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The Analogue Interface for Remote Measurements Using Multiplexer and Resistive Strain Gauges 使用多路复用器和电阻应变片进行远程测量的模拟接口
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(6)2018.9-12
D. Ornatskyi, L. Kuzmych, V. Kvasnikov
An analogue interface circuit that contains a mea­suring chain, a transmitter, the input of which is connected to a DC source through an analog demultiplexer, and the outputs of the measuring chain through the analog multiplexer are connected to the measuring amplifier, and a two-channel analog-digital converter with simultaneous sampling is developed. The measuring chain is made in the form of three resistive current dividers, where one divider is formed by a resistive strain gauge and adjusting resistor, and two others — exemplary resistors. This work is aimed at finding possibilities for increasing the accuracy of measurements and interfering analog interfaces for remote measurements using resistive strain gauges by introducing a new structural scheme, which is shown on the Fig.2.
模拟接口电路包括测量链、变送器,变送器的输入通过模拟多路分解器连接到直流电源,测量链的输出通过模拟多路复用器连接到测量放大器,并开发了一个同时采样的双通道模数转换器。测量链由三个电阻分压器组成,其中一个分压器由电阻应变计和调节电阻器组成,另外两个是示例电阻器。这项工作旨在通过引入一种新的结构方案来寻找提高测量精度和干扰模拟接口的可能性,以便使用电阻应变计进行远程测量,如图2所示。
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引用次数: 0
A Quantitative Method for Estimation of Quality of Screens Color 一种评价屏幕色彩质量的定量方法
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(6)2018.39-46
O. Kupko
The history of the issue on creation of uniform color spaces is analyzed. It is noted that the calculations based on the results of spectral measurements do not adequately correspond to the human visual perception. For all existing color spaces, it has been proposed to create a uniform metric, a me­thod for determining the length, area and volume in the corresponding spaces, one that corresponds to the human visual perception. The metric is based on MacAdam ellipses, that is, on the threshold perception of the difference in colors. For each point of any color space (two or three measurements) is determined the area of space around each point, within which a person is not able to fix the difference in color. The area is characterized by either an ellipse (two-dimensional case) or an ellipsoid (three-dimensional case). To characterize an ellipse, it is necessary to have three parameters — two axes and the angle of slope. To characterize an ellipsoid, it is necessary to have five parameters — three axes and two angle of slope. The number of sections along a line, along a plane, or in a volume is a measure of length, a plane, or in a volume and sets a metric. The connection of the existing systems for determining color and visual perception of a person is carried out using scales. Scales associate the length, area or volume of any color system with a person’s visual perception. The scale depends on the point of space and the direction in which the movement takes place. As a result, a large number of scales (more than the number of colors, because it is necessary to know the angles of inclination of the ellipses) are needed, which must be agreed by the international community. To use this amount of data and for the corresponding calculations, it is necessary to have an agreed international calculation procedure. It is established, that as a result of the development of computing technology, a large amount of data and a large amount of computation are not a significant obstacle. The obstacle is an insufficient amount of consistent data, that is, it is necessary to perform additional measurements and approvals to determine the areas of space around each point of the color space within which a person is not able to fix the difference in color. A schematic diagram of the measurements and the equipment with the help of which it is possible to carry out the corresponding measurements are proposed. Estimates of the greatest labour intensity of such works are carried out. It is determined what is the most important part of these works is possible to carry out within a few years. For two-dimensional spaces (x, y and u, v), using the results of the classical work of McAdam, we determined the scales for connecting the lengths and areas in these spaces with the visual perception of the human eye. The directions in which the scales are largest or smallest are determined. For these two directions there are given scales that relate the distances and areas of the spa
分析了均匀色彩空间创建问题的历史。值得注意的是,基于光谱测量结果的计算并不充分对应于人类视觉感知。对于所有现有的颜色空间,有人提出创建一个统一的度量,一种确定相应空间中的长度、面积和体积的方法,一种与人类视觉感知相对应的方法。该度量基于MacAdam椭圆,即基于对颜色差异的阈值感知。对于任何颜色空间的每个点(两次或三次测量),确定每个点周围的空间区域,在该区域内,一个人无法固定颜色差异。该区域以椭圆(二维情况)或椭球(三维情况)为特征。要表征椭圆,必须有三个参数——两个轴和倾斜角度。要表征椭球体,必须有五个参数——三个轴和两个倾角。沿直线、沿平面或在体积中的截面数是长度、平面或体积的度量,并设置度量。用于确定人的颜色和视觉感知的现有系统的连接是使用量表进行的。刻度将任何颜色系统的长度、面积或体积与人的视觉感知联系起来。比例取决于空间的点和运动发生的方向。因此,需要大量的刻度(比颜色的数量还多,因为有必要知道椭圆的倾斜角度),这必须得到国际社会的同意。为了使用这一数量的数据并进行相应的计算,有必要制定一个商定的国际计算程序。已经确定,由于计算技术的发展,大量的数据和大量的计算并不是一个显著的障碍。障碍是缺乏足够的一致性数据,也就是说,有必要进行额外的测量和批准,以确定颜色空间中每个点周围的空间区域,在这些区域内,人们无法修复颜色差异。提出了测量和设备的示意图,借助该示意图可以进行相应的测量。对此类工程的最大劳动强度进行了估算。已经确定了这些工作中最重要的部分是什么,可以在几年内完成。对于二维空间(x,y和u,v),利用McAdam经典工作的结果,我们确定了连接这些空间中的长度和面积与人眼视觉感知的尺度。确定刻度最大或最小的方向。对于这两个方向,给出了将空间(x,y和u,v)的距离和面积与人类视觉感知联系起来的尺度。值得注意的是,创建指标的工作有一个明确的分阶段结构,工作的某些部分,即:软件和编程的开发、稳定辐射源的开发、比较工具的开发和实验研究可以独立进行。提出了结论和建议。
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引用次数: 0
The Results of the Testing of Led Light According to the Method of Measuring the Lighting Engineering Parameters 根据照明工程参数测量方法对Led灯的测试结果
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(1)2019.37-41
A. Kolesnyk, D. Usichenko, L. Nazarenko
The paper presents results of the thermographic and numerical analyses of the chosen design of the LED lamp radiator. The LED technology is characterized by the most dynamic development in the ligh ting market. The object of the test is the LED-1 product, which represents the unit module of the multi-module lighting system. Due to high heat fl ux on the small surface of the individual diodes, problems related to the light source cooling become to be one of the basic ones. The parameters of the test modes for the eff ects of changes in temperature are selected taking into account the physical and mechanical properties of the materials used in the manufacture of the product. Tests were conducted in a windless, dark room. Heat was discharged through convection and radiation. The tests in a dark room were conducted. Heat was discharged through convection and radiation. A thermoelectric transducer chromel-copel with dimensions of 400 μm was used to measure the temperature. The temperature was measured by passing a nominal current of 1,67 A through the module. The test results were analyzed and processed. Based on the result it was decided that the works will be continued using the advanced test stand, equipped with the system of the forced air circulation, control and data acquisition system connected with set of the temperature measurers and improved barriers, preventing the interference of the light fl ux with the thermographic measurement. The results of studies of thermal conditions and lighting parameters of the sample of the LED lamp in the process of robots are given. The ability of LED modules to resist the destructive action of heat has been determined. Inspection of potentially unreliable structural elements, strength of fasteners has been done. The luminous effi ciency of LED modules is calculated by indirect and direct, thermal and optical measurements. For the clarity of the working picture was a measured base spectral characteristic. The case temperature, with basic measurements, was 45 °C, and the ambient temperature was 24,2 °C. Analyzing the measurement results — the deviation of the light characteristics amounted to < 10 %. Bringing measurement results to model drawings in CAD SolidWorks allowed us to create a consistent computer model of the product. The model allows with sufficient accuracy to carry out all the calculations for thermal and mass-dimensional data.
本文介绍了LED灯散热器的热成像和数值分析结果。LED技术的特点是在照明市场上发展最为活跃。测试对象是LED-1产品,它代表了多模块照明系统的单元模块。由于单个二极管的小表面上的高热流,与光源冷却相关的问题成为基本问题之一。温度变化影响的测试模式的参数是在考虑产品制造中使用的材料的物理和机械性能的情况下选择的。测试是在一个无风、黑暗的房间里进行的。热量通过对流和辐射排出。测试是在黑暗的房间里进行的。热量通过对流和辐射排出。用一个尺寸为400μm的热电换能器chromel copel测量温度。通过使1.67A的标称电流通过模块来测量温度。对测试结果进行了分析和处理。根据结果,决定使用先进的试验台继续进行工作,该试验台配备了强制空气循环系统、控制和数据采集系统,并连接了一套温度测量仪和改进的屏障,以防止光线干扰热成像测量。给出了机器人加工过程中LED灯样品的热条件和照明参数的研究结果。已经确定了LED模块抵抗热量破坏作用的能力。已对可能不可靠的结构元件、紧固件强度进行了检查。LED模块的发光效率通过间接测量和直接测量、热测量和光学测量来计算。为了工作图像的清晰度,测量了基本光谱特性。经过基本测量,外壳温度为45°C,环境温度为24.2°C。分析测量结果——光特性的偏差达<10%。将测量结果带到CAD SolidWorks中的模型图中,使我们能够创建一个一致的产品计算机模型。该模型允许以足够的精度对热尺寸和质量尺寸数据进行所有计算。
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引用次数: 0
Infoliological Modeling of Technologies for the Creation Materials for Footorological Structures and Systems 足迹结构和系统创建材料技术的信息建模
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(6)2018.53-58
G. Baranov, O. Komisarenko, O. Chaka
Розроблено технологію структуризації знань атрибутних елементів баз даних для перспективних програмно-апаратних комплексів моделювання процесів перетворення сирої речовини в конструктивний матеріал.
已经开发了一种知识结构技术来构建数据库的属性元素,用于未来的基于软件的复合体,以对原材料转化为建筑材料的过程进行建模。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation of the Intelligent Metering Systems for Natural Gas in Ukraine 乌克兰天然气智能计量系统的实施
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(6)2018.59-67
I. Petryshyn, O. Baş
The article proposed and justified the need for on-line calibration, the essence of which is to conduct individual calibration in real time directly at the place of operation of gas meters, taking into account the conditions and influential factors for which they conduct measurements to determine the actual calibration characteristics. This procedure should be one of the primary tools in ensuring widespread adoption of Metrology 4.0. It was noted that the key direction of development of the metrology industry should be the conformity assessment of the gas control and metering system. The given example of calculations (Table 1) carried out in assessing the compliance of such a system. It was found that the greatest weight has the error of the gas meter. In order to carry out the on-line calibration procedure, it is proposed to use the installation with parallel installed reference meters (Fig. 1), which is designed as a mobile stand with the ability to be transported to the work site. The necessity of on-line calibration is justified on the example of the obtained characteristics of gas meters (Fig. 2, Fig. 3). The results of the gas meter calibration on the working environment natural gas (Fig. 4) are presented and the total uncertainty of the gas metering system is calculated (Table 2). The application of the on-line calibration procedure leads to the need to develop the concept of introducing intelligent or smart metering of natural gas using intelligent information-measuring systems. As part of the implementation of smart metering, the possible introduction of two-tariff metering of natural gas. As a tool for statistical processing of the data, it has been proposed to apply control charts that have been tested for reference standards and are recommended in international documents.
文章提出并证明了在线校准的必要性,其本质是直接在燃气表的操作场所实时进行单独的校准,并考虑其进行测量的条件和影响因素,以确定实际的校准特性。该程序应是确保计量4.0广泛采用的主要工具之一。有人指出,计量行业发展的主要方向应该是对气体控制和计量系统进行合格评定。在评估此类系统的合规性时进行的给定计算示例(表1)。研究发现,最大重量的燃气表存在误差。为了执行在线校准程序,建议使用带有平行安装的参考仪表的装置(图1),该装置设计为移动支架,能够运输到工作现场。以获得的燃气表特性为例证明了在线校准的必要性(图2、图3)。给出了燃气表在工作环境天然气上的校准结果(图4),并计算了燃气计量系统的总不确定度(表2)。在线校准程序的应用导致需要发展使用智能信息测量系统引入智能或智能天然气计量的概念。作为实施智能计量的一部分,可能引入天然气的两种收费计量。作为对数据进行统计处理的一种工具,有人提议采用经过参考标准测试并在国际文件中提出建议的控制图。
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引用次数: 0
Bi-Generators Flow Meter of Instant Values (Characteriograph) 双发电机瞬时值流量计(特性图)
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(6)2018.13-20
I. Topolov
The article describes a variant of constructing an instantaneous flowmeter, designed to monitor the energy characteristics of internal combustion engines located on long-term bench tests, under different load conditions. The result of the development is a system using the method of indirect control of the weight of consumed fuel from a sample tank, by measuring the pressure in it. To ensure the required accuracy and stability, the flowmeter uses a pressure-period frequency converter built on a bi-ge­nerator circuit. As a result of the research carried out in the work: the algorithm of work and the functional scheme of the automated device intended for precision control of instantaneous fuel consumption are developed; the method of calculation of the basic metrological parameters of the flowmeter of instantaneous values is proposed; conducted research is the basis for designing new automa­ted devices for precision consumption control.
本文描述了一种构建瞬时流量计的变体,该流量计旨在监测在不同负载条件下进行长期台架试验的内燃机的能量特性。开发的结果是,通过测量样本箱中的压力,间接控制样本箱中消耗燃料的重量。为了确保所需的准确性和稳定性,流量计使用了内置在双发电机电路上的压力周期变频器。作为工作中进行的研究的结果:开发了用于精确控制瞬时油耗的自动化装置的工作算法和功能方案;提出了瞬时值流量计基本计量参数的计算方法;所进行的研究是设计用于精确消耗控制的新型自动装置的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Research of the Electrical Parameters of the Telephone Cable in the Frequency Range Up To 30 MHz 30MHz频率范围内电话电缆电气参数的研究
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(6)2018.47-52
V. Balashov, A. Lashko, L. Lyakhovetsky, Vasyl I. Oreshkov, F. Toporkov
The work is devoted to the research of the electrical parameters of the domestic telephone cables in the frequency range from 1 to 30 MHz. The paper presents the results of the experimental determination of the frequency characteristics of the transmission parameters and the crosstalk of the TPPep 10х2х0,4 and TPPepZ 10х2х0,4 types telephone cables produced by ODESKABEL PJSC. The conformity of the domestic production cables with the requirements for digital subscriber line cables for VDSL2 technology services is determined. According to the results of the measurements, approximation formulas for the frequency dependence of the own attenuation, near end crosstalk and equal level far end crosstalk, which are proposed to be used in the modelling of the transmission systems using VDSL2 technology on the domestic broadband access networks based on these cables, are determined.
本工作致力于研究家用电话电缆在1-30MHz频率范围内的电气参数。本文介绍了ODESKABEL PJSC生产的TPPep 10?2?0,4和TPPepZ 10?2×0,4型电话电缆的传输参数和串扰的频率特性的实验测定结果。确定了国内生产的电缆是否符合VDSL2技术服务数字用户线电缆的要求。根据测量结果,确定了在基于这些电缆的国内宽带接入网上使用VDSL2技术的传输系统建模中使用的自身衰减、近端串扰和等电平远端串扰的频率依赖性的近似公式。
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引用次数: 0
A Comprehensive Assessment of the Scientific and Pedagogical Employee Activities 科学与教学员工活动的综合评价
Pub Date : 2018-10-19 DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(5)2018.67-72
N. Kosach, H. Bondarenko
The article analyzes the existing methods of the staff competence assessment and identifies their advantages and disadvantages, describes the peculiarities of their application in making an assessment of the academic staff competence. The ways of an improved evaluation of the academic staff performance in the higher educational establishments are determined based on the rating system that will take into account all the participants’ grades in the educational process, in particular, those of the stakeholders.
分析了现有的教职员工胜任力评价方法,指出了各种方法的优缺点,阐述了各种方法在进行教职员工胜任力评价中应用的特点。在高等教育机构中,改进学术人员绩效评估的方法是根据评级制度确定的,该制度将考虑到教育过程中所有参与者的成绩,特别是利益相关者的成绩。
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引用次数: 0
Automation of Calculation of Entropy Error of Measurement 测量熵误差计算的自动化
Pub Date : 2018-10-19 DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(5)2018.50-55
D. Losikhin, O. Oliynyk, O. Chorna
The mathematical model of calculating the entropy error of measurement is obtained in the article. Program listings are provided for calculating measurement errors under the normal and uniform law of distribution errors in the Python software environment.
本文建立了测量熵误差的数学模型。提供了程序清单,用于在Python软件环境中计算正态和均匀分布误差定律下的测量误差。
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引用次数: 1
The Features Ofapplication of Normative Documents to Inverse Problems of Measurement 规范性文件在测量反问题中的应用特点
Pub Date : 2018-10-19 DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(5)2018.40-46
O. Poliarus, Ja. Brovko, O. Maletska
The most important parameters of technically complex objects are controlled by means of measu­ring channels, which in turn are calibrated in established terms. These procedures are sometimes economically unattractive and gradually, along with the classic calibration, online monitoring of channels is being introduced. It is promising to use online moni­toring methods for solving inverse measurement problems that allow to obtain a slightly distorted input signal. Nowadays there are no normative documents regarding the inverse problems and the qua­lity of the input signal restoration. The scientific basis must be created for their implementation. Some scientific theses that should be used when creating normative documents, terminology and recommendations are considered in the article.
技术复杂物体的最重要参数是通过测量通道控制的,而测量通道又按照既定的条件进行校准。这些程序有时在经济上不具吸引力,随着经典校准,正在逐步引入通道的在线监测。使用在线监测方法来解决反向测量问题是很有希望的,这样可以获得轻微失真的输入信号。目前还没有关于反问题和输入信号恢复质量的规范性文件。必须为其实施创造科学基础。本文考虑了在制定规范性文件、术语和建议时应使用的一些科学论文。
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引用次数: 0
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Metrologiia ta priladi
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