Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.1007/s40726-024-00323-9
Weijie Yao, Xiaole Pan, Yuting Zhang, Hang Liu, Jing Ye, Song Lü, Sinan Li, Yele Sun, Hang Su, Zifa Wang
Purpose of Review
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the technological developments in polarized laser single particle measurement technology (PLSMT), as well as the results and findings obtained by PLSMT in field observations and laboratory studies. This overview of the measurement methods, theoretical simulations, and data mining emphasizes the importance of exploring future prospects for the application of PLSMT in atmospheric research.
Recent Findings
In recent years, the advancement of theoretical simulation methods and instrument measurement techniques has led to the application of PLSMT in the study of dust aerosols, anthropogenic pollution aerosols, atmospheric ice crystals, and bioaerosols. Moreover, researchers have achieved promising results in areas such as air quality modeling and forecasting, large-scale dust transport processes, cloud microphysical processes, and fine aerosol identification using observation data obtained from PLSMT. PLSMT enhances our understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of atmospheric aerosols.
Summary
Atmospheric aerosols play a crucial role in various physical and chemical processes, and their properties are influenced by their morphology and chemical composition. The optical scattering method is a classical approach for determining the size of atmospheric aerosols, and the morphology of particulate matter can be determined based on the polarization distribution of backscattered light (90–180°). PLSMT, which was developed based on the optical scattering method, is an efficient in situ detection technique for determining the particle size and mixing state of aerosols.
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Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.1007/s40726-024-00320-y
Li Pan, Ziye Yang, Liming Liu, Liqun Chen, Can Wang
Purpose of Review
Antibiotic resistance has become a significant challenge around the world, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have also been recognized as emerging pollutants because of their wide distribution and adverse impacts on human health. Several approaches have been proposed to alleviate ARGs. However, limited knowledge exists on the summary of various strategies and their differences. To resolve these issues, we reviewed the elimination effects of ARGs in different ways and clarified the main molecular mechanisms.
Recent Findings
ARGs resistant to tetracyclines (tet) and sulfonamides (sul) have been found in many locations. In addition, various environmental factors, such as temperature, pH, and salinity may influence the removal of ARGs. Various traditional, emerging, and combined approaches have been used to eliminate ARGs, mainly associated with DNA damage, decrease in reactive oxygen species levels, and downregulated expression of ARGs-related function genes.
Summary
Collectively, this review systematically summarizes the environmental factors and strategies for ARGs removal. A comparison among these methods is made with a focus on performance and efficiency. Furthermore, we elucidate the main molecular mechanisms to eliminate ARGs. Ultimately, in terms of current studies, several advisable suggestions are proposed for further work.