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URBAN MOBILITY SCENARIO EVALUATION IN A POST-COVID-19 ERA COVID-19后时期的城市流动性情景评估
Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.56958/jesi.2021.6.4.6
OVIDIU-LAURENȚIU Harpalete
This paper brings an evaluation of different mobility scenarios in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. The mobility is a fundamental human need, a manifestation of an integrated society and an individual and rational act. Building scenarios offer a means of dealing with critical issues of innovation, reflexivity and framing in analysing change in socio-economic systems. Forecasting, exploratory or backcasting scenarios, they are all analysed from the point of view of collective behavioral choice, public policy or technology. The pandemic brought first a serious decrease in traffic and mobility imposing a lockdown, but after it generated an amplified transition to private motorised transport, as public transport is a potent force in disease spread. And this is translated by congestion and pollution. Luckily, based on the same priciples, walking and cycling gained particular importance. A key element in the concept of sustainable development is the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
本文对新冠肺炎大流行背景下的不同流动情景进行了评估。流动性是人类的基本需求,是社会一体化的表现,是个体理性行为。构建情景提供了一种方法来处理创新、反思和框架等关键问题,以分析社会经济体系的变化。预测、探索或回溯场景,都是从集体行为选择、公共政策或技术的角度进行分析的。新冠疫情首先导致交通和流动性严重下降,实施了封锁,但之后又扩大了向私人机动交通的过渡,因为公共交通是疾病传播的强大力量。而拥堵和污染则会导致这种情况。幸运的是,基于同样的原则,步行和骑自行车变得尤为重要。可持续发展概念的一个关键要素是减少温室气体排放。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing construction risk factors and ensuring safety 评估施工风险因素,确保安全
Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.56958/jesi.2021.6.4.7
Nino Ratiani, N. Ilias, N. Machavariani, Nana Razmadze
Construction is one of the most dangerous industries, which in physical terms is associated with the highest load. Trauma and accident statistics are high. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of employees in the construction sector, considering the impact of harmful and dangerous factors and difficulties of operating construction and transport equipment, construction is one of the most dangerous areas. During the 2020-2021 pandemic, various problems arose in the construction sector. The problem of the construction industry, delays caused by pandemics, the main causes of safety breaches, hazard detection, risk management outcomes are discussed in the article and recommendations are given to improve them. Research methods: Analysis of the theoretical and practical experience of existing means of occupational safety, working on statistical data on traumas and accidents, develop methods for identifying hazards, and assessing risks based on specific examples. Based on theoretical studies and analysis of existing conditions, measures have been developed to improve occupational safety. The importance of the mechanism for predicting unforeseen delays in the construction sector, the causeand-effect relationship between high statistics of injuries and accidents in conditions of excessive working hours. The complexity of the construction field is presented and analyzed with all clarity, taking into account the multitude of existing risk factors, the stages of risk assessment and management are schematically depicted, the criteria for determining the probability of events.
建筑业是最危险的行业之一,从物理角度来看,它与最高的负荷有关。创伤和事故的统计数字很高。由于建筑业从业人员的多学科性质,考虑到有害和危险因素的影响以及操作施工和运输设备的难度,建筑业是最危险的领域之一。在2020-2021年大流行期间,建筑行业出现了各种问题。本文讨论了建筑业的问题、流行病造成的延误、安全违规的主要原因、危害检测、风险管理结果,并提出了改进这些问题的建议。研究方法:分析现有职业安全手段的理论和实践经验,研究创伤和事故的统计数据,制定识别危害的方法,并根据具体实例进行风险评估。在理论研究和现状分析的基础上,提出了提高职业安全的措施。预测建筑部门不可预见的延误的机制的重要性,在超长工作时间条件下的高伤害和事故统计数字之间的因果关系。考虑到众多现有的风险因素,对建筑领域的复杂性进行了清晰的呈现和分析,并对风险评估和管理的阶段进行了图解描述,并给出了确定事件概率的标准。
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引用次数: 0
Interdisciplinarity: artificial intelligence and chemical engineering 交叉学科:人工智能与化学工程
Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.56958/jesi.2021.6.4.9
A. Woinaroschy
There are exposed implications of artificial intelligence in addressing important problems from a technical and economic point of view whose traditional solution would not be possible or would require a huge computational time: selection of the most efficient catalyst, and determination of the optimal sequence of processes for the separation into individual components of the multicomponent mixtures in the liquid state.
从技术和经济的角度来看,人工智能在解决重要问题方面有着明显的影响,传统的解决方案是不可能的,或者需要大量的计算时间:选择最有效的催化剂,以及确定用于分离成液态多组分混合物的各个组分的最佳工艺顺序。
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引用次数: 0
Transdisciplinarity based on Category Theory 基于范畴论的跨学科研究
Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.56958/jesi.2021.6.4.10
I. Cuncev
Physical reality can be characterized by the theory of categories that brings to the fore transdisciplinarity through invariants and structural and management patterns common to many fields. Applying the model of thinking the universe of systems according to category theory, many opportunities open for their modeling, but also for their planning, management and evaluation procedures. Structures and concepts in physical reality, as well as the relationships between them, become objects and morphisms through category theory, thus being valid in many fields. Objects can be aggregated through the relationships between them, in increasingly complex objects that meet the requirements of users in the knowledge society. In this respect, category theory provides the working tools for transdisciplinary modeling of systems on different levels of increasingly sophisticated reality
物理现实可以用范畴理论来描述,它通过许多领域共同的不变量、结构和管理模式,将跨学科性带到前沿。运用范畴论的思维模式来思考系统的宇宙,不仅为它们的建模提供了许多机会,而且也为它们的规划、管理和评估程序提供了许多机会。物理现实中的结构和概念,以及它们之间的关系,通过范畴论成为对象和态射,因而在许多领域都是有效的。在知识社会中,对象可以通过它们之间的关系聚合在日益复杂的对象中,以满足用户的需求。在这方面,范畴理论为在日益复杂的现实的不同层次上对系统进行跨学科建模提供了工作工具
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引用次数: 0
Expired streptomycin as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in acetic acid - sodium acetate buffer solution 过期链霉素作为碳钢在醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液中的缓蚀剂
Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.56958/jesi.2021.6.4.4
M. Bobina, V. Ordodi, A. Kellenberger, N. Vaszilcsin
Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in buffer acid solutions by expired streptomycin was studied by weight loss method, linear polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, as well as scanning electron microscopy. It was found that streptomycin reduces the metal corrosion rate, and the inhibition efficiency increases proportionally with the drug content. A high efficiency has been obtained for 10–3 M amount of inhibitor. Tafel polarization results indicate that the drug is active especially on the cathodic side and less on the anodic dissolution of iron reaction, acting as a mixed type corrosion inhibitor. The double layer capacitance of the metal - buffer solution interface, polarization resistance and film formation on the carbon steel surface have been emphasized by electrochemical impedance measurements. The scanning electron micrographs of the carbon steel samples in blank solutions have revealed a severe corrosion on the samples surface, while in the presence of the expired drug, the surface has remained almost unaffected. Electrochemical behavior of streptomycin has been also investigated by cyclic voltammetry.
采用失重法、线性极化、电化学阻抗谱和扫描电镜等方法研究了过期链霉素对碳钢在缓冲酸溶液中的缓蚀作用。结果表明,链霉素能降低金属的腐蚀速率,且抑制效率随药物含量的增加而成正比增加。当抑制剂用量为10 ~ 3 M时,反应效率较高。Tafel极化结果表明,该药物对铁的阳极溶解反应活性较弱,在阴极侧具有较强的活性,是一种混合型缓蚀剂。电化学阻抗测量着重研究了金属-缓冲溶液界面的双层电容、极化电阻和碳钢表面的成膜现象。碳钢样品在空白溶液中的扫描电镜显示,样品表面有严重的腐蚀,而在过期药物的存在下,表面几乎没有受到影响。用循环伏安法研究了链霉素的电化学行为。
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引用次数: 2
White wine protein instability: a review 白葡萄酒蛋白质不稳定性综述
Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.56958/jesi.2021.6.4.3
Andreea Hortolomeu, I. Nistor
The presence of protein compounds in wine leads to decreased organoleptic quality of finished products such as clarity and hue. These compounds have important nutritional values. A large part of the proteins present in wine are closely related to the pathogenesis process. Disturbance in wine samples occurs as a consequence of the presence of several non-protein factors such as the presence of phenolic compounds, metals and pH. To date, a wide range of procedures are known for the protein of wine precipitation in order to determine the total protein content of wine samples, using solutions such as: trichloroacetic acid (TCA), acetone, ethanol, etc. Numerous techniques specific to the process of protein stability are also known and developed. The best known techniques for determining protein stability are: thermal with the addition of chemicals, bentonite, tannin, ProtoCheck, acetone respectively combined (hot test + tannin, etc.).
葡萄酒中蛋白质化合物的存在会降低成品的感官质量,如清晰度和色调。这些化合物具有重要的营养价值。葡萄酒中存在的大部分蛋白质与发病过程密切相关。葡萄酒样品中的干扰是由几种非蛋白质因素造成的,如酚类化合物、金属和pH值的存在。迄今为止,已知有一系列的葡萄酒沉淀蛋白质程序,以使用三氯乙酸(TCA)、丙酮、乙醇等溶液来测定葡萄酒样品的总蛋白质含量。许多特定于蛋白质稳定性过程的技术也是已知和开发的。测定蛋白质稳定性的最著名技术是:添加化学物质的热法、膨润土、单宁、ProtoCheck、丙酮分别结合(热法+单宁等)。
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引用次数: 0
NMR studies of rotamers with multi-substituted amides 多取代酰胺转子的核磁共振研究
Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.56958/jesi.2021.6.4.2
JIA-XIANG Zhang, Lei-Yang Zhang, Naixing Wang, Yue-Hua Wu, Zhang Yan, D. Lucan
Rotamers existed in the multi-substituted amide play an important role in the chemical reactivity function. Diverse chemical reactivity of substrates which contain an amide group is significantly affected by their rotamers. In this paper, rotamers of amides were studied and confirmed by means of NMR spectra. It was found that the ratio of related rotamers of amides depend on the amides bulk. When the nitrogen atom is located in the ring rigid structure, the rotation of C-N bond is limited and it is difficult to produce rotational isomers. In addition, we also found that substituted groups in phenyl ring cannot affect the ratio of related rotamers.
存在于多取代酰胺中的轮状体在化学反应功能中起着重要作用。含有酰胺基的底物的不同化学反应性受到其旋转异构体的显著影响。本文研究了酰胺的旋转异构体,并用核磁共振波谱对其进行了确证。研究发现,酰胺的相关旋转异构体的比例取决于酰胺的体积。当氮原子位于环刚性结构中时,C-N键的旋转受到限制,很难产生旋转异构体。此外,我们还发现苯环中的取代基团不会影响相关轮异构体的比例。
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引用次数: 0
Behavior at 1100°C of nickel–based alloys strengthened by MC carbides with M = Tantalum and Hafnium 含M=钽和铪的MC碳化物增强镍基合金在1100°C下的行为
Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.56958/jesi.2021.6.4.1
D. A. Kane, L. Aranda, P. Berthod
The metallurgical principle constituted by a chromium–rich metallic matrix associated with eutectic script monocarbides represents a promising way in terms of high temperature performance. In this work, focus was done on polycrystalline nickel–based alloys reinforced by monocarbides involving both tantalum and hafnium, with as objectives exploring the microstructures that can be obtained and the metallurgical, chemical and mechanical behaviors of what they can be able. Two alloys were synthesized by foundry under inert atmosphere. Their as–cast microstructures were visualized by electron microscopy and their behavior at high temperature were explored, for the following temperature and time parameters: 1100°C and 50 hours for all tests. The obtained results show that the carbide population obtained after solidification is mainly composed of MC carbides in both cases but it is composed of MC carbides only for the alloy with more hafnium than tantalum. The morphological resistance of the MC carbides is good for the test conditions for both alloys. Concerning oxidation, a chromia–forming behavior was observed in the two cases, with furthermore an obvious good resistance against scale spallation at cooling. The oxidation–induced subsurface alloy degradations and the heat–induced bulk microstructure deteriorations were very limited. The bending tests under constant load allow the sample demonstrating good creep resistance. To summarize both alloys appeared as good bases for developing quite usable superalloys for this temperature where the high performance ’ nickel–based single crystals start to encounter serious problems as consequences of the loss of their reinforcing particles.
由富含铬的金属基体与共晶脚本单碳化物组成的冶金原理代表了高温性能方面的一种很有前途的方法。在这项工作中,重点研究了由含有钽和铪的单碳化物增强的多晶镍基合金,目的是探索可以获得的微观结构及其冶金、化学和机械性能。在惰性气氛下通过铸造合成了两种合金。在以下温度和时间参数下,通过电子显微镜观察了它们的铸态微观结构,并探索了它们在高温下的行为:1100°C和50小时的所有测试。结果表明,在这两种情况下,凝固后获得的碳化物群体都主要由MC碳化物组成,但只有铪比钽多的合金才由MC碳化物构成。MC碳化物的形态电阻对于两种合金的测试条件都是好的。关于氧化,在这两种情况下都观察到了铬的形成行为,而且在冷却时对氧化皮剥落具有明显的良好抵抗力。氧化诱导的亚表面合金退化和热诱导的整体微观结构退化非常有限。恒定载荷下的弯曲试验使样品具有良好的抗蠕变性能。总之,这两种合金都是开发出适用于该温度的高性能高温合金的良好基础’ 镍基单晶由于其增强颗粒的损失而开始遇到严重的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Mössbauer studies on steel samples 钢样品的穆斯堡尔研究
Pub Date : 2021-09-17 DOI: 10.56958/jesi.2021.6.3.7
I. Bibicu
"The paper presents the studies on the steels samples performed by Mössbauer spectroscopy. The 57Fe isotope is most studied isotope by this method. The first studies were realized in the transmission geometry. Thus were studied industrial Fe-C steels, Fe-Si electrotechnical steels, the action of an organic inhibitor on the corrosion of OL37 steel and the compound formed at the Fe-Sn interface of a babbit bearing. The following studies were concentrated on the surface studies. The development of new detectors for surface studies was accomplish. The corrosion of industrial carbon steel in diluted ammoniacal media was studied. The inhibition effect of three organic compounds on the corrosion of carbon-steel in ammoniacal solutions was determined. The corrosion of industrial carbon steel in HCl solutions was investigated. The inhibition effect of five organic compounds for samples corroded in solutions of HCl were determined. Low carbon Fe-C steel surface has been studied before and after electrolytic galvanisation. "
本文介绍了用穆斯堡尔谱对钢样品进行的研究。57Fe同位素是用这种方法研究最多的同位素。第一次研究是在透射几何中实现的。因此,研究了工业用Fe-C钢、Fe-Si电工钢、有机抑制剂对OL37钢腐蚀的作用以及在巴氏合金轴承。以下研究集中于表面研究。完成了用于表面研究的新型探测器的开发。研究了工业碳钢在稀氨介质中的腐蚀行为。测定了三种有机化合物对碳钢在氨溶液中腐蚀的抑制作用。研究了工业碳钢在盐酸溶液中的腐蚀行为。测定了五种有机化合物对HCl溶液中腐蚀样品的抑制作用。对电解镀锌前后的低碳Fe-C钢表面进行了研究。“
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引用次数: 0
Technological parameters influence on biodegradable injected polymers during water jet cutting 水射流切割工艺参数对可生物降解注射聚合物的影响
Pub Date : 2021-09-17 DOI: 10.56958/jesi.2021.6.3.2
D. Mărguță, E. Herghelegiu, C. Tâmpu, S. Mazurchevici, D. Nedelcu
"Arbofill Fichte and Arboblend V2 Nature are polymers with high-performance functional characteristics and which have the potential to replace plastics based on nonrenewable resources from various sectors of activity. The present study aims to analye from topographical point of view the behavior of injected parts during the processing by cutting with abrasive water jet. The materials behavior, as expected, in any machining or manufacturing process is influenced by the technological parameters, whether they are kept constant (for example the part thickness, the abrasive material, the distance between the cutting head and the part) or variable (pressure, traverse speed and abrasive material flow). In this sense, the purpose was to obtain data regarding the most used roughness parameter, Ra, and based on them some solutions for optimizing the working parameters will be provided, so that the surfaces quality to be as good as possible. The results showed that the technological parameter ""abrasive material flow"" has the greatest influence on the roughness, ie lower values of roughness for the situation of using a larger amount of abrasive. "
“Arbofill Fichte和Arboblend V2 Nature是具有高性能功能特性的聚合物,有可能取代来自各个活动领域的基于不可再生资源的塑料。本研究旨在从形貌角度分析磨料水射流切割过程中注射件的行为。正如预期的那样,在任何机械加工或制造过程中,材料的行为受到技术参数的影响,无论它们是保持恒定的(例如零件厚度、磨料、切割头与零件之间的距离)还是可变的(压力、横移速度和磨料流量)。从这个意义上说,目的是获得最常用的粗糙度参数Ra的数据,并根据这些数据提供一些优化工作参数的解决方案,以使表面质量尽可能好。结果表明,工艺参数“磨料流量”对粗糙度的影响最大,即磨料用量越大,粗糙度值越小。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Engineering Sciences and Innovation
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