Carbon Resources Conversion最新文献_第7页

Enhancing the efficiency of high solid anaerobic digestion of empty fruit bunches under thermophilic conditions by particle size reduction and co-digestion with palm oil mill effluent 在嗜热条件下，通过减小粒径和与棕榈油厂污水共同消化，提高空果串的高固态厌氧消化效率

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100262

Sittikorn Saelor , Prawit Kongjan , Poonsuk Prasertsan , Chonticha Mamimin , Sompong O-Thong

This study investigates the impact of thermophilic high solid anaerobic digestion (HS-AD) on biogas production from empty fruit bunches (EFB), focusing on the effects of total solids (TS) loading (5–40 %), particle size reduction (0.5, 3.25, and 6 cm), and co-digestion with palm oil mill effluent (POME) (10–30 % VS basis). The HS-AD at a 15–20 % TS loading has a methane yield of 103.4–105.3 mL CH₄/g-VS with 24.6–25.1 % biodegradability. Particle size reduction to 0.5 cm enhanced methane yield by 54–61 % and improved hydrolysis rates by 45 % compared to the untreated EFB (6 cm) at a 15–20 % TS loading. Co-digestion of EFB with POME at a ratio of 31:1 based on VS basis led to a synergistic effect of 17.77 mL CH₄/g-VS, increasing methane yield by 24–46.5 % and improving process stability, as evidenced by a 22.8–38.1 % reduction in volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation. Microbial community analysis showed a 2-fold increase in the relative abundance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanothermobacter sp. and Methanoculleus sp.) during co-digestion, while the abundance of key cellulolytic bacteria (Clostridium sp. and Fibrobacter sp.) increased by 1.5-fold. The optimized HS-AD process achieved a maximum methane yield of 287.77 mL CH₄/g-VS and a biodegradability of 61.2 % under thermophilic conditions, with a 20 % POME co-digestion addition (31:1 VS ratio) and 0.5 cm particle size. These findings demonstrate the potential of thermophilic HS-AD for the sustainable management of EFB and highlight the importance of process optimization and co-digestion strategies for enhanced biogas production from EFB.

本研究调查了嗜热高固相厌氧消化（HS-AD）对空果束（EFB）沼气生产的影响，重点研究了总固体（TS）负荷（5 - 40%）、颗粒尺寸减小（0.5、3.25和6 cm）以及与棕榈油厂废水（POME）共消化（10 - 30% VS基础）的影响。在15 - 20% TS负荷下，HS-AD的甲烷产率为103.4-105.3 mL CH4/g-VS，生物降解率为24.6 - 25.1%。在15 - 20%的TS负载下，与未处理的EFB （6 cm）相比，将粒径减小至0.5 cm可使甲烷产率提高54 - 61%，水解率提高45%。在VS基础上，EFB与POME以31:1的比例共消化，产生了17.77 mL CH4/g-VS的协同效应，甲烷产量提高了24 - 46.5%，挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）积累减少了22.8 - 38.1%，提高了工艺稳定性。微生物群落分析表明，在共消化过程中，氢营养产甲烷菌（Methanothermobacter sp.和Methanoculleus sp.）的相对丰度增加了2倍，而关键的纤维素分解细菌（Clostridium sp.和Fibrobacter sp.）的相对丰度增加了1.5倍。优化后的HS-AD工艺在POME共消化添加量为20% （VS比为31:1）、粒径为0.5 cm的条件下，甲烷产率最高为287.77 mL CH4/g-VS，生物降解率为61.2%。这些发现证明了嗜热HS-AD对EFB可持续管理的潜力，并强调了工艺优化和共消化策略对提高EFB沼气产量的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of calcination temperature on the performance of K-Co/Al2O3 catalyst for oxidative coupling of methane 煅烧温度对K-Co/Al2O3甲烷氧化偶联催化剂性能的影响

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100261

Sarannuch Sringam , Thongthai Witoon , Chularat Wattanakit , Waleeporn Donphai , Metta Chareonpanich , Günther Rupprechter , Anusorn Seubsai

The oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) involves directly converting methane to C₂₊ hydrocarbons (such as ethylene and ethane) via a reaction with oxygen. This study elucidated the effect of the calcination temperature on the structure and catalytic performance of potassium-doped-cobalt oxide supported on an alumina (K-Co/Al₂O₃) catalyst for the OCM reaction. The catalyst was highly active at relatively low reactor temperatures (500–640 °C). Four calcination temperatures (400, 500, 600, and 700 °C) were investigated, with the results showing that the calcination temperature strongly affected catalytic properties, such as the crystalline phases, elemental distribution, physical properties, and catalytic basicity, leading to a wide range in catalytic performances. The catalyst calcined at 400 °C was superior among the catalysts, with 8.3 % C₂₊ yield, 24.8 % C₂₊ selectivity, and 33.6 % CH₄ conversion at 640 °C. Furthermore, the catalyst was robust over 24 h of testing.

甲烷的氧化偶联（OCM）涉及通过与氧的反应将甲烷直接转化为C2+碳氢化合物（如乙烯和乙烷）。研究了煅烧温度对负载在氧化铝（K-Co/Al2O3）催化剂上的掺钾氧化钴的结构和催化性能的影响。催化剂在较低的反应温度（500-640℃）下具有较高的活性。研究了400、500、600和700℃四种煅烧温度，结果表明，煅烧温度对催化剂的晶相、元素分布、物理性质和催化碱度等催化性能有较大影响，导致催化剂的催化性能变化较大。400℃煅烧催化剂的C2+产率为8.3%，C2+选择性为24.8%，CH4转化率为33.6%。此外，在24小时的测试中，催化剂具有很强的鲁棒性。

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引用次数: 0

Outside Back Cover 封底外侧

IF 6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/S2588-9133(24)00049-8

引用次数: 0

Recent progress in glycerol oxidation to lactic acid and pyruvic acid with heterogeneous metal catalysts 利用异质金属催化剂将甘油氧化成乳酸和丙酮酸的最新进展

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100250

Zixuan Wang , Yuming Zhang , Yanan Wang , Jiazhou Li , Xicheng Jia , Zhijie Wu

The production of biodiesel generates a significant amount of glycerol by-products. One way to utilize glycerol is converting it into lactic acid, which can then be further transformed into pyruvic acid. In this review, we examine existing reaction pathways and propose a new approach for the indirect synthesis of pyruvic acid using glycerol and lactic acid as intermediates. Noble metals and transition metals are suitable for the oxidation of glycerol and lactic acid, and the combination of different metal sites may exhibit synergy effect and promote the process. It should be noted that the dehydration and isomerization of 1,3-dehydroxyacetone to lactic acid can be catalyzed by Lewis acids, which can be utilized in the base-free system that simplifies the postprocess procedure. Excepting noble metals, synergistic effect between iron and molybdenum also shows promising performance in catalyzed oxidation of lactic acid. Furthermore, many research results also suggest that mass transfer plays a critical role in this cascade reaction, which shed light on the catalysts modification for the similar reactions.

生物柴油的生产会产生大量的甘油副产品。利用甘油的一种方法是将其转化为乳酸，乳酸再进一步转化为丙酮酸。在这篇综述中，我们研究了现有的反应途径，并提出了一种以甘油和乳酸为中间体间接合成丙酮酸的新方法。贵金属和过渡金属适合于甘油和乳酸的氧化，不同金属位的组合可能表现出协同效应，促进该过程。值得注意的是，1,3-去羟基丙酮的脱水和异构化可以由路易斯酸催化，可以在无碱体系中使用，简化后处理程序。除贵金属外，铁和钼的协同作用在乳酸的催化氧化中也表现出良好的效果。此外，许多研究结果还表明，传质在该级联反应中起着关键作用，这为类似反应的催化剂改性提供了思路。

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引用次数: 0

Dry reforming of ethane over titania-based catalysts for higher selectivity and conversion to syngas 乙烷在钛基催化剂上的干法重整以获得更高的选择性和转化为合成气

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100249

Emad Al-Shafei , Mohammed Albahar , Reem Albashrayi , Mohammad F. Aljishi , Wala Algozeeb , Ahmed Alasseel , Gazali Tanimu , Abdullah Aitani

Ethane, one of the key components of shale gas, is a valuable feedstock for the production of syngas (CO + H₂) via the CC bond cleavage during dry reforming of ethane (DRE) reaction. Selective catalysts are needed to direct this reaction pathway against the competing CH bond cleavage for ethylene formation. In this study, Fe, V and Rh oxides supported on TiO₂ catalysts were prepared by impregnation method. The catalysts were tested for DRE with the main target of enhancing selectivity to syngas (CO and H₂) and reducing byproducts (methane and ethylene) formation. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, NH₃/CO₂ temperature programmed desorption and H₂-temperature programmed reduction. Temperature programmed oxidation was utilized to characterize the coke contents of the spent catalysts. The catalysts were evaluated for DRE reaction in a fixed-bed reactor at the temperature range from 500 °C to 650 °C and CO₂/ethane ratio from 2:1 to 10:1 (mol/mol). It was found that ethane conversion over the three catalysts increased in the order Rh/TiO₂ > Fe/TiO₂ > V/TiO₂. Rh/TiO₂ catalyst exhibited > 99 % ethane conversion, 36 % and 61 % yields of H₂ and CO, respectively, at 650 °C and CO₂/ethane ratio of 5.0. The high conversion of ethane was mainly attributed to the enhanced dispersion of Rh oxides on the TiO₂ support coupled with the balanced surface acidic and basic sites. The Rh catalyst facilitated CC bond dissociation of ethane thereby forming methyl intermediates which then reacted with adsorbed CO₂, thereby enhancing higher syngas production during DRE reaction.

乙烷是页岩气的关键组分之一，是乙烷干重整（DRE）过程中CC键裂解制合成气（CO + H2）的重要原料。需要选择性催化剂来指导这一反应途径，以防止竞争性的CH键裂解形成乙烯。本研究采用浸渍法制备了负载在TiO2催化剂上的Fe、V、Rh氧化物。以提高对合成气（CO和H2）的选择性和减少副产物（甲烷和乙烯）的生成为主要目标，对催化剂进行了DRE测试。采用x射线衍射、扫描电镜、NH3/CO2程序升温解吸和h2 -温度程序还原对催化剂进行了表征。利用程序升温氧化法对废催化剂的焦炭含量进行了表征。在固定床反应器中，在温度500 ~ 650℃，CO2/乙烷比2:1 ~ 10:1 （mol/mol）范围内对催化剂进行了DRE反应的评价。结果表明：三种催化剂的乙烷转化率依次为Rh/TiO2 >；Fe /二氧化钛比;V /二氧化钛。Rh/TiO2催化剂表现出>；在650℃、CO2/乙烷比为5.0条件下，乙烷转化率为99%，H2和CO收率分别为36%和61%。乙烷的高转化率主要归因于Rh氧化物在TiO2载体上的分散增强以及表面酸碱位的平衡。Rh催化剂促进乙烷的CC键解离，从而形成甲基中间体，然后与吸附的CO2反应，从而在DRE反应中提高合成气产量。

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引用次数: 0

Co-digestion of filter cake, biogas effluent, and anaerobic sludge for hydrogen and methane production: Optimizing energy recovery through two-stage anaerobic digestion 协同消化滤饼、沼气废水和厌氧污泥以生产氢气和甲烷：通过两级厌氧消化优化能源回收

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100248

Worapong Wongarmat , Sureewan Sittijunda , Tsuyoshi Imai , Alissara Reungsang

This study assesses a two-stage anaerobic digestion process designed to efficiently recover energy through hydrogen and methane production by co-digesting filter cake (FC), biogas effluent (BE), and anaerobic sludge (AS) from the sugar and ethanol industry. The optimal proportions of FC, BE, and AS were determined in batch fermentation experiments using Design Expert software, which identified a suitable ratio of 31.05:28.95:0.00 (g VS/L), respectively. The results indicated that hydrogen production in the first stage could occur solely through the hydrogenic bacteria present in the BE and FC mixture, without the need for AS as an inoculum. This optimized FC:BE ratio was then applied in a semi-continuous fermentation system, achieving a hydrogen production rate of 193.6 mL H₂/L.d and a hydrogen yield of 9.8 mL H₂/g VS at an optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3 d. In the subsequent second stage, the effluent from the hydrogen reactor was used for methane production. This stage achieved a methane production rate of 422.0 mL CH₄/L·d and a methane yield of 140.2 mL CH₄/g VS, with an HRT of 20 d. Overall, the two-stage process exhibited an impressive energy output, peaking at 5.17 kJ/g VS. This suggests the potential for an annual electricity generation of 194,655 MWh and an estimated reduction of 85,668 tCO₂eq/year in greenhouse gas emissions. This study highlights the efficiency of the two-stage anaerobic digestion process for harnessing energy through the co-digestion of FC and BE, without the need for additional AS inoculum. The findings demonstrate the potential for sustainable energy recovery from industrial waste streams while mitigating environmental impacts.

本研究评估了一种两阶段厌氧消化工艺，该工艺旨在通过共消化来自糖和乙醇工业的滤饼（FC）、沼气排出物（BE）和厌氧污泥（AS），有效地通过产生氢气和甲烷来回收能量。采用Design Expert软件进行分批发酵实验，确定了FC、BE和AS的最佳配比，确定的最佳配比分别为31.05:28.95:0.00 （g VS/L）。结果表明，第一阶段的产氢可以完全通过BE和FC混合物中存在的产氢细菌进行，而不需要AS作为接种物。然后将优化后的FC:BE比例应用于半连续发酵系统，产氢率为193.6 mL H2/L。d，在最佳水力停留时间（HRT）为3 d的情况下，产氢量为9.8 mL H2/g VS。在随后的第二阶段，氢气反应器的出水用于甲烷生产。这一阶段的甲烷产率为422.0 mL CH4/L·d，甲烷产率为140.2 mL CH4/g VS， HRT为20 d。总的来说，这两阶段的过程表现出了令人印象深刻的能量输出，峰值为5.17 kJ/g VS.这表明年发电量可能达到194,655兆瓦时，温室气体排放量估计减少85,668吨二氧化碳当量/年。这项研究强调了两阶段厌氧消化过程的效率，通过FC和BE的共同消化来利用能量，而不需要额外的AS接种。研究结果表明，在减轻环境影响的同时，从工业废物流中可持续回收能源的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Polybasic organic acids controlled synthesis of Mo-V-O composite metal oxide for the catalytic conversion of glycerol 多碱性有机酸控制合成用于甘油催化转化的 Mo-V-O 复合金属氧化物

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100247

Siqi Zhang, Shuangming Li, Tianyue Su, Xiaojun Yu, Jingyi Ai, Yuanzhi Li, Sansan Yu

By introducing oxalic acid, succinic acid, and tartaric acid into the synthesis process of Mo-V-O composite metal oxides, the structure directing effect of polybasic organic acids on the crystal structure of Mo-V-O compositee metal oxide was studied. Moreover, the prepared Mo-V-O samples with different crystal phase compositions were used to the conversion of glycerol, and the effect of crystal phase structure on its catalytic performance was investigated. Results show that the crystal phase structure of Mo-V-O can be regulated by changing the type and additive amount of polybasic organic acids. The crystal phase of Mo-V-O changed from MoV₂O₈ to Mo_0.97V_0.95O₅ with the increase of succinic acid and tartaric acid. The change in the Mo-V-O crystal phase is related to the amount of organic acid and the carbon chain length. When the crystal phase is MoV₂O₈, the selectivity of acrolein and acetone is 25.7 % and 16.2 %. According to the XPS results, Mo⁶⁺ in MoV₂O₈ promoted the formation of acrolein, while Mo⁵⁺ in Mo_0.97V_0.95O₅ promoted the formation of acetone. So when the crystal phase is Mo_0.97V_0.95O₅, the selectivity of acrolein and acetone is 11.9 % and 24.6 %. Therefore, the results of catalyzing glycerol can be controlled by selecting different crystal phases.

通过将草酸、琥珀酸和酒石酸引入到Mo-V-O复合金属氧化物的合成过程中，研究了多碱性有机酸对Mo-V-O复合金属氧化物晶体结构的结构导向作用。并将制备的不同晶相组成的Mo-V-O样品用于甘油的转化，考察了晶相结构对其催化性能的影响。结果表明，通过改变多碱性有机酸的种类和添加量，可以调节Mo-V-O的晶相结构。随着琥珀酸和酒石酸含量的增加，Mo-V-O的晶相由MoV2O8变为Mo0.97V0.95O5。Mo-V-O晶相的变化与有机酸的加入量和碳链长度有关。当晶相为MoV2O8时，丙烯醛和丙酮的选择性分别为25.7%和16.2%。XPS结果表明，mo2o8中的Mo6+促进了丙烯醛的生成，Mo0.97V0.95O5中的Mo5+促进了丙酮的生成。因此，当晶相为Mo0.97V0.95O5时，丙烯醛和丙酮的选择性分别为11.9%和24.6%。因此，可以通过选择不同的晶相来控制催化甘油的结果。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrocarbon-conversion reaction and new paraffin-kinetic model during straight-run gas oil (SRGO) hydrotreating 直馏瓦斯油（SRGO）加氢处理过程中的碳氢化合物转化反应和新的石蜡动力学模型

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100246

A series of related experiments were carried out based on prepared hydrocracking catalyst, Catalyst-HC. Ni & W and USY molecular sieve were selected as the hydrogenation active component and the cracking component of Catalyst-HC, respectively. Meanwhile, a kinetic model for paraffin conversion was constructed based on paraffin conversion law. Results obtained through this work indicate that the impact of H₂-pressure is relatively complex. As the H₂-pressure changes, the degree of hydrocracking reaction may be influenced by both hydrogen supply capacity and hydrogen proton concentration. Obtained conversion priority for three types of hydrocarbons on USY molecular sieve is as follows, aromatic ≫ cycloalkane > paraffin. Aromatic content in SRGO can affect its paraffin-retention in Hydro-D. Compared with the hydrotreating of SRGO with low aromatic content, when SRGO with relatively higher aromatic content is hydrotreated, its paraffin-retention is higher and its paraffin loss is also relatively smaller. Base on constructed model, the calculated values of SRGO-BJ conversion rate and paraffin-retention in Hydro-D are within ±10 % and ±5 % error lines, respectively. Thus, model schematic diagram is reasonable and can provide modeling reference for relevant model research.

以制备的加氢裂化催化剂 Catalyst-HC 为基础，进行了一系列相关实验。选择 Ni & W 和 USY 分子筛分别作为催化剂-HC 的加氢活性组分和裂解组分。同时，根据石蜡转化规律构建了石蜡转化动力学模型。研究结果表明，H2 压力的影响相对复杂。随着氢气压力的变化，加氢裂化反应的程度可能同时受到氢气供应能力和氢质子浓度的影响。三种烃类在 USY 分子筛上的转化优先级如下：芳烃 ≫ 环烷 > 石蜡。SRGO 中的芳烃含量会影响其在 Hydro-D 中的石蜡保留率。与芳烃含量低的 SRGO 加氢处理相比，芳烃含量相对较高的 SRGO 加氢处理后，其石蜡保留率较高，石蜡损失也相对较少。根据构建的模型，SRGO-BJ 在加氢-D 中的转化率和石蜡保留率的计算值分别在 ±10 % 和 ±5 % 的误差范围内。因此，模型原理图是合理的，可为相关模型研究提供建模参考。

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引用次数: 0

The role of graphene Oxide’s aromatic rings in activated carbon made from banana leaves (ACBL) and Fe3O4 in hydrogen production 氧化石墨烯的芳香环在香蕉叶活性炭（ACBL）和 Fe3O4 制氢中的作用

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-04-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100239

Dewi Sartika , Denny Widhiyanuriyawan , Agung Sugeng Widodo , Purnami , I.N.G Wardana

Fe₃O₄ is an internal magnet that can work as a medium for the electrolyte solution in electrochemical hydrogen production to facilitate electron movement. When Fe₃O₄ is combined with activated carbon made from banana leaves (ACBL), electron transfer occurs between the ACBL aromatic ring and Fe³⁺ ions from solved Fe₃O₄, which increases the solution’s conductivity and finally produces more hydrogen. ACBL is a biomass catalyst used as a free parameter to increase the Fe₃O₄ magnetic field in the solution. The Fe₃O₄ was synthesized using the coprecipitation method, while ACBL was obtained through an activation process to produce graphene oxide. Graphene oxide in ACBL was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) EDX, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET), and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy). BET was used to determine the surface area of ACBL. Hydrogen was produced using the electrolysis method. The SEM results showed that the elemental content of graphene oxide in ACBL was 72.47 %. The graphene oxide in ACBL had a positive charge represented by a bright color on the sample surface. The positive charge was due to the FTIR O-H and C-O groups working with Fe₃O₄. BET analysis showed that the average pore diameter of ACBL was 1.68 nm. The largest hydrogen production results were obtained at ACBL 200 mesh, which was 15.5 ml. ACBL from abundant biomass has magnetic and electrical potential within its aromatic ring. As the aromatic ring interacts with the magnetic field of Fe₃O₄, the electromagnetic field of the solution is strengthened. As a result, hydrogen production increases.

Fe3O4是一种内部磁铁，在电化学制氢过程中可以作为电解质溶液的介质，促进电子的运动。当Fe3O4与香蕉叶活性炭（ACBL）结合时，ACBL芳香环与溶解的Fe3O4中的Fe3+离子之间发生电子转移，提高了溶液的电导率，最终产生更多的氢。ACBL是一种生物质催化剂，用作增加溶液中Fe3O4磁场的自由参数。采用共沉淀法合成Fe3O4，采用活化法制备ACBL，制备氧化石墨烯。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、EDX、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）、布鲁诺尔、埃米特和泰勒（BET）以及透射电子显微镜（TEM）对ACBL中的氧化石墨烯进行了表征。采用BET法测定ACBL的表面积。氢是用电解法制得的。SEM结果表明，ACBL中氧化石墨烯元素含量为72.47%。ACBL中的氧化石墨烯带正电荷，样品表面呈现明亮的颜色。正电荷是由于FTIR O-H和C-O基团与Fe3O4作用。BET分析显示，ACBL的平均孔径为1.68 nm。在ACBL 200目时产氢量最大，为15.5 ml。来自丰富生物质的ACBL在其芳香环内具有磁性和电势。芳香环与Fe3O4磁场相互作用时，溶液的电磁场增强。结果，氢气产量增加。

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引用次数: 0

A non-aseptic bioprocess for production and recovery of 2,3-butanediol via conversion of crude glycerol and corn steep liquor at pilot-scale 通过中试规模的粗甘油和玉米浸出液转化生产和回收 2,3-丁二醇的非无菌生物工艺

IF 6.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Carbon Resources Conversion

Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100242

Dimitris Karayannis , Nikos Angelou , Gabriel Vasilakis , Ioannis Charisteidis , Alexandros Litinas , Seraphim Papanikolaou

The production and recovery of 2,3-butanediol (BDO) through biodiesel derived glycerol valorization by Klebsiella oxytoca ACA-DC 1581 was holistically optimized with regard to the efficiency and cost of the bioprocess. The absence of thermal treatment of the substrate had no negative effect upon the growth of microorganism and the bioconversion of crude glycerol into BDO, enabling the development of a non-aseptic and lower-cost bioprocess. Both digestate and corn steep liquor (CSL), the main by-products of the biogas and corn industries respectively, successfully served as the sole source of nitrogen, contributing to the complete replacement of more expensive sources (e.g., yeast extract). The biochemical pathway of glycerol catabolism was examined under varying concentrations of dissolved oxygen and BDO production was optimized in a fully aerobic environment (volumetric mass transfer coefficient; k_La = 70.5 1/h.) The glycerol consumption rate was 2.80 g/L/h, the BDO productivity reached 1.12 g/L/h and the yield of BDO produced per unit of glycerol consumed was 0.46 g/g, with these values being among the highest ones reported in the literature for wild-type strains cultivated on crude glycerol. In all fed-batch fermentations, final BDO and acetoin concentration reached ∼80 g/L, while a plateau was observed at ∼68 g/L of BDO. Finally, the culture was carried out efficiently in the pilot-scale reactor (250 L). The salting-out extraction (SOE), consisting of ethanol (24 %) and K₂HPO₄ (25 %), recovered 91.7 % of BDO from the fermentation medium and was studied for the first time in a glycerol-based medium. The study suggests the potential industrialization of the bioprocess through sustainable, pilot-scale and low-cost bioconversion of biodiesel-derived crude glycerol and CSL or digestate into BDO.

从效率和成本两方面全面优化了由氧化克雷伯菌ACA-DC 1581制备生物柴油衍生甘油的工艺。没有热处理的底物对微生物的生长和粗甘油转化为BDO没有负面影响，使得开发一种非无菌和低成本的生物工艺成为可能。沼液和玉米浆（CSL）分别是沼气工业和玉米工业的主要副产品，它们成功地作为氮的唯一来源，有助于完全取代更昂贵的来源（如酵母提取物）。研究了不同溶解氧浓度下甘油分解代谢的生化途径，并在全有氧环境下优化了BDO的生成(体积传质系数；kLa = 70.5 1/h。)甘油消耗速率为2.80 g/L/h， BDO产量为1.12 g/L/h，单位甘油消耗产生的BDO产量为0.46 g/g，这些数值是文献报道的以粗甘油培养的野生型菌株中最高的。在所有补料间歇发酵中，最终的BDO和乙酰酶浓度达到~ 80 g/L，而在BDO的~ 68 g/L时观察到一个平台。最后，在250 L的中试反应器中进行了高效的培养。由乙醇（24%）和K2HPO4（25%）组成的盐析萃取（SOE）从发酵培养基中回收了91.7%的BDO，并首次在甘油基培养基中进行了研究。该研究表明，通过可持续、中试规模和低成本的生物转化，将生物柴油衍生的粗甘油和CSL或消化物转化为BDO，可以实现生物工艺的工业化。

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