Pub Date : 2021-09-27DOI: 10.30442/ahr.0703-07-138
O. Okunye, B. Okanlawon, P. Idowu, O. Adeleye, O. Fasuyi
Background: Sorghum is a nutrient-rich grain ground into flour to make different types of delicacies, and it has been reported to possess probiotic potentials. Objective: To assess the antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus plantarum obtained from sorghum slurry on strains of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli from cases of diarrhoea. Methods: A total of 36 samples of wet-milled sorghum slurry and liquor pH were obtained and cultured on MRSA and were, after that, biochemically characterized for Lactobacillus plantarum, which was tested by agar well diffusion against 15 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from cases of diarrhoea. Results: Microbiological analysis of the 36 samples of sorghum explored produced 15 isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum. A progressive increase in acidity in relation to an increase in the period of fermentation was observed. Ninety-five per cent of the Escherichia coli strains showed resistance against some standard antibiotics. At the same time, the isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum obtained inhibited isolates of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli tested, showing potential usefulness of the sorghum slurry as a probiotic. Conclusion: The inhibitory activity of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from sorghum slurry showed antimicrobial potentials that could be used for therapeutic purposes in treating diarrhoea caused by Escherichia coli, pending further investigation.
{"title":"Assessment of the Antimicrobial Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Sorghum Slurry on Clinical Strains of Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli","authors":"O. Okunye, B. Okanlawon, P. Idowu, O. Adeleye, O. Fasuyi","doi":"10.30442/ahr.0703-07-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30442/ahr.0703-07-138","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sorghum is a nutrient-rich grain ground into flour to make different types of delicacies, and it has been reported to possess probiotic potentials. \u0000Objective: To assess the antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus plantarum obtained from sorghum slurry on strains of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli from cases of diarrhoea. \u0000Methods: A total of 36 samples of wet-milled sorghum slurry and liquor pH were obtained and cultured on MRSA and were, after that, biochemically characterized for Lactobacillus plantarum, which was tested by agar well diffusion against 15 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from cases of diarrhoea. \u0000Results: Microbiological analysis of the 36 samples of sorghum explored produced 15 isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum. A progressive increase in acidity in relation to an increase in the period of fermentation was observed. Ninety-five per cent of the Escherichia coli strains showed resistance against some standard antibiotics. At the same time, the isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum obtained inhibited isolates of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli tested, showing potential usefulness of the sorghum slurry as a probiotic. \u0000Conclusion: The inhibitory activity of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from sorghum slurry showed antimicrobial potentials that could be used for therapeutic purposes in treating diarrhoea caused by Escherichia coli, pending further investigation.","PeriodicalId":52960,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49641748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.30442/AHR.0702-03-122
J. Ogunkoya, A. Oluwole, B. Adefuye, A. Adebola-Yusuf, O. Ehioghae
Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a disease associated with high morbidity and mortality in the more technically advanced western world. However, in Africa and Nigeria in particular, the burden of PE is largely poorly defined as few data are available. Objectives: To characterize the clinical profile, management and outcomes in PE patients confirmed with Computerized Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria. The medical records of PE patients confirmed by CTPA and admitted to the intensive care unit of the hospital spanning July 2016 to June 2020 were retrieved for analysis. Results: Thirty-one patients with the age range of 26 to 93 years were included and the mean age was 55.5±18.5 years. Breathlessness was the most prevalent presenting symptom. In the majority of patients (48.4%), the risk factors were not known. However, the most common risk factor and co-morbidity was pregnancy (16.1%). The in-hospital mortality rate was 9.7%. Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of PE in this cohort were similar to those described in the literature. The high mortality rate in this study also underscores the need for large population studies in black Africans.
{"title":"Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism: A Retrospective Study in a Nigerian Private Tertiary Hospital","authors":"J. Ogunkoya, A. Oluwole, B. Adefuye, A. Adebola-Yusuf, O. Ehioghae","doi":"10.30442/AHR.0702-03-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30442/AHR.0702-03-122","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a disease associated with high morbidity and mortality in the more technically advanced western world. However, in Africa and Nigeria in particular, the burden of PE is largely poorly defined as few data are available. \u0000Objectives: To characterize the clinical profile, management and outcomes in PE patients confirmed with Computerized Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA). \u0000Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria. The medical records of PE patients confirmed by CTPA and admitted to the intensive care unit of the hospital spanning July 2016 to June 2020 were retrieved for analysis. \u0000Results: Thirty-one patients with the age range of 26 to 93 years were included and the mean age was 55.5±18.5 years. Breathlessness was the most prevalent presenting symptom. In the majority of patients (48.4%), the risk factors were not known. However, the most common risk factor and co-morbidity was pregnancy (16.1%). The in-hospital mortality rate was 9.7%. \u0000Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of PE in this cohort were similar to those described in the literature. The high mortality rate in this study also underscores the need for large population studies in black Africans.","PeriodicalId":52960,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45961250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-03DOI: 10.30442/AHR.0701-08-117
PO Ubuane, M. Salisu, A. Oyinlade, A. Akinola
Infantile masturbation is a benign, paroxysmal, non-epileptic condition with stereotypic stiffening of the body/limbs, copulatory-like thrusting/rocking of the pelvis and somatosensory symptoms. It usually occurs without direct genital stimulation thus, making it easily misdiagnosed as epilepsy. A 12-month-old girl presented with a one-month history of 'jerking' with no fever or altered consciousness. The event usually stopped with distraction. The frequency and duration of events worsened progressively. Epilepsy was suspected initially but a subsequent review of a video recording showed a conscious female child with intermittent rhythmic rocking/thrusting of the pelvis while lying prone, making epilepsy unlikely. Infantile masturbation was diagnosed and the parents were counselled on behavioural therapy (distractions). The frequency and duration of the events progressively declined until complete resolution by six years of age. The characteristics of the events remained similar overtime except for occasional tucking of her clothes into her vagina at age five years. This report is accompanied by a review of the relevant literature on infantile masturbation.
{"title":"Infantile Masturbation in a Nigerian Child: A Case Report of a Rare Seizure Mimic","authors":"PO Ubuane, M. Salisu, A. Oyinlade, A. Akinola","doi":"10.30442/AHR.0701-08-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30442/AHR.0701-08-117","url":null,"abstract":"Infantile masturbation is a benign, paroxysmal, non-epileptic condition with stereotypic stiffening of the body/limbs, copulatory-like thrusting/rocking of the pelvis and somatosensory symptoms. It usually occurs without direct genital stimulation thus, making it easily misdiagnosed as epilepsy. A 12-month-old girl presented with a one-month history of 'jerking' with no fever or altered consciousness. The event usually stopped with distraction. The frequency and duration of events worsened progressively. Epilepsy was suspected initially but a subsequent review of a video recording showed a conscious female child with intermittent rhythmic rocking/thrusting of the pelvis while lying prone, making epilepsy unlikely. Infantile masturbation was diagnosed and the parents were counselled on behavioural therapy (distractions). The frequency and duration of the events progressively declined until complete resolution by six years of age. The characteristics of the events remained similar overtime except for occasional tucking of her clothes into her vagina at age five years. This report is accompanied by a review of the relevant literature on infantile masturbation.","PeriodicalId":52960,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49572416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-03DOI: 10.30442/AHR.0701-01-110
A. Adekoya, M. Fetuga, C. Jean-Pierre, A. Adekoya, E. D. Ajibola
Background: When standard instruments are unavailable for clitoral length measurement, improvisation with locally available tools could be of diagnostic value. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine how the clitoral length measured with a wooden spatula compared to that measured with a caliper. Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study. Three hundred and five term female infants were recruited from multiple health facilities in Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. The clitoral length was measured with a sliding digital caliper and a wooden spatula (tongue depressor). All the measurements were taken within the first 72 hours of life and comparative analysis was carried out. Results: The mean (± SD) clitoral length using the sliding digital caliper and the spatula were 6.7 ± 1.6 mm and 6.5 ± 1.8 mm respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean values of both measurements (t = 1.369, p = 0.171). Pearson’s correlation showed that both variables were significantly correlated (r = 0.693, p < 0.001) and the spatula length was a moderate predictor of the caliper length (Coefficient of determination [R2] = 0.48 and p < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the determination of clitoral length using a spatula, commonly found in all community settings, is similar to determination of clitoral length using a digital caliper, most often used for clinical research.
{"title":"Comparative study of neonatal clitoral length measurement using calliper and spatula","authors":"A. Adekoya, M. Fetuga, C. Jean-Pierre, A. Adekoya, E. D. Ajibola","doi":"10.30442/AHR.0701-01-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30442/AHR.0701-01-110","url":null,"abstract":"Background: When standard instruments are unavailable for clitoral length measurement, improvisation with locally available tools could be of diagnostic value.\u0000\u0000Objective: The objective of this study was to determine how the clitoral length measured with a wooden spatula compared to that measured with a caliper.\u0000\u0000Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study. Three hundred and five term female infants were recruited from multiple health facilities in Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. The clitoral length was measured with a sliding digital caliper and a wooden spatula (tongue depressor). All the measurements were taken within the first 72 hours of life and comparative analysis was carried out.\u0000\u0000Results: The mean (± SD) clitoral length using the sliding digital caliper and the spatula were 6.7 ± 1.6 mm and 6.5 ± 1.8 mm respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean values of both measurements (t = 1.369, p = 0.171). Pearson’s correlation showed that both variables were significantly correlated (r = 0.693, p < 0.001) and the spatula length was a moderate predictor of the caliper length (Coefficient of determination [R2] = 0.48 and p < 0.001).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the determination of clitoral length using a spatula, commonly found in all community settings, is similar to determination of clitoral length using a digital caliper, most often used for clinical research.","PeriodicalId":52960,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44173481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Nauclea latifolia Smith (Rubiaceae) is a valuable medicinal plant used in folkloric medicine in the treatment of Typhoid fever. The public health significance of Salmonella typhi, the aetiologic agent in typhoid fever lies in the increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents. Objectives: To determine the antimicrobial potentials of the crude extracts of the leaves of Nauclea latifolia on clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi compared with some conventional antibiotics. Methods: Antibiogram was carried out on 25 biochemically confirmed clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi using disc diffusion method of Kirby Bauer. Nauclea latifolia leaves extracted with ethyl acetate and methanol in a Soxhlet apparatus were screened for secondary metabolites. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extracts were determined by agar dilution method on the isolates. Results: The antibiogram of Samonella typhi showed the following resistance patterns: Augmentin® (24.0%), amoxicillin (44.0%), chloramphenicol (32.0%), gentamicin (20.0%), cloxacillin (96.0%), ciprofloxacin (8.0%), erythromycin (60.0%), tetracycline (32.0%) and cotrimoxazole (60.0%). The extracts showed good antibacterial activity on the clinical isolates including those resistant to antibiotics. The MIC of methanol extract ranged from1.56mg/ml to 6.25mg/ml and 3.13mg/ml to 25.0 mg/ml for ethyl acetate extract with exception of isolates 11, 12, 19 and 20 with high MIC values as 50mg/ml. The methanol and ethyl acetate extracts gave a yield of 11.7% and 3.5% respectively. Bioactive secondary metabolites were detected from the extracts. Conclusion: The crude extracts of the leaves of Nauclea latifolia contained antimicrobial agents that were active on Salmonella typhi which could be used alone and in supportive with conventional antibiotics for therapeutic management of typhoid fever.
{"title":"Antibacterial activity of crude extracts of the leaves of Nauclea latifolia Smith (Rubiaceae) and some selected conventional antibiotics on clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi","authors":"O. Okunye, P. Idowu, T. Kolade","doi":"10.30442/ahr.0603-02-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30442/ahr.0603-02-88","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nauclea latifolia Smith (Rubiaceae) is a valuable medicinal plant used in folkloric medicine in the treatment of Typhoid fever. The public health significance of Salmonella typhi, the aetiologic agent in typhoid fever lies in the increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents. Objectives: To determine the antimicrobial potentials of the crude extracts of the leaves of Nauclea latifolia on clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi compared with some conventional antibiotics. Methods: Antibiogram was carried out on 25 biochemically confirmed clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi using disc diffusion method of Kirby Bauer. Nauclea latifolia leaves extracted with ethyl acetate and methanol in a Soxhlet apparatus were screened for secondary metabolites. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extracts were determined by agar dilution method on the isolates. Results: The antibiogram of Samonella typhi showed the following resistance patterns: Augmentin® (24.0%), amoxicillin (44.0%), chloramphenicol (32.0%), gentamicin (20.0%), cloxacillin (96.0%), ciprofloxacin (8.0%), erythromycin (60.0%), tetracycline (32.0%) and cotrimoxazole (60.0%). The extracts showed good antibacterial activity on the clinical isolates including those resistant to antibiotics. The MIC of methanol extract ranged from1.56mg/ml to 6.25mg/ml and 3.13mg/ml to 25.0 mg/ml for ethyl acetate extract with exception of isolates 11, 12, 19 and 20 with high MIC values as 50mg/ml. The methanol and ethyl acetate extracts gave a yield of 11.7% and 3.5% respectively. Bioactive secondary metabolites were detected from the extracts. Conclusion: The crude extracts of the leaves of Nauclea latifolia contained antimicrobial agents that were active on Salmonella typhi which could be used alone and in supportive with conventional antibiotics for therapeutic management of typhoid fever.","PeriodicalId":52960,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48092671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Children infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) can be rapid progressors or be at the end of the spectrum of the illness as Long-term Non-progressors (LTNPs). Long term non-progressors are patients who never received Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) during the first decade of life and are maintaining good CD4+ count associated with declining HIV RNA values. The literature on paediatric patients with LTNP infection is sparse. An adolescent with HIV LTNP and likely vertical transmission of HIV is presented in this report. She presented with chronic cough, severe anaemia and dyspnea. She was wasted with bodyweight less than the 5th centile for age. She was not sexually active and had no history of blood transfusion, scarification, incisions or sharing of sharp grooming objects. The results of investigations suggested pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV infection. Her CD4 count was 42%. She was commenced on HAART and subsequently, anti-tuberculosis medications according to NTBLCP/DOTS Programme with improvement in symptoms and appreciable weight gain. Therefore routine voluntary HIV testing is recommended for all paediatric admission after consent or assent is obtained bearing in mind that a small subset of patients may fall into the LTNPs population.
{"title":"A Nigerian adolescent with Long term Non-progressive HIV-infection: A case report","authors":"M. Ogundeyi, O. Oba-Daini, UP Adeniyi, BI Adenuga","doi":"10.30442/ahr.0602-13-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30442/ahr.0602-13-86","url":null,"abstract":"Children infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) can be rapid progressors or be at the end of the spectrum of the illness as Long-term Non-progressors (LTNPs). Long term non-progressors are patients who never received Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) during the first decade of life and are maintaining good CD4+ count associated with declining HIV RNA values. The literature on paediatric patients with LTNP infection is sparse. An adolescent with HIV LTNP and likely vertical transmission of HIV is presented in this report. She presented with chronic cough, severe anaemia and dyspnea. She was wasted with bodyweight less than the 5th centile for age. She was not sexually active and had no history of blood transfusion, scarification, incisions or sharing of sharp grooming objects. The results of investigations suggested pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV infection. Her CD4 count was 42%. She was commenced on HAART and subsequently, anti-tuberculosis medications according to NTBLCP/DOTS Programme with improvement in symptoms and appreciable weight gain. Therefore routine voluntary HIV testing is recommended for all paediatric admission after consent or assent is obtained bearing in mind that a small subset of patients may fall into the LTNPs population.","PeriodicalId":52960,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46709907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Globally, there has been an overall decline in the effectiveness of antibiotics resulting in an upsurge in bacterial resistance, increased cost of healthcare and consequent high morbidity and mortality rates. Objective: To determine antibiotic prescription practices among healthcare workers at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Mbagathi, Pumwani Maternity and Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospitals, Nairobi, Kenya. Methods: The study design was a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods. Self-administered questionnaires were used to gather information from 230 prescribing healthcare workers. Interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted purposively with the prescribing healthcare workers and patients to obtain qualitative data. Results: There was a significant difference in the distribution of study participants with regards to the availability of antibiotics prescribing policy (p = 0.05). Only 53 (23%) prescribers prescribed antibiotics as per the policy guide while 51 (22.2%) did not and 126 (54.8%) were not sure. Oral antibiotics (OR = 0.5, 95%CI 0.3-0.9), always referring to the 2016 Kenya Essential Medicines List (KEML) to prescribe antibiotics (OR = 4.2, 95%CI 1.3-13.1), separating antibiograms for inpatient and outpatient departments (OR = 4.3, 95%CI 1.11-15.5), and confidence of healthcare workers to prescribe antibiotics without laboratory tests (OR = 0.3, 95%CI 0.2-0.8) were associated with the prescription of antibiotics. Conclusion: There is need to improve antibiotic prescription practices among healthcare workers in public tertiary hospitals in Nairobi County to promote rational antibiotic use and control bacterial resistance.
{"title":"Factors associated with antibiotic prescription among healthcare workers at tertiary hospitals in Nairobi County, Kenya","authors":"OW Mbuthia, EN Ndonga, SO Odiwour, M. Muraguri","doi":"10.30442/ahr.0602-05-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30442/ahr.0602-05-78","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Globally, there has been an overall decline in the effectiveness of antibiotics resulting in an upsurge in bacterial resistance, increased cost of healthcare and consequent high morbidity and mortality rates. \u0000Objective: To determine antibiotic prescription practices among healthcare workers at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Mbagathi, Pumwani Maternity and Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospitals, Nairobi, Kenya. \u0000Methods: The study design was a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods. Self-administered questionnaires were used to gather information from 230 prescribing healthcare workers. Interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted purposively with the prescribing healthcare workers and patients to obtain qualitative data. \u0000Results: There was a significant difference in the distribution of study participants with regards to the availability of antibiotics prescribing policy (p = 0.05). Only 53 (23%) prescribers prescribed antibiotics as per the policy guide while 51 (22.2%) did not and 126 (54.8%) were not sure. Oral antibiotics (OR = 0.5, 95%CI 0.3-0.9), always referring to the 2016 Kenya Essential Medicines List (KEML) to prescribe antibiotics (OR = 4.2, 95%CI 1.3-13.1), separating antibiograms for inpatient and outpatient departments (OR = 4.3, 95%CI 1.11-15.5), and confidence of healthcare workers to prescribe antibiotics without laboratory tests (OR = 0.3, 95%CI 0.2-0.8) were associated with the prescription of antibiotics. \u0000Conclusion: There is need to improve antibiotic prescription practices among healthcare workers in public tertiary hospitals in Nairobi County to promote rational antibiotic use and control bacterial resistance.","PeriodicalId":52960,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47283284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Nwokoro, B. Ayoade, B. Salami, O. Fatungase, A. Olatunji, Ea Emmanuel
Background: The initial management of a new born baby with anorectal malformation could be made only after an accurate determination of the level of the anomaly. Objective: To determine the accuracy of lateral invertogram in diagnosing and classifying anorectal anomalies. Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out between January 2003 and December 2013. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of lateral invertogram in diagnosing and classifying anorectal malformations in the cases studied were determined. Results: A total of 62 children with anorectal malformations patients were seen during the study period. The age range was 4 hours to 6 years. A total of 50 (80.6%) had lateral invertogram while only 39 films of lateral invertogram were available for analysis. A total of 22 patients had high anomalies while 12 patients had low anomalies. The accuracy of lateral invertogram in identifying anorectal anomaly was 100% and its ability to differentiate between high and low anomalies was 76.5%. The Sensitivity in identifying high anomalies was 59% while the specificity was 31.8%. The sensitivity in identifying low lying lesions was 66.5% while the specificity was 50%. Conclusion: The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of lateral invertogramin diagnosing and classifying anorectal malformations were found to be satisfactory in the present study.
{"title":"Accuracy of Lateral Invertogram in diagnosing and classifying anorectal malformations","authors":"C. Nwokoro, B. Ayoade, B. Salami, O. Fatungase, A. Olatunji, Ea Emmanuel","doi":"10.30442/0601-06-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30442/0601-06-66","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The initial management of a new born baby with anorectal malformation could be made only after an accurate determination of the level of the anomaly. \u0000\u0000Objective: To determine the accuracy of lateral invertogram in diagnosing and classifying anorectal anomalies.\u0000\u0000Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out between January 2003 and December 2013. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of lateral invertogram in diagnosing and classifying anorectal malformations in the cases studied were determined.\u0000\u0000Results: A total of 62 children with anorectal malformations patients were seen during the study period. The age range was 4 hours to 6 years. A total of 50 (80.6%) had lateral invertogram while only 39 films of lateral invertogram were available for analysis. A total of 22 patients had high anomalies while 12 patients had low anomalies. The accuracy of lateral invertogram in identifying anorectal anomaly was 100% and its ability to differentiate between high and low anomalies was 76.5%. The Sensitivity in identifying high anomalies was 59% while the specificity was 31.8%. The sensitivity in identifying low lying lesions was 66.5% while the specificity was 50%.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of lateral invertogramin diagnosing and classifying anorectal malformations were found to be satisfactory in the present study.","PeriodicalId":52960,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Health Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44685492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The outcome of studies on the effect of patients’ factors, dental factors and operative factors on postoperative sequelae following surgical extraction of lower third molar have been unequivocal. Objective: To determine the effect of surgical difficulty (using Pederson’s scale), Body Mass Index (BMI) and operative time on the extent of post-operative pain, swelling and trismus following third molar surgery. Methods: The study was a prospective analytical study of the effect of surgical difficulty, BMI, age and operative time – Total Intervention Time (TIT) - on the extent of post-operative pain, swelling and trismus. Eighty-four subjects with surgical extraction of impacted lower third molar were studied. All the subjects had a standard Peri-apical radiograph through which the difficulty index was calculated for all third molars using the Pederson scale. Anthropometric vertical and horizontal facial measurements and pain measurement were taken pre-operatively and post-operatively on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. Results: Of the 84 subjects, 16 (19%) were males, while 68 (81%) were females in the ratio of 1:4.2. BMI showed a positive correlation with all the three variables and was significant for swelling on the post-operative days assessed while TIT showed a negative correlation with most of the variables and was significant for trismus. Conclusion: This study showed that age and operative time might have an inverse relationship with the common post-operative complications after lower third molar surgery and BMI might influence the extent of these complications.
背景:关于患者因素、牙体因素和手术因素对下第三磨牙拔除术后后遗症影响的研究结果是明确的。目的:探讨手术难度(Pederson 's scale)、体重指数(BMI)和手术时间对第三磨牙术后疼痛、肿胀和牙关程度的影响。方法:采用前瞻性分析研究手术难度、BMI、年龄、手术时间(Total Intervention time, TIT)对术后疼痛、肿胀、牙关程度的影响。对84例手术拔除阻生下第三磨牙的患者进行了研究。所有受试者都有标准的根尖周围x线片，通过该x线片使用Pederson量表计算所有第三磨牙的难度指数。分别于术前、术后第1、3、5、7天进行面部垂直、水平测量和疼痛测量。结果:84例患者中，男性16例(19%)，女性68例(81%)，比例为1:4.2。BMI与所有三个变量均呈正相关，并且在评估的术后肿胀天数中具有显著性，而TIT与大多数变量呈负相关，并且在唇腭裂中具有显著性。结论:年龄和手术时间与下第三磨牙术后常见并发症呈反比关系，BMI可能影响这些并发症的发生程度。
{"title":"Comparison of operative ‘difficulty’ with post-operative sequelae in lower third molar surgery","authors":"A. Adetayo, M. Adetayo, M. Somoye, M. Adeyemi","doi":"10.30442/AHR.0501-8-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30442/AHR.0501-8-38","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The outcome of studies on the effect of patients’ factors, dental factors and operative factors on postoperative sequelae following surgical extraction of lower third molar have been unequivocal. Objective: To determine the effect of surgical difficulty (using Pederson’s scale), Body Mass Index (BMI) and operative time on the extent of post-operative pain, swelling and trismus following third molar surgery. Methods: The study was a prospective analytical study of the effect of surgical difficulty, BMI, age and operative time – Total Intervention Time (TIT) - on the extent of post-operative pain, swelling and trismus. Eighty-four subjects with surgical extraction of impacted lower third molar were studied. All the subjects had a standard Peri-apical radiograph through which the difficulty index was calculated for all third molars using the Pederson scale. Anthropometric vertical and horizontal facial measurements and pain measurement were taken pre-operatively and post-operatively on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. Results: Of the 84 subjects, 16 (19%) were males, while 68 (81%) were females in the ratio of 1:4.2. BMI showed a positive correlation with all the three variables and was significant for swelling on the post-operative days assessed while TIT showed a negative correlation with most of the variables and was significant for trismus. Conclusion: This study showed that age and operative time might have an inverse relationship with the common post-operative complications after lower third molar surgery and BMI might influence the extent of these complications.","PeriodicalId":52960,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42600816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Adegoke, J. B. Elusiyan, J. Owa, P. Obiajunwa, Tewogbade Adeoye Adedeji, A. Phillips
Background: Vitamin D is partly responsible for maintaining calcium and phosphate homeostasis but has been shown to have immune modulatory functions. Objective: To measure serum levels of vitamin D, and plasma levels of calcium and phosphate in children with pneumonia and compare with those of apparently healthy controls. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving seventy-six children with pneumonia, matched with 76 apparently healthy controls. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the mean serum vitamin D levels between the cases and the controls (t = 1.190, p = 0.236). The mean serum vitamin D level was significantly higher in children with non-severe pneumonia than in those with severe pneumonia (t = 3.299, p = .002). The mean serum vitamin D level was higher among the controls than those with severe pneumonia (t = 2.674, p = 0.009). The mean plasma calcium and phosphate levels in the controls were significantly higher than in the cases (t = 2.528, p = .013 and t = 4.594, p < .001 respectively). Plasma calcium and phosphate levels did not vary with the severity of pneumonia. Pneumonia was independently associated with the occurrence of hypocalcaemia and hypophosphataemia (OR = 4.366, 95% CI = 1.851-10.295, p = 0.001; OR = 7.355, 95% CI = 1.545-35.027, p = 0.01 respectively). Conclusion: Children with severe pneumonia had lower levels of vitamin D than those with the non-severe disease. Derangements in plasma levels of calcium and phosphate are common in children with pneumonia, and these abnormalities occur independently of low vitamin D levels.
{"title":"Serum Vitamin D, Calcium and Phosphate among children with pneumonia","authors":"O. Adegoke, J. B. Elusiyan, J. Owa, P. Obiajunwa, Tewogbade Adeoye Adedeji, A. Phillips","doi":"10.30442/AHR.0501-10-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30442/AHR.0501-10-40","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vitamin D is partly responsible for maintaining calcium and phosphate homeostasis but has been shown to have immune modulatory functions. Objective: To measure serum levels of vitamin D, and plasma levels of calcium and phosphate in children with pneumonia and compare with those of apparently healthy controls. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving seventy-six children with pneumonia, matched with 76 apparently healthy controls. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the mean serum vitamin D levels between the cases and the controls (t = 1.190, p = 0.236). The mean serum vitamin D level was significantly higher in children with non-severe pneumonia than in those with severe pneumonia (t = 3.299, p = .002). The mean serum vitamin D level was higher among the controls than those with severe pneumonia (t = 2.674, p = 0.009). The mean plasma calcium and phosphate levels in the controls were significantly higher than in the cases (t = 2.528, p = .013 and t = 4.594, p < .001 respectively). Plasma calcium and phosphate levels did not vary with the severity of pneumonia. Pneumonia was independently associated with the occurrence of hypocalcaemia and hypophosphataemia (OR = 4.366, 95% CI = 1.851-10.295, p = 0.001; OR = 7.355, 95% CI = 1.545-35.027, p = 0.01 respectively). Conclusion: Children with severe pneumonia had lower levels of vitamin D than those with the non-severe disease. Derangements in plasma levels of calcium and phosphate are common in children with pneumonia, and these abnormalities occur independently of low vitamin D levels.","PeriodicalId":52960,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45189736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：