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coronelism of Victor Nunes Leal and the conservative modernization 维克多·努涅斯·列尔的加冕主义与保守主义现代化
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.32361/2023150216566
Juliana Leme Faleiros, Silvio Almeida
The Brazilian State has, in its formation, peculiar characteristics that somehow can still be detected. Among them, there is patrimonialism, i.e., the disregard for the separation between public and private. In spite of the current understanding that this form of State was superseded with Getúlio Vargas, this paper proposes an understanding that signs of patrimonialism persist and can be related to the category of conservative modernization. One of the celebrated works of the Brazilian sociopolitical thought that concerns patrimonialism is Coronelismo, enxada e voto: o município e o regime representativo no Brasil, by Victor Nunes Leal. By this book, there could be further investigation on how it is possible to apprehend the process of conservative modernization. The methodology was literature review, reaching, at the end, the understanding that Leal’s work is revealing in the way Brazil was modernized and how the State was consolidated.
巴西国家在其形成过程中具有某种奇特的特点,至今仍可被发现。其中,有世袭主义,即不顾公私分离。尽管目前的理解是,这种形式的国家被Getúlio巴尔加斯所取代,但本文提出了一种理解,即世袭主义的迹象仍然存在,并且可能与保守现代化的范畴有关。关于世袭主义的巴西社会政治思想的著名作品之一是维克多·努涅斯·勒尔(Victor Nunes Leal)的《Coronelismo, enxada e voto: o município巴西政权代表》。通过这本书,可以进一步研究如何理解保守主义现代化的过程。方法是文献回顾,最后得出的理解是,Leal的工作揭示了巴西现代化的方式以及国家如何巩固。
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引用次数: 0
Liberdade de expressão e hate speech no estado democrático de direito 民主法治下的言论自由和仇恨言论
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.32361/2023150216556
Alessandro Gonçalves da Paixão, Debora Pereira Silva, Nuria Micheline Meneses Cabral
O artigo analisa a relação entre Liberdade de Expressão e Discurso de Ódio, tema objeto de intensos debates em Cortes Constitucionais. Apesar da controvérsia sobre a matéria, predominam os seguintes entendimentos. O primeiro defende a supremacia da Liberdade de Expressão atuando na apresentação e seleção de ideias, ainda que estas não sejam aceitas pela coletividade, e fortalecendo o debate democrático. Já no segundo entendimento, a dignidade humana prevalece sobre a liberdade de expressão, rechaçando-se qualquer discurso de intolerância. A comunicação seria balizada pela dignidade humana inscrita nas normas constitucionais. Nota-se que da análise dos dois direitos fundamentais se obtêm múltiplas interpretações. Logo, toda cautela é necessária na limitação de direitos fundamentais, pois embora os bens possam estar em aparente conflito, é pacífico que a liberdade e a dignidade são relevantes para o cenário democrático-constitucional.
本文分析了言论自由与仇恨言论之间的关系,这是宪法法院激烈辩论的主题。尽管在这个问题上存在争议,但以下理解占主导地位。第一种是捍卫言论自由的至高无上地位,在表达和选择思想方面采取行动,即使这些思想不被社会接受,并加强民主辩论。在第二种理解中,人的尊严凌驾于言论自由之上,拒绝任何不宽容的言论。通讯将以宪法规定的人的尊严为标志。值得注意的是,对这两项基本权利的分析得到了多种解释。因此,在限制基本权利时必须谨慎,因为尽管货物可能存在明显的冲突,但自由和尊严与民主宪政的情况是和平的。
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引用次数: 0
Gadamer 伽达默尔
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.32361/2023150216557
Alysson Leandro Barbate Mascaro
Philosophy, when dealing with specific thematic objects, such as law and health, allows a better understanding of their positions and their implications. Hans-Georg Gadamer, known for his philosophy of hermeneutics, is also a key thinker of the philosophy of health. Research into his propositions about the hidden character of health and the art of healing reveals much about the existential path and its peculiar impact on contemporary philosophies.
哲学在处理诸如法律和卫生等具体主题对象时,可以更好地理解它们的立场及其影响。以解释学哲学著称的汉斯-乔治·伽达默尔也是健康哲学的重要思想家。对他关于健康和治疗艺术的隐藏特征的命题的研究揭示了许多关于存在之路及其对当代哲学的特殊影响。
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引用次数: 5
Integral protection and the counseling of vulnerabilities of children and adolescents 儿童和青少年脆弱性的整体保护和咨询
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.32361/2023150216563
Danielle Maria Espezim dos Santos, Josiane Rose Petry Veronese
Integral protection is consolidated as a Brazilian legal doctrine aimed at children and adolescents. It is configured in the elements: shared responsibility, recognition of the condition of subject, principle of absolute priority, fundamental rights, prevention of violence and peculiar condition of developing person. Although welcomed in 1988-1990, the reality of Brazilian children and adolescents still demands care. Violence against this population persists and is recognized in the country. The many forms of violence in the child and adolescent are related to the scourges of humanistic promises in general. From the tools of the critical theory of human rights it is possible to dialogue with comprehensive protection in a broader and deeper way, towards the achievement of concrete and emancipatory dignity, through consideration of vulnerabilities, both intrinsic and in others that commonly accumulate in the context of countries like Brazil (here taken as peripheral), as is the case of socioeconomic vulnerability.
综合保护作为巴西针对儿童和青少年的法律原则得到巩固。它由以下要素构成:共同责任、承认主体条件、绝对优先原则、基本权利、防止暴力和发展中的人的特殊条件。虽然1988-1990年受到欢迎,但巴西儿童和青少年的现实仍然需要照顾。针对这一人口的暴力行为持续存在,并在该国得到承认。儿童和青少年中的许多形式的暴力行为一般都与人道主义承诺的祸害有关。从人权批判理论的工具来看,有可能以更广泛和更深的方式与全面保护对话,通过考虑内在的和其他方面的脆弱性,实现具体和解放的尊严,这些脆弱性通常在巴西等国家的背景下积累(这里被视为外围),就像社会经济脆弱性的情况一样。
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引用次数: 0
Rebuilding the social function of contracts 重建契约的社会功能
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.32361/2023150216568
Nelson Rosenvald, Wagner Inácio Dias
The social function is one of the most instigating principles in contractual relations. In the social function, contractual limits become more fluid, in order to conform to social needs and expectations. With the new regulation of private relations, arising from the Economic Freedom Law (Law act 13.874/19), the economic characteristics of the social function, already covered in the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988, gained special importance. This study seeks to demonstrate how the individual and the social aspects need to work together in the new universe of private relations.
社会功能是契约关系中最具启发性的原则之一。在社会功能中,契约限制变得更加流动,以符合社会需求和期望。由于《经济自由法》(第13.874/19号法令)对私人关系作出了新的规定,1988年《巴西联邦宪法》中已经包括的社会职能的经济特征变得特别重要。这项研究旨在证明个人和社会方面如何需要在新的私人关系领域一起工作。
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引用次数: 0
Naturalization of inequality in Brazil 巴西不平等现象的归化
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.32361/2023150216560
Bruna da Penha de Mendonça Coelho, Maria da Piedade Gonçalves de Oliveira
The article establishes a dialogue between Carl Schmitt, Walter Benjamin and Giorgio Agamben’s theories, transposing them to the Brazilian social reality. The naturalization of inequality is a cruel mark of our society, and the philosophy of law contributes to a juridical approach that takes into account the social disparities. First, the state of exception will be analyzed in the light of Benjamin and Agamben’s works. Later, with Schmitt, the issue of exception will be analyzed together with the political decision, demonstrating the intrinsic connection between law and politics and the reflection of this in the worsening of social inequalities. It will be established the difference between the Schmitt’s concept of "Enemy" and the Agamben’s concept of homo sacer in the establishment of the state of exception and how the concept of "enemy" was distorted with the construction of Enemy Criminal Law’s Theory.
本文在卡尔·施密特、瓦尔特·本雅明和乔治·阿甘本的理论之间建立了对话,并将其转移到巴西的社会现实中。不平等的自然化是我们社会的一个残酷标志,法律哲学有助于制定一种考虑到社会差异的司法方法。首先,本文将结合本雅明和阿甘本的著作对例外状态进行分析。之后,Schmitt将例外问题与政治决策一起分析,展示法律与政治的内在联系,以及这种联系在社会不平等加剧中的反映。确立施密特的“敌人”概念与阿甘本的“人属”概念在例外状态的确立上的区别,以及“敌人”概念是如何随着敌人刑法理论的建构而被扭曲的。
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引用次数: 0
invention of rights and the racialization of heritage 权利的发明和遗产的种族化
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.32361/2023150216569
Paulo Fernando Soares Pereira
The article discusses how "heritage inventions" take place, as possibilities of rights, and, through this, the racialization when making these choices. With the nomination characteristic of the Law in mind, we defy its role in cultural systems that interact with patrimonialization, which usually make a distinction of the cultural heritage and practices of the hegemonic groups. In this context, the use of the law, through its nomination power, contained in the legal protection of heritage, has been one of the means used to racialize the issue and, consequently, the nation's identity and representation. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the Federal Constitution of 1988 broke with the hegemonic tradition when it allowed indigenous, Afro-Brazilians and other groups to participate in the national civilization process, by opening cracks in the monolith of the monocultural representation of the Nation in the Luso-Brazilian tradition. The methodology used was a critical review of literature.
本文讨论了“遗产发明”作为权利的可能性是如何发生的,以及在做出这些选择时的种族化。考虑到《法律》的提名特征,我们反对它在与世袭制相互作用的文化系统中的作用,世袭制通常将文化遗产和霸权集团的做法区分开来。在这方面,通过遗产的法律保护所包含的提名权力来使用法律,已成为使这一问题种族化,从而使国家的特性和代表性种族化的手段之一。最后,我们证明1988年的《联邦宪法》打破了霸权传统,允许土著、非裔巴西人和其他群体参与国家文明进程,在葡-巴西传统中单一文化的民族代表性的整体中打开了裂缝。所使用的方法是对文献的批判性回顾。
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引用次数: 0
Excludentes de responsabilidade nos acidentes de consumo provocados por carros autônomos 自动驾驶汽车引发的消费者事故不承担责任
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32361/2023150115562
Alan Araújo de Sousa
O artigo visa explorar as possíveis excludentes de responsabilidade nos acidentes de consumo provocados por carros autônomos, em virtude de falhas em seu sistema de reconhecimento provocadas por ações de terceiros, denominadas de ataques adversariais. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se em pesquisa qualitativa e bibliográfica, aplicando-se os métodos dedutivo e hipotético-dedutivo. Apresentam-se aspectos gerais dos carros autônomos e dos ataques adversariais para, em seguida, examiná-los à luz das excludentes da responsabilidade pelo fato, admitidas pelo Código de Defesa do Consumidor. Conclui-se que, a princípio, os ataques adversariais devem ser qualificados juridicamente como fortuitos internos.
本文旨在探讨自动驾驶汽车因第三方行为(称为不利攻击)导致其识别系统故障而导致的消费者事故中可能的责任免除。所使用的方法基于定性和书目研究,采用演绎和假设演绎方法。介绍了自动驾驶汽车和不良攻击的一般方面,然后根据《消费者保护法》承认的事实责任排除进行了审查。结论是,原则上,不利攻击应在法律上归类为内部偶然。
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引用次数: 0
Avós são pais duas vezes? 祖父母是父母吗?
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.32361/2023150115364
Filipe Rodrigues Garcia, Juliana de Paula Martins
O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a possibilidade da adoção avoenga, haja vista o impedimento expresso no artigo 42 §1 do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), e a a aplicação dos princípios do melhor interesse da criança e do adolescente e da dignidade da pessoa humana. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, com viés descritivo. Como método procedimental, preconizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica , por meio de obras doutrinárias, jurisprudência, artigos e a legislação pertinente. Por último, utilizou-se o método dedutivo de abordagem, partindo de uma premissa geral em busca da solução de um problema específico. Ao final da pesquisa, concluiu-se que a adoção dos netos pelos avós é possível com base no princípio do melhor interesse da criança e do adolescente e dignidade da pessoa humana. Entretanto, a adoção avoenga representa excepcionalidade no ordenamento jurídico, devendo ser aplicado conforme análise ponderada dos interesses em jogo.
鉴于《儿童和青少年法》第42条第1款所述的障碍,以及儿童和青少年最大利益和人的尊严原则的适用,本文旨在分析避免收养的可能性。进行了一项带有描述性偏见的定性研究。作为一种程序性方法,建议通过理论著作、判例、文章和相关立法进行书目研究。最后,我们采用演绎法的方法,从一个普遍的前提出发,寻找具体问题的解决方案。研究结束时得出的结论是,祖父母收养孙子孙女是可能的,这是基于儿童和青少年的最大利益以及人类尊严的原则。然而,避免收养在法律体系中属于例外,应根据对利害关系的加权分析加以适用。
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引用次数: 0
contribuições da Justiça Restaurativa no âmbito dos programas de compliance 恢复性司法在合规计划范围内的贡献
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.32361/2023150114833
Regina Celli Berardi, Linara da Silva
O presente ensaio busca demonstrar como a Justiça Restaurativa pode ser aplicada no Direito Penal Econômico enquanto ferramenta de potencialização da autorregulação ao mesmo tempo em que visa compreender como o modelo de produção normativa do Tripartism, concebido por John Braithwaite, pode legitimar um sistema de controle social alternativo fundamentado na autorregulação regulada empresarial. Para tanto, analisam-se as conexões existentes entre os Programas de Compliance e a Justiça Restaurativa, verificando quais são as suas contribuições no processo de correção dos defeitos dos Programas de Cumprimento. Com a pesquisa, foi possível perceber que a Justiça Restaurativa empresarial é uma possibilidade real e, se aplicada com cautela e controle, poderá configurar um mecanismo complementar hábil ao fortalecimento da autorregulação, instituindo uma nova cultura empresarial baseada na ética e na lealdade e, por decorrência, concedendo maior efetividade aos Programas de Compliance, sobretudo em relação às pequenas e médias empresas.
这个测试说明恢复性司法的搜索就可以被应用在刑法的经济工具导致的自我监管的同时,旨在了解Tripartism的立法模式,由约翰•布雷斯韦特,可以替代行为合法化的社会控制系统基于业务自律监管。为此,我们分析了合规程序和恢复性司法之间的联系,验证了它们在纠正合规程序缺陷过程中的贡献。和恢复性司法的研究,可以了解企业应用是一个真正的机会,如果谨慎和控制,可以配置一个补充机制上加强自律,建立新的企业文化的建立在道德和忠诚的领袖,因为最大的效用的合规计划,特别是对中小企业。
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引用次数: 0
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Revista de Direito
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