Muhammad Kamran, Mahesh Edla, A. Thabet, Mustafa Ucgul, Deguchi Mikio, V. Bui
A comprehensive model for micro-powered piezoelectric generator (PG), analysis of operation, and control of voltage doubler joule thief (VDJT) circuit to find the piezoelectric devices (PD’s) optimum functioning points are discussed in the present article. The proposed model demonstrates the power dependence of the PG on mechanical excitation, frequency, and acceleration, as well as outlines the load behaviour for optimal operation. The proposed VDJT circuit integrates the combination of voltage doubler (VD) and joule thief circuit, whereas the VD circuit works in Stage 1 for AC (alternating current)–DC (direct current) conversion, while a joule thief circuit works in Stage 2 for DC–DC conversion. The proposed circuit functions as an efficient power converter, which converts power from AC–DC and boosts the voltage from low to high without employing any additional electronic components and generating duty cycles. The electrical nature of the input (i.e., PD) of a VDJT circuit is in perfect arrangement with the investigated optimisation needs when using the proposed control circuit. The effectiveness of the proposed VDJT circuit is examined in terms of both simulation and experiment, and the results are presented. The proposed circuit’s performance was validated with available results of power electronics interfaces in the literature. The proposed circuit’s flexibility and controllability can be used for various applications, including mobile battery charging and power harvesting.
{"title":"A Self-Powered VDJT AC–DC Conversion Circuit for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Systems","authors":"Muhammad Kamran, Mahesh Edla, A. Thabet, Mustafa Ucgul, Deguchi Mikio, V. Bui","doi":"10.3390/designs7040094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7040094","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive model for micro-powered piezoelectric generator (PG), analysis of operation, and control of voltage doubler joule thief (VDJT) circuit to find the piezoelectric devices (PD’s) optimum functioning points are discussed in the present article. The proposed model demonstrates the power dependence of the PG on mechanical excitation, frequency, and acceleration, as well as outlines the load behaviour for optimal operation. The proposed VDJT circuit integrates the combination of voltage doubler (VD) and joule thief circuit, whereas the VD circuit works in Stage 1 for AC (alternating current)–DC (direct current) conversion, while a joule thief circuit works in Stage 2 for DC–DC conversion. The proposed circuit functions as an efficient power converter, which converts power from AC–DC and boosts the voltage from low to high without employing any additional electronic components and generating duty cycles. The electrical nature of the input (i.e., PD) of a VDJT circuit is in perfect arrangement with the investigated optimisation needs when using the proposed control circuit. The effectiveness of the proposed VDJT circuit is examined in terms of both simulation and experiment, and the results are presented. The proposed circuit’s performance was validated with available results of power electronics interfaces in the literature. The proposed circuit’s flexibility and controllability can be used for various applications, including mobile battery charging and power harvesting.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41943971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When a tsunami occurs, people can enter floating shelters and save their lives. Tsunami shelters consisting of thin-walled fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) spherical shells have been developed and are currently in use. In this study, a novel three-layer laminated spherical tsunami shelter and its fabrication method have been proposed as an alternative to the conventional thin-walled spherical FRP tsunami shelter. First, the inner and outer layers were made of thin-walled stainless-steel spherical shells using the integral hydro-bulge-forming (IHBF) method. The inter-layers between the inner and outer layers were filled with elastic rubber to provide a laminated spherical tsunami shelter with elastic cushioning layers. After the fabrication process was developed, a laminated spherical tsunami shelter with a plate thickness of 1.0 mm, an inner spherical shell design radius of 180 mm, and an outer spherical shell design radius of 410 mm was fabricated. The shape accuracy of the process was determined. The roundness values of the inner and outer layers of the spherical shell were 0.88 and 0.85 mm, respectively. The measured radii of the actual inner and outer spherical shells were 180.50 and 209.97 mm, respectively, and the errors between the design and measured radii were 0.28% and −0.01%. In this study, acceleration sensors were attached to the inner and outer layers of the processed, laminated spherical tsunami shelter. A hammer impact load was applied to the outer layer, and the response acceleration values measured by the acceleration sensors in the inner and outer layers were compared. It was confirmed that the response acceleration value of the inner layer was 10.17% smaller than that of the outer layer. It was then verified that the spherical tsunami shelter proposed in this study has a good cushioning effect and processing performance.
{"title":"A Laminated Spherical Tsunami Shelter with an Elastic Buffer Layer and Its Integrated Bulge Processing Method","authors":"Junfu Hou, L. Chen, Jingchao Guan, Wei Zhao, Ichirou Hagiwara, Xilu Zhao","doi":"10.3390/designs7040095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7040095","url":null,"abstract":"When a tsunami occurs, people can enter floating shelters and save their lives. Tsunami shelters consisting of thin-walled fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) spherical shells have been developed and are currently in use. In this study, a novel three-layer laminated spherical tsunami shelter and its fabrication method have been proposed as an alternative to the conventional thin-walled spherical FRP tsunami shelter. First, the inner and outer layers were made of thin-walled stainless-steel spherical shells using the integral hydro-bulge-forming (IHBF) method. The inter-layers between the inner and outer layers were filled with elastic rubber to provide a laminated spherical tsunami shelter with elastic cushioning layers. After the fabrication process was developed, a laminated spherical tsunami shelter with a plate thickness of 1.0 mm, an inner spherical shell design radius of 180 mm, and an outer spherical shell design radius of 410 mm was fabricated. The shape accuracy of the process was determined. The roundness values of the inner and outer layers of the spherical shell were 0.88 and 0.85 mm, respectively. The measured radii of the actual inner and outer spherical shells were 180.50 and 209.97 mm, respectively, and the errors between the design and measured radii were 0.28% and −0.01%. In this study, acceleration sensors were attached to the inner and outer layers of the processed, laminated spherical tsunami shelter. A hammer impact load was applied to the outer layer, and the response acceleration values measured by the acceleration sensors in the inner and outer layers were compared. It was confirmed that the response acceleration value of the inner layer was 10.17% smaller than that of the outer layer. It was then verified that the spherical tsunami shelter proposed in this study has a good cushioning effect and processing performance.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48967745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Gerschütz, C. Sauer, Andreas Kormann, S. Nicklas, S. Goetz, Matthias Roppel, S. Tremmel, Kristin Paetzold-Byhain, S. Wartzack
This work aims to evaluate the current state of research on the use of artificial intelligence, deep learning, digitalization, and Data Mining in product development, mainly in the mechanical and mechatronic domain. These methods, collectively referred to as “digital engineering”, have the potential to disrupt the way products are developed and improve the efficiency of the product development process. However, their integration into current product development processes is not yet widespread. This work presents a novel consolidated view of the current state of research on digital engineering in product development by a literature review. This includes discussing the methods of digital engineering, introducing a product development process, and presenting results classified by their individual area of application. The work concludes with an evaluation of the literature analysis results and a discussion of future research potentials.
{"title":"Digital Engineering Methods in Practical Use during Mechatronic Design Processes","authors":"B. Gerschütz, C. Sauer, Andreas Kormann, S. Nicklas, S. Goetz, Matthias Roppel, S. Tremmel, Kristin Paetzold-Byhain, S. Wartzack","doi":"10.3390/designs7040093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7040093","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to evaluate the current state of research on the use of artificial intelligence, deep learning, digitalization, and Data Mining in product development, mainly in the mechanical and mechatronic domain. These methods, collectively referred to as “digital engineering”, have the potential to disrupt the way products are developed and improve the efficiency of the product development process. However, their integration into current product development processes is not yet widespread. This work presents a novel consolidated view of the current state of research on digital engineering in product development by a literature review. This includes discussing the methods of digital engineering, introducing a product development process, and presenting results classified by their individual area of application. The work concludes with an evaluation of the literature analysis results and a discussion of future research potentials.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46342644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a hybrid microgrid with AC and DC subgrids, the interlinking converter (IC) is the key element connecting the two subgrids. The performance of the interlinking converter is adversely affected by the d- and q-axis impedance interaction between the inner control loops. This interaction is highly undesirable since it adversely affects both the dynamic and the steady-state performance of the IC. Based on this, a novel feedback-based decoupling strategy is developed to overcome the cross-coupling effect in the mathematical model of the interlinking converter. This is a novel concept since the feed-forward compensation techniques are utilized to address the cross-coupling effect in prior related works, which has an inherent disadvantage of additional disturbance due to the addition of the compensating terms. In this study, a complete decoupling of the d and q axes was achieved, and the first-order transfer functions were obtained for the control loops using systematic block-reduction algebra and direct synthesis approaches. With this model, computational complexities are reduced and the inner control loops are free from impedance interaction effects, thereby achieving enhanced transient stability. Perfect decoupling of the voltage vectors is achieved by the matrix diagonalization method. Furthermore, the novelty of the proposed control is that the decoupled model is integrated with a normalization-based coordinate control strategy for effective bidirectional power transfer via the interlinking converter. Additionally, the proposed controller’s validity was tested for its performance under different transients in the MATLAB Simulink platform. The simulation results validated the proposed control strategy by showing that a faster response is ensured. A high-quality reference signal is generated due to the effective decoupling achieved. This observation was also validated by comparing the T.H.D. levels of a decoupled model’s reference power signal to one without a decoupling strategy.
{"title":"Decoupler-Based Feedback Control Strategy for Interlinking Converter in a Hybrid Microgrid","authors":"Rekha P. Nair, K. Ponnusamy","doi":"10.3390/designs7040091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7040091","url":null,"abstract":"In a hybrid microgrid with AC and DC subgrids, the interlinking converter (IC) is the key element connecting the two subgrids. The performance of the interlinking converter is adversely affected by the d- and q-axis impedance interaction between the inner control loops. This interaction is highly undesirable since it adversely affects both the dynamic and the steady-state performance of the IC. Based on this, a novel feedback-based decoupling strategy is developed to overcome the cross-coupling effect in the mathematical model of the interlinking converter. This is a novel concept since the feed-forward compensation techniques are utilized to address the cross-coupling effect in prior related works, which has an inherent disadvantage of additional disturbance due to the addition of the compensating terms. In this study, a complete decoupling of the d and q axes was achieved, and the first-order transfer functions were obtained for the control loops using systematic block-reduction algebra and direct synthesis approaches. With this model, computational complexities are reduced and the inner control loops are free from impedance interaction effects, thereby achieving enhanced transient stability. Perfect decoupling of the voltage vectors is achieved by the matrix diagonalization method. Furthermore, the novelty of the proposed control is that the decoupled model is integrated with a normalization-based coordinate control strategy for effective bidirectional power transfer via the interlinking converter. Additionally, the proposed controller’s validity was tested for its performance under different transients in the MATLAB Simulink platform. The simulation results validated the proposed control strategy by showing that a faster response is ensured. A high-quality reference signal is generated due to the effective decoupling achieved. This observation was also validated by comparing the T.H.D. levels of a decoupled model’s reference power signal to one without a decoupling strategy.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69574828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abhay Kumar, R. Jha, M. Bertoluzzo, Chetan B. Khadse, Swati Jaiswal, G. Mulay, A. Sagar
Two different arrangements for Wireless Battery Charging Systems (WBCSs) with a series-parallel resonant topology have been analyzed in this paper. The first arrangement charges the battery by controlling the receiver-side rectifier current and voltage without a chopper, while the second arrangement charges it with a chopper while keeping the chopper input voltage constant. The comparison of these two arrangements is made based on their performance on various figures of merit, such as the sizing factor of both the supply voltage source and receiver coil, overall system efficiency, power-transfer ratio, receiver efficiency, and cost estimation. Later, the simulated study is verified by the experimental setup designed to charge the electric vehicle.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Two Receiver Arrangements for Wireless Battery Charging System","authors":"Abhay Kumar, R. Jha, M. Bertoluzzo, Chetan B. Khadse, Swati Jaiswal, G. Mulay, A. Sagar","doi":"10.3390/designs7040092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7040092","url":null,"abstract":"Two different arrangements for Wireless Battery Charging Systems (WBCSs) with a series-parallel resonant topology have been analyzed in this paper. The first arrangement charges the battery by controlling the receiver-side rectifier current and voltage without a chopper, while the second arrangement charges it with a chopper while keeping the chopper input voltage constant. The comparison of these two arrangements is made based on their performance on various figures of merit, such as the sizing factor of both the supply voltage source and receiver coil, overall system efficiency, power-transfer ratio, receiver efficiency, and cost estimation. Later, the simulated study is verified by the experimental setup designed to charge the electric vehicle.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41783056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Rashid, M. Al‐Obaidi, Anmar Dulaimi, D. M. Mahmood, K. Sopian
When it comes to guaranteeing appropriate performance for buildings in terms of energy efficiency, the building envelope is a crucial component that must be presented. When a substance goes through a phase transition and either gives out or absorbs an amount of energy to provide useful heat or cooling, it is called a phase-change material, or PCM for short. Transitions often take place between the matter’s solid and liquid states. Buildings use PCMs for a variety of purposes, including thermal comfort, energy conservation, managing the temperature of building materials, reducing cooling/heating loads, efficiency, and thermal load shifting. Improved solutions are applied using new method and approach investigations. Undoubtedly, researching and applying PCM use in building applications can help create buildings that are more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly, while also increasing thermal comfort and consuming less energy. It provides a possible answer to the problems posed by climate change, rising energy demand in the built environment, and energy use optimisation. However, it is true that no particular research has yet been conducted to thoroughly analyse the linked PCM applications in the building industry. Thus, the principal tactics are addressed in this paper to determine current and efficient methods for employing PCMs in buildings to store thermal energy. By gathering around 50 instances from the open literature, this study conducts a thorough assessment of the up-to-date studies between 2016 and 2023 that used PCMs as thermal energy storage in building applications. As a result, this review aims to critically evaluate the PCM integration in buildings for thermal energy storage, identify a number of issues that require more research, and draw some important conclusions from the body of literature. Specifically, the building envelope roof and external wall uses of PCMs are highlighted in this research. Applications, general and desired characteristics, and PCM types and their thermal behaviour are described. In comparison to a traditional heat storage tank that simply contains water, this review indicates that a water storage tank containing 15% PCM improves heat storage by 70%. Also, less than 7 °C of internal air temperature was reduced by the PCMs in the walls, which avoided summer warming. Finally, using PCM for space cooling resulted in substantial energy savings across the various seasons.
{"title":"A Review of Recent Improvements, Developments, and Effects of Using Phase-Change Materials in Buildings to Store Thermal Energy","authors":"F. Rashid, M. Al‐Obaidi, Anmar Dulaimi, D. M. Mahmood, K. Sopian","doi":"10.3390/designs7040090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7040090","url":null,"abstract":"When it comes to guaranteeing appropriate performance for buildings in terms of energy efficiency, the building envelope is a crucial component that must be presented. When a substance goes through a phase transition and either gives out or absorbs an amount of energy to provide useful heat or cooling, it is called a phase-change material, or PCM for short. Transitions often take place between the matter’s solid and liquid states. Buildings use PCMs for a variety of purposes, including thermal comfort, energy conservation, managing the temperature of building materials, reducing cooling/heating loads, efficiency, and thermal load shifting. Improved solutions are applied using new method and approach investigations. Undoubtedly, researching and applying PCM use in building applications can help create buildings that are more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly, while also increasing thermal comfort and consuming less energy. It provides a possible answer to the problems posed by climate change, rising energy demand in the built environment, and energy use optimisation. However, it is true that no particular research has yet been conducted to thoroughly analyse the linked PCM applications in the building industry. Thus, the principal tactics are addressed in this paper to determine current and efficient methods for employing PCMs in buildings to store thermal energy. By gathering around 50 instances from the open literature, this study conducts a thorough assessment of the up-to-date studies between 2016 and 2023 that used PCMs as thermal energy storage in building applications. As a result, this review aims to critically evaluate the PCM integration in buildings for thermal energy storage, identify a number of issues that require more research, and draw some important conclusions from the body of literature. Specifically, the building envelope roof and external wall uses of PCMs are highlighted in this research. Applications, general and desired characteristics, and PCM types and their thermal behaviour are described. In comparison to a traditional heat storage tank that simply contains water, this review indicates that a water storage tank containing 15% PCM improves heat storage by 70%. Also, less than 7 °C of internal air temperature was reduced by the PCMs in the walls, which avoided summer warming. Finally, using PCM for space cooling resulted in substantial energy savings across the various seasons.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46606917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study proposes an innovative approach to reduce temperature fluctuations in refrigerated transport during loading and unloading, aiming to minimize food waste and optimize energy consumption in the food supply chain. The solution involves integrating Peltier cells into secondary and tertiary packaging to improve system efficiency and minimize temperature variations. Four distinct tests were conducted: a reference test, continuous Peltier system operation, and two intermittent cooling tests for the hot side of the cells. The results highlight the effectiveness of this approach, particularly in the fourth test where the average final food temperature decreased from 3.2 °C (reference test) to 2.8 °C. Integrating Peltier cells into packaging shows potential benefits in minimizing food waste, reducing energy consumption, and associated emissions during refrigerated transport. This research contributes to the sustainable design and manufacturing of packaging systems, specifically in the context of refrigerated transport. By maintaining a consistent temperature environment during the critical loading and unloading phases, incorporating Peltier cells enhances the overall performance and efficiency of refrigerated transport system. These results point out the significance of exploring innovative solutions for sustainable food preservation and the decrease of waste all along the food supply chain.
{"title":"Peltier Cell Integration in Packaging Design for Minimizing Energy Consumption and Temperature Variation during Refrigerated Transport","authors":"Pedro Fernandes, P. Gaspar, P. Silva","doi":"10.3390/designs7040088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7040088","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes an innovative approach to reduce temperature fluctuations in refrigerated transport during loading and unloading, aiming to minimize food waste and optimize energy consumption in the food supply chain. The solution involves integrating Peltier cells into secondary and tertiary packaging to improve system efficiency and minimize temperature variations. Four distinct tests were conducted: a reference test, continuous Peltier system operation, and two intermittent cooling tests for the hot side of the cells. The results highlight the effectiveness of this approach, particularly in the fourth test where the average final food temperature decreased from 3.2 °C (reference test) to 2.8 °C. Integrating Peltier cells into packaging shows potential benefits in minimizing food waste, reducing energy consumption, and associated emissions during refrigerated transport. This research contributes to the sustainable design and manufacturing of packaging systems, specifically in the context of refrigerated transport. By maintaining a consistent temperature environment during the critical loading and unloading phases, incorporating Peltier cells enhances the overall performance and efficiency of refrigerated transport system. These results point out the significance of exploring innovative solutions for sustainable food preservation and the decrease of waste all along the food supply chain.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43951639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junlan Yang, Xin Zhang, Linxiu Wang, Yufan Du, Yifei Han
To investigate the performance of transcritical CO2 quasi-secondary compression cycle with ejector (TCIEJ) for heat pump water heaters, the thermodynamic model of TCIEJ is established based on the pinch point, and TCEX, TCEJ, and TCI are selected as comparisons. The effects of changing high pressure and ambient temperature on the heating COP and compressor exhaust temperature are analyzed, and the influence of cooling water inlet and outlet temperature and vapor injection pressure on TCIEJ is further analyzed. The results show that there are optimal high pressures that make the heating COP of the four heat pump cycles reach the maximum value, of which TCIEJ has the best performance. At an ambient temperature of −15 °C, the maximum heating COP of TCIEJ increased by about 20.5%, 14.9%, and 7.9% compared with TCEX, TCEJ, and TCI. With the increase in ambient temperature, the optimal high pressure continues to increase, and the corresponding maximum heating COP gradually increases. Selecting the geometric mean of high pressure and evaporation pressure as the optimal vapor injection pressure for TCIEJ, the error is small compared to the actual optimal vapor injection pressure. With the increase in ambient temperature and cooling water outlet temperature, the optimal high pressure of TCIEJ continues to increase, and the correlation formula of optimal high pressure is fitted according to the simulation results.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Transcritical CO2 Quasi-Secondary Compression Cycle with Ejector Based on Pinch Point","authors":"Junlan Yang, Xin Zhang, Linxiu Wang, Yufan Du, Yifei Han","doi":"10.3390/designs7040089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7040089","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the performance of transcritical CO2 quasi-secondary compression cycle with ejector (TCIEJ) for heat pump water heaters, the thermodynamic model of TCIEJ is established based on the pinch point, and TCEX, TCEJ, and TCI are selected as comparisons. The effects of changing high pressure and ambient temperature on the heating COP and compressor exhaust temperature are analyzed, and the influence of cooling water inlet and outlet temperature and vapor injection pressure on TCIEJ is further analyzed. The results show that there are optimal high pressures that make the heating COP of the four heat pump cycles reach the maximum value, of which TCIEJ has the best performance. At an ambient temperature of −15 °C, the maximum heating COP of TCIEJ increased by about 20.5%, 14.9%, and 7.9% compared with TCEX, TCEJ, and TCI. With the increase in ambient temperature, the optimal high pressure continues to increase, and the corresponding maximum heating COP gradually increases. Selecting the geometric mean of high pressure and evaporation pressure as the optimal vapor injection pressure for TCIEJ, the error is small compared to the actual optimal vapor injection pressure. With the increase in ambient temperature and cooling water outlet temperature, the optimal high pressure of TCIEJ continues to increase, and the correlation formula of optimal high pressure is fitted according to the simulation results.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47074385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Combining different features inspired by biological systems is necessary to obtain uncommon and unique multifunctional biologically inspired conceptual designs. The Expandable Domain Integrated Design (xDID) model is proposed to facilitate the multifunctional concept generation process. The xDID model extends the previously defined Domain Integrated Design (DID) method. The xDID model classifies biological features by their feature characteristics taken from various case-based bio-inspired design examples into their respective geometric designations called domains. The classified biological features are mapped to the respective plant and animal tissues from which they originate. Furthermore, the paper proposes a representation of the functions exhibited by the biological features at the embodiment level as a combination of the integrated structure (multiscale) and the structural strategy associated with the integrated structure. The xDID model is validated using three multifunctional bio-inspired design case studies at the end of the paper.
{"title":"Supporting Multifunctional Bio-Inspired Design Concept Generation through Case-Based Expandable Domain Integrated Design (xDID) Model","authors":"Pavan Tejaswi Velivela, Y. Zhao","doi":"10.3390/designs7040086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7040086","url":null,"abstract":"Combining different features inspired by biological systems is necessary to obtain uncommon and unique multifunctional biologically inspired conceptual designs. The Expandable Domain Integrated Design (xDID) model is proposed to facilitate the multifunctional concept generation process. The xDID model extends the previously defined Domain Integrated Design (DID) method. The xDID model classifies biological features by their feature characteristics taken from various case-based bio-inspired design examples into their respective geometric designations called domains. The classified biological features are mapped to the respective plant and animal tissues from which they originate. Furthermore, the paper proposes a representation of the functions exhibited by the biological features at the embodiment level as a combination of the integrated structure (multiscale) and the structural strategy associated with the integrated structure. The xDID model is validated using three multifunctional bio-inspired design case studies at the end of the paper.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44660693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elisa Bertrand, Sergej Zankovic, Johannes Vinke, H. Schmal, Michael Seidenstuecker
For the treatment of bone defects, biodegradable, compressive biomaterials are needed as replacements that degrade as the bone regenerates. The problem with existing materials has either been their insufficient mechanical strength or the excessive differences in their elastic modulus, leading to stress shielding and eventual failure. In this study, the compressive strength of CPC ceramics (with a layer thickness of more than 12 layers) was compared with sintered β-TCP ceramics. It was assumed that as the number of layers increased, the mechanical strength of 3D-printed scaffolds would increase toward the value of sintered ceramics. In addition, the influence of the needle inner diameter on the mechanical strength was investigated. Circular scaffolds with 20, 25, 30, and 45 layers were 3D printed using a 3D bioplotter, solidified in a water-saturated atmosphere for 3 days, and then tested for compressive strength together with a β-TCP sintered ceramic using a Zwick universal testing machine. The 3D-printed scaffolds had a compressive strength of 41.56 ± 7.12 MPa, which was significantly higher than that of the sintered ceramic (24.16 ± 4.44 MPa). The 3D-printed scaffolds with round geometry reached or exceeded the upper limit of the compressive strength of cancellous bone toward substantia compacta. In addition, CPC scaffolds exhibited more bone-like compressibility than the comparable β-TCP sintered ceramic, demonstrating that the mechanical properties of CPC scaffolds are more similar to bone than sintered β-TCP ceramics.
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