This study aims to address the hazards associated with the design and manufacture of pressure vessels used for storing dangerous liquids, specifically focusing on the increased demand for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) worldwide. The construction of more LPG facilities necessitates the implementation of safer pressure vessels to mitigate risks such as explosions and leakage. The primary objective of this project is to design a vertical pressure vessel, in accordance with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) code, capable of safely storing 10 m3 of pressurised LPG. To ensure the safety of the pressure vessel, the researchers employed Autodesk Inventor Professional 2023 for geometric modelling and utilised Inventor Nastran for finite element analysis (FEA) to investigate displacements, deflections, and von Mises stresses. The vessel is cylindrical in shape and features two elliptical heads, two nozzles, a manway, and four leg supports. The FEA analysis conducted using Autodesk Inventor Nastran enabled the researchers to identify areas where structural modifications were necessary to reduce stress within the vessel. The results revealed an inverse relationship between the displacement and the tank section shell thickness. Additionally, the factor of safety exhibited a linear increase as the shell thickness increased. The researchers carefully considered permissible pressures and determined the required wall thickness to maintain acceptable maximum stresses. The findings indicate that the design of the pressure vessel is safe from failure. Among the components, the manway experiences the highest stresses, followed by the shell, while the heads, nozzles, and leg supports experience lower stresses. The researchers also conducted theoretical calculations for the entire model and ensured that the results fell within acceptable limits, further validating their design approach. The research emphasised the importance of designing pressure vessels in compliance with ASME codes to ensure safety and prevent hazards associated with improper design and manufacturing. The combination of Autodesk Inventor Professional and Inventor Nastran proved to be an effective approach for simulating and evaluating the performance of the pressure vessel. Through the analysis, the researchers found that changes to the pressure vessel structure were necessary to reduce stress. They observed an inverse relationship between displacement and tank section shell thickness, while the factor of safety increased linearly with shell thickness. Stress distribution analysis revealed that the manway and shell experienced the highest stresses, while the heads, nozzles, and leg support exhibited lower stresses. Employing the finite element method, potential stress points within the pressure vessel were identified, enabling necessary modifications to enhance its safety.
{"title":"Design and Analysis of a Typical Vertical Pressure Vessel Using ASME Code and FEA Technique","authors":"Kristaq Hazizi, Mohammad Ghaleeh","doi":"10.3390/designs7030078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7030078","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to address the hazards associated with the design and manufacture of pressure vessels used for storing dangerous liquids, specifically focusing on the increased demand for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) worldwide. The construction of more LPG facilities necessitates the implementation of safer pressure vessels to mitigate risks such as explosions and leakage. The primary objective of this project is to design a vertical pressure vessel, in accordance with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) code, capable of safely storing 10 m3 of pressurised LPG. To ensure the safety of the pressure vessel, the researchers employed Autodesk Inventor Professional 2023 for geometric modelling and utilised Inventor Nastran for finite element analysis (FEA) to investigate displacements, deflections, and von Mises stresses. The vessel is cylindrical in shape and features two elliptical heads, two nozzles, a manway, and four leg supports. The FEA analysis conducted using Autodesk Inventor Nastran enabled the researchers to identify areas where structural modifications were necessary to reduce stress within the vessel. The results revealed an inverse relationship between the displacement and the tank section shell thickness. Additionally, the factor of safety exhibited a linear increase as the shell thickness increased. The researchers carefully considered permissible pressures and determined the required wall thickness to maintain acceptable maximum stresses. The findings indicate that the design of the pressure vessel is safe from failure. Among the components, the manway experiences the highest stresses, followed by the shell, while the heads, nozzles, and leg supports experience lower stresses. The researchers also conducted theoretical calculations for the entire model and ensured that the results fell within acceptable limits, further validating their design approach. The research emphasised the importance of designing pressure vessels in compliance with ASME codes to ensure safety and prevent hazards associated with improper design and manufacturing. The combination of Autodesk Inventor Professional and Inventor Nastran proved to be an effective approach for simulating and evaluating the performance of the pressure vessel. Through the analysis, the researchers found that changes to the pressure vessel structure were necessary to reduce stress. They observed an inverse relationship between displacement and tank section shell thickness, while the factor of safety increased linearly with shell thickness. Stress distribution analysis revealed that the manway and shell experienced the highest stresses, while the heads, nozzles, and leg support exhibited lower stresses. Employing the finite element method, potential stress points within the pressure vessel were identified, enabling necessary modifications to enhance its safety.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43313176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Muhayat, Ericha Dwi Wahyu Syah Putri, Hendrato, Yohanes Pringeten Dilianto Sembiring Depari, P. Puspitasari, Jamasri., A. Prabowo, Triyono
Aluminum alloys emerged as one of the materials used in manufacturing automotive car bodies due to their advantageous properties such as high strength-to-weight ratio, relatively low cost, high ductility, and high corrosion resistance. However, joining aluminum alloys using fusion welding poses serious problems due to the high solubility of hydrogen gas, which causes porosity in welding metal. Subsequently, solid-state welding, such as friction stir welding (FSW), has been considered a porosity-free aluminum joining method. However, the method has limitations, such as low flexibility and the need for a complex clamping system. It is particularly problematic when welding plates. It causes the welding process to be carried out twice on opposite sides, resulting in longer production times. This study designed and assembled a one-step double-side FSW apparatus to address this challenge and conducted welding trials with various welding parameters. During the welding trial, the upper and lower tool rotation varied at 900/900 rpm and 1500/1500 rpm. As a result, one-step double-side FSW was successfully used for welding 6 mm aluminum without any porosity defects. Faster tool rotation results in a wider heat-affected area and higher tensile strength. In addition, the hard test showed that the one-step double-side FSW process had a lower hardness compared to the hardness of the base metal.
{"title":"Apparatus Design of One-Step Double-Side Friction Stir Welding for Aluminum Plates","authors":"N. Muhayat, Ericha Dwi Wahyu Syah Putri, Hendrato, Yohanes Pringeten Dilianto Sembiring Depari, P. Puspitasari, Jamasri., A. Prabowo, Triyono","doi":"10.3390/designs7030075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7030075","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum alloys emerged as one of the materials used in manufacturing automotive car bodies due to their advantageous properties such as high strength-to-weight ratio, relatively low cost, high ductility, and high corrosion resistance. However, joining aluminum alloys using fusion welding poses serious problems due to the high solubility of hydrogen gas, which causes porosity in welding metal. Subsequently, solid-state welding, such as friction stir welding (FSW), has been considered a porosity-free aluminum joining method. However, the method has limitations, such as low flexibility and the need for a complex clamping system. It is particularly problematic when welding plates. It causes the welding process to be carried out twice on opposite sides, resulting in longer production times. This study designed and assembled a one-step double-side FSW apparatus to address this challenge and conducted welding trials with various welding parameters. During the welding trial, the upper and lower tool rotation varied at 900/900 rpm and 1500/1500 rpm. As a result, one-step double-side FSW was successfully used for welding 6 mm aluminum without any porosity defects. Faster tool rotation results in a wider heat-affected area and higher tensile strength. In addition, the hard test showed that the one-step double-side FSW process had a lower hardness compared to the hardness of the base metal.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42575445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alejandro Cárdenas Miranda, Jan Dahlhaus, O. Dordevic, J. Eckhardt, Victor Faessler, Jean-Marc Le-Peuvedic, P. Riley, Josef Wasner
The paper proposes a novel battery design for high-performance transport applications that is immersion-cooled and switched by a multi-level inverter. Advantages of the proposed AC battery design in terms of weight, modularity, scalability, performance, reliability and safety are presented. To demonstrate the applicability of the design, an electrically powered glider use case is addressed. The derived battery system is evaluated by means of theoretical analysis, simulation and prototyping. Simulations showed that the used multi-level inverter (MLI) power electronics modules could successfully run the motor without additional power electronics and charge batteries from a 110 V AC source. The prototype implementation with a motor-driven propeller demonstrated power levels of up to 3.3 kW, with a behavior in accordance with simulations. Guidelines to further advance the technology readiness level including control strategies and hardware design were derived to overcome limitations in the prototype realization that could not be addressed within the project budget. Finally, research topics to evaluate additional performance metrics such as efficiency and aging behavior are suggested.
{"title":"LiBAT: A High-Performance AC Battery System for Transport Applications","authors":"Alejandro Cárdenas Miranda, Jan Dahlhaus, O. Dordevic, J. Eckhardt, Victor Faessler, Jean-Marc Le-Peuvedic, P. Riley, Josef Wasner","doi":"10.3390/designs7030074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7030074","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes a novel battery design for high-performance transport applications that is immersion-cooled and switched by a multi-level inverter. Advantages of the proposed AC battery design in terms of weight, modularity, scalability, performance, reliability and safety are presented. To demonstrate the applicability of the design, an electrically powered glider use case is addressed. The derived battery system is evaluated by means of theoretical analysis, simulation and prototyping. Simulations showed that the used multi-level inverter (MLI) power electronics modules could successfully run the motor without additional power electronics and charge batteries from a 110 V AC source. The prototype implementation with a motor-driven propeller demonstrated power levels of up to 3.3 kW, with a behavior in accordance with simulations. Guidelines to further advance the technology readiness level including control strategies and hardware design were derived to overcome limitations in the prototype realization that could not be addressed within the project budget. Finally, research topics to evaluate additional performance metrics such as efficiency and aging behavior are suggested.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42610570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The unpredictability in time of seismic activities and the dependence of tectonic movements on a multitude of factors challenges specialists to identify the most accurate related methods to avoid catastrophes associated with hazards. Early warning systems are critical in reducing negative effects in the case of an earthquake with a magnitude above 5 MW. Their precision is all the better as they corroborate and transmit more information collected from the regional or on-site sensory nodes to a central unit that discloses events and estimates the epicentral location, earthquake magnitude, or ground shaking amplitude. The shaking table is the proper instrument for evaluating an early warning systems’ dynamic response and performance under specific vibration conditions. To this issue, the paper presents a laboratory single-axis shaking table with a small-scale, low-cost design and an accurate displacement control. Experiments based on a suite of 12 real earthquakes provided results with very small errors related to similar models, bearing out the designed shaking table is suitable for early earthquake warning system response testing for high magnitude earthquakes.
{"title":"Shaking Table Design for Testing Earthquake Early Warning Systems","authors":"Elena Serea, C. Donciu","doi":"10.3390/designs7030072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7030072","url":null,"abstract":"The unpredictability in time of seismic activities and the dependence of tectonic movements on a multitude of factors challenges specialists to identify the most accurate related methods to avoid catastrophes associated with hazards. Early warning systems are critical in reducing negative effects in the case of an earthquake with a magnitude above 5 MW. Their precision is all the better as they corroborate and transmit more information collected from the regional or on-site sensory nodes to a central unit that discloses events and estimates the epicentral location, earthquake magnitude, or ground shaking amplitude. The shaking table is the proper instrument for evaluating an early warning systems’ dynamic response and performance under specific vibration conditions. To this issue, the paper presents a laboratory single-axis shaking table with a small-scale, low-cost design and an accurate displacement control. Experiments based on a suite of 12 real earthquakes provided results with very small errors related to similar models, bearing out the designed shaking table is suitable for early earthquake warning system response testing for high magnitude earthquakes.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43133394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erfan Shafiee Roudbari, Ramanunni Parakkal Menon, Ivan Kantor, Ursula Eicker
The concept of Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) has emerged as a promising approach to achieving sustainable urban development. PEDs aim to balance the energy demand and supply within a district while reducing the carbon footprint and promoting renewable energy sources. Urban–Industrial Symbiosis (UIS) is another approach that involves the exchange of energy and resources between industrial processes and nearby urban areas to increase efficiency and reduce waste. Combining the concepts of PED and UIS can create self-sufficient, sustainable, and resilient districts. As the analysis and implementation of such systems are barely studied in North America, this research study was structured to fill the gap by evaluating the financial and environmental advantages of this combination. This study proposes a methodology to design a heat transmission system; then, it is applied to the case of a paper-making factory and a multifunctional heritage building in Montreal, Canada. The results show that the building’s new heating system can generate sufficient heat while emitting near-zero direct emissions. Overall, this paper argues that combining the concepts of PED and UIS can lead to a more sustainable and resilient urban area, and provides a roadmap for achieving this goal.
{"title":"Toward Positive Energy Districts by Urban–Industrial Energy Exchange","authors":"Erfan Shafiee Roudbari, Ramanunni Parakkal Menon, Ivan Kantor, Ursula Eicker","doi":"10.3390/designs7030073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7030073","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) has emerged as a promising approach to achieving sustainable urban development. PEDs aim to balance the energy demand and supply within a district while reducing the carbon footprint and promoting renewable energy sources. Urban–Industrial Symbiosis (UIS) is another approach that involves the exchange of energy and resources between industrial processes and nearby urban areas to increase efficiency and reduce waste. Combining the concepts of PED and UIS can create self-sufficient, sustainable, and resilient districts. As the analysis and implementation of such systems are barely studied in North America, this research study was structured to fill the gap by evaluating the financial and environmental advantages of this combination. This study proposes a methodology to design a heat transmission system; then, it is applied to the case of a paper-making factory and a multifunctional heritage building in Montreal, Canada. The results show that the building’s new heating system can generate sufficient heat while emitting near-zero direct emissions. Overall, this paper argues that combining the concepts of PED and UIS can lead to a more sustainable and resilient urban area, and provides a roadmap for achieving this goal.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135832829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alejandro Valencia-Arias, Vanessa García-Pineda, J. D. González-Ruiz, Carlos Javier Medina-Valderrama, Raúl Eduardo Bao García
The high demand for energy resources due to the increasing number of electronic devices has prompted the constant search for different or alternative energy sources to reduce energy consumption, aiming to meet the high demand for energy without exceeding the consumption of natural sources. In this context, the objective of this study was to examine research trends in the machine-learning-based design of electrical and electronic devices. The methodological approach was based on the analysis of 152 academic documents on this topic selected from Scopus and Web of Science in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Quantity, quality, and structural indicators were calculated to contextualize its thematic evolution. The results showed a growing interest in the subject since 2019, mainly in the United States and China, which stand out as world powers in the information and communication technology industry. Moreover, most studies focused on developing devices for controlling, monitoring and reducing energy consumption, mainly in 5G and thermal comfort devices, primarily using deep-learning techniques.
由于电子设备数量的增加，对能源资源的高需求促使人们不断寻找不同或替代能源来降低能源消耗，旨在满足对能源的高需求，同时又不超过自然资源的消耗。在此背景下，本研究的目的是研究基于机器学习的电气和电子设备设计的研究趋势。方法方法是根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目(PRISMA)声明，对从Scopus和Web of Science中选择的152篇关于该主题的学术文献进行分析。计算了数量、质量和结构指标，以确定其主题演变的背景。结果显示，自2019年以来，人们对这一主题的兴趣日益浓厚，主要是在美国和中国，这两个国家是信息和通信技术行业的世界大国。此外，大多数研究都集中在开发控制、监测和降低能耗的设备上，主要是5G和热舒适设备，主要使用深度学习技术。
{"title":"Machine-Learning Applications in Energy Efficiency: A Bibliometric Approach and Research Agenda","authors":"Alejandro Valencia-Arias, Vanessa García-Pineda, J. D. González-Ruiz, Carlos Javier Medina-Valderrama, Raúl Eduardo Bao García","doi":"10.3390/designs7030071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7030071","url":null,"abstract":"The high demand for energy resources due to the increasing number of electronic devices has prompted the constant search for different or alternative energy sources to reduce energy consumption, aiming to meet the high demand for energy without exceeding the consumption of natural sources. In this context, the objective of this study was to examine research trends in the machine-learning-based design of electrical and electronic devices. The methodological approach was based on the analysis of 152 academic documents on this topic selected from Scopus and Web of Science in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Quantity, quality, and structural indicators were calculated to contextualize its thematic evolution. The results showed a growing interest in the subject since 2019, mainly in the United States and China, which stand out as world powers in the information and communication technology industry. Moreover, most studies focused on developing devices for controlling, monitoring and reducing energy consumption, mainly in 5G and thermal comfort devices, primarily using deep-learning techniques.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45102267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The American lobster (Homarus americanus) is the most valuable seafood on Canada’s Atlantic coast, generating over CAD 800 million in export revenue alone for New Brunswick. However, labor shortages plague the lobster industry, and lobsters must be processed quickly to maintain food safety and quality assurance standards. This paper proposes a lobster estimation orientation approach using a convolutional neural network model, with the aim of guiding the FANUC LR Mate 200 iD robotic arm for lobster manipulation. To validate this technique, four state-of-the-art object detection algorithms were evaluated on an American lobster images dataset: YOLOv7, YOLOv7-tiny, YOLOV4, and YOLOv3. In comparison to other versions, YOLOv7 demonstrated a superior performance with an F1-score of 95.2%, a mean average precision (mAP) of 95.3%, a recall rate of 95.1%, and 111 frames per second (fps). Object detection models were deployed on the NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX, with YOLOv7-tiny achieving the highest fps rate of 25.6 on this platform. Due to its outstanding performance, YOLOv7 was selected for developing lobster orientation estimation. This approach has the potential to improve efficiency in lobster processing and address the challenges faced by the industry, including labor shortages and compliance with food safety and quality standards.
美国龙虾（Homarus americanus）是加拿大大西洋沿岸最有价值的海鲜，仅新不伦瑞克省的出口收入就超过8亿加元。然而，劳动力短缺困扰着龙虾行业，龙虾必须快速加工，以保持食品安全和质量保证标准。本文提出了一种使用卷积神经网络模型的龙虾估计定向方法，旨在指导FANUC LR Mate 200 iD机器人手臂进行龙虾操作。为了验证这项技术，在美国龙虾图像数据集上评估了四种最先进的物体检测算法：YOLOv7、YOLOv7-tiny、YOLOV4和YOLOv3。与其他版本相比，YOLOv7表现出了卓越的性能，F1得分为95.2%，平均精度（mAP）为95.3%，召回率为95.1%，每秒111帧。对象检测模型部署在NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX上，YOLOv7 micro在该平台上实现了25.6的最高帧速率。由于其卓越的性能，YOLOv7被选为龙虾定向评估的开发人员。这种方法有可能提高龙虾加工的效率，并解决该行业面临的挑战，包括劳动力短缺以及遵守食品安全和质量标准。
{"title":"Lobster Position Estimation Using YOLOv7 for Potential Guidance of FANUC Robotic Arm in American Lobster Processing","authors":"Nawal Chelouati, Y. Bouslimani, M. Ghribi","doi":"10.3390/designs7030070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7030070","url":null,"abstract":"The American lobster (Homarus americanus) is the most valuable seafood on Canada’s Atlantic coast, generating over CAD 800 million in export revenue alone for New Brunswick. However, labor shortages plague the lobster industry, and lobsters must be processed quickly to maintain food safety and quality assurance standards. This paper proposes a lobster estimation orientation approach using a convolutional neural network model, with the aim of guiding the FANUC LR Mate 200 iD robotic arm for lobster manipulation. To validate this technique, four state-of-the-art object detection algorithms were evaluated on an American lobster images dataset: YOLOv7, YOLOv7-tiny, YOLOV4, and YOLOv3. In comparison to other versions, YOLOv7 demonstrated a superior performance with an F1-score of 95.2%, a mean average precision (mAP) of 95.3%, a recall rate of 95.1%, and 111 frames per second (fps). Object detection models were deployed on the NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX, with YOLOv7-tiny achieving the highest fps rate of 25.6 on this platform. Due to its outstanding performance, YOLOv7 was selected for developing lobster orientation estimation. This approach has the potential to improve efficiency in lobster processing and address the challenges faced by the industry, including labor shortages and compliance with food safety and quality standards.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49094508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lukas Van Campenhout, Ward Vancoppenolle, Ivo Dewit
Coupling is a key concept in the field of embodied interaction with digital products and systems, describing how digital phenomena relate to the physical world. In this paper, we present a Research through Design process in which the concept of coupling is explored and deepened. The use case that we employed to conduct our research is an industrial workplace proposed by Audi Brussels and Kuka. Our aim was to enrich this workplace with projection, or Spatial Augmented Reality, while focusing on operator interaction. We went through three successive design iterations, each of which resulted in a demonstrator. We present each of the three demonstrators, focusing on how they propelled our understanding of coupling. We establish a framework in which coupling between different events, be they physical or digital, emerges on four different aspects: time, location, direction, and expression. We bring the first three aspects together under one heading—coupling of meaning—and relate it to ease of use and pragmatic usability. We uncover the characteristics of the fourth aspect—coupling of expression—and link it to the psychological wellbeing of the operator in the workplace. We conclude this paper by highlighting its contribution to the embodied interaction research agenda.
{"title":"From Meaning to Expression: A Dual Approach to Coupling","authors":"Lukas Van Campenhout, Ward Vancoppenolle, Ivo Dewit","doi":"10.3390/designs7030069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7030069","url":null,"abstract":"Coupling is a key concept in the field of embodied interaction with digital products and systems, describing how digital phenomena relate to the physical world. In this paper, we present a Research through Design process in which the concept of coupling is explored and deepened. The use case that we employed to conduct our research is an industrial workplace proposed by Audi Brussels and Kuka. Our aim was to enrich this workplace with projection, or Spatial Augmented Reality, while focusing on operator interaction. We went through three successive design iterations, each of which resulted in a demonstrator. We present each of the three demonstrators, focusing on how they propelled our understanding of coupling. We establish a framework in which coupling between different events, be they physical or digital, emerges on four different aspects: time, location, direction, and expression. We bring the first three aspects together under one heading—coupling of meaning—and relate it to ease of use and pragmatic usability. We uncover the characteristics of the fourth aspect—coupling of expression—and link it to the psychological wellbeing of the operator in the workplace. We conclude this paper by highlighting its contribution to the embodied interaction research agenda.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43434938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Challenges caused by design complexities during the design stages of a product must be coordinated and overcome by the selection of a suitable manufacturing approach. Additive manufacturing (AM) is capable of fabricating complex shapes, yet there are limiting aspects to surface integrity, dimensional accuracy, and, in some instances, design restrictions. Therefore, the goal is essentially to establish the complex areas of a tool during the design stage to achieve the desired quality levels for the corresponding injection moulding tool insert. When adopting a manufacturing approach, it is essential to acknowledge limitations and restrictions. This paper presents the development of a feature-based manufacturability assessment system (FBMAS) to demonstrate the feasibility of integrating selective laser melting (SLM), a metal-based AM technology, with subtractive manufacturing for any given part. The areas on the tool inserts that hold the most geometrical complexities to manufacture are focused on the FBMAS and the design features that are critical for the FBMAS are defined. Furthermore, the structural approach used for developing the FBMAS graphical user interface is defined while explaining how it can be operated effectively and in a user-friendly approach. The systematic approach established is successful in capturing the benefits of SLM and subtractive methods of manufacturing, whilst defining design limitations of each manufacturing method. Finally, the FBMAS developed was validated and verified against the criteria set by experts in the field, and the system’s logic was proven to be accurate when tested. The decision recommendations proved to correlate with the determined recommendations of the field experts in evaluating the feature manufacturability of the tool inserts.
{"title":"A Novel Feature-Based Manufacturability Assessment System for Evaluating Selective Laser Melting and Subtractive Manufacturing Injection Moulding Tool Inserts","authors":"Mennatallah F. El Kashouty, A. Rennie, M. Ghazy","doi":"10.3390/designs7030068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7030068","url":null,"abstract":"Challenges caused by design complexities during the design stages of a product must be coordinated and overcome by the selection of a suitable manufacturing approach. Additive manufacturing (AM) is capable of fabricating complex shapes, yet there are limiting aspects to surface integrity, dimensional accuracy, and, in some instances, design restrictions. Therefore, the goal is essentially to establish the complex areas of a tool during the design stage to achieve the desired quality levels for the corresponding injection moulding tool insert. When adopting a manufacturing approach, it is essential to acknowledge limitations and restrictions. This paper presents the development of a feature-based manufacturability assessment system (FBMAS) to demonstrate the feasibility of integrating selective laser melting (SLM), a metal-based AM technology, with subtractive manufacturing for any given part. The areas on the tool inserts that hold the most geometrical complexities to manufacture are focused on the FBMAS and the design features that are critical for the FBMAS are defined. Furthermore, the structural approach used for developing the FBMAS graphical user interface is defined while explaining how it can be operated effectively and in a user-friendly approach. The systematic approach established is successful in capturing the benefits of SLM and subtractive methods of manufacturing, whilst defining design limitations of each manufacturing method. Finally, the FBMAS developed was validated and verified against the criteria set by experts in the field, and the system’s logic was proven to be accurate when tested. The decision recommendations proved to correlate with the determined recommendations of the field experts in evaluating the feature manufacturability of the tool inserts.","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47327191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Rashid, Amr Kaood, M. Al‐Obaidi, H. Mohammed, Alanood A. Alsarayreh, N. AL-MUHSEN, A. Abbas, Rana H. A. Zubo, A. Mohammad, S. Alsadaie, M. T. Sowgath, Raed Abd-Alhameed, I. Mujtaba
The desalination of saltwater is a viable option to produce freshwater. All the desalination processes are energy-intensive and can be carried out on a large scale. Therefore, producing freshwater using renewable energy sources is the most desirable option considering the current energy crisis and the effect that fossil-fuel-based energy has on our carbon footprint. In this respect, the tray-type still, one of several solar power desalination still varieties, is popular owing to its straightforward design, economic materials of construction, and minimal maintenance requirements, especially in isolated island regions with restricted energy and natural water supplies. The traditional tray-type solar power has a few drawbacks, such as the inability to recover latent heat from condensation, reduced thermal convection, a large heat capacity, and comparatively minimal driving power through evaporation. Therefore, the improvement of heat and mass transfer capabilities in tray-type stills has been the subject of many studies. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive review in the open literature that covers the design and operational details of multistage solar stills. The purpose of this paper is to present a thorough overview of the past research on multistage solar stills, in terms of configurations, capabilities, and cutting-edge options. In comparison to a unit without a salt-blocking formation, the review indicates that a multistage distillation unit may run continuously at high radiation and generate pure water that is around 1.7 times higher than a unit without a salt-blocking formation. The most effective deign is found to be “V”-shaped solar still trays that attach to four-stage stills, since they are less expensive and more economical than the “floor” (Λ-shape) design, which requires two collectors. Additionally, it can be stated that the unit thermal efficiency, solar percentage, and collected solar energy (over the course of a year) increase by 23%, 18%, and 24%, respectively, when the solar collectors are increased by 26% (at the constant inflow velocity of the water).
{"title":"A Review of the Configurations, Capabilities, and Cutting-Edge Options for Multistage Solar Stills in Water Desalination","authors":"F. Rashid, Amr Kaood, M. Al‐Obaidi, H. Mohammed, Alanood A. Alsarayreh, N. AL-MUHSEN, A. Abbas, Rana H. A. Zubo, A. Mohammad, S. Alsadaie, M. T. Sowgath, Raed Abd-Alhameed, I. Mujtaba","doi":"10.3390/designs7030067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7030067","url":null,"abstract":"The desalination of saltwater is a viable option to produce freshwater. All the desalination processes are energy-intensive and can be carried out on a large scale. Therefore, producing freshwater using renewable energy sources is the most desirable option considering the current energy crisis and the effect that fossil-fuel-based energy has on our carbon footprint. In this respect, the tray-type still, one of several solar power desalination still varieties, is popular owing to its straightforward design, economic materials of construction, and minimal maintenance requirements, especially in isolated island regions with restricted energy and natural water supplies. The traditional tray-type solar power has a few drawbacks, such as the inability to recover latent heat from condensation, reduced thermal convection, a large heat capacity, and comparatively minimal driving power through evaporation. Therefore, the improvement of heat and mass transfer capabilities in tray-type stills has been the subject of many studies. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive review in the open literature that covers the design and operational details of multistage solar stills. The purpose of this paper is to present a thorough overview of the past research on multistage solar stills, in terms of configurations, capabilities, and cutting-edge options. In comparison to a unit without a salt-blocking formation, the review indicates that a multistage distillation unit may run continuously at high radiation and generate pure water that is around 1.7 times higher than a unit without a salt-blocking formation. The most effective deign is found to be “V”-shaped solar still trays that attach to four-stage stills, since they are less expensive and more economical than the “floor” (Λ-shape) design, which requires two collectors. Additionally, it can be stated that the unit thermal efficiency, solar percentage, and collected solar energy (over the course of a year) increase by 23%, 18%, and 24%, respectively, when the solar collectors are increased by 26% (at the constant inflow velocity of the water).","PeriodicalId":53150,"journal":{"name":"Designs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47581608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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