Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.4c0002210.1021/cbmi.4c00022
Fei Li, Shaobin Wu, Keyang Li, Jun Zhu, Shasha He* and Huayu Tian*,
Liver injury, caused by factors like viral hepatitis and drug overdose, poses a significant health risk, with current diagnostic methods lacking specificity, increasing the need for more precise molecular imaging techniques. Herein, we present an activatable semiconducting liver injury reporter (SLIR) for early and accurate diagnosis of liver injury. The SLIR, which is composed of semiconducting polymers with an electron-withdrawing quenching segment, remains nonfluorescent until it encounters biothiols such as cysteine in the liver. SLIR accumulates efficiently in the liver and respond rapidly to biothiols, allowing accurate and early detection of liver damage. The recovery of SLIR fluorescence negatively reflects the dynamics of oxidative stress in the liver and provides information on the severity of tissue damage. Thus, the specificity of SLIR, the fast response, and the efficient targeting of the liver make it a promising tool for the precise diagnosis of liver damage at an early stage.
{"title":"An Activatable Semiconducting Nanoprobe for Early and Accurate Diagnosis of Liver Injury","authors":"Fei Li, Shaobin Wu, Keyang Li, Jun Zhu, Shasha He* and Huayu Tian*, ","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.4c0002210.1021/cbmi.4c00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.4c00022https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.4c00022","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Liver injury, caused by factors like viral hepatitis and drug overdose, poses a significant health risk, with current diagnostic methods lacking specificity, increasing the need for more precise molecular imaging techniques. Herein, we present an activatable semiconducting liver injury reporter (SLIR) for early and accurate diagnosis of liver injury. The SLIR, which is composed of semiconducting polymers with an electron-withdrawing quenching segment, remains nonfluorescent until it encounters biothiols such as cysteine in the liver. SLIR accumulates efficiently in the liver and respond rapidly to biothiols, allowing accurate and early detection of liver damage. The recovery of SLIR fluorescence negatively reflects the dynamics of oxidative stress in the liver and provides information on the severity of tissue damage. Thus, the specificity of SLIR, the fast response, and the efficient targeting of the liver make it a promising tool for the precise diagnosis of liver damage at an early stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/cbmi.4c00022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142075408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Yu, Jie Xu, Siyue Ma, Chao Wang, Qing Miao, Linlin Wang and Guang Chen*,
Biological gasotransmitters (small molecules of gases) play important roles in signal transduction mechanisms and disease treatments. Although a large number of small-molecule donors have been developed, visualizing the release of small molecules remains challenging. Owing to their unique optical properties, fluorophores have been widely applied in cellular imaging and tracking. Researchers have used various fluorophores to develop small-molecule donors with fluorescent activity for visualizing the release of small molecules and their related therapies. These include fluorophores and their derivatives such as boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY), coumarin, 1,8-naphthalimide, hemicyanine, porphyrin, rhodamine, and fluorescein. In this review, we summarize the design concepts of functional fluorescent small-molecule donors in terms of different types of fluorophores. Then, we discuss how these donors release small molecules, and the imaging modalities and biomedical applications facilitated by their fluorescent properties. With the systematic discussion of these publications, we hope to provide useful references for the development of more practical, advanced fluorescent small-molecule donors in the future.
{"title":"Visible Tracking of Small Molecules of Gases with Fluorescent Donors","authors":"Jing Yu, Jie Xu, Siyue Ma, Chao Wang, Qing Miao, Linlin Wang and Guang Chen*, ","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.4c00006","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbmi.4c00006","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Biological gasotransmitters (small molecules of gases) play important roles in signal transduction mechanisms and disease treatments. Although a large number of small-molecule donors have been developed, visualizing the release of small molecules remains challenging. Owing to their unique optical properties, fluorophores have been widely applied in cellular imaging and tracking. Researchers have used various fluorophores to develop small-molecule donors with fluorescent activity for visualizing the release of small molecules and their related therapies. These include fluorophores and their derivatives such as boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY), coumarin, 1,8-naphthalimide, hemicyanine, porphyrin, rhodamine, and fluorescein. In this review, we summarize the design concepts of functional fluorescent small-molecule donors in terms of different types of fluorophores. Then, we discuss how these donors release small molecules, and the imaging modalities and biomedical applications facilitated by their fluorescent properties. With the systematic discussion of these publications, we hope to provide useful references for the development of more practical, advanced fluorescent small-molecule donors in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/cbmi.4c00006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140784897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metal-supported ultrathin ferrous oxide (FeO) has attracted immense interest in academia and industry due to its widespread applications in heterogeneous catalysis. However, chemical insight into the local structural characteristics of FeO, despite its critical importance in elucidating structure–property relationships, remains elusive. In this work, we report the nanoscale chemical probing of gold (Au)-supported ultrathin FeO via ultrahigh-vacuum tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (UHV-TERS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). For comparative analysis, single-crystal Au(111) and Au(100) substrates are used to tune the interfacial properties of FeO. Although STM images show distinctly different moiré superstructures on FeO nanoislands on Au(111) and Au(100), TERS demonstrates the same chemical nature of FeO by comparable vibrational features. In addition, combined TERS and STM measurements identify a unique wrinkled FeO structure on Au(100), which is correlated to the reassembly of the intrinsic Au(100) surface reconstruction due to FeO deposition. Beyond revealing the morphologies of ultrathin FeO on Au substrates, our study provides a thorough understanding of the local interfacial properties and interactions of FeO on Au, which could shed light on the rational design of metal-supported FeO catalysts. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the promising utility of combined TERS and STM in chemically probing the structural properties of metal-supported ultrathin oxides on the nanoscale.
金属支撑的超薄氧化亚铁(FeO)因其在异相催化中的广泛应用而引起了学术界和工业界的极大兴趣。然而,尽管氧化铁的局部结构特征在阐明结构-性能关系方面至关重要,但对其化学性质的深入研究却仍然遥遥无期。在这项工作中,我们报告了通过超高真空尖端增强拉曼光谱(UHV-TERS)和扫描隧道显微镜(STM)对金(Au)支撑的超薄氧化铁进行纳米级化学探测的结果。为了进行比较分析,使用了单晶金(111)和金(100)基底来调整氧化铁的界面特性。虽然 STM 图像显示 Au(111) 和 Au(100) 上的 FeO 纳米岛具有明显不同的摩尔纹超微结构,但 TERS 通过相似的振动特征证明了 FeO 相同的化学性质。此外,结合 TERS 和 STM 测量,还发现了 Au(100) 上独特的皱褶 FeO 结构,这与 FeO 沉积导致的 Au(100) 固有表面重构的重新组合有关。除了揭示金基底上超薄氧化铁的形态之外,我们的研究还提供了对金上氧化铁的局部界面性质和相互作用的透彻理解,这有助于合理设计金属支撑的氧化铁催化剂。此外,这项工作还证明了 TERS 和 STM 在化学探测纳米级金属支撑超薄氧化物结构特性方面的巨大潜力。
{"title":"Nanoscale Chemical Probing of Metal-Supported Ultrathin Ferrous Oxide via Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy","authors":"Dairong Liu, Linfei Li and Nan Jiang*, ","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.4c00015","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbmi.4c00015","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Metal-supported ultrathin ferrous oxide (FeO) has attracted immense interest in academia and industry due to its widespread applications in heterogeneous catalysis. However, chemical insight into the local structural characteristics of FeO, despite its critical importance in elucidating structure–property relationships, remains elusive. In this work, we report the nanoscale chemical probing of gold (Au)-supported ultrathin FeO via ultrahigh-vacuum tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (UHV-TERS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). For comparative analysis, single-crystal Au(111) and Au(100) substrates are used to tune the interfacial properties of FeO. Although STM images show distinctly different moiré superstructures on FeO nanoislands on Au(111) and Au(100), TERS demonstrates the same chemical nature of FeO by comparable vibrational features. In addition, combined TERS and STM measurements identify a unique wrinkled FeO structure on Au(100), which is correlated to the reassembly of the intrinsic Au(100) surface reconstruction due to FeO deposition. Beyond revealing the morphologies of ultrathin FeO on Au substrates, our study provides a thorough understanding of the local interfacial properties and interactions of FeO on Au, which could shed light on the rational design of metal-supported FeO catalysts. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the promising utility of combined TERS and STM in chemically probing the structural properties of metal-supported ultrathin oxides on the nanoscale.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/cbmi.4c00015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.4c0001010.1021/cbmi.4c00010
Ran Lin, and , Yuhong Wang*,
The ribosome, a 2.6 megadalton biomolecule measuring approximately 20 nm in diameter, coordinates numerous ligands, factors, and regulators to translate proteins with high fidelity and speed. Understanding its complex functions necessitates multiperspective observations. We developed a dual-FRET single-molecule Förste Resonance Energy Transfer method (dual-smFRET), allowing simultaneous observation and correlation of tRNA dynamics and Elongation Factor G (EF-G) conformations in the same complex, in a 10 s time window. By synchronizing laser shutters and motorized filter sets, two FRET signals are captured in consecutive 5 s intervals with a time gap of 50–100 ms. We observed distinct fluorescent emissions from single-, double-, and quadruple-labeled ribosome complexes. Through comprehensive spectrum analysis and correction, we distinguish and correlate conformational changes in two parts of the ribosome, offering additional perspectives on its coordination and timing during translocation. Our setup’s versatility, accommodating up to six FRET pairs, suggests broader applications in studying large biomolecules and various biological systems.
{"title":"Developing Multichannel smFRET Approach to Dissecting Ribosomal Mechanisms","authors":"Ran Lin, and , Yuhong Wang*, ","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.4c0001010.1021/cbmi.4c00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.4c00010https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.4c00010","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The ribosome, a 2.6 megadalton biomolecule measuring approximately 20 nm in diameter, coordinates numerous ligands, factors, and regulators to translate proteins with high fidelity and speed. Understanding its complex functions necessitates multiperspective observations. We developed a dual-FRET single-molecule Förste Resonance Energy Transfer method (dual-smFRET), allowing simultaneous observation and correlation of tRNA dynamics and Elongation Factor G (EF-G) conformations in the same complex, in a 10 s time window. By synchronizing laser shutters and motorized filter sets, two FRET signals are captured in consecutive 5 s intervals with a time gap of 50–100 ms. We observed distinct fluorescent emissions from single-, double-, and quadruple-labeled ribosome complexes. Through comprehensive spectrum analysis and correction, we distinguish and correlate conformational changes in two parts of the ribosome, offering additional perspectives on its coordination and timing during translocation. Our setup’s versatility, accommodating up to six FRET pairs, suggests broader applications in studying large biomolecules and various biological systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/cbmi.4c00010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141959304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul D. Quinn*, Malena Sabaté Landman, Tom Davis, Melina Freitag, Silvia Gazzola and Sergey Dolgov,
The application of X-ray spectro-microscopy to image changes in the chemical state in application areas such as catalysis, environmental science, or biological samples can be limited by factors such as the speed of measurement, the presence of dilute concentrations, radiation damage, and thermal drift during the measurement. We have adapted a reduced-order model approach, known as the discrete empirical interpolation method, which identifies how to optimally subsample the spectroscopic information, accounting for background variations in the signal, to provide an accurate approximation of an equivalent full spectroscopic measurement from the sampled material. This approach uses readily available prior information to guide and significantly reduce the sampling requirements impacting both the total X-ray dose and the acquisition time. The reduced-order model approach can be adapted more broadly to any spectral or spectro-microscopy measurement where a low-rank approximation can be made from prior information on the possible states of a system, and examples of the approach are presented.
在催化、环境科学或生物样本等应用领域,X 射线光谱显微镜在成像化学状态变化方面的应用可能会受到测量速度、稀释浓度、辐射损伤和测量过程中的热漂移等因素的限制。我们采用了一种称为离散经验插值法的降阶模型方法,该方法可确定如何对光谱信息进行最佳子采样,同时考虑到信号中的背景变化,从而提供采样材料等效全光谱测量的精确近似值。这种方法利用现成的先验信息来指导并大大降低对总 X 射线剂量和采集时间有影响的采样要求。减阶模型方法可以更广泛地应用于任何光谱或光谱显微测量,在这些测量中,可以根据系统可能状态的先验信息进行低阶近似。
{"title":"Optimal Sparse Energy Sampling for X-ray Spectro-Microscopy: Reducing the X-ray Dose and Experiment Time Using Model Order Reduction","authors":"Paul D. Quinn*, Malena Sabaté Landman, Tom Davis, Melina Freitag, Silvia Gazzola and Sergey Dolgov, ","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.3c00116","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbmi.3c00116","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The application of X-ray spectro-microscopy to image changes in the chemical state in application areas such as catalysis, environmental science, or biological samples can be limited by factors such as the speed of measurement, the presence of dilute concentrations, radiation damage, and thermal drift during the measurement. We have adapted a reduced-order model approach, known as the discrete empirical interpolation method, which identifies how to optimally subsample the spectroscopic information, accounting for background variations in the signal, to provide an accurate approximation of an equivalent full spectroscopic measurement from the sampled material. This approach uses readily available prior information to guide and significantly reduce the sampling requirements impacting both the total X-ray dose and the acquisition time. The reduced-order model approach can be adapted more broadly to any spectral or spectro-microscopy measurement where a low-rank approximation can be made from prior information on the possible states of a system, and examples of the approach are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/cbmi.3c00116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140228688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qingrui Li, Zhenyang Ding*, Yongle Li*, Kun Liu, Rongyang Zhu, Junfeng Jiang and Tiegen Liu,
Medium depolarization imaging by catheter-based polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) can provide valuable insight into significant features of lipid, macrophages, and cholesterol crystals in atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques. In this paper, we demonstrate a method to achieve an accurate estimation of the medium depolarization index (EMDI) with noise immunity in catheter-based PS-OCT. EMDI is calculated by an iterative approximation based on Lu–Chipman matrix decomposition and Frobenius norm judgment of incoherent averaging of Mueller matrices. Monte Carlo simulation results verify that the medium depolarization measurement by EMDI is 3.3 times more accurate compared with those of the depolarization index (DI) and degree of polarization uniformity (DOPU). In experiments, we design a microsphere suspension with various concentrations and measure EMDI under different additive noise. Consistently, the measurement accuracy by EMDI is increased 2.85 times compared to those by DI and DOPU. For vascular plaques detection, we use protein and cholesterol gel as plaque phantoms. Based on PS-OCT images of plaque phantom in vitro and in ex vivo porcine coronary artery, the recognition rate of plaque by EMDI is 2.99 to 4.65 times higher than those by DI and DOPU evaluated by spatial response of the Laplacian operator (SRLO).
{"title":"Estimation of Medium Depolarization Index with Noise Immunity in Catheter-Based PS-OCT toward Vascular Plaques Detection","authors":"Qingrui Li, Zhenyang Ding*, Yongle Li*, Kun Liu, Rongyang Zhu, Junfeng Jiang and Tiegen Liu, ","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.3c00119","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbmi.3c00119","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Medium depolarization imaging by catheter-based polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) can provide valuable insight into significant features of lipid, macrophages, and cholesterol crystals in atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques. In this paper, we demonstrate a method to achieve an accurate estimation of the medium depolarization index (EMDI) with noise immunity in catheter-based PS-OCT. EMDI is calculated by an iterative approximation based on Lu–Chipman matrix decomposition and Frobenius norm judgment of incoherent averaging of Mueller matrices. Monte Carlo simulation results verify that the medium depolarization measurement by EMDI is 3.3 times more accurate compared with those of the depolarization index (DI) and degree of polarization uniformity (DOPU). In experiments, we design a microsphere suspension with various concentrations and measure EMDI under different additive noise. Consistently, the measurement accuracy by EMDI is increased 2.85 times compared to those by DI and DOPU. For vascular plaques detection, we use protein and cholesterol gel as plaque phantoms. Based on PS-OCT images of plaque phantom in vitro and in ex vivo porcine coronary artery, the recognition rate of plaque by EMDI is 2.99 to 4.65 times higher than those by DI and DOPU evaluated by spatial response of the Laplacian operator (SRLO).</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/cbmi.3c00119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140243663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cyril Besnard*, Ali Marie, Sisini Sasidharan, Hans Deyhle, Andrew M. James, Sharif I. Ahmed, Christina Reinhard, Robert A. Harper, Richard M. Shelton, Gabriel Landini and Alexander M. Korsunsky*,
The Dual Imaging and Diffraction (DIAD) beamline at Diamond Light Source (Didcot, U.K.) implements a correlative approach to the dynamic study of materials based on concurrent analysis of identical sample locations using complementary X-ray modalities to reveal structural detail at various length scales. Namely, the underlying beamline principle and its practical implementation allow the collocation of chosen regions within the sample and their interrogation using real-space imaging (radiography and tomography) and reciprocal space scattering (diffraction). The switching between the two principal modes is made smooth and rapid by design, so that the data collected is interlaced to obtain near-simultaneous multimodal characterization. Different specific photon energies are used for each mode, and the interlacing of acquisition steps allows conducting static and dynamic experiments. Building on the demonstrated realization of this state-of-the-art approach requires further refining of the experimental practice, namely, the methods for gauge volume collocation under different modes of beam–sample interaction. To address this challenge, experiments were conducted at DIAD devoted to the study of human dental enamel, a hierarchical structure composed of hydroxyapatite mineral nanocrystals, as a static sample previously affected by dental caries (tooth decay) as well as under dynamic conditions simulating the process of acid demineralization. Collocation and correlation were achieved between WAXS (wide-angle X-ray scattering), 2D (radiographic), and 3D (tomographic) imaging. While X-ray imaging in 2D or 3D modes reveals real-space details of the sample microstructure, X-ray scattering data for each gauge volume provided statistical nanoscale and ultrastructural polycrystal reciprocal-space information such as phase and preferred orientation (texture). Careful registration of the gauge volume positions recorded during the scans allowed direct covisualization of the data from two modalities. Diffraction gauge volumes were identified and visualized within the tomographic data sets, revealing the underlying local information to support the interpretation of the diffraction patterns. The present implementation of the 4D microscopy paradigm allowed following the progression of demineralization and its correlation with time-dependent WAXS pattern evolution in an approach that is transferable to other material systems.
钻石光源(英国 Didcot)的双成像和衍射(DIAD)光束线采用相关方法对材料进行动态研究,该方法基于使用互补 X 射线模式对相同样品位置进行同步分析,以揭示不同长度尺度的结构细节。也就是说,光束线的基本原理及其实际应用允许在样品中将选定的区域放在一起,并使用真实空间成像(射线照相术和断层扫描)和倒易空间散射(衍射)对其进行检查。通过设计,两种主要模式之间的切换既平滑又迅速,因此收集到的数据可以交错进行,从而获得近乎同步的多模式表征。每种模式使用不同的特定光子能量,采集步骤的交错允许进行静态和动态实验。要实现这一先进方法,需要进一步完善实验实践,即在光束与样品相互作用的不同模式下进行量规体积配准的方法。为了应对这一挑战,在 DIAD 进行了专门研究人类牙釉质(一种由羟基磷灰石矿物纳米晶体组成的分层结构)的实验,将其作为先前受龋齿(蛀牙)影响的静态样本,并在模拟酸脱矿过程的动态条件下进行研究。在 WAXS(广角 X 射线散射)、二维(射线成像)和三维(断层扫描)成像之间实现了配对和关联。二维或三维模式下的 X 射线成像可显示样品微观结构的真实空间细节,而每个量具体积的 X 射线散射数据则可提供纳米级和超微结构多晶体倒易空间的统计信息,例如相位和优先取向(纹理)。对扫描过程中记录的量规体积位置进行仔细登记,可直接将两种模式的数据共视化。衍射量规体积在断层扫描数据集中被识别和可视化,揭示了支持衍射图样解释的基本局部信息。目前实施的四维显微镜范例可以跟踪脱矿化的进展及其与随时间变化的 WAXS 图案演变的相关性,这种方法可用于其他材料系统。
{"title":"The DIAD Approach to Correlative Synchrotron X-ray Imaging and Diffraction Analysis of Human Enamel","authors":"Cyril Besnard*, Ali Marie, Sisini Sasidharan, Hans Deyhle, Andrew M. James, Sharif I. Ahmed, Christina Reinhard, Robert A. Harper, Richard M. Shelton, Gabriel Landini and Alexander M. Korsunsky*, ","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.3c00122","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbmi.3c00122","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The Dual Imaging and Diffraction (DIAD) beamline at Diamond Light Source (Didcot, U.K.) implements a correlative approach to the dynamic study of materials based on concurrent analysis of identical sample locations using complementary X-ray modalities to reveal structural detail at various length scales. Namely, the underlying beamline principle and its practical implementation allow the collocation of chosen regions within the sample and their interrogation using real-space imaging (radiography and tomography) and reciprocal space scattering (diffraction). The switching between the two principal modes is made smooth and rapid by design, so that the data collected is interlaced to obtain near-simultaneous multimodal characterization. Different specific photon energies are used for each mode, and the interlacing of acquisition steps allows conducting static and dynamic experiments. Building on the demonstrated realization of this state-of-the-art approach requires further refining of the experimental practice, namely, the methods for gauge volume collocation under different modes of beam–sample interaction. To address this challenge, experiments were conducted at DIAD devoted to the study of human dental enamel, a hierarchical structure composed of hydroxyapatite mineral nanocrystals, as a static sample previously affected by dental caries (tooth decay) as well as under dynamic conditions simulating the process of acid demineralization. Collocation and correlation were achieved between WAXS (wide-angle X-ray scattering), 2D (radiographic), and 3D (tomographic) imaging. While X-ray imaging in 2D or 3D modes reveals real-space details of the sample microstructure, X-ray scattering data for each gauge volume provided statistical nanoscale and ultrastructural polycrystal reciprocal-space information such as phase and preferred orientation (texture). Careful registration of the gauge volume positions recorded during the scans allowed direct covisualization of the data from two modalities. Diffraction gauge volumes were identified and visualized within the tomographic data sets, revealing the underlying local information to support the interpretation of the diffraction patterns. The present implementation of the 4D microscopy paradigm allowed following the progression of demineralization and its correlation with time-dependent WAXS pattern evolution in an approach that is transferable to other material systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/cbmi.3c00122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140076927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rizwana Asghar, Yongchuang Li, Fangjun Huo* and Caixia Yin*,
Due to the biological importance of cysteine (Cys), the development of organic fluorescence probes for Cys has been a wide, potent, and outstanding research field in most recent years. It has been used as a biomarker in treating various diseases; therefore, developing a sensing mechanism for detecting Cys is very important. In this Review, we focus on and summarize the specific results of recent exciting literature regarding the sensing mechanism of Cys-specific fluorescence probes and their applications in Cys recognition. Moreover, a design strategy of the sensing mechanism of Cys can be classified into seven reaction mechanisms, including the aromatic substitution rearrangement reaction, cyclization of aldehyde, Michael addition reaction, Se–N or S–S or bond cleavage reaction, addition cyclization of acrylate, metal complex reaction, and nucleophilic substitution reaction. In all sections, discussions have corresponded to Cys-specific sensing mechanisms, which consist of emission, color changes, and detection limits and deal with the application and recognition sites of molecules. Future directions and challenges have been proposed for the preparation of Cys-specific probes.
{"title":"Sensing Mechanism of Cysteine Specific Fluorescence Probes and Their Application of Cysteine Recognition","authors":"Rizwana Asghar, Yongchuang Li, Fangjun Huo* and Caixia Yin*, ","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.4c00001","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbmi.4c00001","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Due to the biological importance of cysteine (Cys), the development of organic fluorescence probes for Cys has been a wide, potent, and outstanding research field in most recent years. It has been used as a biomarker in treating various diseases; therefore, developing a sensing mechanism for detecting Cys is very important. In this Review, we focus on and summarize the specific results of recent exciting literature regarding the sensing mechanism of Cys-specific fluorescence probes and their applications in Cys recognition. Moreover, a design strategy of the sensing mechanism of Cys can be classified into seven reaction mechanisms, including the aromatic substitution rearrangement reaction, cyclization of aldehyde, Michael addition reaction, Se–N or S–S or bond cleavage reaction, addition cyclization of acrylate, metal complex reaction, and nucleophilic substitution reaction. In all sections, discussions have corresponded to Cys-specific sensing mechanisms, which consist of emission, color changes, and detection limits and deal with the application and recognition sites of molecules. Future directions and challenges have been proposed for the preparation of Cys-specific probes.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/cbmi.4c00001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140422336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c0012310.1021/cbmi.3c00123
Xing Tian, Jiayi Cheng, Lei Yang*, Zhanxian Li* and Mingming Yu*,
Hydrogen peroxide and polarity are closely related to many physiological activities and pathological processes. However, near-infrared fluorescent probes that are sensitive to both H2O2 and polarity are still scarce. Herein, we developed the first dual-channel near-infrared fluorescent probe NBO, with an AIE effect, enabling simultaneous monitoring of H2O2 and polarity. The probe presented high sensitivity, high selectivity, and low detection limit for H2O2. It also had high sensitivity to polarity, independent of pH and viscosity, with large Stokes shifts, good photostability, and low cytotoxicity. Moreover, NBO was able to detect both endogenous and exogenous H2O2 as well as polarity fluctuations in vivo as a method to effectively differentiate between cancer cells and normal cells. Importantly, it also could monitor the therapeutic effects of drugs in inflammation and iron-dead cells and mice. Based on NIR emission, NBO could be used as an imaging tool and a way to evaluate the therapeutic effect of drugs for inflammation and ferroptosis.
{"title":"A NIR Dual-Channel Fluorescent Probe for Fluctuations of Intracellular Polarity and H2O2 and Its Applications for the Visualization of Inflammation and Ferroptosis","authors":"Xing Tian, Jiayi Cheng, Lei Yang*, Zhanxian Li* and Mingming Yu*, ","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.3c0012310.1021/cbmi.3c00123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.3c00123https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.3c00123","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hydrogen peroxide and polarity are closely related to many physiological activities and pathological processes. However, near-infrared fluorescent probes that are sensitive to both H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and polarity are still scarce. Herein, we developed the first dual-channel near-infrared fluorescent probe NBO, with an AIE effect, enabling simultaneous monitoring of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and polarity. The probe presented high sensitivity, high selectivity, and low detection limit for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. It also had high sensitivity to polarity, independent of pH and viscosity, with large Stokes shifts, good photostability, and low cytotoxicity. Moreover, NBO was able to detect both endogenous and exogenous H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> as well as polarity fluctuations <i>in vivo</i> as a method to effectively differentiate between cancer cells and normal cells. Importantly, it also could monitor the therapeutic effects of drugs in inflammation and iron-dead cells and mice. Based on NIR emission, NBO could be used as an imaging tool and a way to evaluate the therapeutic effect of drugs for inflammation and ferroptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/cbmi.3c00123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141955317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cyril Besnard*, Ali Marie, Sisini Sasidharan, Shashidhara Marathe, Kaz Wanelik, Robert A. Harper, Christoph Rau, Richard M. Shelton, Gabriel Landini and Alexander M. Korsunsky*,
High-resolution spatial and temporal analysis and 3D visualization of time-dependent processes, such as human dental enamel acid demineralization, often present a challenging task. Overcoming this challenge often requires the development of special methods. Dental caries remains one of the most important oral diseases that involves the demineralization of hard dental tissues as a consequence of acid production by oral bacteria. Enamel has a hierarchically organized architecture that extends down to the nanostructural level and requires high resolution to study its evolution in detail. Enamel demineralization is a dynamic process that is best investigated with the help of in situ experiments. In previous studies, synchrotron tomography was applied to study the 3D enamel structure at certain time points (time-lapse tomography). Here, another distinct approach to time-evolving tomography studies is presented, whereby the sample image is reconstructed as it undergoes continuous rotation over a virtually unlimited angular range. The resulting (single) data set contains the data for multiple (potentially overlapping) intermediate tomograms that can be extracted and analyzed as desired using time-stepping selection of data subsets from the continuous fly-scan recording. One of the advantages of this approach is that it reduces the amount of time required to collect an equivalent number of single tomograms. Another advantage is that the nominal time step between successive reconstructions can be significantly reduced. We applied this approach to the study of acidic enamel demineralization and observed the progression of demineralization over time steps significantly smaller than the total acquisition time of a single tomogram, with a voxel size smaller than 0.5 μm. It is expected that the approach presented in this paper can be useful for high-resolution studies of other dynamic processes and for assessing small structural modifications in evolving hierarchical materials.
{"title":"Advanced Time-Stepping Interpretation of Fly-Scan Continuous Rotation Synchrotron Tomography of Dental Enamel Demineralization","authors":"Cyril Besnard*, Ali Marie, Sisini Sasidharan, Shashidhara Marathe, Kaz Wanelik, Robert A. Harper, Christoph Rau, Richard M. Shelton, Gabriel Landini and Alexander M. Korsunsky*, ","doi":"10.1021/cbmi.3c00121","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbmi.3c00121","url":null,"abstract":"<p >High-resolution spatial and temporal analysis and 3D visualization of time-dependent processes, such as human dental enamel acid demineralization, often present a challenging task. Overcoming this challenge often requires the development of special methods. Dental caries remains one of the most important oral diseases that involves the demineralization of hard dental tissues as a consequence of acid production by oral bacteria. Enamel has a hierarchically organized architecture that extends down to the nanostructural level and requires high resolution to study its evolution in detail. Enamel demineralization is a dynamic process that is best investigated with the help of <i>in situ</i> experiments. In previous studies, synchrotron tomography was applied to study the 3D enamel structure at certain time points (time-lapse tomography). Here, another distinct approach to time-evolving tomography studies is presented, whereby the sample image is reconstructed as it undergoes continuous rotation over a virtually unlimited angular range. The resulting (single) data set contains the data for multiple (potentially overlapping) intermediate tomograms that can be extracted and analyzed as desired using time-stepping selection of data subsets from the continuous fly-scan recording. One of the advantages of this approach is that it reduces the amount of time required to collect an equivalent number of single tomograms. Another advantage is that the nominal time step between successive reconstructions can be significantly reduced. We applied this approach to the study of acidic enamel demineralization and observed the progression of demineralization over time steps significantly smaller than the total acquisition time of a single tomogram, with a voxel size smaller than 0.5 μm. It is expected that the approach presented in this paper can be useful for high-resolution studies of other dynamic processes and for assessing small structural modifications in evolving hierarchical materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":53181,"journal":{"name":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/cbmi.3c00121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139853102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}