Pub Date : 2015-08-14DOI: 10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151559
Rafael Lucian, J. S. Dornelas
This theoretical essay aims to study how scales are developed and through which procedures they can be considered valid and suitable for use as legitimate scientific instruments. In this perspective, this paper's objective was to develop a protocol for constructing scales to measure attitude. The proposed protocol is configured as a logical meeting of steps based on theorists such as Allport and Hartman (1925), Thurstone (1928), Likert (1932), Campbell and Fiske (1959)and Bock (1972), which permeate all aspects of drafting scales, including construct definition, the choice of the scale itself, item preparation, scale purification, and finally its validation. At the end of the study, we present a protocol for the preparation of specific scales to measure attitude that differs from existing protocols in Churchill (1979), Rossiter (2002) and DeVellis (2003). This is in order to unite for the first time a set of promising techniques, primarily the objective delineation of the construct using focus group methodology, the proposition of an inherently dichotomous scale, scale purification via item response theory (IRT), and predictive validity.
这篇理论论文旨在研究量表是如何发展的，以及通过哪些程序，它们可以被认为是有效的，适合作为合法的科学仪器使用。从这个角度来看，本文的目的是制定一个协议来构建量表来测量态度。根据Allport and Hartman(1925)、Thurstone(1928)、Likert(1932)、Campbell and Fiske(1959)和Bock(1972)等理论家的理论，所提出的协议被配置为步骤的逻辑会议，这些步骤渗透到起草量表的各个方面，包括结构定义、量表本身的选择、项目准备、量表纯化，最后是其验证。在研究结束时，我们提出了一份协议，用于准备特定的尺度来测量态度，不同于丘吉尔(1979)，罗西特(2002)和威利斯(2003)现有的协议。这是为了第一次统一一套有前途的技术，主要是使用焦点小组方法客观描述结构，固有二分量表的主张，通过项目反应理论(IRT)进行量表净化，以及预测效度。
{"title":"Mensuração de Atitude: Proposição de um Protocolo de Elaboração de Escalas","authors":"Rafael Lucian, J. S. Dornelas","doi":"10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151559","url":null,"abstract":"This theoretical essay aims to study how scales are developed and through which procedures they can be considered valid and suitable for use as legitimate scientific instruments. In this perspective, this paper's objective was to develop a protocol for constructing scales to measure attitude. The proposed protocol is configured as a logical meeting of steps based on theorists such as Allport and Hartman (1925), Thurstone (1928), Likert (1932), Campbell and Fiske (1959)and Bock (1972), which permeate all aspects of drafting scales, including construct definition, the choice of the scale itself, item preparation, scale purification, and finally its validation. At the end of the study, we present a protocol for the preparation of specific scales to measure attitude that differs from existing protocols in Churchill (1979), Rossiter (2002) and DeVellis (2003). This is in order to unite for the first time a set of promising techniques, primarily the objective delineation of the construct using focus group methodology, the proposition of an inherently dichotomous scale, scale purification via item response theory (IRT), and predictive validity.","PeriodicalId":53246,"journal":{"name":"RAC Revista de Administracao Contemporanea","volume":"19 1","pages":"157-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151559","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67230301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-14DOI: 10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151840
Valter Afonso Vieira, J. Silva, Sean Cassiolato Berbert, V. Faia
This paper's main goal is to understand the impact of control systems on the relationship between a salesperson's effort and their performance. The control systems have two perspectives: outcome and behavior. The difference between them is how a salesperson is evaluated in regards to their job. If the sales manager is only concerned with sales results, the control system is based on outcome. However, if the sales manager is concerned with a salesperson's capacities, abilities and knowledge, the control system is based on behavior. Based on the theories developed by Anderson and Oliver (1987) and Oliver and Anderson (1994), we proposed a theoretical framework to explain sales performance, positioning the control system as a moderating variable. We undertook two descriptive field investigations to test the proposed model's hypotheses for pharmaceutical sales representatives and car dealer salespersons. We estimated four regression equations to test the hypotheses. The first conclusion is that the perception of product innovation by salespeople actually influences the launch of new products. The second conclusion showed that salesperson effort has a negative relationship with performance. Third, we demonstrated the moderating effect control systems have on the relationship between salesperson experience and sales efforts.
本文的主要目标是了解控制系统对销售人员的努力和业绩之间关系的影响。控制系统有两个视角:结果和行为。他们之间的区别在于如何评估销售人员的工作。如果销售经理只关心销售结果，那么控制系统是基于结果的。然而，如果销售经理关心的是销售人员的能力、能力和知识，那么控制系统是基于行为的。基于Anderson and Oliver(1987)和Oliver and Anderson(1994)的理论，我们提出了一个解释销售绩效的理论框架，将控制系统定位为一个调节变量。我们进行了两次描述性的实地调查，以检验提出的模型对医药销售代表和汽车经销商销售人员的假设。我们估计了四个回归方程来检验假设。第一个结论是销售人员对产品创新的认知实际上影响了新产品的推出。第二个结论表明销售员的努力与业绩呈负相关。第三，我们证明了控制系统对销售人员经验和销售努力之间关系的调节作用。
{"title":"Impacto do Sistema de Controle sobre a Venda de Novos Produtos","authors":"Valter Afonso Vieira, J. Silva, Sean Cassiolato Berbert, V. Faia","doi":"10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151840","url":null,"abstract":"This paper's main goal is to understand the impact of control systems on the relationship between a salesperson's effort and their performance. The control systems have two perspectives: outcome and behavior. The difference between them is how a salesperson is evaluated in regards to their job. If the sales manager is only concerned with sales results, the control system is based on outcome. However, if the sales manager is concerned with a salesperson's capacities, abilities and knowledge, the control system is based on behavior. Based on the theories developed by Anderson and Oliver (1987) and Oliver and Anderson (1994), we proposed a theoretical framework to explain sales performance, positioning the control system as a moderating variable. We undertook two descriptive field investigations to test the proposed model's hypotheses for pharmaceutical sales representatives and car dealer salespersons. We estimated four regression equations to test the hypotheses. The first conclusion is that the perception of product innovation by salespeople actually influences the launch of new products. The second conclusion showed that salesperson effort has a negative relationship with performance. Third, we demonstrated the moderating effect control systems have on the relationship between salesperson experience and sales efforts.","PeriodicalId":53246,"journal":{"name":"RAC Revista de Administracao Contemporanea","volume":"19 1","pages":"221-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151840","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67230643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-14DOI: 10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151507
Maribel Carvalho Suarez, F. Galindo, Václav Soukup Filho, Rafael Henrique Szymanski Machado
This article presents an investigation of the building process of an online brand-associated community. It uses netnographic methods to investigate an automotive community, created months before a new model was actually launched. The study highlights the motivation to gather information and to influence product launch as factors to mobilize community existence. Category involvement, aspirational positioning of the corporate brand and revolutionary promises for this product also seem to be relevant to promote the community. The research presents a typology of community members based on two dimensions: information about the category and user experience with the brand/model. The typology distinguishes between newbies (low information and low experience), theoretical (high information and low experience), pragmatic (low information and high experience) and experts (high information and high experience). The paper highlights logics that stratify members´ interactions, explaining community formation dynamics and evolution processes.
{"title":"Constituição de uma Comunidade Virtual de Marca no Lançamento de Novo Produto","authors":"Maribel Carvalho Suarez, F. Galindo, Václav Soukup Filho, Rafael Henrique Szymanski Machado","doi":"10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151507","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an investigation of the building process of an online brand-associated community. It uses netnographic methods to investigate an automotive community, created months before a new model was actually launched. The study highlights the motivation to gather information and to influence product launch as factors to mobilize community existence. Category involvement, aspirational positioning of the corporate brand and revolutionary promises for this product also seem to be relevant to promote the community. The research presents a typology of community members based on two dimensions: information about the category and user experience with the brand/model. The typology distinguishes between newbies (low information and low experience), theoretical (high information and low experience), pragmatic (low information and high experience) and experts (high information and high experience). The paper highlights logics that stratify members´ interactions, explaining community formation dynamics and evolution processes.","PeriodicalId":53246,"journal":{"name":"RAC Revista de Administracao Contemporanea","volume":"19 1","pages":"117-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151507","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67230235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-14DOI: 10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151579
Danielle Mantovani, M. M. Barboza, J. Viacava, Paulo Henrique Muller Prado
The regulatory focus theory suggests that consumers rely on their motivational focus (prevention vs. promotion) for their evaluations and decisions. Usually consumers prefer products that match their personal motivational focus. Previous studies show that this pattern preferably occurs when we are not motivated to process information. However, this study suggests that situations that require greater cognitive effort, in which the consumer needs more information to decide because of the difficulty of the task, messages that have an opposing motivational regulatory focus will be more persuasive. When consumers have not been previously exposed to difficult tasks which require more cognitive effort, their willingness to buy products presented in ways that match their regulatory fit will increase. Experiment 1 (n=257) showed evidence that task difficulty has a moderating role in ad-message persuasiveness. Experiment 2 (n=144) presents the same moderating effect of task difficulty on the regulatory fit (vs unfit) phenomenon for willingness to buy. Therefore, not all information compatible with consumer motivational focus is well evaluated. When greater cognitive effort is required, unfit messages may be more persuasive.
{"title":"Quando Forças Opostas Aumentam a Intenção de Compra? Foco Motivacional e Mensagens de Comunicação","authors":"Danielle Mantovani, M. M. Barboza, J. Viacava, Paulo Henrique Muller Prado","doi":"10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151579","url":null,"abstract":"The regulatory focus theory suggests that consumers rely on their motivational focus (prevention vs. promotion) for their evaluations and decisions. Usually consumers prefer products that match their personal motivational focus. Previous studies show that this pattern preferably occurs when we are not motivated to process information. However, this study suggests that situations that require greater cognitive effort, in which the consumer needs more information to decide because of the difficulty of the task, messages that have an opposing motivational regulatory focus will be more persuasive. When consumers have not been previously exposed to difficult tasks which require more cognitive effort, their willingness to buy products presented in ways that match their regulatory fit will increase. Experiment 1 (n=257) showed evidence that task difficulty has a moderating role in ad-message persuasiveness. Experiment 2 (n=144) presents the same moderating effect of task difficulty on the regulatory fit (vs unfit) phenomenon for willingness to buy. Therefore, not all information compatible with consumer motivational focus is well evaluated. When greater cognitive effort is required, unfit messages may be more persuasive.","PeriodicalId":53246,"journal":{"name":"RAC Revista de Administracao Contemporanea","volume":"19 1","pages":"178-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67230337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-24DOI: 10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151430
P. Figueiredo, X. L. Travassos
In the pharmaceutical industry, value is being destroyed through longer product development times. Given that patent lives are (normally) fixed at 20 years, the double hit of increasing time to market is evident - higher R & D costs and less time at market before generic competitors are able to be released into the marketplace. The Policy implications are massive: A huge and permanent shift away from internal R & D towards partnerships, licensing deals and acquisitions of more innovative biotechnology companies. In this study, we build a system dynamics model of the product development pipeline for a single company operating in the pharmaceutical market. The study shows that in the presence of loss of value due to longer lead times, it is more advantageous to: (a) work faster to reduce the backlog of projects; (b) increase the number of projects started whenever it is possible reduce complexity in the pipeline; and also (c) the optimal decision on resource allocation is independent of the loss of value due to longer lead times.
{"title":"The Effect of Longer Development Times on Product Pipeline Management Performance","authors":"P. Figueiredo, X. L. Travassos","doi":"10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151430","url":null,"abstract":"In the pharmaceutical industry, value is being destroyed through longer product development times. Given that patent lives are (normally) fixed at 20 years, the double hit of increasing time to market is evident - higher R & D costs and less time at market before generic competitors are able to be released into the marketplace. The Policy implications are massive: A huge and permanent shift away from internal R & D towards partnerships, licensing deals and acquisitions of more innovative biotechnology companies. In this study, we build a system dynamics model of the product development pipeline for a single company operating in the pharmaceutical market. The study shows that in the presence of loss of value due to longer lead times, it is more advantageous to: (a) work faster to reduce the backlog of projects; (b) increase the number of projects started whenever it is possible reduce complexity in the pipeline; and also (c) the optimal decision on resource allocation is independent of the loss of value due to longer lead times.","PeriodicalId":53246,"journal":{"name":"RAC Revista de Administracao Contemporanea","volume":"19 1","pages":"461-485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67229993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-24DOI: 10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151296
Edmilson Lima, R. A. Lopes, V. Nassif, Dirceu da Silva
The objective of this paper is to identify ways of improving higher education in entrepreneurship, focusing on Brazilian students who want to be self-employed or have their own business. In this article, they are named intentional founders. The study is a survey complemented by a short literature review. The online questionnaire was answered by 12, 604 Brazilian students from 37 public and private higher-education institutions. According to their answers, they present a higher demand for entrepreneurship education and a higher entrepreneurial intention than students from other countries. Three hypotheses were tested. Results show that more or less entrepreneurship education (EE) has no effect on students' entrepreneurial intention and self-efficacy (self-perception of being well-prepared to do successful entrepreneurial activities). On the other hand, entrepreneurial intention has a significant and positive association with demand for EE. Taking advantage of students' high demand seems attractive to facilitate the necessary improvement of EE in Brazil. The discussions and conclusions at the end of the paper offer recommendations not only for the improvement of higher education, but also for conducting further research.
{"title":"Ser seu próprio Patrão? Aperfeiçoando-se a Educação Superior em Empreendedorismo","authors":"Edmilson Lima, R. A. Lopes, V. Nassif, Dirceu da Silva","doi":"10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151296","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to identify ways of improving higher education in entrepreneurship, focusing on Brazilian students who want to be self-employed or have their own business. In this article, they are named intentional founders. The study is a survey complemented by a short literature review. The online questionnaire was answered by 12, 604 Brazilian students from 37 public and private higher-education institutions. According to their answers, they present a higher demand for entrepreneurship education and a higher entrepreneurial intention than students from other countries. Three hypotheses were tested. Results show that more or less entrepreneurship education (EE) has no effect on students' entrepreneurial intention and self-efficacy (self-perception of being well-prepared to do successful entrepreneurial activities). On the other hand, entrepreneurial intention has a significant and positive association with demand for EE. Taking advantage of students' high demand seems attractive to facilitate the necessary improvement of EE in Brazil. The discussions and conclusions at the end of the paper offer recommendations not only for the improvement of higher education, but also for conducting further research.","PeriodicalId":53246,"journal":{"name":"RAC Revista de Administracao Contemporanea","volume":"19 1","pages":"419-439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67229831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-24DOI: 10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151864
Marcelo Machado Teixeira de Andrade, E. Diniz
The aim of this paper is to investigate the importance of providing information necessary for the evaluation of public policies during the formulation phase. These policies often can be reformulated or adapted during the deployment process, making it difficult to identify during the formulation phase what information is needed for evaluation. This difficulty is especially manifested when the state is the formulator and independent agents are deployers, such as the financial inclusion policy discussed in this paper. Like other Central Bank (CB) policies, the financial inclusion project was formulated internally in the BC and implemented directly by financial system agents. Given these characteristics, we investigate this project under light of theories that articulate formulation, implementation and evaluation of public policies. From this study we conclude that, despite the impossibility of making a full estimate of the required information in the formulation stage, there are gains for the evaluation process if it is inserted into the formulation/implementation dynamics of public policies.
{"title":"Previsão de Informações para Avaliar Políticas Públicas: O Caso da Inclusão Financeira","authors":"Marcelo Machado Teixeira de Andrade, E. Diniz","doi":"10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151864","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to investigate the importance of providing information necessary for the evaluation of public policies during the formulation phase. These policies often can be reformulated or adapted during the deployment process, making it difficult to identify during the formulation phase what information is needed for evaluation. This difficulty is especially manifested when the state is the formulator and independent agents are deployers, such as the financial inclusion policy discussed in this paper. Like other Central Bank (CB) policies, the financial inclusion project was formulated internally in the BC and implemented directly by financial system agents. Given these characteristics, we investigate this project under light of theories that articulate formulation, implementation and evaluation of public policies. From this study we conclude that, despite the impossibility of making a full estimate of the required information in the formulation stage, there are gains for the evaluation process if it is inserted into the formulation/implementation dynamics of public policies.","PeriodicalId":53246,"journal":{"name":"RAC Revista de Administracao Contemporanea","volume":"19 1","pages":"508-524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67230659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-24DOI: 10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151951
L. Closs, Sidinei Rocha-de-Oliveira
The notion of what constitutes a career is interdisciplinary by nature, congregating views from an individual, organizations and society. Nevertheless, despite progress in discussions on the subject, recent studies have pointed towards the limitations of currently used theories, calling for greater interdisciplinarity (Arthur, 2008; Chudzikowski & Mayrhofer, 2011; Khapova & Arthur, 2011; Lawrence, 2011), since little evolution has occurred in this sense. In order to respond to the need for multidisciplinary research in career studies, this paperaims to presentandillustrate thepotential use oflife histories by analyzing the influences and limits on seven Brazilian executives' career paths through this method. Results are presented in two broad categories of analysis: (a) contextual influencesoncareers involving changes in the Brazilian economic and organizational setting, increased competition and need to increase knowledge in face of globalization, mobility demand and gender discrimination;(b) life stages andcareer choices, including individual aspects of their trajectories, such as family values, choice of undergraduate courses, entering the labor market and parenthood.
{"title":"História de Vida e Trajetórias Profissionais: Estudo com Executivos Brasileiros","authors":"L. Closs, Sidinei Rocha-de-Oliveira","doi":"10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151951","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of what constitutes a career is interdisciplinary by nature, congregating views from an individual, organizations and society. Nevertheless, despite progress in discussions on the subject, recent studies have pointed towards the limitations of currently used theories, calling for greater interdisciplinarity (Arthur, 2008; Chudzikowski & Mayrhofer, 2011; Khapova & Arthur, 2011; Lawrence, 2011), since little evolution has occurred in this sense. In order to respond to the need for multidisciplinary research in career studies, this paperaims to presentandillustrate thepotential use oflife histories by analyzing the influences and limits on seven Brazilian executives' career paths through this method. Results are presented in two broad categories of analysis: (a) contextual influencesoncareers involving changes in the Brazilian economic and organizational setting, increased competition and need to increase knowledge in face of globalization, mobility demand and gender discrimination;(b) life stages andcareer choices, including individual aspects of their trajectories, such as family values, choice of undergraduate courses, entering the labor market and parenthood.","PeriodicalId":53246,"journal":{"name":"RAC Revista de Administracao Contemporanea","volume":"19 1","pages":"525-543"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67230763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-24DOI: 10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151377
Manuel Portugal Ferreira, F. Serra
Internationalizing operations requires multinational corporations (MNCs) to develop strategies capable of simultaneously dealing with external institutional pressures towards legitimacy and internal institutional pressures towards conformity. In this conceptual paper we develop a set of theory-driven propositions on what are the internationalization strategies that MNCs must deploy given their institutional environments. Especially emphasizing the external institutional environment and differences in institutional development, we also approach the relevance of considering the internal institutional environment to the firm. Entry strategies tend to be based on low-involvement modes and on partnerships, such as joint-ventures, to enter institutionally immature or institutionally farther countries. Acquisitions and partnerships may be used when internal institutional pressures are weaker. We conclude with a broad discussion and avenues for future research.
{"title":"Abordagem Conceitual às Estratégias de Internacionalização sob Pressões Institucionais Duais para Legitimidade e Conformidade","authors":"Manuel Portugal Ferreira, F. Serra","doi":"10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151377","url":null,"abstract":"Internationalizing operations requires multinational corporations (MNCs) to develop strategies capable of simultaneously dealing with external institutional pressures towards legitimacy and internal institutional pressures towards conformity. In this conceptual paper we develop a set of theory-driven propositions on what are the internationalization strategies that MNCs must deploy given their institutional environments. Especially emphasizing the external institutional environment and differences in institutional development, we also approach the relevance of considering the internal institutional environment to the firm. Entry strategies tend to be based on low-involvement modes and on partnerships, such as joint-ventures, to enter institutionally immature or institutionally farther countries. Acquisitions and partnerships may be used when internal institutional pressures are weaker. We conclude with a broad discussion and avenues for future research.","PeriodicalId":53246,"journal":{"name":"RAC Revista de Administracao Contemporanea","volume":"19 1","pages":"440-460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/1982-7849RAC20151377","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67229875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-06DOI: 10.1590/1982-7849RAC20152062
R. Malaquias, S. Mamede
The aim of this paper was to analyze the relationship between Mondays and the profitability provided by Brazilian hedge funds. We used a data basis composed of 3,337 hedge funds, totaling 3,529,808 observations of daily data, during the period from January 2005 until September 2013. To test the hypothesis, we used regression with panel data and we inserted control variables in the model that the literature points out as relevant. The main results showed that the Monday effect also occurs in the hedge funds segment and this effect is intensified in periods of financial crisis. However, we show that the effect is not consistent across all sub-categories of hedge funds. The results were persistent for funds which don't have a redemption period, as well as for the control for the Ibovespa daily returns. The discussion was mainly based on Behavioral Finance Theory in seeking potential explanations for this anomaly.
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