Az írisz a legősibb és legértékesebb kultúrába vont növényeink egyike. Az egyiptomi fáraók idejétől kezdve, a pogány vallásokon át a kereszténységig különleges tisztelet övezte. Az ókori és középkori világban vallások és uralkodók széles köre alkalmazta szimbólumként a növényt, melynek használata az orvostudományban is évezredes múltra tekint vissza.Az íriszek a természetben és a kertekben egyaránt a leglenyűgözőbb növények közé tartoznak, nem túlzás, amikor az „Észak orchideái”-ként jellemzik őket. A nemzetség tagjai a virágszínek lélegzetelállító változatosságát vonultatják fel a már feketének tetsző sötétlilától, az ibolyán és rózsaszínen át a sárga és fehér virágokig. A tiszta piros kivételével bármilyen színárnyalatban megtalálhatók, virágjaik lehetnek egyszerű egy-, vagy akár három-négy színűek.Az íriszek alkalmazása is igen sokrétű, találunk köztük vágott virágként, kerti tavakban, sziklakertekben, magas- és évelőágyásokban használható fajokat és vízpart imitátorként is elterjedtek .A Magyarországon őshonos 8 írisz faj közül az Iris pseudacorus (sárga nőszirom) kivételével mindegyik védett, az Iris aphylla subsp. hungarica (magyar nőszirom) pedig fokozottan védett státuszt élvez.
{"title":"Az íriszek kultúrtörténete","authors":"János Sisa","doi":"10.17107/kh.2024.28.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2024.28.3","url":null,"abstract":"Az írisz a legősibb és legértékesebb kultúrába vont növényeink egyike. Az egyiptomi fáraók idejétől kezdve, a pogány vallásokon át a kereszténységig különleges tisztelet övezte. Az ókori és középkori világban vallások és uralkodók széles köre alkalmazta szimbólumként a növényt, melynek használata az orvostudományban is évezredes múltra tekint vissza.Az íriszek a természetben és a kertekben egyaránt a leglenyűgözőbb növények közé tartoznak, nem túlzás, amikor az „Észak orchideái”-ként jellemzik őket. A nemzetség tagjai a virágszínek lélegzetelállító változatosságát vonultatják fel a már feketének tetsző sötétlilától, az ibolyán és rózsaszínen át a sárga és fehér virágokig. A tiszta piros kivételével bármilyen színárnyalatban megtalálhatók, virágjaik lehetnek egyszerű egy-, vagy akár három-négy színűek.Az íriszek alkalmazása is igen sokrétű, találunk köztük vágott virágként, kerti tavakban, sziklakertekben, magas- és évelőágyásokban használható fajokat és vízpart imitátorként is elterjedtek .A Magyarországon őshonos 8 írisz faj közül az Iris pseudacorus (sárga nőszirom) kivételével mindegyik védett, az Iris aphylla subsp. hungarica (magyar nőszirom) pedig fokozottan védett státuszt élvez.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"330 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tivadar Kostka Csontváry is revered as a visionary and mystical painter, but it is rather not emphasised that he was also a meticulous observer and scientifically trained interpreter of nature. This study analyses his painting Great Tarpatak in the Tatras to show the influence that had the contemporary natural sciences (geology, evolutionary biology, psychology, spectroscopy) and trends that revitalised art (ballet, photography and the moving image) on Csontváry. His paintings and writings proved that his lifelong interest and commitment to the natural sciences were a defining part of his mystical vision of the world.
{"title":"A természetvizsgáló Csontváry","authors":"F. Csorba","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.53","url":null,"abstract":"Tivadar Kostka Csontváry is revered as a visionary and mystical painter, but it is rather not emphasised that he was also a meticulous observer and scientifically trained interpreter of nature. This study analyses his painting Great Tarpatak in the Tatras to show the influence that had the contemporary natural sciences (geology, evolutionary biology, psychology, spectroscopy) and trends that revitalised art (ballet, photography and the moving image) on Csontváry. His paintings and writings proved that his lifelong interest and commitment to the natural sciences were a defining part of his mystical vision of the world.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68230315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study based on the author’s doctoral dissertation presents the domestic implementation of international expectations about the mandated psychiatric treatment. In order to assess the Hungarian practice related to international expectations, it seems essential to review how society perceived people with intellectual disabilities in specific historical ages and how their role was established in contemporary communities. This popular imaging was being changed temporally depending on the prevailing culture and had undoubtedly a significant impact on the legislation.
{"title":"Az értelmi fogyatékos emberről alkotott társadalmi-mentális kép változásainak bemutatása","authors":"Anikó Kussinszky","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.16","url":null,"abstract":"This study based on the author’s doctoral dissertation presents the domestic implementation of international expectations about the mandated psychiatric treatment. In order to assess the Hungarian practice related to international expectations, it seems essential to review how society perceived people with intellectual disabilities in specific historical ages and how their role was established in contemporary communities. This popular imaging was being changed temporally depending on the prevailing culture and had undoubtedly a significant impact on the legislation.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68228101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 18. századi európai orvosképzés és a Duna-Kárpát-medencei orvostanhallagatók 1769 elött","authors":"Robert Offner","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68228634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Being healthy was obviously important in Christianity. Medicine preserved its independence and place for practical reasons in the Christian world throughout the Medieval Ages. Albeit, the Church considered physical health only as a secondary value and preferred essentially mental health instead. In the 16th century, however, at the dawn of the Reformation, the introductions of health advisory and dietetics booklets concerned the preservation of health not only as a necessary precondition, but a value, and even a moral duty of believers. This view is clearly proven by early sources of Hungarian medical vocabulary.
{"title":"A reformáció és a magyar orvosi nyelv","authors":"L. Magyar","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.51","url":null,"abstract":"Being healthy was obviously important in Christianity. Medicine preserved its independence and place for practical reasons in the Christian world throughout the Medieval Ages. Albeit, the Church considered physical health only as a secondary value and preferred essentially mental health instead. In the 16th century, however, at the dawn of the Reformation, the introductions of health advisory and dietetics booklets concerned the preservation of health not only as a necessary precondition, but a value, and even a moral duty of believers. This view is clearly proven by early sources of Hungarian medical vocabulary.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68230394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, we hear a lot about the availability of specific foods and their impact on the environment. There are significant differences in food distribution among regions of the World. The main reasons behind this are environmental conditions (climate, water sources), political factors and the transition of social and economic structures. Historically, it is obvious that food production followed closely the changing environment and society acknowledged it in the production and supply. Currently, society is experiencing a population explosion which the agricultural sector cannot adapt to in a sustainable way.
{"title":"Állati eredetű termékek fogyasztásának alakulása a kezdetektől napjainkig","authors":"Krisztina Bartos","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.6","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, we hear a lot about the availability of specific foods and their impact on the environment. There are significant differences in food distribution among regions of the World. The main reasons behind this are environmental conditions (climate, water sources), political factors and the transition of social and economic structures. Historically, it is obvious that food production followed closely the changing environment and society acknowledged it in the production and supply. Currently, society is experiencing a population explosion which the agricultural sector cannot adapt to in a sustainable way.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68230916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For many thousands of years, men recognised, collected and cultivated vegetables, fruits, cereals and other herbs not only as food but also as medicine in many cases for fighting various diseases. Ethnomedicine and early scientific medicine incorporated gradually and empirically in their own specific way the aetiology, diagnostics and therapy. The way of recognising and treating conditions included beliefs and rational and irrational elements respectively. The knowledge enhanced over millennia resulted eventually in the development of healing systems. The early medical practices of European people were influenced primarily by Greco-Roman and Asia Minor scientific medicine that was based also on Old-Egyptian traditions. Remarkably, there is no detectable direct impact of Far Eastern or American Indian medicine on the European medical culture, the cause of which is not only the large distance but also the significant difference in understanding health and ill health. This overview based also on the authors’ former research in the history of medicine concerns only the findings equally relevant both in nutrition and medicine.
{"title":"Élelmi és gyógynövények jelentősége a gyógyítás korai kultúrtörténetében","authors":"Blázovics Blázovics, B. Horváth","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.1","url":null,"abstract":"For many thousands of years, men recognised, collected and cultivated vegetables, fruits, cereals and other herbs not only as food but also as medicine in many cases for fighting various diseases. Ethnomedicine and early scientific medicine incorporated gradually and empirically in their own specific way the aetiology, diagnostics and therapy. The way of recognising and treating conditions included beliefs and rational and irrational elements respectively. The knowledge enhanced over millennia resulted eventually in the development of healing systems. The early medical practices of European people were influenced primarily by Greco-Roman and Asia Minor scientific medicine that was based also on Old-Egyptian traditions. Remarkably, there is no detectable direct impact of Far Eastern or American Indian medicine on the European medical culture, the cause of which is not only the large distance but also the significant difference in understanding health and ill health. This overview based also on the authors’ former research in the history of medicine concerns only the findings equally relevant both in nutrition and medicine.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68227738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oral hygiene was not a focus before the end of the 19th century.
在19世纪末之前，口腔卫生并不是人们关注的焦点。
{"title":"History of the dental floss","authors":"A. Spielman, J. Forrai","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.26","url":null,"abstract":"Oral hygiene was not a focus before the end of the 19th century.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68228333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The first bookseller-publisher company was established in Pest 1748. The book publishing and printing industry were primarily influenced by the growing number of educational and cultural institutions. The book publishing activity was greatly influenced by censorship mandates. We summarize these in a chronological order concerning especially the publication of medical textbooks.
{"title":"Pest könyves kultúrtörténeti kronológiája, 1748–1798. Áttekintés mindazon eseményekről, amelyek hatással lehettek Pest nyomdászatára és szakkönyv-kiadására","authors":"István Gazda","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.46","url":null,"abstract":"The first bookseller-publisher company was established in Pest 1748. The book publishing and printing industry were primarily influenced by the growing number of educational and cultural institutions. The book publishing activity was greatly influenced by censorship mandates. We summarize these in a chronological order concerning especially the publication of medical textbooks.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68229262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"History of the toothpick","authors":"A. Spielman, J. Forrai","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.41","url":null,"abstract":"The oldest oral hygiene tool is the toothpick.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68229418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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