In the early 20th century there were emerging many intellectual currents at the same time as an organic continuation of the Enlightenment, the materialist-based scientific thinking, such as Darwinism, Haeckelism, Marxism, and Einstein’s theory of relativity. At the same time, Goethe’s spiritual science, Kant’s moral philosophy, and pure Hegelian idealism were still influential, but there appeared already Nietzsche’s amoral philosophy, which was a contemporary philosophical response to the secularization of the world. A little bit later, were emerging Freudian psychoanalysis and its psychological branches (Jung, Ferenczy, Adler, etc.). As a counter-effect of materialism, there developed also esoteric trend as Neognostic Spiritualism, Theosophy and Anthroposophy, as well as the Freemasonry movement. These intellectual currents acted and fertilized simultaneously the bourgeois culture, science and art of that era. This ebullient intellectual environment favoured naturally the development of brilliant creators like Frigyes Karinthy. It is not by chance that there are detectable Gnostic elements in Karinty’s several writings, existential and eschatological ideas which are presented by exploring contemporary Neognostic trends in this study.
{"title":"Karinthy Frigyes, újgnosztikus áramlatok: spiritizmus; teozófia; antropozófia","authors":"Beáta Bacsó","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.7","url":null,"abstract":"In the early 20th century there were emerging many intellectual currents at the same time as an organic continuation of the Enlightenment, the materialist-based scientific thinking, such as Darwinism, Haeckelism, Marxism, and Einstein’s theory of relativity. At the same time, Goethe’s spiritual science, Kant’s moral philosophy, and pure Hegelian idealism were still influential, but there appeared already Nietzsche’s amoral philosophy, which was a contemporary philosophical response to the secularization of the world. A little bit later, were emerging Freudian psychoanalysis and its psychological branches (Jung, Ferenczy, Adler, etc.). As a counter-effect of materialism, there developed also esoteric trend as Neognostic Spiritualism, Theosophy and Anthroposophy, as well as the Freemasonry movement. These intellectual currents acted and fertilized simultaneously the bourgeois culture, science and art of that era. This ebullient intellectual environment favoured naturally the development of brilliant creators like Frigyes Karinthy. It is not by chance that there are detectable Gnostic elements in Karinty’s several writings, existential and eschatological ideas which are presented by exploring contemporary Neognostic trends in this study.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68230975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Birtalan Győző c. egyetemi tanár (1925-2023)","authors":"J. Forrai","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.58","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68230848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xerostomia means a decrease in saliva secretion and dryness of the oral mucosa. If the quality or quantity of saliva deviates from normal, it may be due to local or systemic disturbance with local and or systemic effects. This is a part of the Encyclopedia of the History of Dentistry.
{"title":"History of xerostomia","authors":"J. Forrai, A. Spielman","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.44","url":null,"abstract":"Xerostomia means a decrease in saliva secretion and dryness of the oral mucosa. If the quality or quantity of saliva deviates from normal, it may be due to local or systemic disturbance with local and or systemic effects. This is a part of the Encyclopedia of the History of Dentistry.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68229635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
More and more people are affected by borderline personality disorder and their comorbidities. All of these cause a significant disadvantage for both the individual with a mental disorder and his social environment. Concerning borderline personality disorder has been investigated for a very long time which are the main underlying causes and what life history determines its development
{"title":"A borderline személyiségzavar és a korai fejlesztés","authors":"Anikó Pázmándi","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.17","url":null,"abstract":"More and more people are affected by borderline personality disorder and their comorbidities. All of these cause a significant disadvantage for both the individual with a mental disorder and his social environment. Concerning borderline personality disorder has been investigated for a very long time which are the main underlying causes and what life history determines its development","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68228156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, personalised medicine is gaining ground. This article attempts to present the history of the development of this system from its beginnings to the main technological milestones. However, the evolution of personalised medicine is still ongoing. Newer and newer research and technological developments are aiming to make healthcare increasingly personalised, which may in the future allow for even more effective treatment and prevention of diseases. Personalised medicine is one of the most promising areas in healthcare, but it faces many challenges in the 21st century.
{"title":"A személyre szabott medicina fejlődése, története","authors":"Ádám Román","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.19","url":null,"abstract":"Today, personalised medicine is gaining ground. This article attempts to present the history of the development of this system from its beginnings to the main technological milestones. However, the evolution of personalised medicine is still ongoing. Newer and newer research and technological developments are aiming to make healthcare increasingly personalised, which may in the future allow for even more effective treatment and prevention of diseases. Personalised medicine is one of the most promising areas in healthcare, but it faces many challenges in the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68228286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Galen of Pergamon (129 – c. 216) was a Greek physician, surgeon, and philosopher in the Roman Empire, whose views dominated Western medicine for thirteen centuries until the Renaissance. Starting from the theories of Hippocrates and Plato, Galen supposed how the soul was distributed within the human body. Galen’s method of investigation was the archetype of medical-scientific thought for his time. More generally, his visions were very practical and he managed to summarize and refine the contemporary knowledge in medicine. Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475–1564) was a “key figure” of the Italian High Renaissance. For centuries, his masterpieces have been studied in many disciplines, including the medical field, especially Anatomy. One of Michelangelo’s most studied works of art has been The Creation of Adam. In recent years, scientists from different fields of study have found hidden messages inside this work. Some theories are extremely interesting, and other meanings may have been included by Michelangelo in what many consider to be his greatest work. This paper suggests a new hypothesis of an anatomical observation of The Creation of Adam, based on Galen’s theory about the soul. This is to reason that the medical research carried on by Galen could have influenced many fields and also Michelangelo’s work. More generally, the study of human anatomy since ancient times has undoubtedly influenced many fields of research and development in important ways.
{"title":"Mirroring Michelangelo, finding Galen: the ancient anatomical theory of the soul and its possible influence on The Creation of Adam","authors":"L. V. Messa","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.2","url":null,"abstract":"Galen of Pergamon (129 – c. 216) was a Greek physician, surgeon, and philosopher in the Roman Empire, whose views dominated Western medicine for thirteen centuries until the Renaissance. Starting from the theories of Hippocrates and Plato, Galen supposed how the soul was distributed within the human body. Galen’s method of investigation was the archetype of medical-scientific thought for his time. More generally, his visions were very practical and he managed to summarize and refine the contemporary knowledge in medicine. Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475–1564) was a “key figure” of the Italian High Renaissance. For centuries, his masterpieces have been studied in many disciplines, including the medical field, especially Anatomy. One of Michelangelo’s most studied works of art has been The Creation of Adam. In recent years, scientists from different fields of study have found hidden messages inside this work. Some theories are extremely interesting, and other meanings may have been included by Michelangelo in what many consider to be his greatest work. This paper suggests a new hypothesis of an anatomical observation of The Creation of Adam, based on Galen’s theory about the soul. This is to reason that the medical research carried on by Galen could have influenced many fields and also Michelangelo’s work. More generally, the study of human anatomy since ancient times has undoubtedly influenced many fields of research and development in important ways.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68228342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cleft lip and palate are the results of tissues of the face not joining properly during development. They are a type of birth defect. A cleft lip contains an opening in the upper lip that may extend into the floor of the nose on one or both sides. This is one chapter of the Encyclopedia of History of Dentistry.
{"title":"History of cleft lip and cleft palate","authors":"J. Forrai","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.23","url":null,"abstract":"Cleft lip and palate are the results of tissues of the face not joining properly during development. They are a type of birth defect. A cleft lip contains an opening in the upper lip that may extend into the floor of the nose on one or both sides. This is one chapter of the Encyclopedia of History of Dentistry.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68228667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An inlay is a special filling that fits exactly into the tooth cavity, a filling cast from precious metal-gold or porcelain. Inlays have a relatively short history. This is one chapter of the Encyclopedia of the History of Dentistry.
{"title":"History of dental inlay","authors":"A. Spielman, J. Forrai","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.34","url":null,"abstract":"An inlay is a special filling that fits exactly into the tooth cavity, a filling cast from precious metal-gold or porcelain. Inlays have a relatively short history. This is one chapter of the Encyclopedia of the History of Dentistry.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68228959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensory organs are finely structured and extremely sensitive peripheric parts and terminal devices of the central nervous system. The stimuli they pick up create electrical impulses that run through the direct nerve pathways into the brain. Sensory tests of different textile materials are mainly limited to visual perceptions and touch, as well as tests related to the smelling experiences, but at the same time, a given sound effect can also be an informative factor. Despite the fact that many instrumental material tests are available, there are still normative tests with only a subjective assessment.
{"title":"Textíliák organoleptikus vizsgálata és az anatómiai vonatkozások","authors":"Csaba Kutasi","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.50","url":null,"abstract":"Sensory organs are finely structured and extremely sensitive peripheric parts and terminal devices of the central nervous system. The stimuli they pick up create electrical impulses that run through the direct nerve pathways into the brain. Sensory tests of different textile materials are mainly limited to visual perceptions and touch, as well as tests related to the smelling experiences, but at the same time, a given sound effect can also be an informative factor. Despite the fact that many instrumental material tests are available, there are still normative tests with only a subjective assessment.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68230293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A fogyatékos test ábrázolása a művészetekben","authors":"Nóra Zimonyi","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.52","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68230493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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