This study presents the developing convulsive therapy. Initially, the early types of convulsive therapy were used in Ancient Rome prolonged to the 18th century. The first half of this study reviews specific methods of convulsive therapy in the 19th century. There are focused on the research and achievements of László Meduna, who developed convulsive therapy by using camphor and cardiazol. Finally, the role and impact of Meduna, then the latest achievements of Ugo Cerletti and Lucio Bini are presented.
{"title":"A görcskezelés története","authors":"R. Zsigmond","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.15","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the developing convulsive therapy. Initially, the early types of convulsive therapy were used in Ancient Rome prolonged to the 18th century. The first half of this study reviews specific methods of convulsive therapy in the 19th century. There are focused on the research and achievements of László Meduna, who developed convulsive therapy by using camphor and cardiazol. Finally, the role and impact of Meduna, then the latest achievements of Ugo Cerletti and Lucio Bini are presented.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68227913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dental impression provides an accurate layout of edentulous alveolar ridge or teeth upon which a denture, crown, inlay, or other prosthodontic devices can be built. Impression-taking has a 360-year-old history. This is part of the Encyclopedia of the History of Dentistry.
{"title":"History of dental impressions","authors":"A. Spielman, J. Forrai","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.28","url":null,"abstract":"Dental impression provides an accurate layout of edentulous alveolar ridge or teeth upon which a denture, crown, inlay, or other prosthodontic devices can be built. Impression-taking has a 360-year-old history. This is part of the Encyclopedia of the History of Dentistry.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68228443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A crown is a cap covering a tooth's entire surface. This is part of The Encyclopedia of History of Dentistry.
牙冠是覆盖牙齿整个表面的盖子。这是《牙科历史百科全书》的一部分。
{"title":"History of the dental crown","authors":"J. Forrai, Spielman Andrew I.","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.25","url":null,"abstract":"A crown is a cap covering a tooth's entire surface. This is part of The Encyclopedia of History of Dentistry.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68228713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The topic of this study is the life and oeuvre of Hermann Boerhaave MD, the first famous polyhistor and professor of the 18th century at the Medical School of Leiden University. He was a descendant of a Calvinist priest family, had a multifarious career with an international reputation and among others he was in contact with Count Alexander Teleki and his wife, Countess Julia Bethlen, members of the higher aristocracy in Transylvania. Boerhaave treated, among his foreign patients, carefully and professionally also the young countess Julia who suffered from tuberculosis, and in his letters supported her by psychotherapy too. The couple Teleki-Bethlen enjoined an easy correspondence mediated by many Calvinist Transylvanian students at Leiden University. In this study, I used a number of contemporary letters and scientific German and English literature. In English research prof. Rina Knoeff’s NWO Vidi project (2012–2017, University of Groningen), and her e-mails and publications provided me with a significant support.
{"title":"Hermann Boerhaave (1668-1738) a Leideni Egyetem professzora és Telekiné Bethlen Júlia","authors":"Éva Petrőczi","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.4","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of this study is the life and oeuvre of Hermann Boerhaave MD, the first famous polyhistor and professor of the 18th century at the Medical School of Leiden University. He was a descendant of a Calvinist priest family, had a multifarious career with an international reputation and among others he was in contact with Count Alexander Teleki and his wife, Countess Julia Bethlen, members of the higher aristocracy in Transylvania. Boerhaave treated, among his foreign patients, carefully and professionally also the young countess Julia who suffered from tuberculosis, and in his letters supported her by psychotherapy too. The couple Teleki-Bethlen enjoined an easy correspondence mediated by many Calvinist Transylvanian students at Leiden University. In this study, I used a number of contemporary letters and scientific German and English literature. In English research prof. Rina Knoeff’s NWO Vidi project (2012–2017, University of Groningen), and her e-mails and publications provided me with a significant support.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68229230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cleaning one’s teeth goes back to ancient Babylonians, Indians, and Egyptians. They used a special pointed stick as a cleaning instrument. This is one chapter of the Encyclopedia of the History of Dentistry.
{"title":"History of the toothbrush","authors":"A. Spielman, J. Forrai","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.40","url":null,"abstract":"Cleaning one’s teeth goes back to ancient Babylonians, Indians, and Egyptians. They used a special pointed stick as a cleaning instrument. This is one chapter of the Encyclopedia of the History of Dentistry.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68229292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caries is the most common pathological factor of dental diseases. Its definition was a serious problem for many millennia. In the 19th century, the research provided a paradigm shift of the decay theories by a number of variations as a real background of this condition. The spectrum was wide, with almost all the factors of multicausality. However, the outdated worm theory prevailing for thousands of years still held its shrinking positions in some theoretic definitions. Parallel, we can trace the influence of other new medical discoveries of the era e.g. Virchow's theory of cell pathology, or Pasteur's experiments on fermentation. They had a specific impact on the decay theories including also Koch's microbiological research and Billroth's discovery of Staphylococcus pyogenes. These influences changed fundamentally the scientific directives of caries theories.
{"title":"A caries elméletek a 19. században","authors":"J. Forrai","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.20","url":null,"abstract":"Caries is the most common pathological factor of dental diseases. Its definition was a serious problem for many millennia. In the 19th century, the research provided a paradigm shift of the decay theories by a number of variations as a real background of this condition. The spectrum was wide, with almost all the factors of multicausality. However, the outdated worm theory prevailing for thousands of years still held its shrinking positions in some theoretic definitions. Parallel, we can trace the influence of other new medical discoveries of the era e.g. Virchow's theory of cell pathology, or Pasteur's experiments on fermentation. They had a specific impact on the decay theories including also Koch's microbiological research and Billroth's discovery of Staphylococcus pyogenes. These influences changed fundamentally the scientific directives of caries theories.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68228422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In memoriam von Dr. Mihály Németh-Csóka (1927-2020)","authors":"József Makovitzky","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.60","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136115071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nomadic people having walked barefoot on uneven ground, had a perfect posture because they used their spines and bodies functionally every day. Today's man is hunching to a display while using smart devices, is struggling overweight, and has a sedentary lifestyle, making thus sick his body and soul alike. By exploding technology, the physical activity level of today's man has dropped dramatically. During the latest history of human evolution, we have left behind a very important thing: the motivation for moving. People are no longer as motivated to exercise for their stamina as they were used to in the past. The purpose of this study is to provide everyone with an interesting and detailed overview of the history and importance of therapeutic exercise, starting from its ancient origins, through the European and American gymnastics and physical education systems, to the development and spreading of yoga and therapeutic gymnastics today.
{"title":"A testmozgás gyógyító ereje","authors":"Barbara Petra Kovács","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.45","url":null,"abstract":"Nomadic people having walked barefoot on uneven ground, had a perfect posture because they used their spines and bodies functionally every day. Today's man is hunching to a display while using smart devices, is struggling overweight, and has a sedentary lifestyle, making thus sick his body and soul alike. By exploding technology, the physical activity level of today's man has dropped dramatically. During the latest history of human evolution, we have left behind a very important thing: the motivation for moving. People are no longer as motivated to exercise for their stamina as they were used to in the past. The purpose of this study is to provide everyone with an interesting and detailed overview of the history and importance of therapeutic exercise, starting from its ancient origins, through the European and American gymnastics and physical education systems, to the development and spreading of yoga and therapeutic gymnastics today.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68229696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The science of neonatology started its proper development in the 1960s with technological advances in providing care for premature neonates. Parallel, the expansion of professional knowledge about prematurity gave hope for babies regarded earlier as ‘by-products’ of obstetrical wards. Through a number of technological achievements and an understanding of the pathophysiology of neonates, the survival of premature and sick babies became business as usual instead of being exceptional. This study provides insight into this complex development in specific fields simultaneously
{"title":"A neonatológia technikai fejlődésének története","authors":"Eszter Zsófia Sallai","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.5","url":null,"abstract":"The science of neonatology started its proper development in the 1960s with technological advances in providing care for premature neonates. Parallel, the expansion of professional knowledge about prematurity gave hope for babies regarded earlier as ‘by-products’ of obstetrical wards. Through a number of technological achievements and an understanding of the pathophysiology of neonates, the survival of premature and sick babies became business as usual instead of being exceptional. This study provides insight into this complex development in specific fields simultaneously","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68230259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dental caries is the single most common chronic childhood disease.
龋齿是儿童最常见的慢性疾病。
{"title":"History of dental caries","authors":"Andrew I. Spielman, Judit Forrai","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.24","url":null,"abstract":"Dental caries is the single most common chronic childhood disease.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135560656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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