Galen of Pergamon (129 – c. 216) was a Greek physician, surgeon, and philosopher in the Roman Empire, whose views dominated Western medicine for thirteen centuries until the Renaissance. Starting from the theories of Hippocrates and Plato, Galen supposed how the soul was distributed within the human body. Galen’s method of investigation was the archetype of medical-scientific thought for his time. More generally, his visions were very practical and he managed to summarize and refine the contemporary knowledge in medicine. Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475–1564) was a “key figure” of the Italian High Renaissance. For centuries, his masterpieces have been studied in many disciplines, including the medical field, especially Anatomy. One of Michelangelo’s most studied works of art has been The Creation of Adam. In recent years, scientists from different fields of study have found hidden messages inside this work. Some theories are extremely interesting, and other meanings may have been included by Michelangelo in what many consider to be his greatest work. This paper suggests a new hypothesis of an anatomical observation of The Creation of Adam, based on Galen’s theory about the soul. This is to reason that the medical research carried on by Galen could have influenced many fields and also Michelangelo’s work. More generally, the study of human anatomy since ancient times has undoubtedly influenced many fields of research and development in important ways.
{"title":"Mirroring Michelangelo, finding Galen: the ancient anatomical theory of the soul and its possible influence on The Creation of Adam","authors":"L. V. Messa","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.2","url":null,"abstract":"Galen of Pergamon (129 – c. 216) was a Greek physician, surgeon, and philosopher in the Roman Empire, whose views dominated Western medicine for thirteen centuries until the Renaissance. Starting from the theories of Hippocrates and Plato, Galen supposed how the soul was distributed within the human body. Galen’s method of investigation was the archetype of medical-scientific thought for his time. More generally, his visions were very practical and he managed to summarize and refine the contemporary knowledge in medicine. Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475–1564) was a “key figure” of the Italian High Renaissance. For centuries, his masterpieces have been studied in many disciplines, including the medical field, especially Anatomy. One of Michelangelo’s most studied works of art has been The Creation of Adam. In recent years, scientists from different fields of study have found hidden messages inside this work. Some theories are extremely interesting, and other meanings may have been included by Michelangelo in what many consider to be his greatest work. This paper suggests a new hypothesis of an anatomical observation of The Creation of Adam, based on Galen’s theory about the soul. This is to reason that the medical research carried on by Galen could have influenced many fields and also Michelangelo’s work. More generally, the study of human anatomy since ancient times has undoubtedly influenced many fields of research and development in important ways.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68228342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensory organs are finely structured and extremely sensitive peripheric parts and terminal devices of the central nervous system. The stimuli they pick up create electrical impulses that run through the direct nerve pathways into the brain. Sensory tests of different textile materials are mainly limited to visual perceptions and touch, as well as tests related to the smelling experiences, but at the same time, a given sound effect can also be an informative factor. Despite the fact that many instrumental material tests are available, there are still normative tests with only a subjective assessment.
{"title":"Textíliák organoleptikus vizsgálata és az anatómiai vonatkozások","authors":"Csaba Kutasi","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.50","url":null,"abstract":"Sensory organs are finely structured and extremely sensitive peripheric parts and terminal devices of the central nervous system. The stimuli they pick up create electrical impulses that run through the direct nerve pathways into the brain. Sensory tests of different textile materials are mainly limited to visual perceptions and touch, as well as tests related to the smelling experiences, but at the same time, a given sound effect can also be an informative factor. Despite the fact that many instrumental material tests are available, there are still normative tests with only a subjective assessment.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68230293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A crown is a cap covering a tooth's entire surface. This is part of The Encyclopedia of History of Dentistry.
牙冠是覆盖牙齿整个表面的盖子。这是《牙科历史百科全书》的一部分。
{"title":"History of the dental crown","authors":"J. Forrai, Spielman Andrew I.","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.25","url":null,"abstract":"A crown is a cap covering a tooth's entire surface. This is part of The Encyclopedia of History of Dentistry.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68228713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The topic of this study is the life and oeuvre of Hermann Boerhaave MD, the first famous polyhistor and professor of the 18th century at the Medical School of Leiden University. He was a descendant of a Calvinist priest family, had a multifarious career with an international reputation and among others he was in contact with Count Alexander Teleki and his wife, Countess Julia Bethlen, members of the higher aristocracy in Transylvania. Boerhaave treated, among his foreign patients, carefully and professionally also the young countess Julia who suffered from tuberculosis, and in his letters supported her by psychotherapy too. The couple Teleki-Bethlen enjoined an easy correspondence mediated by many Calvinist Transylvanian students at Leiden University. In this study, I used a number of contemporary letters and scientific German and English literature. In English research prof. Rina Knoeff’s NWO Vidi project (2012–2017, University of Groningen), and her e-mails and publications provided me with a significant support.
{"title":"Hermann Boerhaave (1668-1738) a Leideni Egyetem professzora és Telekiné Bethlen Júlia","authors":"Éva Petrőczi","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.4","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of this study is the life and oeuvre of Hermann Boerhaave MD, the first famous polyhistor and professor of the 18th century at the Medical School of Leiden University. He was a descendant of a Calvinist priest family, had a multifarious career with an international reputation and among others he was in contact with Count Alexander Teleki and his wife, Countess Julia Bethlen, members of the higher aristocracy in Transylvania. Boerhaave treated, among his foreign patients, carefully and professionally also the young countess Julia who suffered from tuberculosis, and in his letters supported her by psychotherapy too. The couple Teleki-Bethlen enjoined an easy correspondence mediated by many Calvinist Transylvanian students at Leiden University. In this study, I used a number of contemporary letters and scientific German and English literature. In English research prof. Rina Knoeff’s NWO Vidi project (2012–2017, University of Groningen), and her e-mails and publications provided me with a significant support.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68229230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cleaning one’s teeth goes back to ancient Babylonians, Indians, and Egyptians. They used a special pointed stick as a cleaning instrument. This is one chapter of the Encyclopedia of the History of Dentistry.
{"title":"History of the toothbrush","authors":"A. Spielman, J. Forrai","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.40","url":null,"abstract":"Cleaning one’s teeth goes back to ancient Babylonians, Indians, and Egyptians. They used a special pointed stick as a cleaning instrument. This is one chapter of the Encyclopedia of the History of Dentistry.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68229292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caries is the most common pathological factor of dental diseases. Its definition was a serious problem for many millennia. In the 19th century, the research provided a paradigm shift of the decay theories by a number of variations as a real background of this condition. The spectrum was wide, with almost all the factors of multicausality. However, the outdated worm theory prevailing for thousands of years still held its shrinking positions in some theoretic definitions. Parallel, we can trace the influence of other new medical discoveries of the era e.g. Virchow's theory of cell pathology, or Pasteur's experiments on fermentation. They had a specific impact on the decay theories including also Koch's microbiological research and Billroth's discovery of Staphylococcus pyogenes. These influences changed fundamentally the scientific directives of caries theories.
{"title":"A caries elméletek a 19. században","authors":"J. Forrai","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.20","url":null,"abstract":"Caries is the most common pathological factor of dental diseases. Its definition was a serious problem for many millennia. In the 19th century, the research provided a paradigm shift of the decay theories by a number of variations as a real background of this condition. The spectrum was wide, with almost all the factors of multicausality. However, the outdated worm theory prevailing for thousands of years still held its shrinking positions in some theoretic definitions. Parallel, we can trace the influence of other new medical discoveries of the era e.g. Virchow's theory of cell pathology, or Pasteur's experiments on fermentation. They had a specific impact on the decay theories including also Koch's microbiological research and Billroth's discovery of Staphylococcus pyogenes. These influences changed fundamentally the scientific directives of caries theories.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68228422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In memoriam von Dr. Mihály Németh-Csóka (1927-2020)","authors":"József Makovitzky","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.60","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136115071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nomadic people having walked barefoot on uneven ground, had a perfect posture because they used their spines and bodies functionally every day. Today's man is hunching to a display while using smart devices, is struggling overweight, and has a sedentary lifestyle, making thus sick his body and soul alike. By exploding technology, the physical activity level of today's man has dropped dramatically. During the latest history of human evolution, we have left behind a very important thing: the motivation for moving. People are no longer as motivated to exercise for their stamina as they were used to in the past. The purpose of this study is to provide everyone with an interesting and detailed overview of the history and importance of therapeutic exercise, starting from its ancient origins, through the European and American gymnastics and physical education systems, to the development and spreading of yoga and therapeutic gymnastics today.
{"title":"A testmozgás gyógyító ereje","authors":"Barbara Petra Kovács","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.45","url":null,"abstract":"Nomadic people having walked barefoot on uneven ground, had a perfect posture because they used their spines and bodies functionally every day. Today's man is hunching to a display while using smart devices, is struggling overweight, and has a sedentary lifestyle, making thus sick his body and soul alike. By exploding technology, the physical activity level of today's man has dropped dramatically. During the latest history of human evolution, we have left behind a very important thing: the motivation for moving. People are no longer as motivated to exercise for their stamina as they were used to in the past. The purpose of this study is to provide everyone with an interesting and detailed overview of the history and importance of therapeutic exercise, starting from its ancient origins, through the European and American gymnastics and physical education systems, to the development and spreading of yoga and therapeutic gymnastics today.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68229696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The science of neonatology started its proper development in the 1960s with technological advances in providing care for premature neonates. Parallel, the expansion of professional knowledge about prematurity gave hope for babies regarded earlier as ‘by-products’ of obstetrical wards. Through a number of technological achievements and an understanding of the pathophysiology of neonates, the survival of premature and sick babies became business as usual instead of being exceptional. This study provides insight into this complex development in specific fields simultaneously
{"title":"A neonatológia technikai fejlődésének története","authors":"Eszter Zsófia Sallai","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.5","url":null,"abstract":"The science of neonatology started its proper development in the 1960s with technological advances in providing care for premature neonates. Parallel, the expansion of professional knowledge about prematurity gave hope for babies regarded earlier as ‘by-products’ of obstetrical wards. Through a number of technological achievements and an understanding of the pathophysiology of neonates, the survival of premature and sick babies became business as usual instead of being exceptional. This study provides insight into this complex development in specific fields simultaneously","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68230259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dental caries is the single most common chronic childhood disease.
龋齿是儿童最常见的慢性疾病。
{"title":"History of dental caries","authors":"Andrew I. Spielman, Judit Forrai","doi":"10.17107/kh.2023.26.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2023.26.24","url":null,"abstract":"Dental caries is the single most common chronic childhood disease.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135560656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：