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Investigating Cyberbullying in Electronic Communication: A Descriptive Study 调查电子通信中的网络欺凌:一项描述性研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-18 DOI: 10.32996/ijels.2022.4.4.13
R. T. Al-Ameedi, Mohanned Jassim Dakhil Al-Ghizzy
Cyberbullying is widely used nowadays in electronic communication. It takes different forms, and it is considered a serious problem that faces all communities. Therefore, the current study is an attempt to discover cyberbullying with its types found in one type of electronic communication, “Facebook”. The data are as type of screenshots and collected from an archived formal page on Facebook called “BBC News”. The data of the study encompass (10 comments) samples “screen shots” from different posts on “BBC News”. The analyses reveal  “four” different types of cyberbullying which are employed in the data. The types are flaming, which is a reply directed towards other people’s comments; rumour spreading which is directed towards the posts or the channel; trolling, which is directed towards a specific post or the topic of discussion; and tagging, which occurs by making tags to other people with their usernames. Thus, cyberspace creates new different social environments that allow different online users from all over the world to contribute to electronic communication and cause many forms of cyberbullying.
网络欺凌在当今的电子通信中被广泛使用。它有不同的形式,被认为是所有社区面临的一个严重问题。因此,目前的研究是试图发现网络欺凌的类型,它在一种电子通信类型“Facebook”中发现。这些数据以截图的形式从Facebook上一个名为“BBC新闻”的正式存档页面中收集而来。该研究的数据包括(10条评论)来自“BBC新闻”不同帖子的“屏幕截图”样本。分析揭示了数据中使用的“四种”不同类型的网络欺凌。类型是flaming,这是对其他人评论的直接回复;针对哨所或航道散布谣言的;针对特定帖子或讨论主题的Trolling;还有标签,这是通过给其他人的用户名做标签来实现的。因此,网络空间创造了新的不同的社会环境,允许来自世界各地的不同在线用户进行电子通信,并导致多种形式的网络欺凌。
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引用次数: 0
A Lexical-Semantic Study of Compositionality in Knowers Monologue of Imam Al-Sajjad (Peace be upon him) 伊玛目萨贾德《知者独白》中组合性的词汇语义研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-18 DOI: 10.32996/ijels.2022.4.4.12
Hussain Hameed Mayuuf, H. Abbass
Compositionality is the principle that the meaning of a complex expression is governed by the meanings of its constituents and the rules used to combine them. This study seeks to be an attempt to shed light on how the meanings of parts of expression constitute the meaning of the whole expression. The study opines to apply this principle in the Arabic prayer of Knowers Monologue of Al-Imam Al-Sjjad (Peace be upon him). The study adopts Leech and Short's lexical categories (2007) as a model for analysis. The study reveals that Arabic prayer focuses on intransitive verbs and prepositional phrases to constitute the whole intended meaning.
组合性是指复杂表达的含义由其组成部分的含义和用于组合它们的规则所支配的原则。本研究试图阐明表达部分的意义如何构成整个表达的意义。该研究建议将这一原则应用于Al-Imam Al-Sjjad的阿拉伯语祈祷者独白(愿他平安)。本研究采用Leech和Short的词汇范畴(2007)作为分析模型。研究表明,阿拉伯语祈祷语主要使用不及物动词和介词短语来构成祈祷语的整体意图。
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引用次数: 0
Variant Transliterations of the Same Arabic Personal Names on Facebook Facebook上相同阿拉伯人名的变体音译
Pub Date : 2022-12-17 DOI: 10.32996/ijels.2022.4.4.11
Reima Al-Jarf
This study aimed to explore variant transliterations of the same Arabic names in English by Arabic native speakers on Facebook; to find the distribution of English variant transliteration of Arabic names; the types of variant transliterations produced by Arabic speakers; the strategies they utilize in transliterating their names to English; and the sources of the variations in the English transliteration of the same Arabic name. A sample of 112 names with a total of 332 variant transliterations and 1139 occurrences (repeats) was collected from the author’s friends on Facebook. It was found that 59% of the Arabic names have 2 variant transliterations in English and 26% have 3 variants transliterations. Names with the highest number of variant transliterations are الجرف (35), محمد (7); محمود, يوسف, شريف, (6); نور نورة شيماء (5).  Variants with the highest occurrences are الجرف (154), محمد (153); احمد (90); Ali (67); محمود  (53); هناء &  السيد(19).  In 97% of the names in the sample, the variants differ in how the vowels/diphthong are represented in the English transliteration because Arabic and English differ in the number of vowels, vowel quality and vowel articulation. Arabic has 3 long vowels, 3 short vowels and 2 diphthongs, whereas English has 12 vowels and 8 diphthongs. In transliterating their names, Arabic consonant sounds for which two English graphemes exist were spelled differently. There are variations in transliterating Arabic surnames with the Arabic definite article /al/. In 18% of the names in the sample, the subjects transferred the Arabic spelling to the English transliteration of their names. The short vowel was not represented in the English transliteration. In 15%, the subjects transliterated their names the way they pronounce them in their local dialect (El-Garf in Egypt; Aljerf in Syria and Aljuruf in Palestine), not as the name is pronounced in Standard Arabic. In 17%, the subjects with a background in French transferred the French phoneme-grapheme representations of vowels and consonants to the English transliteration (Hicham, Aouatef). The study gives some recommendations for the correct transliteration of Arabic names to English.
本研究旨在探索以阿拉伯语为母语的人在Facebook上对相同的阿拉伯语名字的不同音译;查找阿拉伯名字的英文变体音译分布;阿拉伯语使用者所产生的各种变体音译的类型;他们将自己的名字音译成英文时使用的策略;以及同一个阿拉伯名字的英语音译变体的来源。从作者在Facebook上的朋友那里收集了112个名字的样本,共有332个不同的音译和1139个出现(重复)。研究发现,59%的阿拉伯名字在英语中有2个变体音译,26%有3个变体音译。变体音译最多的名字是الجرف(35)、محمد (7);محمود, يوسف, شريف, (6);نورنورةشيماء(5),最高的变体出现الجرف(154),محمد(153);احمد(90);阿里(67);محمود(53);هناء & السيد(19)。在样本中97%的名字中,由于阿拉伯语和英语在元音数量、元音质量和元音发音上的差异,元音/双元音的变体在英语音译中的表现方式不同。阿拉伯语有3个长元音,3个短元音和2个双元音,而英语有12个元音和8个双元音。在音译他们的名字时,存在两个英文字母的阿拉伯辅音的拼写不同。用阿拉伯语定冠词/al/音译阿拉伯姓氏有很多变体。在样本中18%的名字中,受试者将他们名字的阿拉伯语拼写转换为英语音译。这个短元音在英语音译中没有表现出来。15%的受试者按照他们当地方言的发音来音译他们的名字(埃及的El-Garf;叙利亚的Aljerf和巴勒斯坦的Aljuruf),而不是标准阿拉伯语的发音。17%具有法语背景的被试将元音和辅音的法语音素-字母表示转换为英语音译(Hicham, Aouatef)。本研究对阿拉伯名字正确音译为英语提出了一些建议。
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引用次数: 0
Vocational English Students’ Perceptions of Learning English Grammar 高职英语学生对英语语法学习的认知
Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.32996/ijels.2022.4.4.9
Aditya Nur Patria
The vocational college is commonly known as a place to prepare students to be ready for work in the industry. Hence, the English language taught in this institution should be more functional or applicable rather than theoretical and analytical. The present study aims to investigate the perception of students taking the English language stream in the Applied Foreign Languages program at a vocational college toward learning English grammar. There are 40 student participants involved. The data are collected using a 13-item questionnaire to identify students’ perception of the importance of learning grammar, the relevance to their study and future career, and their feeling toward learning grammar. Analyzed using descriptive statistics, the data indicate that students consider learning grammar important. Their perception tends to be positive regardless fields of their future career. However, translation is the field career in which many students choose and seem to demonstrate a positive perception toward learning English grammar.
职业学院通常被认为是一个让学生为行业工作做好准备的地方。因此,该机构教授的英语应该更实用,而不是理论和分析。本研究旨在探讨某职业学院应用外语专业英语语文班学生对英语语法学习的看法。有40名学生参与其中。数据采用13项调查问卷收集,以确定学生对学习语法重要性的认知,与他们的学习和未来职业的相关性,以及他们对学习语法的感受。通过描述性统计分析,数据表明学生认为学习语法很重要。不管他们未来的职业是什么,他们的看法往往是积极的。然而,翻译是许多学生选择的领域职业,似乎对学习英语语法表现出积极的看法。
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引用次数: 0
Speech Acts and Communication Practices in Anglophone Cameroon Women Associations’ Interactions 喀麦隆英语国家妇女协会互动中的言语行为与交际实践
Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.32996/ijels.2022.4.4.10
Emmanuella Ekwelle, Esunge Ewane, Beyang Oben Ojongnkpot, Stephen A. Mforteh, S. Onuigbo
This study set out to explore the illocutionary forces of communicative acts and their functions in group interactions of some selected women associations from the Anglophone Regions of Cameroon. It also explored the extent to which the illocutionary acts used during groups events mirror women's communication practices. Through collective case design, with random and purposeful sampling techniques, non-participant observation, unstructured, open-ended interviews, audio recorded events of two categories of women associations (faith-based, consisting of Catholic Women’s Association and Christian Women Fellowship, and development-based, consisting of One Hand Cannot Tie a Bundle, Cameroon Gatsby Foundation and Biwon Self-Reliance Farmers’ and Traders’ Union) were explored through content analysis. The findings of this study reveal that interactions in Anglophone Cameroon women’s gatherings are not only geared towards the content of the talk but members’ feelings and welfare are also taken into consideration. Illocutionary acts such as invitations, requests and advice (directives), and greetings, offers, rejoicing and appreciations (expressives) were frequently used. However, threats and refusal (commissives), as well as complaints and criticisms (expressives), were equally used, especially in Development-Based events. These illocutionary acts were used to carry out mostly positive reactions and attempted answers to the interaction process, with minimal negative reactions and questions communicative acts, which indicate cooperation, connection, support, closeness and understanding.
本研究旨在探讨交际行为的言外力量及其在喀麦隆英语区一些妇女协会群体互动中的功能。它还探讨了群体活动中使用的言外行为在多大程度上反映了女性的沟通实践。通过集体案例设计,采用随机、有目的的抽样技术,非参与式观察、非结构化、开放式访谈,通过内容分析对两类妇女协会(以信仰为基础的天主教妇女协会和基督教妇女联谊会,以及以发展为基础的单手不能捆绑、喀麦隆盖茨比基金会和碧原自力更生农贸联盟)的录音事件进行探索。这项研究的结果表明,在喀麦隆讲英语的女性聚会中,互动不仅仅是针对谈话的内容,成员的感受和福利也被考虑在内。言外行为,如邀请、请求和建议(指令),以及问候、提议、欣喜和赞赏(表达)被频繁使用。但是,威胁和拒绝(委托)以及投诉和批评(表达意见)同样被使用,特别是在以发展为基础的活动中。这些言外行为主要用于对互动过程进行积极反应和尝试回答,很少有消极反应和问题交际行为,这些行为表示合作、联系、支持、亲密和理解。
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引用次数: 0
A Semiotic Study of the Interplay between People and Buildings 人与建筑相互作用的符号学研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-11 DOI: 10.32996/ijels.2022.4.4.8
Iman Farhan Mohammed, Q. Al-Azzawi
The present paper deals with the semiotic study of the interplay between people and buildings. It studies sign processes, which is any form of activity, conduct, or any process that involves signs, including the production of meaning. It aims at examining the use of semiotics, deepening our understanding of the interplay between people and buildings and providing the basis for personalizing intelligent buildings using intelligent software agents. The data is limited to "Winged Bull", relying on Saussure's model. It is hypothesized that the concerned data is full of signs denoting different things. The present study is qualitative in nature since the researcher depends on herself in analyzing the data in question. It has been observed that "Winged Bull" is informative with signs. That is, each part of it denotes a certain thing enhancing people to think deeply.
本文从符号学的角度研究人与建筑之间的相互作用。它研究符号过程,即任何形式的活动、行为或任何涉及符号的过程,包括意义的产生。它旨在研究符号学的使用,加深我们对人与建筑之间相互作用的理解,并为使用智能软件代理个性化智能建筑提供基础。数据仅限于“飞牛”,依赖于索绪尔的模型。据推测,有关数据充满了表示不同事物的符号。目前的研究本质上是定性的,因为研究人员依靠自己来分析有问题的数据。据观察,“有翼的牛”是有信息的迹象。也就是说,它的每一部分都代表着某种东西,促使人们深入思考。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying Reading Miscues and Reading Performance in the Oral Reading Verification Test in English: Basis for an Intensive Reading Program 识别英语口语阅读验证测试中的阅读错误和阅读表现:精读课程的基础
Pub Date : 2022-11-20 DOI: 10.32996/ijels.2022.4.4.6
Desie Canoy, Arlene Loquias
Reading serves a vital role in achieving quality education. However, it is alarming to note the learners' poor reading performance in national and international assessments, which schools must address. In this study, the pupils' reading performance is looked into through the Oral Reading Verification Test (ORVT). It is a tool that assists in determining the reading strengths and weaknesses. It also helps to identify the pupils struggling with decoding and comprehension fluency. This study aims to determine the pupils' reading performance profile and the common reading miscues in the pupils' ORV pretest and posttest results. The study employed the descriptive method and was conducted at San Isidro Elementary School, Pilar, Bohol, with 200 pupils as participants from Grades IV, V, and VI. The One-Way-ANOVA F-test was used in identifying the significant mean difference in the pupils' ORV pretest and posttest scores of the control group. The pretest results showed that most of the pupils were at the frustration level, meaning they were slow readers and had poor comprehension. The posttest shows an evident improvement in the pupils' reading performance from frustration to instructional levels. This result was verified when it found a significant difference between pupils' Oral Reading Verification pretest and posttest. The pretest also showed several reading miscues, significantly improving during the posttest. Findings also reveal a significant difference in the pupils' performance when grouped according to grade levels. This study recommends that teachers conduct remedial classes in reading for pupils at the frustration level category and encourage them to read more English reading materials. Likewise, peer tutoring initiated by learners at the independent level is encouraged to help those who are slow readers. Teachers should apply different teaching methods and strategies in reading to catch the pupils' attention, boost their confidence, and read fluently with good comprehension.
阅读对实现素质教育起着至关重要的作用。然而,令人震惊的是,学生在国内和国际评估中的阅读表现不佳,这是学校必须解决的问题。本研究通过口语阅读验证测试(ORVT)来考察小学生的阅读表现。这是一个帮助确定阅读优势和劣势的工具。它还有助于识别在解码和理解流利性方面挣扎的学生。本研究旨在了解小学生的阅读表现概况,以及小学生ORV前测和后测结果中常见的阅读错误。本研究采用描述性方法,在保和岛皮拉尔的圣伊西德罗小学进行,共有200名四年级、五年级和六年级的学生参加。采用单因素方差分析f检验来确定对照组学生的ORV前测和后测分数的显著平均差异。测试前的结果显示,大多数学生都处于令人沮丧的水平,这意味着他们阅读速度慢,理解能力差。后测显示,学生的阅读表现有了明显的改善,从沮丧到教学水平。当发现学生的口语阅读验证前测和后测之间存在显著差异时,这一结果得到了验证。测试前也显示了一些阅读错误,在测试后显著改善。研究结果还显示,按年级分组时,学生的表现有显著差异。本研究建议教师对低年级学生进行阅读辅导班,鼓励他们阅读更多的英语阅读材料。同样,鼓励由独立水平的学习者发起的同伴辅导来帮助那些阅读缓慢的人。教师在阅读教学中应采用不同的教学方法和策略,以吸引学生的注意力,增强学生的信心,使学生阅读流畅,理解能力强。
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引用次数: 0
The English Translation of Chinese Film Titles: A literary Review of Domestic Research 中国电影片名的英译:国内研究综述
Pub Date : 2022-11-15 DOI: 10.32996/ijels.2022.4.4.5
Dujuan Zou, Yajun Zeng
The translation of films is indispensable for Chinese cinema to "go global." As the"eyes" of a movie, the title of a film is the first impression that attracts people to watch the movie. A successful title translation promotes a movie, boosts its box office, and promotes culture. Based on the database of China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), as of September 2022, I found that the core journals related to the study of the English translation of Chinese film titles mainly focus on translation strategies and methods, translation theories, the comparison of English and Chinese film titles and the translators' point of view. The research on the English translation of film titles is expected to deepen translators' understanding of film titles to serve the public and also to promote the internationalization of Chinese films and help culture "go out."
电影翻译是中国电影“走出去”不可或缺的一部分。作为电影的“眼睛”,电影的片名是吸引人们观看电影的第一印象。成功的片名翻译可以宣传电影,提高票房,弘扬文化。基于中国知网数据库,截至2022年9月,我发现与中国电影片名英译研究相关的核心期刊主要集中在翻译策略与方法、翻译理论、英汉电影片名比较、译者视角等方面。通过对电影片名英译的研究,可以加深译者对电影片名的理解,服务大众,也可以促进中国电影的国际化,帮助文化“走出去”。
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引用次数: 0
Metapragmatic Expressions as Relation-oriented Strategies in Peer Feedback: A Case Study of Business English Writing 元语用表达在同伴反馈中的关系导向策略——以商务英语写作为例
Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.32996/ijels.2022.4.4.4
Jialiang Chen
This paper explores the interpersonal functions of metapragmatic expressions (MPEs) in peer feedback, where students were assigned a business English writing task, and examines the metapragmatic awareness revealed in this context from the metapragmatics perspective. It is shown in the data that the use of MPEs in peer feedback not only helps students to deliver information by creating common ground but also reflects their concern for their interpersonal relations. Data analysis indicates that students in peer feedback use MPEs as relation-oriented strategies such as hedging, complementing, repairing, inducing, and transferring strategies to manage and regulate their relations so that effective feedback can be achieved, which reflects their consideration of relational factors, including face work and emotion management on both sides of feedback. The present study deepens our understanding of the mechanisms of MPEs in peer feedback and advances our knowledge of metapragmatic awareness in classroom discourse, providing some implications for foreign language teaching.
本文以商务英语写作任务为例,探讨了同伴反馈中元语用表达(MPEs)的人际功能,并从元语用学的角度考察了在此背景下学生所表现出的元语用意识。数据表明,在同伴反馈中使用MPEs不仅有助于学生通过建立共同点来传递信息,而且反映了他们对人际关系的关注。数据分析表明,同伴反馈中的学生将MPEs作为对冲、补充、修复、诱导、转移等关系导向策略来管理和调节他们之间的关系,从而获得有效的反馈,这反映了他们对反馈双方关系因素的考虑,包括面子工作和情绪管理。本研究加深了我们对同伴反馈机制的理解,促进了我们对课堂话语元语用意识的认识,为外语教学提供了一些启示。
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引用次数: 0
Iraqi EFL Learners' Recognition of House-Related Idioms: An Investigation of the Learners’ Performance and Relevant Cultural Cognition Idiosyncrasies 伊拉克英语学习者对房屋习语的认知:对学习者表现和相关文化认知特质的调查
Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.32996/ijels.2022.4.4.3
S. A. Hadi
Iraqi EFL learners' recognition of meanings of house-related idioms has been Investigated. The paper assumes that cultural idiosyncrasies related to the conceptual knowledge underlying the idiomatic expression may become obstacles to learners’ recognition of the correct interpretation, while having conceptual knowledge similar to that of the target will do the opposite. A multiple-choice test was adopted, and the learners were asked to choose an idiom's accurate meaning out of four-meaning options provided for each of the ten sentences of the test.   The analysis highlights the role of conventional knowledge in patterning learners' thinking. It also foregrounds some learners’ tendency to literalism by mapping from one physical domain to another one, which can be an analogy of the preliminary step of the universal mechanism of humans' mental conceptualization that widens and matures through interaction to cover abstract domains of human existence. It is also found that it is the immediate dynamic cultural knowledge rather than knowledge due to cultural membership, which governs individuals' thinking and guides their choices.
本研究调查了伊拉克英语学习者对房屋相关习语的词义识别情况。本文认为,与习语表达背后的概念知识相关的文化特质可能成为学习者识别正确口译的障碍,而与目的语相近的概念知识则会起到相反的作用。采用多项选择测试,要求学习者从十个句子的四个选项中选择一个成语的准确含义。分析强调了传统知识在塑造学习者思维模式中的作用。它也预示了一些学习者通过从一个物理领域映射到另一个物理领域而产生的字面主义倾向,这可以类比人类心理概念化普遍机制的初步步骤,这种机制通过相互作用扩大和成熟,覆盖人类存在的抽象领域。研究还发现,支配个体思维和指导个体选择的是直接的动态文化知识,而不是由于文化成员关系而产生的知识。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of English Language and Translation Studies
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