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English Varieties: A Case Study on the Exploration of Filipino Students’ Perceptions 英语变体:以菲律宾学生认知探索为例
Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.32996/ijels.2023.5.2.3
M. N. Castro, Airis Kim Codiñera, Elvie Toquero
English is the medium of instruction in the Philippines. Although Filipinos are focused on acquiring American English, they are undoubtedly exposed to other types. However, little research has investigated this distinctiveness within the Philippine context. Hence, this case study explored the perceptions of Filipino students toward the varieties of English. Five students in the College of Arts and Sciences (CAS) department who took the Bachelor of Arts in the English Language course were chosen as participants. A semi-structured interview allowed the researchers to understand the topic necessary for relevant and meaningful data. To provide better analysis, the authors utilized thematic synthesis. Five (5) themes emerged, namely: (1) English varieties’ perceptions and importance; (2) integration of English varieties in the curriculum; (3) English varieties in the teaching-learning process; (4) the edge of knowing and applying English varieties; and (5) challenges and realizations. The study concluded that Filipino students value their exposure to various English varieties. Moreover, the features (e.g., word usage, pronunciation, accents) attributed to each variety were the most significant challenge. This paper recommends that students have more exposure and supplementary materials to address such difficulties.
英语是菲律宾的教学语言。虽然菲律宾人专注于学习美式英语,但他们无疑也接触到了其他类型的英语。然而,很少有研究在菲律宾的背景下调查这种独特性。因此,本个案研究探讨菲律宾学生对英语多样性的看法。文理学院(CAS)系的五名英语语言课程文学学士被选为参与者。半结构化的访谈使研究人员能够了解相关和有意义的数据所必需的主题。为了提供更好的分析,作者使用了主题综合。出现了五个主题,即:(1)英语变体的认知和重要性;(2)课程中英语多样性的整合;(3)教学过程中的英语多样性;(4)认识和运用英语变体的优势;(5)挑战与实现。该研究得出结论,菲律宾学生重视接触各种英语变体。此外,每个变体的特征(如用词、发音、口音)是最大的挑战。本文建议学生通过更多的接触和补充材料来解决这些困难。
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引用次数: 0
The Interpretation of Deixis in Cognitive Linguistics: A Literature Review 认知语言学对指示语的解释:文献综述
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.32996/ijels.2023.5.2.1
Jin Yuan
This paper studied deixis in cognitive linguistics, and mainly introduced three types of deixis: spatio-temporal; knowledge-related; empathy. On the basis, the literature on this topic in recent years was reviewed relying on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science. The findings are: the deixis represented by "这" and "那" and "this" and "that" are related to the distance of psychological space rather than only physical space; the emerging study like children's deixis and the combination of deixis with sign language has been developing gradually. More cross-field or other empirical studies will attract more researchers to conduct in the future.
本文对认知语言学中的指示语进行了研究,主要介绍了三种指示语:时空指示语;知识相关;同理心。在此基础上,依托中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science对近年来关于该主题的文献进行了综述。研究发现:“某某”、“某某”和“这个”、“那个”所代表的指示语不仅与物理空间的距离有关,而且与心理空间的距离有关;儿童指示语以及指示语与手语的结合等新兴研究也在逐步发展。更多的跨领域或其他实证研究将在未来吸引更多的研究者进行。
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引用次数: 0
Morphological Analysis of Philippine Ecological Neologisms 菲律宾生态新词的形态分析
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.32996/ijels.2023.5.2.2
Using a qualitative-descriptive design in analyzing morphological processes and structures, the present study examines the ecological neologisms used in the Philippines. Ecological, environmental, or green neologisms are newly added lexicons used in daily ecological discourses. To appraise the study's aims to identify, define, analyze, and differentiate ecological neologisms from other neologisms as used in the Philippines, the study extracted its data from the Press Release Section website of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources from January 2022 to December 2022. A total of two hundred twenty-nine (229) articles were examined for this paper. Results reveal the presence of fourteen (14) ecological neologisms in the articles: ecological integrity, urban park, climate finance, green job, green city, ecoexpert, ecofrontliner, ecodefender, climate agenda, green assessment, ecoyouth, river ranger, ecohero, and ecoinspector. Further, these neologisms are borrowed from the English vocabulary and are all classified as nouns, and are mainly used to name individuals who engage in environmental initiatives in the Philippines. Moreover, these ecological neologisms are formed through compounding and blending, following the general rule of structuring words in Standard English.
使用定性描述设计在分析形态过程和结构,本研究考察了在菲律宾使用的生态新词。生态、环境或绿色新词是日常生态话语中新增的词汇。为了评估该研究的目的,即识别、定义、分析和区分菲律宾使用的生态新词和其他新词,该研究从2022年1月至2022年12月的环境和自然资源部新闻发布部分网站上提取了数据。本文共检查了229篇文章。结果显示,文章中出现了14个生态新词:生态完整性、城市公园、气候金融、绿色工作、绿色城市、生态专家、生态前线、生态卫士、气候议程、绿色评估、生态青年、河流护林员、生态英雄和生态检查员。此外,这些新词都是从英语词汇中借来的,都被归类为名词,主要用于称呼在菲律宾从事环保活动的个人。此外,这些生态新词的形成遵循了标准英语构词的一般规律,是通过复合和混合形成的。
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引用次数: 0
Compensation Strategies Use in EFL Students’ Translation from Arabic into English 补偿策略在学生阿拉伯语英译中的应用
Pub Date : 2023-03-26 DOI: 10.32996/ijels.2023.5.1.11
A. Mohammed
Several techniques and strategies are used in translating a source language (SL) into the target language (TL). The purpose of these techniques is to produce a successful translation. Compensation is one type of these strategies. This study aimed at investigating the use of compensation strategies by Saudi EFL students in translating Arabic texts into the English language. Specifically, it attempted to reveal the types of compensation strategies used in the students’ target texts (TTs) and the most common types of compensation. Adopting content analysis, the study analysed six TTs produced by six students enrolled in a translation course in the summer term for the academic year 2021 in a Saudi public university. Results showed that the TTs contained all types of compensation. Results also revealed that compensation by splitting was the most common type. In second place appeared compensation in kind, compensation by merging, and compensation in place. The study recommended that translation instructors need to train their students extensively on compensation strategies to assist them in producing successful TTs.
在将源语言(SL)翻译成目标语言(TL)时,使用了几种技术和策略。这些技巧的目的是产生成功的翻译。薪酬就是其中一种策略。本研究旨在调查沙特学生在将阿拉伯语文本翻译成英语时使用补偿策略的情况。具体来说,它试图揭示学生在目标文本中使用的补偿策略类型和最常见的补偿类型。采用内容分析,该研究分析了沙特一所公立大学2021年夏季学期翻译课程的六名学生制作的六份翻译报告。结果表明,TTs包含所有类型的补偿。结果还显示,分薪补偿是最常见的补偿方式。排在第二位的是实物补偿、合并补偿和就地补偿。该研究建议,翻译教师需要对学生进行广泛的补偿策略培训,以帮助他们制作成功的翻译作品。
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引用次数: 0
Contrastive Analysis of Two English Translations of an Old Arabic Poem 一首阿拉伯古诗英译的对比分析
Pub Date : 2023-03-19 DOI: 10.48185/jtls.v4i1.565
Omar Osman Jabak
The present study aimed to provide a contrastive analysis of two English translations of the famous Arabic poem known in English as “Let days do what they will” by Mohammad ibn Idris al-Shafi’i. The two English translations were produced by two different translation scholars in the language pair Arabic and English. The analysis focused on how the translators dealt with the most important features of poetry when translating the Arabic poem into English. Such features included form, meaning, sound and imagery. The findings revealed some similarities and differences in both translations with reference to the above-mentioned features. It is recommended that more research be conducted on either Arabic-English translation of poetry or English-Arabic translation of poetry as this kind of research seems to be relatively scarce.  
本研究旨在对穆罕默德·伊本·伊德里斯·沙菲伊的一首著名阿拉伯诗歌《任天为所欲为》的两种英译本进行对比分析。这两个英文译本是由两个不同的翻译学者用阿拉伯语和英语这两种语言翻译出来的。分析的重点是译者在将阿拉伯语诗歌翻译成英语时如何处理诗歌最重要的特征。这些特征包括形式、意义、声音和意象。研究结果表明,在上述特点的基础上,两种译本存在一些异同。建议对阿拉伯-英语诗歌翻译或英语-阿拉伯诗歌翻译进行更多的研究,因为这方面的研究相对较少。
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引用次数: 0
Teachers’ Practices and Perceptions of the Flipped Classroom Approach 教师对翻转课堂教学方法的实践与认知
Pub Date : 2023-03-19 DOI: 10.48185/jtls.v4i1.686
M. Melliti
Despite the importance of the flipped classroom approach, few studies have investigated its implementations in Tunisia. This study attempts to fill this gap by exploring the different applications of flipped classroom approach, its spread, and its applicability in Tunisia. This study aims to study the Flipped classroom approach’s practices in the English department within the Faculty of Arts and Humanities Kairouan (FLSHK). It also focuses on the English professors’ perceptions regarding this approach. Two research methods were used to collect data; observation of five English classes and interviews with nine FLSHK English professors. This research is of great value in understanding Tunisian professors’ perceptions of the flipped classroom and its applications within Tunisian English classrooms to seek better learning experiences. The findings have significant implications on teaching, teachers, and learners’ experiences. 
尽管翻转课堂教学方法很重要,但很少有研究调查其在突尼斯的实施情况。本研究试图通过探索翻转课堂方法的不同应用、传播及其在突尼斯的适用性来填补这一空白。本研究旨在研究翻转课堂教学方法在开滦文学院英语系的实践。它还侧重于英语教授对这种方法的看法。采用两种研究方法收集数据;观察了五堂英语课,并采访了九位外国语学院的英语教授。本研究对于了解突尼斯教授对翻转课堂的看法及其在突尼斯英语课堂中的应用,以寻求更好的学习体验具有重要价值。研究结果对教学、教师和学习者的经验具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
The Translator’s Responsibilities and Roles within the Analysis-Synthesis Translation Mode 分析-综合翻译模式下译者的责任与角色
Pub Date : 2023-03-19 DOI: 10.48185/jtls.v4i1.586
Yihe Sun
Concerning analysis-synthesis translation mode, this paper discusses the translator’s responsibilities and roles as the subject in the translation practice based on the mistranslations of Ge Gongzhen's History of Chinese Journalism. Missionary J. S. Roberts believed that translation was the logical combination of two processes—— analysis and synthesis. The analysis process is characterized by understanding. It emphasizes translators’  accurate understanding and professional analysis of the source text, while the synthesis process focuses on the transformation of language and culture. The two processes are dependent, forming the whole process of translation altogether. As the indisputable subject of translation, the translator should assume his own responsibilities in the two processes and conform to the certain principles to produce accurate and professional translation texts. The translator should be responsible for the facts and professional academics in the analysis process, and language and culture and translation itself in the synthesis process, playing the role of a reviewer, communicator and translator to realize the value of himself and the translation practice.
本文从分析-综合翻译模式出发,以葛公真《中国新闻史》的误译为例,探讨了翻译实践中译者作为主体的责任和角色。传教士j·s·罗伯茨认为翻译是分析和综合两个过程的逻辑结合。分析过程的特点是理解。它强调译者对原文的准确理解和专业分析,而综合过程则侧重于语言和文化的转换。这两个过程是相互依存的,共同构成了整个翻译过程。作为无可争议的翻译主体,译者在这两个过程中应该承担起自己的责任,并遵循一定的原则,以产生准确、专业的翻译文本。译者应在对事实和专业学者的分析过程中负责,在对语言和文化与翻译本身的综合过程中负责,扮演审稿人、传播者和译者的角色,实现自身和翻译实践的价值。
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引用次数: 0
A Comparative Study on English and Persian Subtitles of Korean Slangs: A Case of Television Variety Show Running Man 韩国俚语英、波斯语字幕的比较研究——以电视综艺节目《奔跑吧兄弟》为例
Pub Date : 2023-03-19 DOI: 10.48185/jtls.v4i1.569
Aynaz Samir, Tara Shahri
Regarding the challenges in translating slang expressions, This study aimed at describing the translation strategies of Korean slang expressions translation, particularly secondary slang according to Chapman’s (1998) theory, by two translators of English and Persian languages in the form of subtitles in a Korean variety show entitled Running Man. The researcher intended to first identify the most frequently used strategies by both English and Persian subtitlers to translate slang expressions, particularly secondary slang, and then compare them to find the differences that may exist between the translation strategies applied by translators for subtitling the slang in English and Persian languages. This research followed the descriptive quantitative method and the subtitling strategies used in this TV variety shows were classified. To analyze the data, Baker’s (1992) model was employed, the data was put in SPSS and a chi-square test was run to identify significant differences among the strategies used by Persian and English translators for subtitling the Korean slang expressions in the named TV show. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the strategies used by Persian and English translators. Out of Baker’s (1992) eight micro-strategies, the English translator applied five of them and the Iranian translator used six of them. The most commonly used strategies by English subtitlers were Classification ‘B’ and ‘D’ of Baker’s (1992) model and the most frequent strategies applied by Persian subtitlers were Classification ‘B’ and ‘F’. The researchers concluded that the dominant strategy used by both the English and the Persian translators was Classification ‘B’ and none of them used Classification ‘H’. Finally, it is suggested that the findings and literature of this study can be used in the slang translation process, by instructors, translators, and subtitlers; moreover, it is beneficial for other researchers in this area.
针对俚语翻译面临的挑战,本研究旨在描述两名英语和波斯语翻译人员在韩国综艺节目《Running Man》中以字幕形式翻译韩语俚语的翻译策略,特别是根据Chapman(1998)的理论翻译韩语俚语,特别是二级俚语。研究者打算首先确定英语和波斯语字幕者在翻译俚语,特别是二级俚语时最常用的策略,然后将它们进行比较,以发现翻译人员在翻译英语和波斯语俚语时所采用的翻译策略之间可能存在的差异。本研究采用描述性定量方法,对该电视综艺节目的字幕策略进行分类。为了分析数据,采用Baker(1992)模型,将数据输入SPSS,并进行卡方检验,以确定波斯语和英语翻译人员对命名电视节目中韩语俚语的字幕使用的策略是否存在显著差异。结果表明,波斯语译者和英语译者在翻译策略上存在显著差异。在Baker(1992)的八种微策略中,英语译者使用了其中的五种,伊朗译者使用了其中的六种。英语字幕者最常用的策略是Baker(1992)模型中的“B”和“D”分类策略,波斯语字幕者最常用的策略是“B”和“F”分类策略。研究人员得出结论,英语和波斯语译者使用的主要策略都是“B”分类,没有人使用“H”分类。最后,本研究的结果和文献可供教师、译者和字幕工作者在俚语翻译过程中使用;同时,对其他相关领域的研究也有一定的借鉴意义。
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引用次数: 0
Self-translator’s [In]Visibility Self-translator[在]的可见性
Pub Date : 2023-03-19 DOI: 10.48185/jtls.v4i1.668
Tomoko Takahashi
Self-back-translation is an uncommon practice in which a bilingual author retranslates thealready translated text of their writing back into the original source language. A good example ofself-back-translation comes from one of the short stories by Haruki Murakami, a renowned Japanese author and translator, who back-translated the English translation of his short story “Rēdāhōzen [Lederhosen]” into Japanese and published it as a new version. This peculiar practise of self-backtranslation has led a handful of translation researchers to probe into some of the ongoing debates in translation studies from new perspectives—e.g., to examine the relationship between intralingual and interlingual translation, the originality and translation, the translator’s (in)visibility, and more. Asking questions such as these, this paper examines the nature and purpose of self-back-translation and the role of translation in general, particularly from a self-translator’s perspective, by comaparing Murakami’s self-back-translation with another example by a self-translator. The study has found that much could get lost while going through the filtration process of self-back-translation, but much could be gained. Whether it is interlingual or intralingual translation, the end-product of this process could be an improvement from the source text—i.e., the translation sometimes exceeds the original. This is why some writers self-(back)-translate.
自回译是一种罕见的做法,即双语作者将已经翻译过的作品重新翻译成原始语言。日本著名作家、翻译家村上春树的短篇小说《Rēdāhōzen [Lederhosen]》就是自我反译的一个很好的例子。村上春树把自己的短篇小说的英文译本反译成日文,并以新版本出版。这种独特的自反译现象使得一些翻译研究者从新的角度来探讨翻译研究中的一些争论。,考察语内翻译与语际翻译、原创性与翻译、译者可见性等之间的关系。本文通过对村上春树的自反译与另一位自译者的自反译进行比较,探讨了自反译的性质、目的和翻译的作用,特别是从自译者的角度出发。研究发现,在自我反译的过滤过程中,可能会丢失很多东西,但也可能获得很多东西。无论是语际翻译还是语内翻译,这个过程的最终产物都可能是对源文本的改进。在美国,译文有时超过原文。这就是为什么有些作家会自我(反向)翻译。
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引用次数: 0
Nihonggo No Benkyou: The Case of Filipino ESL Teachers in Graduate School Nihonggo No Benkyou:菲律宾研究生院ESL教师的案例
Pub Date : 2023-03-19 DOI: 10.48185/jtls.v4i1.678
Bethany Marie Lumabi
In 2010, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) institutionalized the offering of foreign languages in the curricular programs of higher education institutions to accord global acceptance of local graduates in the Philippines. In graduate school, Nihongo is one of the foreign languages commonly offered in the local university.  Theoretically, the second language acquisition of adult learners (i.e., graduate students) is crucial and different from adolescent language learners. And there is a dearth of literature on Filipinos learning Nihongo; most of them involve college students and overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) and less among ESL teachers in graduate school. This study: (1) contributed to the limited evidence in Japanese language learning of Filipino students; showed qualitative evidence on the CPH of adult learning a third or fourth language. Results revealed that though most of the ESL teachers in graduate school were middle-aged, they partly considered their age crucial in learning Nihongo and declared that their age was not the only factor in recognizing their difficulties in learning a foreign language rather other learning limitations such as affective factors, learning environment, workload, etc.; (2) presented the ESL teachers’ difficulties in learning Nihongo language in the graduate school such as writing and translating sentences and phrases, vocabulary and pronunciation; and (3) showed their strategies in learning the Japanese language as an academic requirement were creating mental linkages, applying images and sounds, reviewing well, and employing actions. Thus, this study presented recommendations for the effective teaching of Japanese language among graduate students in the Philippines.
2010年,高等教育委员会(CHED)将外语课程纳入高等教育机构的课程计划,以使菲律宾本地毕业生获得全球认可。在研究生院,日语是当地大学普遍提供的外语之一。从理论上讲,成人学习者(即研究生)的第二语言习得是至关重要的,它不同于青少年语言学习者。关于菲律宾人学习日本语的文献很少;其中以大学生和海外菲律宾工人(ofw)居多,研究生院的ESL教师较少。本研究:(1)对菲律宾学生日语学习的有限证据有所贡献;对成人学习第三或第四语言的CPH有定性证据。结果显示,虽然研究生院的ESL教师大多为中年人,但他们认为年龄对日语学习有一定的影响,并且认为年龄不是他们学习外语困难的唯一因素,而是其他学习限制因素,如情感因素、学习环境、工作量等;(2)介绍了研究生院英语教师在日语学习中遇到的困难,如句子和短语的写作和翻译、词汇和发音;(3)学生将日语作为一项学术要求来学习的策略是建立心理联系、运用图像和声音、好好复习和运用动作。因此,本研究提出菲律宾研究生日语有效教学之建议。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of English Language and Translation Studies
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