Pub Date : 2019-11-05DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v15i2.3332
Lukmanul Hakim, Ris’an Rusli, D. Chaniago, Aziza Meria
Abstract The Historiography of Islam in the Nusantara Malay has been dominated by western scholars such as K.P. Lando, J.C. van Leur, R.O. Winstedt and J.j.de Graff. They claim that Islam in the Nusantara Malay region is a peripheral Islam that has no connection with Islam in the Middle East as the central. In the domination of these western authors, AzyumardiAzra emerges with contrasting idea and disagrees the claim. He states that Islam in the Nusantara Malay world cannot be separated from Islam in the Middle East which has strong connection and be a part of Islam in general. It belongs to one entity. He also states thatthe establishment and the development of Islam in a region must have connection with other regions. Therefore, this research tries to reconstruct and to analyze Azra’s contribution toward the Historiography of Islam in Nusantara Malay. The method use are historiography and content analysis. Azra’s contributions in the Historiography of Islam in the Nusantara Malay are to be determining the direction of its historiography, be approaching Islamic history in the Nusantara Malays as part of the world Islam and Muslim history,coloring Islam itself and offering consciousness on the history of Islam for muslim in the Nusantara Malay and introducing social history in the Historiography of Islam in the Nusantara Malay. Key w ords : Centralization, Marginal Islam, Azyumardi Azra, Islamic Historiography, The Nusantara Malay. Abstrak Historiografi Islam Melayu Nusantara selama ini didominasi oleh penulis Barat, di antaranya: K. P. Landon, J. C. van Leur, R. O. Winstedt dan H. J. De Graaf. Mereka berpendapat bahwa Islam di kawasan Melayu Nusantara adalah Islam pinggiran, Islam yang tidak ada hubungannya dengan Islam di pusatnya Timur Tengah. Di tengah dominasi penulis Barat tersebut muncullah Azyumardi Azra, ia tidak sependapat dengan kebanyakan penulis Barat tersebut. Menurut Azyumardi Azra, Islam di dunia Melayu Nusantara tidak bisa dipisahkan dari Islam yang ada di pusatnya Timur Tengah, dalam artian Islam di dunia Melayu Nusantara merupakan bagian dari Islam secara keseluruhan. Ia merupakan satu kesatuan yang tidak bisa dipisahkan. Tumbuh dan berkembangnya Islam di suatu kawasan mesti terkait dengan Islam di kawasan lain. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk merekonstruksi dan menganalisis konstribusi Azyumardi Azra dalam Historiografi Islam Melayu Nusantara. Sedangkan metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah metode sejarah dengan pendekatan historiografi dan analisis isi. Konstribusi Azyumardi Azra dalam Historiografi Islam Melayu Nusantara adalah menentukan arah perjalanan sejarah Islam di Melayu Nusantara, mendekati sejarah Islam di Melayu Nusantara sebagai bagian dari sejarah umat Islam secara keseluruhan, memberi warna Islam dan kesadaran sejarah umat Islam di dunia Melayu Nusantara serta memperkenalkan sejarah sosial di dalam Historiografi Islam Melayu Nusantara. Kata Kunci : Sentralisasi, Islam Marginal, Azyumardi Azra, Historiograf
努桑达拉马来语中的伊斯兰教史学一直以来都是由兰多(K.P. Lando)、范勒(J.C. van Leur)、温斯坦特(R.O. Winstedt)和格拉夫(J.j.de Graff)等西方学者主导的。他们声称,努沙达拉马来地区的伊斯兰教是外围伊斯兰教,与中东的伊斯兰教作为中心没有联系。在这些西方作家的统治下,阿兹yumardiazra以相反的观点出现,并反对这种说法。他指出,努桑塔拉马来世界的伊斯兰教不能与中东的伊斯兰教分开,中东的伊斯兰教与伊斯兰教有着密切的联系,并且是伊斯兰教的一部分。它属于一个实体。他还指出,伊斯兰教在一个地区的建立和发展必须与其他地区有联系。因此,本研究试图重建并分析阿兹拉在努桑塔拉马来语中对伊斯兰教史学的贡献。采用的方法有史学和内容分析法。阿兹拉在努桑塔拉马来语的伊斯兰教史学中的贡献是决定其史学的方向,将努桑塔拉马来语中的伊斯兰教历史作为世界伊斯兰教和穆斯林历史的一部分来处理,为努桑塔拉马来语中的穆斯林提供伊斯兰教历史的意识,并在努桑塔拉马来语的伊斯兰教史学中介绍社会历史。关键词:中央集权,边缘伊斯兰教,阿兹yumardi Azra,伊斯兰史学,努桑塔拉马来。[摘要]伊斯兰教史学研究:马拉尤·努桑塔拉:《伊斯兰教史学研究》,《伊斯兰史学研究》,《伊斯兰史学研究》,《伊斯兰史学研究》,《伊斯兰史学研究》,《伊斯兰史学研究》,《伊斯兰史学研究》,《伊斯兰史学研究》,《伊斯兰史学》,《伊斯兰史学》,《伊斯兰史学》,《伊斯兰史学》,《伊斯兰史学》,《伊斯兰史学》,《伊斯兰史学》,《伊斯兰史学》Mereka berpendapat bahwa Islam di kawasan Melayu Nusantara adalah Islam pinggiran, Islam yang tidak ada hubungannya dengan Islam di pusatnya Timur Tengah。阿祖马地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地阿祖地。Menurut Azyumardi Azra, Islam di dunia Melayu Nusantara tidak bisa dipisahkan dari Islam yang ada di pusatnya Timur Tengah, dalam artian Islam di dunia Melayu Nusantara merupakan bagian dari Islam secara keseluruhan。i merupakan satu kesatuan yang tidak bisa dipisahkan。Tumbuh dan berkembangnya Islam di suatu kawasan mesti terkait dengan Islam di kawasan lain。伊斯兰教历史学家马莱尤·努桑塔拉。[参考译文][史学分析]。Konstribusi Azyumardi Azra dalam伊斯兰历史学家Melayu Nusantara alalah menentukan perjalanan sejarah umat Islam secara keseluruhan,成员为伊斯兰教历史学家Melayu Nusantara,成员为社会历史学家Melayu Nusantara。Kata Kunci: Sentralisasi,伊斯兰边缘,Azyumardi Azra,伊斯兰史学,Melayu Nusantara。
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Pub Date : 2019-11-05DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v15i2.3611
A. Akmal
Abstract Since its emergence, the discourse of Liberal Islam has invited much controversy. Several Muslim scholars consider it as nothing more than a continuation of the concepts previously delivered by Nurcholish Madjid or Harun Nasution. Initially discussed in academic forums and laid out in scientific papers, towards the end of the first decade in the 2000s, the discourse of liberal Islam was brought by its supporters to cyberspace, namely through the social media. This strategy has resulted in a rather dramatic change, prompting the emergence of the movement of young Muslims who call themselves #IndonesiaTanpaJIL (ITJ). Although most of its supporters are not scholars, the ITJ actions proved to be effective in discrediting the liberal Islam movement. Through observations in cyberspace, this research seeks to reveal the uniqueness of the ITJ movement and the measures it has taken to confront the liberal Islam. This work will also highlight several developments in the liberal Islam movement itself, resulting in the conclusion that liberal Islam is in fact can be seen as a discourse that has failed to develop in the cyberspace. Keywords: Cyberspace, Liberal Islam, IndonesiaTanpaJIL, Youth, Movement, Indonesia. Abstrak Sejak kemunculannya, wacana Islam Liberal telah mengundang banyak kontroversi. Banyak sarjana Muslim menganggapnya hanya sebatas kelanjutan dari konsep-konsep yang sebelumnya telah diajukan oleh Nurcholish Madjid atau Harun Nasution. Jika awalnya dibahas dalam forum akademik dan dituangkan dalam karya-karya ilmiah, menjelang akhir dekade pertama tahun 2000-an, wacana Islam liberal dibawa oleh para pendukungnya ke dunia maya, yaitu melalui media sosial. Strategi ini telah menghasilkan perubahan yang agak dramatis, mendorong munculnya gerakan pemuda Muslim yang menyebut diri mereka #IndonesiaTanpaJIL (ITJ). Meskipun sebagian besar anggotanya bukanlah cendekiawan, aksi-aksi ITJ terbukti efektif dalam mendiskreditkan gerakan Islam liberal. Melalui pengamatan di dunia maya, penelitian ini berupaya mengungkapkan keunikan pergerakan ITJ dan langkah-langkah yang diambilnya untuk menghadapi Islam liberal. Karya ini juga akan berupaya menyoroti sejumlah perkembangan dalam pergerakan Islam liberal itu sendiri, sehingga menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa Islam liberal pada kenyataannya dapat dipandang sebagai sebuah wacana yang telah gagal berkembang di dunia maya. Kata Kunci : Cyberspace, Islam Liberal, IndonesiaTanpaJIL, Pemuda, Pergerakan, Indonesia.
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Pub Date : 2019-11-05DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v15i2.3386
Anita Anita, Badrun Kartowagiran, Ayub Ayub
Abstract Islamic civilization is built upon Islam as a distinctive religion and way of life ( din ). Therefore, the fate of this civilization depends on the religiosity of each Muslim individuals. In this context, an empirical study to map Muslim religiosity becomes necessary. However, studies of Muslim religiosity have been imbued with conceptual as well as epistemological bias due to the adaptation of instruments that were developed based on the Judeo-Christian traditions. This article presents a mapping of Muslim millennial religiosity (306 respondents) using The Muslim Religiosity-Personality Inventory (MRPI), an instrument developed based on the concept of Islamic Worldview. Muslim millennials were chosen because of their strategic demographic position in the development of Islamic civilization. The religiosity of the respondents would be analyzed by referring to two dimensions of Islamic religiosity, namely Islamic Worldview and Religious Personality. Regarding the first dimension, this research revealed that millennials Muslims in Yogyakarta strongly believe in God's active involvement in the affairs of His creatures. However, they lack the understanding of the nature of the involvement. They also have a low score in some crucial aspects of Islamic worldview such as the universality of Islamic teachings and the concept of fit h rah (human nature). Regarding the second dimension, they have a high score on personal religiosity, medium score on social religiosity ( mu’âmalât ), and a low score in ritual religiosity (‘ ibâdah mahdhah ). This article will further discuss the implications of the findings to the development of Islamic civilization. Keywords : Religiosity, Millennial Muslim, Islamic Worldview, Religious Personality. Abstrak Peradaban Islam dibangun di atas fondasi Islam sebagai agama ( din ) yang distingtif dan unggul. Oleh karena itu, nasib peradaban ini tergantung kepada sejauh mana tiap Muslim menghayati agamanya. Dalam konteks ini, kajian religiositas yang empiris untuk memetakan keberagamaan ini menjadi perlu. Namun, selama ini kajian religiositas masih bias secara konseptual dan epistemologis, sebab kebanyakan instrumen yang digunakan berasal dari tradisi Yahudi atau Kristen. Artikel ini menyajikan pemetaan religiositas milenial Muslim (sampel 306 orang) dengan menggunakan The Muslim Religiosity-Personality Inventory (MRPI), sebuah instrumen yang dikembangkan berasaskan konsep Islamic Worldview. Milenial Muslim dipilih sebab posisi demografis mereka yang strategis dalam pembangunan peradaban. Data religiositas responden dipetakan dengan dengan merujuk kepada dua dimensi yaitu Islamic Worldview (IW) dan Religious Personality (RP) . Dari dimensi IW, ditemukan bahwa milenial Muslim di Yogyakarta meyakini keterlibatan mutlak Allah di alam, tapi belum memahami dengan baik mekanisme hubungan Allah dengan ciptaan-Nya. Mereka juga memperoleh skor rendah dalam aspek krusial seperti tentang keuniversalan ajaran Islam dan pandangan
伊斯兰文明是建立在伊斯兰教作为一种独特的宗教和生活方式(din)之上的。因此,这个文明的命运取决于每个穆斯林个人的宗教信仰。在这种背景下,有必要对穆斯林的宗教虔诚度进行实证研究。然而,由于对基于犹太-基督教传统开发的工具的适应,对穆斯林宗教信仰的研究充满了概念和认识论的偏见。本文使用基于伊斯兰世界观概念开发的工具“穆斯林宗教-个性量表”(MRPI),展示了一份穆斯林千禧一代宗教虔诚度(306名受访者)的地图。选择穆斯林千禧一代是因为他们在伊斯兰文明发展中的战略人口地位。被调查者的宗教性将参考伊斯兰教宗教性的两个维度,即伊斯兰世界观和宗教人格来分析。关于第一个维度,这项研究揭示了日惹的千禧一代穆斯林强烈相信上帝积极参与他的创造物的事务。然而,他们缺乏对参与的性质的理解。他们在伊斯兰世界观的一些关键方面也得分很低,比如伊斯兰教义的普遍性和人性的概念。在第二个维度上,他们在个人宗教虔诚度上得分较高,在社会宗教虔诚度(mu ' mal)上得分中等,在仪式宗教虔诚度(' ib dah mahdhah)上得分较低。本文将进一步讨论这些发现对伊斯兰文明发展的影响。关键词:宗教性,千禧一代穆斯林,伊斯兰世界观,宗教人格。【摘要】Peradaban Islam dibangun di数据基础伊斯兰教sebagai agama (din)阳区分丹古尔。Oleh karena itu, nasib peradaban ini tergantong kepada sejauh manap穆斯林menghayati agamanya。达拉姆·康泰克尼,卡吉安的宗教信仰,如杨氏帝国,如梅塔坎·克伯拉加玛安·曼加迪·佩鲁。在认识论的基础上,建立了一种科学的方法,使人们对科学的认识有了更深入的了解。《穆斯林宗教人格量表(MRPI)》,《穆斯林宗教人格量表》,《伊斯兰世界观》。千禧年穆斯林dipilih sebab posisi demografis mereka yang strategis dalam pembangunan peradaban。数据宗教性研究是对伊斯兰世界观(IW)和宗教人格(RP)的双重维度的研究。日惹,日惹,日惹,日惹,日惹,日惹,日惹,日惹,日惹,日惹,日惹,日惹Mereka juga memperoleh skor rendah dalam说krusial seperi tenteni keuniversan ajaran Islam和pandangan tenteni fitrah manusia。帕达维印尼语(印尼语)印尼语印尼语印尼语印尼语印尼语印尼语印尼语印尼语印尼语印尼语印尼语印尼语印尼语印尼语印尼语印尼语印尼语印尼语印尼语印尼语印尼语Namun skor mereka rendah dalam ranah仪式(' ib dah mahdhah)。Artikel ini juga akan mendiskusian signfifikansi skor yang的数据响应的pad - apap指标显示,该数据显示的是apapabunan peradaban Islam。Kata Kunci: Religiositas,千年穆斯林,伊斯兰世界观,Kepribadian Religius。
{"title":"Peta Religiositas berdasarkan Islamic Worldview pada Milenial Muslim di Yogyakarta","authors":"Anita Anita, Badrun Kartowagiran, Ayub Ayub","doi":"10.21111/tsaqafah.v15i2.3386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v15i2.3386","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Islamic civilization is built upon Islam as a distinctive religion and way of life ( din ). Therefore, the fate of this civilization depends on the religiosity of each Muslim individuals. In this context, an empirical study to map Muslim religiosity becomes necessary. However, studies of Muslim religiosity have been imbued with conceptual as well as epistemological bias due to the adaptation of instruments that were developed based on the Judeo-Christian traditions. This article presents a mapping of Muslim millennial religiosity (306 respondents) using The Muslim Religiosity-Personality Inventory (MRPI), an instrument developed based on the concept of Islamic Worldview. Muslim millennials were chosen because of their strategic demographic position in the development of Islamic civilization. The religiosity of the respondents would be analyzed by referring to two dimensions of Islamic religiosity, namely Islamic Worldview and Religious Personality. Regarding the first dimension, this research revealed that millennials Muslims in Yogyakarta strongly believe in God's active involvement in the affairs of His creatures. However, they lack the understanding of the nature of the involvement. They also have a low score in some crucial aspects of Islamic worldview such as the universality of Islamic teachings and the concept of fit h rah (human nature). Regarding the second dimension, they have a high score on personal religiosity, medium score on social religiosity ( mu’âmalât ), and a low score in ritual religiosity (‘ ibâdah mahdhah ). This article will further discuss the implications of the findings to the development of Islamic civilization. Keywords : Religiosity, Millennial Muslim, Islamic Worldview, Religious Personality. Abstrak Peradaban Islam dibangun di atas fondasi Islam sebagai agama ( din ) yang distingtif dan unggul. Oleh karena itu, nasib peradaban ini tergantung kepada sejauh mana tiap Muslim menghayati agamanya. Dalam konteks ini, kajian religiositas yang empiris untuk memetakan keberagamaan ini menjadi perlu. Namun, selama ini kajian religiositas masih bias secara konseptual dan epistemologis, sebab kebanyakan instrumen yang digunakan berasal dari tradisi Yahudi atau Kristen. Artikel ini menyajikan pemetaan religiositas milenial Muslim (sampel 306 orang) dengan menggunakan The Muslim Religiosity-Personality Inventory (MRPI), sebuah instrumen yang dikembangkan berasaskan konsep Islamic Worldview. Milenial Muslim dipilih sebab posisi demografis mereka yang strategis dalam pembangunan peradaban. Data religiositas responden dipetakan dengan dengan merujuk kepada dua dimensi yaitu Islamic Worldview (IW) dan Religious Personality (RP) . Dari dimensi IW, ditemukan bahwa milenial Muslim di Yogyakarta meyakini keterlibatan mutlak Allah di alam, tapi belum memahami dengan baik mekanisme hubungan Allah dengan ciptaan-Nya. Mereka juga memperoleh skor rendah dalam aspek krusial seperti tentang keuniversalan ajaran Islam dan pandangan","PeriodicalId":53315,"journal":{"name":"Tsaqafah","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41478328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-05DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v15i2.3376
Rahmad Hakim
Abstract Tax occupies an important role as a source income of the state. With this role, there are several important regulations in taxation, including the obligation for citizens to pay taxes. To enhance the benefit of tax, the criteria and ethical guidelines are needed for tax officers in carrying out their duties, so that the tax collection mechanism runs fairly, more transparent and accountable. This paper aims to analyze the criteria and ethical guidelines for tax officers in Islamic civilization as recorded in some traditional literature. This is qualitative research using the method of documentation in the collection of data. This study concluded that the criteria of tax officer are: first, the free person (not slave). S econd, am â nah . T hird, capable or expert (kaf â 'ah) . F ourth, meet the criteria of faq i h and mujtah i d (if serves as a determinant of the tax rate ( khar â j )). On the other hand, the ethical guidelines for tax officer are: first, no excess conduct for the taxpayers. Second, no persecution. Third, avoid manipulating the value of gold. Fourth, no prize in the form of precious stones. Fifth, collect taxes properly and correctly (in accordance with sharia provisions). Sixth, no tax (khar â j) on people who convert to Muslim. Keywords: Ethics, Taxation, Islamic Taxation, Tax Officer, Islamic Civilization. Abstrak Pajak menempati peran penting sebagai sumber pendapatan dari negara. Dengan peran ini ada beberapa peraturan penting dalam perpajakan, termasuk kewajiban bagi warga negara untuk membayar pajak. Untuk meningkatkan manfaat pajak, kriteria dan pedoman etika diperlukan bagi petugas pajak dalam menjalankan tugasnya, sehingga mekanisme pengumpulan pajak berjalan dengan adil, lebih transparan, dan akuntabel. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kriteria dan pedoman etika bagi petugas pajak dalam peradaban Islam sebagaimana dicatat dalam beberapa literatur tradisional. Ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode dokumentasi dalam pengumpulan data. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kriteria untuk petugas pajak adalah: pertama , orang bebas (bukan budak). Kedua , amanah. Ketiga , cakap atau ahli (kafâ’ah) . Keempat , memenuhi kriteria faqih dan mujtahid (jika berfungsi sebagai penentu tarif pajak (kharâj) ). Di sisi lain, pedoman etika untuk petugas pajak adalah: pertama tidak ada perilaku berlebihan untuk wajib pajak. Kedua , tidak ada penganiayaan. Ketiga, hindari memanipulasi nilai emas. Keempat, tidak ada hadiah dalam bentuk batu mulia. Kelima, memungut pajak dengan benar (sesuai dengan ketentuan syariah). Keenam, tidak ada pajak (kharâj) pada orang-orang yang menyamar menjadi Muslim. Kata Kunci : Etika, Perpajakan, Perpajakan Islam, Petugas Pajak, Peradaban Islam.
摘要税收作为国家的收入来源,具有重要的地位。有了这个角色,税收方面有几个重要的规定,包括公民纳税的义务。为了提高税收效益,税务人员在履行职责时需要制定标准和道德准则,以便税收征收机制公平、透明和负责。本文旨在分析一些传统文献中记载的伊斯兰文明中税务人员的标准和道德准则。这是一项定性研究,采用文献资料法收集数据。这项研究得出的结论是,税务官员的标准是:首先,自由人(而不是奴隶)。最后,我很抱歉。T长、能干或专家。第四,满足faq i h和mujtah i d的标准(如果作为税率(kharâj)的决定因素)。另一方面,税务人员的道德准则是:第一,纳税人不得有过度行为。第二,不受迫害。第三,避免操纵黄金价值。第四,没有宝石形式的奖品。第五,(根据伊斯兰教法的规定)适当、正确地收税。第六,对皈依穆斯林的人不征税。关键词:伦理,税务,伊斯兰税务,税务官员,伊斯兰文明。《和平摘要》作为国家收入来源发挥着重要作用。有了这个角色,教育中有一些重要的规则,包括公民纳税的义务。为了提高税收的效益、标准和道德纪律,税务官员有必要履行职责,使税收征收机制公平、透明和负责。因此,这是关于分析伊斯兰文明中税务官员的标准和道德指导,正如一些传统文献所指出的那样。这是在数据收集中使用文献方法进行的定性研究。这项研究得出的结论是,税务官员的标准是:首先,一个自由的人(而不是奴隶)。第二,信任。第三,说或做人民的事。第四,符合互惠互利的标准(如果它作为应税人员)。另一方面,税务官员的道德偏见是:首先,不存在过度的税务行为。第二,不要冒犯。第三,避免操纵黄金。第四,没有贵重的石头作为礼物。第五,正确征税。第六,对那些伪装成穆斯林的人不征税。关键词:伦理,税务,伊斯兰税务,和平卫士,伊斯兰回应。
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Pub Date : 2019-11-05DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v15i2.3289
F. Hadi
Abstract Ismail Raji al-Faruqi is known as a contemporary Muslim scholar who played an important role and instigator the idea of the Islamization of contemporary science. To realize the idea of the Islamization of contemporary science, al-Faruqi sparked the founding of the International of Islamic Thought (IIIT) centered in the United States. Al-Faruqi is not only well known for his ideas in the arena of thought but also authored a book titled “Al-Ta wḥ i d: Its Implications for Thought and Life ". In this book al-Faruqi describes the principle of tawhid as the principle of the revival of the ummah. However, this principle began to be eroded and shaken by the understanding of a secular-liberal modern society. For al-Faruqi, the concept of tawḥid is a primordial element as the true identity of civilization. Bearing in mind the identity of civilization, tawḥid must be understood as a universal concept that is able to make a major contribution to the revival of Islamic civilization in the past. There are thirteen principles of tauhid explained by al-Faruqi. All of these principles are inherently interrelated to one another. In connection with the writing of this paper, the author focuses his analysis and discussion on four main principles with the assumption that allows a deeper study. The four principles that the writer will describe are; first the principle of tawḥid as a worldview. Second, tawḥid as the principle of knowledge. Third, tawḥid as a family principle that means the family in Islam has a support that is Islamic law which is determined by tawḥid and Islamic religious experience. Fourth, tawḥid as a metaphysical principle. This paper tries to explore the ideas of al-Faruqi in the frame of the analysis of the interrelation of the four principles in an effort to refresh the detention of Muslims in the path of realizing Islamic civilization. Keywords: Tawhid, Ismail Raji al-Faruqi, Islam, Knowledge, Civilization. Abstrak Ismail Raji al-Faruqi dikenal sebagai cendekiawan Muslim kontemporer yang berperan besar dalam menggagas ide Islamisasi Ilmu pengetahuan kontemporer. Untuk merealisasikan gagasan Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan kontemporer, al-Faruqi mencetus berdirinya International of Islamic Thought (IIIT) berpusat di Amerika Serikat. Tidak hanya itu, al-Faruqi juga mengarang sebuah buku dengan judul “Al-Tawhid: Its Implications for Thought and Life” . Di dalam buku tersebut al-Faruqi mengurai prinsip tawḥid sebagi asas kebangkitan ummah . Namun prinsip tersebut mulai tergerus dan tergoyah oleh paham masyarakat modern yang sekuler-liberal. Bagi al-Faruqi, konsep tawḥid merupakan unsur primordial sebagai identitas peradaban yang sebenarnya. Mengingat sebagai identitas peradaban, maka tawḥid harus dipahami sebagai konsep universal yang mampu memberikan kontribusi besar bagi tegaknya kembali peradaban Islam masa silam. Terdapat tiga belas prinsip tawḥid yang dipaparkan al-Faruqi. Semua prinsip tersebut adalah inheren saling terkait satu sama la
摘要伊斯梅尔·拉吉·法鲁奇是当代著名的穆斯林学者,他在当代科学伊斯兰化思想中发挥了重要作用和煽动者。为了实现当代科学的伊斯兰化,法鲁奇发起了以美国为中心的伊斯兰思想国际组织(IIIT)的成立。Al Faruqi不仅以其在思想领域的思想而闻名,而且还写了一本名为《Al Ta wḥi d:它对思想和生活的启示》的书”。在这本书中,al-Faruqi将塔希德原则描述为乌玛复兴的原则。然而,对世俗自由现代社会的理解开始侵蚀和动摇这一原则。能够为过去伊斯兰文明的复兴做出重大贡献的普遍概念。法鲁奇解释了tauhid的十三个原理。所有这些原则本质上是相互关联的。结合本文的写作,作者将重点分析和讨论四个主要原则,并假设可以进行更深入的研究。作者将描述的四个原则是:;首先是塔希吉德作为世界观的原则。第二,塔维是知识的原则。第三,作为一种家庭原则,即伊斯兰教中的家庭有伊斯兰法律的支持,这是由塔维派和伊斯兰宗教经验决定的。第四,塔希德作为形而上学的原则。本文试图在分析四项原则相互关系的框架下,对法鲁奇的思想进行探讨,以期在实现伊斯兰文明的道路上重新审视对穆斯林的拘禁。关键词:塔维德,伊斯梅尔·拉吉·法鲁奇,伊斯兰教,知识,文明。Abstrak Ismail Raji al-Faruqi被称为当代穆斯林哲学家,他在粉碎伊斯兰化当代科学思想方面发挥了重要作用。为了实现当代科学伊斯兰化的理念,法鲁奇创立了以美国为中心的伊斯兰思想国际组织。不仅如此,al-Faruqi还写了一本名为《al-Tawhid:它对思想和生活的启示》的书。在那本书中,al-Faruqi将tawğid的原则描述为普遍复活的基础。但随着对世俗自由主义现代社会的理解,这一原则开始动摇。对al-Faruqi来说,tawḥid的概念是作为文明真实身份的主要元素。作为文明的身份,tawḥid必须被理解为一个能够为过去伊斯兰文明的严格回归做出巨大贡献的普遍概念。法鲁奇展示了十三条塔维原则。所有这些原则都是彼此固有的。结合本文,笔者着重对四树原理进行分析和划分,假设有可能做更深入的研究。将写urai的四个原则是,作为世界观的第一个tawḥid原则。第二,塔维作为一种知识原则。第三,家庭原则是指伊斯兰教中的家庭有一个由家庭原则和伊斯兰宗教经验决定的伊斯兰法律的支持者。第四,将本我作为形而上学的原则。因此,这试图在分析四项原则的联系的背景下抹去法鲁奇的想法,试图在几分钟内恢复穆斯林在伊斯兰文明复兴道路上的克制。关键词:Tawhid,Ismail Raji al-Faruqi,伊斯兰教,知识,Peradaban。
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Pub Date : 2019-11-04DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v15i2.3006
Isman Saleh
Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore Ibnu Taymiya's critique of the speculative style of syllogistic rationality which is currently undergoing an epistemological disclaimer because it is alienate from transcendence and humanitarian values. The criticism is mainly for two things namely negative propositions in syllogism limiting the metaphysical dimension, and negative propositions are accept as procedural consensus truths not because of empirical facts. Syllogism in the view of Ibnu Taymiyya only produced hypothetical conceptual knowledge. In a syllogistic rule that is rely upon is the inferential procedure which results in statements that are not contradictory or tautological. However, Ibnu Taymiyya's view proved inaccurate, especially on the principle of implication, causality and consistency. Ibnu Taymiyya proposed analogical reasoning ( qiyâs ) which is one of the ushuliyyah reasoning models for constructing inferences based on axiomatic texts based on text ( bayâni ) and facts ( burhani ). Prophetic reasoning rules are construct in two steps, namely analogical assessment ( tashdiq ) and inference methods based on eliminative deduction. Keywords : Ibnu Taimiyya, Prophetic Reasoning, Syllogism Criticism, Analogical Assessment, Eliminative Deduction. Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi kritik Ibnu Taimiyyah terhadap corak rasionalitas spekulatif silogisme yang saat ini sedang mengalami gugatan epistemologis karena terasing dari nilai-nilai transendensi dan kemanusiaan. Kritik tersebut terutama ditujukan kepada dua hal yaitu proposisi negatif dalam silogisme membatasi komponen metafisik, dan proposisi negatif diterima sebagai kebenaran konsensus prosedural bukan karena fakta empiris . Silogisme dalam pandangan Ibnu Taimiyyah hanya menghasilkan pengetahuan konseptual yang hipotetik. Dalam prosedur silogisme yang diandalkan adalah prosedur inferensinya yang menghasilkan pernyataan yang tidak saling bertentangan atau tautologis. Namun keandalan tersebut dalam pandangan Ibnu Taimiyyah terbukti tidak akurat terutama pada prinsip implikasi, kausalitas dan konsistensi. Ibnu Taymiyyah mengusulkan penalaran analogis ( qiyâs ) yang merupakan salah satu model penalaran ushuliyyah untuk mengkonstruksikan inferensi berdasarkan argumentasi aksiomatik berbasis teks ( bayâni ) dan fakta ( burhani ). Prosedur penalaran profetik dikonstruksikan melalui dua langkah, yakni penilaian ( tashdiq ) analogis dan metode inferensi yang berbasis pada deduksi eliminatif. Kata Kunci : Ibnu Taimiyyah, Penalaran Profetik, Kritik Silogisme, Penilaian Analogis, Deduksi Eliminatif.
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Pub Date : 2019-11-04DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v15i2.3379
Hamid Fahmy Zarkasyi, Jarman Arroisi, Amal Hizbullah Basa, Dahniar Maharani
Abstr act This study discusses faith in Islamic psychotherapy. This study departs from the fact of moral degradation that occurs in many parts of the world caused by psyche illness. Moral degradation causes the erosion of faith, especially for Muslims. For this reason, an effort is needed as faith can be maintained and the soul remains healthy. The cause of treating mental illness is more difficult than treating physical pain. In this context, a well-known Turkish scholar, Badiuzzaman Said Nursi, has an interesting concept to address the problem of moral degradation. Nursi said the best solution to overcome mental illness is to improve one's faith as if the faith is correct then the behaviour will be right, and vice versa. Islam is not only limited to intellectual contemplation, but also as a direct answer from the various discussions that he experienced personally as well as a response to the problem being discussed by the Turkish community compilation. This research is a qualitative study (literature) of Nursi's work, Risale-i Nur. His ideas about psychotherapy are distributed in the book. His views on Islamic psychotherapy produce a deep understanding of the concept of faith and its influence in life. The authors hope this study can make scientific contributions and be able to provide solutions to the problems that are currently being approved. Keywords: Badiuzzaman Said Nursi, Risale-i Nur, Psychotherapy, Faith, Islam. Abstrak Artikel ini membahas tentang iman dalam psikoterapi Islam. Penelitian ini berangkat dari fakta degradasi moral yang banyak terjadi di berbagai belahan dunia yang disebabkan oleh penyakit hati. Khususnya bagi umat Islam, degradasi moral menyebabkan terkikisnya iman. Untuk itu diperlukan sebuah upaya agar iman terjaga dan jiwa tetap sehat. Sebab mengobati sakit jiwa lebih sulit dari mengobati sakit fisik. Dalam konteks ini, seorang ulama kenamaan Turki, Badiuzzaman Said Nursi, memiliki konsep yang menarik untuk menjawab problem degradasi moral. Nursi mengatakan solusi terbaik dalam mengatasi penyakit jiwa adalah dengan memperbaiki keimanan seseorang. Sebab jika keimanan sudah benar maka perilakunya pun akan benar, demikian sebaliknya. Penting dicatat bahwa gagasannya mengenai psikoterapi Islam tidak hanya sebatas renungan intelektual semata, malainkan juga sebagai jawaban langsung dari berbagai persoalan yang dialaminya secara pribadi juga sebagai respon dari problem yang sedang dihadapi masyarakat Turki ketika itu. Penelitian ini merupakan salah satu kajian kualitatif (literatur) terhadap karya Nursi, Risale-i Nur. Gagasannya mengenai psikoterapi tersebar dalam buku tersebut. Pendekatannya dalam psikoterapi Islam melahirkan sebuah pemahaman yang mendalam terhadap konsep keimanan dan pengaruhnya dalam kehidupan. Besar harapan penulis, kajian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi ilmiah dan mampu memberikan solusi terhadap masalah yang sedang dihadapi saat ini. Kata Kunci : Badiuzzaman Said Nursi, Risale-i Nur, Psik
这项研究讨论了伊斯兰心理治疗中的信仰。这项研究偏离了世界上许多地方因精神疾病而发生的道德败坏的事实。道德沦丧导致信仰的侵蚀,尤其是对穆斯林而言。因此,需要努力,因为信仰可以保持,灵魂保持健康。治疗精神疾病的原因比治疗身体疼痛更困难。在这种背景下,土耳其著名学者Badiuzzaman Said Nursi提出了一个有趣的概念来解决道德退化问题。Nursi说,克服精神疾病的最佳解决方案是提高一个人的信仰,如果信仰是正确的,那么行为就是正确的,反之亦然。伊斯兰教不仅局限于思想思考,而且是对他个人经历的各种讨论的直接回答,也是对土耳其社区汇编所讨论问题的回应。这项研究是对努尔的作品《里萨莱·努尔》的定性研究(文献)。他关于心理治疗的观点在书中有介绍。他对伊斯兰心理治疗的观点使他对信仰的概念及其在生活中的影响有了深刻的理解。作者希望这项研究能够做出科学贡献,并能够为目前正在批准的问题提供解决方案。关键词:Badiuzzaman Said Nursi,Risale-i Nur,心理治疗,信仰,伊斯兰教。这篇摘要文章讨论了伊斯兰心理治疗中的信仰。这项研究是基于这样一个事实,即心脏病在世界不同地区造成了许多道德败坏。尤其是对伊斯兰人民来说,道德沦丧会导致信仰的破裂。保持信仰和灵魂健康需要努力。因为治疗精神疾病比治疗身体疾病更难。在这种背景下,土耳其学者Badiuzzaman Said Nursi有一个有趣的概念来回答道德退化的问题。护士说,治疗精神疾病的最佳解决方案是修复某人的信仰。因为如果信是真的,他的行为就是真的。值得注意的是,他对伊斯兰心理治疗的想法不仅局限于当前的智力视角,而且是对他个人提出的各种问题以及土耳其社会当时面临的问题的直接回答。本研究是对Nursi,Risale-i Nur的定性研究之一。他的心理治疗思想在那本书中传播开来。他的伊斯兰心理治疗方法使他对信仰的概念及其在生活中的影响有了深刻的理解。作者最大的希望是这项研究能够提供科学的投入,并为我们目前面临的问题提供解决方案。关键词:Badiuzzaman Said Nursi,Risale-i Nur,心理疗法,信仰,伊斯兰教。
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Pub Date : 2019-11-03DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v15i2.3387
Aldy Pradhana, Yongki Sutoyo
Abstract The development and progress of science and technology today cannot be separated from physics. Through physics, various benefits have been presented to human life, for example in the fields of industry, transportation of information and communication. However, behind the variety of benefits that have been presented it turns out to contain serious problems, namely the crisis of morality and spirituality. The emergence and development of the problem is rooted in the secular physicist worldview, where God and religion are not central and influential in scientific activity. This is diametrically different from the Worldview of Islam which makes God the basis for the development of science. Thus, Islam does not experience problems regarding the relationship of religion and science. This includes physics which has been proven factually by previous Islamic scientists. That is, worldview so designate how physics is developed. So, in this article will be described the variant of problems related to worldview, which are believed and used by physicists, in developing physics and technology and how the worldview of Islam responds to these problems as an alternative to the development of physics. The worldview of Islam, if held consistently by Muslim scientists as a basis for the development of physics, will have the following implications: First , the shift in physicists' worldview; Second , giving orientation to physicists' scientific works; Third , encourage improvement, refinement, re-formulation of physics theory and how technology is produced and its actualization; Fourth , if the first to third points are actualized to physicists on a broad scale, then the scientific culture nowadays is most likely to shift; Fifth , it is possible to shift the scientific paradigm. Keywords: Worldview, Tawhid, Physics, Secular, Implications. Abstrak Perkembangan dan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan serta teknologi yang begitu pesat dewasa ini tidak bisa dilepaskan dari ilmu fisika. Lewat ilmu fisika, ragam kebermanfaatan telah dihadirkan bagi kehidupan manusia, misalnya dalam bidang industri, transportasi informasi dan komunikasi. Namun dibalik ragam kebermanfaatan yang telah dihadirkan itu ternyata mengandung problem serius, yakni krisis moralitas dan spiritualitas. Muncul dan berkembangnya problem tersebut berakar dari worldview Fisikawan yang sekuler, dimana Tuhan dan agama menjadi tidak sentral dan berpengaruh dalam aktivitas ilmiah ( scientific activity ). Hal ini berbeda secara diametris dengan pandangan hidup Islam yang menjadikan Tuhan sebagai basis dalam pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Sehingga Islam tidak mengalami persoalan perihal relasi agama dan ilmu pengetahuan. Hal ini termasuk ilmu fisika yang telah dibuktikan secara faktual oleh para ilmuwan Islam terdahulu. Artinya, pandangan hidup begitu menentukan bagaimana ilmu fisika dikembangkan. Maka dalam artikel ini akan dipaparkan varian persoalan terkait worldview yang diyakini dan digunakan oleh para fisik
当今科学技术的发展和进步离不开物理学。通过物理学,各种各样的好处已经呈现给人类生活,例如在工业领域,信息和通信的运输。然而,在各种各样的好处背后却隐藏着严重的问题,即道德和精神的危机。这个问题的出现和发展根源于世俗物理学家的世界观,在这种世界观中,上帝和宗教在科学活动中不是中心和有影响力的。这与伊斯兰教的世界观截然不同,伊斯兰教认为真主是科学发展的基础。因此,伊斯兰教在宗教和科学的关系上没有遇到问题。这包括物理学,它已经被以前的伊斯兰科学家证实了。也就是说,世界观决定了物理学是如何发展的。因此,本文将描述物理学家在发展物理学和技术时所相信和使用的世界观相关问题的变体,以及伊斯兰教的世界观如何回应这些问题,作为物理学发展的另一种选择。如果穆斯林科学家始终把伊斯兰教的世界观作为物理学发展的基础,将产生以下影响:第一,物理学家世界观的转变;二是为物理学家的科学工作指明方向;第三,鼓励改进、细化、重新表述物理理论和技术的产生与实现;第四,如果第一点到第三点在物理学家中广泛实现,那么当今的科学文化最有可能发生转变;第五,科学范式的转变是可能的。关键词:世界观;塔希德;物理学;[摘要][摘要]我国农业科学技术的发展与发展,是我国农业科学技术发展的重要课题之一。上海,上海,大连,大连,大连,大连,大连,大连,大连,大连,大连,大连,大连,大连,大连,大连,大连,大连。Namun dibalik ragam kebermanfaatan yang telah dihadirkan itu ternyata mengandung问题严重,yakni危机道德和精神。【翻译】:Muncul dan berkembangnya problem tersebut berakar dari世界观Fisikawan yang sekuler, dimana Tuhan dan agama menjadi tidak central dan berpengaruh dalam aktivitas ilmiah(科学活动)。halini berbeda secara ditrtris dengan pandangan hidup伊斯兰yang menjadikan Tuhan sebagai根据dalam pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan。赛兴加伊斯兰教的门加罗米人的近旁的释放,阿伽玛丹伊姆彭格塔环。halini termasuk ilmu fisika yang telah dibuktikan secara fakar oleh para ilmuwan Islam terdahulu。Artinya, pandangan hidup begitu menentukan bagaimana ilmu fisika dikembangkan。Maka dalam artikel ini akan dipaparkan varian persoan terkait世界观yang diyakini dan digunakan oleh para fisian dalam mengembangkan ilmu fisika dan tecknologii, serta bagaimana伊斯兰教的世界观,merespon personan itsebagai sebuah alternatif bagi pengembangan ilmu fisika。伊斯兰教的世界观,jika dipegang secara konsisten oleh ilmuwan Muslim sebagai dasar pengembagan ilmu fisika, maka akan menghadirkan implikasi-implikasi sebagai berikut: Pertama, pergeseran pandangan hidup fisikawan;Kedua,成员:东方学家;Ketiga, mendoong terjadinya perbaikan, penyempurnaan, perumusan ulang teori将在fisika sera bagaimana technology - diprokksi和aktualisinya;Keempat, apabila point perama sampai ketiga teraktualisispa pa fisikawa dengan skala yang luas, maka berpotensi menggeser budaya ilmiah yang ada saat ini;Kelima, menungkinkan terjadinya pergesan范式keilmuan。Kata Kunci:世界观,Tauhid, Ilmu Fisika, Sekuler, Implikasi。
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Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.21111/TSAQAFAH.V15I1.2783
Syamsuddin Arif
Abstract Sunni-Shiite relations have been a perennial problem for Muslims for hundreds of years. Each has its own characteristics, style, character, worldview and belief system. Harmony and tension continue alternately to color the relationship between the two. In the present-day Middle East, Sunni-Shia tensions contribute to multiple flash points that are viewed as growing threats to international peace and security. Many ask, therefore: Is it possible for Sunnis and Shiites to be reconciled or united? Is it possible that the centuries-old conflict is revoked and eliminated? This article tries to answer these crucial questions from theological and historical perspectives, revealing facts that are often overlooked and tracing primary and secondary authoritative sources. It was concluded that the Shiites emerged from within the Muslim community and had freely but persistently used Islamic concepts, terms, and symbols such as imam , Ahlul Bayt, ‘Ashura (the tenth day of Muharram), mut‘ah (temporary marriage), sayyid (master), ayat (sign) for ideological purposes most of which contradict the faith of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama‘ah. Keywords: Shi'ah, Shiism, Sunni-Shia Conflict, Intra-religious Polemic, Sectarianism, Reconciliation Abstrak Hubungan Sunni-Syi‘ah menjadi masalah perenial umat Islam sejak beratus tahun lamanya. Masing-masing mempunyai ciri, corak, karakter, cara pandang dan sistem kepercayaan tersendiri. Kerukunan dan ketegangan silih-berganti mewarnai relasi antara keduanya. Banyak yang bertanya, mungkinkah Sunni dan Syi‘ah dipertemukan atau dipersatukan? Dan mungkinkah konflik yang telah mengakar ratusan tahun lamanya itu bisa dicabut dan dilenyapkan? Artikel ini coba menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan krusial ini dari perspektif teologis maupun historis, dengan menyingkap fakta-fakta yang sering diabaikan dan menelusuri sumber-sumber otoritatif primer serta sekunder. Disimpulkan bahwa Syi‘ah muncul dari dalam umat Islam dan memakai konsep-konsep, istilah-istilah, serta simbol-simbol yang ada di dalam Islam seperti ‘imam’, ‘Ahlul Bayt’, ‘Asyura’, ‘mut‘ah’, ‘sayyid’, ‘ayat’ untuk kepentingan ideologis yang bertolak-belakang dengan akidah Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama‘ah. Kata Kunci: Syiah, Konflik Sunni-Syiah, Polemik Antargolongan, Sektarianisme, Rekonsiliasi.
几百年来,逊尼派和什叶派的关系一直是困扰穆斯林的一个长期问题。每个人都有自己的特点、风格、性格、世界观和信仰体系。和谐与紧张交替地继续为两者之间的关系着色。在当今的中东地区,逊尼派和什叶派之间的紧张关系引发了多个闪点,这些闪点被视为对国际和平与安全日益增长的威胁。因此,许多人会问:逊尼派和什叶派有可能和解或团结吗?几个世纪以来的冲突有可能被撤销和消除吗?本文试图从神学和历史的角度回答这些关键问题,揭示经常被忽视的事实,并追踪主要和次要的权威来源。由此得出的结论是,什叶派从穆斯林社区中涌现出来,为了意识形态的目的,自由而持久地使用伊斯兰的概念、术语和符号,如伊玛目(imam)、阿鲁尔·拜特(Ahlul Bayt)、阿舒拉(Ashura)、穆特(mut’ah)、萨伊德(sayyid)、阿亚特(ayat)等,其中大部分都与Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama’ah的信仰相矛盾。关键词:什叶派,什叶派,逊尼派-什叶派冲突,宗教内论战,宗派主义,和解。胡邦干逊尼派-什叶派menjadi masalah制酒—制酒,制酒,制酒,制酒,制酒。Kerukunan dan ketegangan silih-berganti mewarnai relasi antara keduanya。我是说,我是逊尼派,我是逊尼派,我是逊尼派,我是逊尼派。丹·蒙吉尼卡·康弗利克·杨特拉·蒙吉尼卡·拉图桑·塔洪·拉曼尼娅·丹·蒙吉尼娅坎?Artikel ini coba menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan krusial ini达里语perspektif teologis maupun一历史性,dengan menyingkap fakta-fakta杨泽林diabaikan丹menelusuri sumber-sumber otoritatif底漆舒达sekunder。dispulkan bahwa Syi ' ah muncul - dari dalam umat Islam dan memakai konsep-konsep, istilah-istilah, serta symbol - symbol yang ada di dalam Islam seperti ' imam ', ' Ahlul Bayt ', ' Asyura ', ' mut ' ah ', ' sayyid ', ' ayat ' untuk保持和意识形态yang bertolak-belakan akidah Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama ' ah。Kata Kunci:叙利亚,Konflik逊尼派-叙利亚,Polemik Antargolongan, sectarianme, Rekonsiliasi。
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Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.21111/TSAQAFAH.V15I1.2978
Maimunah Zarkasyi
A bstract In Islam, Tawheed is the primary foundation in getting closer to Allah and thus, every Muslim must have good understanding of it. If the act of worshipping God is not based on right Tawheed, that act will have no value to Allah. According to Sufi masters, the quality of Muslims depends on how well his comprehension of Tawheed is, without which Muslims will never be able to become closer to Allah. Muhammad Nafis al Banjari (born 1150H / 1735) preached his knowledge by teaching the concept of Tawheed in Sufism. This Muslim scholar from South Kalimantan preached by employing bi al-kitEb , through his work known by al-Durr al-Nafis (1200 H). This qualitative study utilizing the method of library research aimed at finding out and analyzing the thoughts of Muhammad Nafis regarding the concept of Tawheed written in his work. Muhammad Nafis taught Tawheed in Sufism, more specifically to believe and know Allah well by using the eyes of the heart ( qalb ). By understanding the concept of Tawheed in Sufism, one can reach the level of ma'rifatullEh , especially to truly know God. Muhammad Nafis’ concept of Tawheed was aimed to straighten people's understanding in Nusantara, more importanly in South Kalimantan, which once was wrong in having thorough understanding of Tawheed. The concept of Tawheed taught in Sufism comprises t auIid al-afE'l, tauIid al-asma 'tauIEd al-SifEt and tauIEd al-DzEt . The highest knowledge of Tawheed will be achieved if someone has reached ‘fanE fE Tauhid’ , while the highest Tawheed itself is fanE fi Allah and baqE bi Allah , the sElik is called ArEf bi AllEh . Muhammad Nafis’ view of the essence of tawheed is similar to the thoughts of prominent Sunni scholars such as al-Junaid, al-Qusyairiy, and al-Ghazali. Within the perspective of right Tawheed, people will achieve the level of ma'rifatullEh after having arrived at such maqEm Keywords: tawheed, Muhammad Nafis, al-Durr al-Nafis, fana, baka '. A bstrak Dalam Islam ilmu tauhid merupakan landasan utama dalam ber- taqarrub kepada Allah, oleh karena setiap muslim harus memahami ilmu tauhid secara benar. Ibadah tanpa dilandasi tauhid yang benar, tidak ada nilainya dihadapan Allah SWT. Menurut ahli tasawuf kualitas seseorang tergantung pemahaman dalam ber-tauhid , tanpa demikian seseorang tidak akan dapat taqarrub kepada Allah secara hakiki. Muhammad Nafis al Banjari (lahir 1150H/1735) mendakwahkan ilmunya dengan mengajarkan konsep tauhid dalam tasawuf. Seorang ulama Kalimantan Selatan ini berdakwah dengan cara bi al-kitEb, melalui karyanya al-Durr al-Nafis (1200 H). Kajian yang bersifat kualitatif dengan metode library research ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa pemikiran Muhammad Nafis mengenai konsep tauhid yang ditulis dalam karyanya itu. Muhammad Nafis mengajarkan ilmu tauhid dalam tasawuf, yaitu meyakini dan mengenal Allah secara hakiki dengan menggunakan matahati ( qalb ). Dengan memahami konsep tauhid dalam tasawuf, seseorang akan dapat mencapai tingkatan
在伊斯兰教中,塔威德是接近安拉的主要基础,因此,每个穆斯林都必须对它有很好的理解。如果崇拜真主的行为不是建立在正确的塔威德之上,那么这种行为对真主来说是没有价值的。根据苏菲派大师的说法,穆斯林的素质取决于他对塔威德的理解程度,没有这些,穆斯林永远无法更接近安拉。穆罕默德·纳菲斯·班贾里(生于公元1150H / 1735年)通过在苏菲主义中教授塔威德的概念来宣扬他的知识。这位来自南加里曼丹的穆斯林学者通过他的作品al-Durr al-Nafis(公元1200年)使用bi al-kitEb布道。这项定性研究利用图书馆研究的方法,旨在找出和分析穆罕默德·Nafis关于他作品中所写的Tawheed概念的思想。穆罕默德·纳菲斯(Muhammad Nafis)在苏菲主义中教导Tawheed,更具体地说,是通过使用心灵的眼睛(qalb)来相信和了解安拉。通过理解苏菲主义的陶威德概念,一个人可以达到神的境界,尤其是真正认识真主。穆罕默德·纳菲斯提出塔威德的概念是为了矫正努沙塔拉,更重要的是南加里曼丹人民对塔威德的认识,这种认识曾经是错误的。苏菲教的陶威德概念包括:陶威德、陶威德、陶威德和陶威德。如果有人达到了“fanE fE Tauhid”,那么最高的Tawheed知识将被实现,而最高的Tawheed本身是fanE fi Allah和baqE bi Allah, sElik被称为ArEf bi AllEh。Muhammad Nafis对tawheed本质的看法与al-Junaid、al- qusyairy和al-Ghazali等著名逊尼派学者的思想相似。在右翼的Tawheed的视角下,人们在到达这样的maqEm后将达到ma' rifatululleh的水平。关键词:Tawheed, Muhammad Nafis, al-Durr al-Nafis, fana, baka '。一个突然出现的“伊斯兰教”将会被称为“伊斯兰教”,“伊斯兰教”将会被称为“真主”,“伊斯兰教”将会被称为“伊斯兰教”。Ibadah tanpa dilandasi tauhid yang benar, tidak ada nilainya dihadapan Allah SWT。我的意思是,我的意思是,我的意思是,我的意思是,我的意思是,我的意思是,我的意思是,我的意思是,我的意思是,我的意思是,我的意思是我的意思。Muhammad Nafis al Banjari (lhir1150h /1735) mendakwahkan ilmunya dengan mengajarkan konsep tauhid dalam tasawufSeorang ulama Kalimantan Selatan ini berdakwah dengan cara bi al-kitEb, melalui karyanya al-Durr al-Nafis (1200 H).加里曼丹(Kalimantan).喀里曼丹(Kalimantan).喀里曼丹(Kalimantan).喀里曼丹(Kalimantan).喀里曼丹(Kalimantan).喀里曼丹(Kalimantan).喀里曼丹(Kalimantan).喀里曼丹(Kalimantan).喀里曼丹(Kalimantan)。穆罕默德·纳菲斯·蒙古纳坎·伊尔穆·塔乌希德·达拉姆·塔萨乌夫,亚图·梅亚吉尼·丹·门纳纳尔·安拉·卡拉·哈吉拉·登甘·蒙古纳坎·玛塔哈蒂(qalb)。邓加罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕罕。穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·穆罕默德·哈吉吉Konsep tauhid dalam tasawuf yang diajarkan itmeliputi, tauid al- afal ' s, tauid al- afal ' s, tauid al- afal ' s, tauid al- afal ' s, tauid al- afal ' s。Ilmu Tauhid tertingi akan dicapapabili sesseorang telah manapi ' fanE Tauhid ' sedangkan punca tauid tertingi adalah fallah和baqE bi Allah, si sElik dinamakan arefbi ali。Pandangan Muhammad Nafis mengenai tauhid yang hakiki ini ada kesamaan dengan pemikiran para ulama-ulama Sunni yang masyhur seperti al- junaid, al qusyairy dan al- ghazali。Apabila telah sampai kepada maqEm itia mendapatkan ma 'rifatullEh, inilah pandangan tauhid yang hakiki。Kata kunci: Tauhid, Muhammad Nafis, al-Durr al-Nafis, fana, baka '。
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