Pub Date : 2021-06-21DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2021.1938502
Shrajal Gupta, Ajai Jain
ABSTRACT Maintenance in a stochastic job shop scheduling environment significantly impacts real-time scheduling problems with the environmental aspect. This simulation research assesses the effect of a reliability-based preventive maintenance approach to system performance for considering job shop scheduling problems with sequence-dependent setup time (SDST). Two types of reliability-based maintenance approaches are considered, i.e., reliability-centered preventive maintenance (RCPM) and a reliability-centered periodic preventive maintenance approach (RCPPM). The shop comprises 10 different machines and six job types. Six scheduling and two energy-oriented performance measures (Pms) are considered for evaluating the system’s performance. Results reveal that lower levels of reliability, namely, 0.74, 0.78, and 0.82 recommended for mean flow time, makespan, average operation energy consumption, average idle energy consumption, and total setups Pms. A 0.74 level of reliability is recommended for mean tardiness and the number of tardy jobs Pms for the RCPM approach. RCPPM approach provides the best system Pms by mean flow time, makespan, mean tardiness, average operation energy consumption, average idle energy consumption, and the number of tardy jobs when maintenance time is 5% of operation time. In contrast, mean setup, and total setups Pms are independent of maintenance time. Both approaches get compared, and its statistical analysis shows that if maintenance time is 15% or more than 15% of the operation time, the RCPM method is recommended. If maintenance time is 10% or less than 10% of the operation time, maintenance planning is recommended using the RCPPM approach. Considering real-time scheduling work with the environmental aspect represents the novelty of the present study.
{"title":"Assessing the Effect of Reliability-Based Maintenance Approach in Job Shop Scheduling with Setup Time and Energy Consideration Using Simulation; A Simulation Study","authors":"Shrajal Gupta, Ajai Jain","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2021.1938502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2021.1938502","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Maintenance in a stochastic job shop scheduling environment significantly impacts real-time scheduling problems with the environmental aspect. This simulation research assesses the effect of a reliability-based preventive maintenance approach to system performance for considering job shop scheduling problems with sequence-dependent setup time (SDST). Two types of reliability-based maintenance approaches are considered, i.e., reliability-centered preventive maintenance (RCPM) and a reliability-centered periodic preventive maintenance approach (RCPPM). The shop comprises 10 different machines and six job types. Six scheduling and two energy-oriented performance measures (Pms) are considered for evaluating the system’s performance. Results reveal that lower levels of reliability, namely, 0.74, 0.78, and 0.82 recommended for mean flow time, makespan, average operation energy consumption, average idle energy consumption, and total setups Pms. A 0.74 level of reliability is recommended for mean tardiness and the number of tardy jobs Pms for the RCPM approach. RCPPM approach provides the best system Pms by mean flow time, makespan, mean tardiness, average operation energy consumption, average idle energy consumption, and the number of tardy jobs when maintenance time is 5% of operation time. In contrast, mean setup, and total setups Pms are independent of maintenance time. Both approaches get compared, and its statistical analysis shows that if maintenance time is 15% or more than 15% of the operation time, the RCPM method is recommended. If maintenance time is 10% or less than 10% of the operation time, maintenance planning is recommended using the RCPPM approach. Considering real-time scheduling work with the environmental aspect represents the novelty of the present study.","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"283 - 304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23080477.2021.1938502","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46536065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-21DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2021.1938503
Nand Jee Kanu, S. Guluwadi, Vivek Pandey, S. Suyambazhahan
ABSTRACT Emissions emanating from gas turbine are important and critical in terms of environmental impact. In general, oxides of nitrogen, total unburned hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and soot particles are the most significant emissions from gas-turbine combustion systems. In order to reduce these emissions, fuels derived from bio-origin are being increasingly used for gas-turbine combustion. Since aviation accounts for more than 5% of anthropogenic emissions, and also due to increasing pressure from governments across the globe for emission reduction, it is important to investigate pathways to reduce aviation-generated emissions. We, therefore, propose the use of Jatropha-based bio-derived synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) blended with aviation turbine fuel (ATF)-Jet A1, and experimentally investigate the emission characteristics within a laboratory-scale gas-turbine combustor from proposed fuel blends. The investigation is done for two different operating conditions: operating condition 1 (OC1) and operating condition 2 (OC2). The influence of emission characteristics of the two biofuel blends, namely BF-II and BF-IV, are analyzed and compared with that of neat ATF-Jet A1. A substantial reduction of 33.5% in THC, 20% in CO, 42% in soot and increase of 40% in NO x and 28.7% in CO2 emissions are evident for BF-II fuel in comparison to ATF with OC1. However, at OC2, these emission reductions are less with increased NO x emissions of 50.2% in comparison to that of ATF. In addition, for the fuel BF-IV, there have been reductions of 57.2% THC, 33.3% CO, 67.1% soot and increase of 49.4% NO x and 43.9% CO2 emissions as compared with ATF at OC1. Also THC, CO, soot, and CO2 emissions are reduced considerably with increased NO x emissions for BF-IV fuel at OC2. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Emission Characteristics on Can-Combustor Using Jatropha Based Bio-derived Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene","authors":"Nand Jee Kanu, S. Guluwadi, Vivek Pandey, S. Suyambazhahan","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2021.1938503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2021.1938503","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Emissions emanating from gas turbine are important and critical in terms of environmental impact. In general, oxides of nitrogen, total unburned hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and soot particles are the most significant emissions from gas-turbine combustion systems. In order to reduce these emissions, fuels derived from bio-origin are being increasingly used for gas-turbine combustion. Since aviation accounts for more than 5% of anthropogenic emissions, and also due to increasing pressure from governments across the globe for emission reduction, it is important to investigate pathways to reduce aviation-generated emissions. We, therefore, propose the use of Jatropha-based bio-derived synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) blended with aviation turbine fuel (ATF)-Jet A1, and experimentally investigate the emission characteristics within a laboratory-scale gas-turbine combustor from proposed fuel blends. The investigation is done for two different operating conditions: operating condition 1 (OC1) and operating condition 2 (OC2). The influence of emission characteristics of the two biofuel blends, namely BF-II and BF-IV, are analyzed and compared with that of neat ATF-Jet A1. A substantial reduction of 33.5% in THC, 20% in CO, 42% in soot and increase of 40% in NO x and 28.7% in CO2 emissions are evident for BF-II fuel in comparison to ATF with OC1. However, at OC2, these emission reductions are less with increased NO x emissions of 50.2% in comparison to that of ATF. In addition, for the fuel BF-IV, there have been reductions of 57.2% THC, 33.3% CO, 67.1% soot and increase of 49.4% NO x and 43.9% CO2 emissions as compared with ATF at OC1. Also THC, CO, soot, and CO2 emissions are reduced considerably with increased NO x emissions for BF-IV fuel at OC2. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"305 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23080477.2021.1938503","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46122986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-10DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2021.1934263
S. #, A. Goel
ABSTRACT Highly selective nickel nanocatalysts were synthesized by modified polyol reduction methods with different surfactants and solvents. These nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The effect of anionic-sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), cationic-N-cetyl- N,N,N trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and neutral surfactant- polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) was studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) technique. Morphology, particles size, and oxidation state of nickel nanoparticles (below 10 nm) were confirmed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and X- ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic techniques, respectively. The study reveals that the particles using ethylene glycol as reductant and PVP as capping agent are smallest (2.4 nm), amorphous, homogeneous and less dispersed. Further, particles with smaller size are used as catalysts in the degradation of acid orange10 dye by hexacyanoferrate(III) ions in aqueous alkaline medium. The particles size show good catalytic activity as compared to nickel precursor salts due to their small size.
{"title":"Nanoscale zero valent nickel: synthesis and spectral studies of interactions with different surfactants and solvents","authors":"S. #, A. Goel","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2021.1934263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2021.1934263","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Highly selective nickel nanocatalysts were synthesized by modified polyol reduction methods with different surfactants and solvents. These nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The effect of anionic-sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), cationic-N-cetyl- N,N,N trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and neutral surfactant- polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) was studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) technique. Morphology, particles size, and oxidation state of nickel nanoparticles (below 10 nm) were confirmed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and X- ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic techniques, respectively. The study reveals that the particles using ethylene glycol as reductant and PVP as capping agent are smallest (2.4 nm), amorphous, homogeneous and less dispersed. Further, particles with smaller size are used as catalysts in the degradation of acid orange10 dye by hexacyanoferrate(III) ions in aqueous alkaline medium. The particles size show good catalytic activity as compared to nickel precursor salts due to their small size.","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"275 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23080477.2021.1934263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41992282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-31DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2021.1932164
Sundaram B. Pandya, H. Jariwala
ABSTRACT Today, along with renewable energy sources such as wind generation units and solar photovoltaic systems, the power grid consists of traditional generating units. An approach for solving single-objective optimal power flow problems with the combination of renewable energy resources (RER-OPF) solar and wind power with conventional coal-based power stations is recommended in the proposed paper. In the proposed work, functions of lognormal and Weibull probability distribution are used, respectively, to forecast solar and wind outcomes. The objective feature includes the underestimation service charge and the standby charge for overestimating unusual non-conventional power generation. The quantitative and comparative results show that Equilibrium optimizer (EO) outperforms compare to Harris Hawks Optimizer (HHO), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Ions Motion Optimizer (IMO) and Success-History based Adaptive Differential Evolution (SHADE), which are all well-known optimization algorithms for solving RER-OPF problem. The EO optimizer provides the optimum value of each objective function and has merits in solving IEEE-30 bus-based RER-OPF problem, according to several evaluation criteria such as best value statistical criterion. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Equilibrium Optimizer: Insights, Balance, Diversity for Renewable Energy Resources Based Optimal Power Flow with Multiple Scenarios","authors":"Sundaram B. Pandya, H. Jariwala","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2021.1932164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2021.1932164","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Today, along with renewable energy sources such as wind generation units and solar photovoltaic systems, the power grid consists of traditional generating units. An approach for solving single-objective optimal power flow problems with the combination of renewable energy resources (RER-OPF) solar and wind power with conventional coal-based power stations is recommended in the proposed paper. In the proposed work, functions of lognormal and Weibull probability distribution are used, respectively, to forecast solar and wind outcomes. The objective feature includes the underestimation service charge and the standby charge for overestimating unusual non-conventional power generation. The quantitative and comparative results show that Equilibrium optimizer (EO) outperforms compare to Harris Hawks Optimizer (HHO), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Ions Motion Optimizer (IMO) and Success-History based Adaptive Differential Evolution (SHADE), which are all well-known optimization algorithms for solving RER-OPF problem. The EO optimizer provides the optimum value of each objective function and has merits in solving IEEE-30 bus-based RER-OPF problem, according to several evaluation criteria such as best value statistical criterion. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"257 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23080477.2021.1932164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43806846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-09DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2021.1921469
Jawad Tahir
ABSTRACT In this article, a stochastic Leontief model with impulses has been studied, which is represented by a system of stochastic differential-algebraic equations, in both sides of the rectangular constant numerical matrices that form a singular pencil. The system has been considered in terms of the current velocity of the solution, which is a direct analog of the physical velocity of deterministic processes. The proposed approach in this work does not impose restrictions on the size and the form of the matrices included in the Leontief-type system. The Kroenke-Weierstrass transformation of the pencil was conducted by the coefficient matrices to the canonical form has been used to simplify the study of equations. This study also involves two methods: Firstly, using a stochastic differential equation, this was followed by using the so-called mean derivatives of Nelson random processes to describe the solutions of this equation. The distinguishing feature of the work proposed an approach based on the convergence of the theoretical results to the exact one. The findings show that explicit formulas for solutions and solvability conditions are obtained, and for a subsystem resolved with respect to the symmetric derivative. The theorem of existence of solutions for the system under consideration has been proved under certain conditions on the coefficients of the system. Conducting computational experiments on the model confirming the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Error, maximum and minimum of the singular values of matrices. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Numerical Study of Stochastic Leontief-Type Model with Impulses","authors":"Jawad Tahir","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2021.1921469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2021.1921469","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article, a stochastic Leontief model with impulses has been studied, which is represented by a system of stochastic differential-algebraic equations, in both sides of the rectangular constant numerical matrices that form a singular pencil. The system has been considered in terms of the current velocity of the solution, which is a direct analog of the physical velocity of deterministic processes. The proposed approach in this work does not impose restrictions on the size and the form of the matrices included in the Leontief-type system. The Kroenke-Weierstrass transformation of the pencil was conducted by the coefficient matrices to the canonical form has been used to simplify the study of equations. This study also involves two methods: Firstly, using a stochastic differential equation, this was followed by using the so-called mean derivatives of Nelson random processes to describe the solutions of this equation. The distinguishing feature of the work proposed an approach based on the convergence of the theoretical results to the exact one. The findings show that explicit formulas for solutions and solvability conditions are obtained, and for a subsystem resolved with respect to the symmetric derivative. The theorem of existence of solutions for the system under consideration has been proved under certain conditions on the coefficients of the system. Conducting computational experiments on the model confirming the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Error, maximum and minimum of the singular values of matrices. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"245 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23080477.2021.1921469","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46699197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-05DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2021.1920142
S. B
ABSTRACT Hybrid renewable energy sources (HRES) integrated with the grid connection is tremendously increasing its importance in the current scenario to meet the huge demand for electrical power. This integration is further decreasing the usage of fossil fuel and reducing the problems related to the environment. HRES such as the photovoltaic (PV) system, wind turbine (WT), and the battery energy storage system (BESS) in grid-connected systems are causing power quality (PQ). To overcome such issues in the HRES system, black widow optimization (BWO) with distributed power flow controller (DPFC) is proposed. DPFC is one among the various custom power devices, which are effectively used to mitigate the PQ issues, such as voltage/current sag, swell, and total harmonic distortions. Fractional order PID controller is designed to drive DPFC whose control parameters are generated with BWO technique. The analysis is compared with various techniques like PI, P&O, GSA, ASO, RFA, EVORFA, and BWO and obtained the best results. The test system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink software. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"BWO Strategy for Power Quality Improvement in HRES Grid-Connected DPFC System","authors":"S. B","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2021.1920142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2021.1920142","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Hybrid renewable energy sources (HRES) integrated with the grid connection is tremendously increasing its importance in the current scenario to meet the huge demand for electrical power. This integration is further decreasing the usage of fossil fuel and reducing the problems related to the environment. HRES such as the photovoltaic (PV) system, wind turbine (WT), and the battery energy storage system (BESS) in grid-connected systems are causing power quality (PQ). To overcome such issues in the HRES system, black widow optimization (BWO) with distributed power flow controller (DPFC) is proposed. DPFC is one among the various custom power devices, which are effectively used to mitigate the PQ issues, such as voltage/current sag, swell, and total harmonic distortions. Fractional order PID controller is designed to drive DPFC whose control parameters are generated with BWO technique. The analysis is compared with various techniques like PI, P&O, GSA, ASO, RFA, EVORFA, and BWO and obtained the best results. The test system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink software. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"226 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23080477.2021.1920142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41961589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-05DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2021.1914967
Pham Van Tat, Tran Thai Hoa, Au Vo Ky, Pham Nu Ngoc Han
ABSTRACT Currently, there are several groups of HIV-1 virus inhibitors that could potentially be used in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Particularly, the phenethylthiazolethiourea compounds are capable of inhibiting HIV-1 RT and have been tested by IC50. This work contributed to the search for SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors; a group of these compounds was developed to obtain SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. The hybrid QSARGA-ANN model with I(5)-HL(9)-O(1) architecture used for developing for HIV-1 inhibitors and it successfully predicted the pIC50 activities of six newly designed compounds. The predicted results of the pIC50 activity received from the QSARGA-ANN model agreed well with the docking simulation. The C-n6 new molecule that has been bound to the SARS-CoV-2 protein receptors (PDB ID: 6LU7) using docking simulation. It demonstrated a more effective activity against HIV-1 (PDB ID: 1ODW). This compound C-n6 exhibited the binding affinity for the HIV-1 protein (1ODW) is −23.6137 kJ.mol-1; for the target protein SARS-CoV-2 (6LU7), its binding affinity is −27.4235 kJ.mol-1. The retrosynthesis plan for the most active substance C-n6 1-(2-chloro-5-hydroxy-4-nitrophenethyl)-3- (thiazol-2-yl) thiourea has been successfully constructed. In this research the designed directions for new substances can generate the SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory drugs in a fast and reliable way. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"NOVEL SARS-CoV-2 INHIBITORS FROM PHENETHYLTHIAZOLETHIOUREA DERIVATIVES USING HYBRID QSAR MODELS AND DOCKING SIMULATION","authors":"Pham Van Tat, Tran Thai Hoa, Au Vo Ky, Pham Nu Ngoc Han","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2021.1914967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2021.1914967","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Currently, there are several groups of HIV-1 virus inhibitors that could potentially be used in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Particularly, the phenethylthiazolethiourea compounds are capable of inhibiting HIV-1 RT and have been tested by IC50. This work contributed to the search for SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors; a group of these compounds was developed to obtain SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. The hybrid QSARGA-ANN model with I(5)-HL(9)-O(1) architecture used for developing for HIV-1 inhibitors and it successfully predicted the pIC50 activities of six newly designed compounds. The predicted results of the pIC50 activity received from the QSARGA-ANN model agreed well with the docking simulation. The C-n6 new molecule that has been bound to the SARS-CoV-2 protein receptors (PDB ID: 6LU7) using docking simulation. It demonstrated a more effective activity against HIV-1 (PDB ID: 1ODW). This compound C-n6 exhibited the binding affinity for the HIV-1 protein (1ODW) is −23.6137 kJ.mol-1; for the target protein SARS-CoV-2 (6LU7), its binding affinity is −27.4235 kJ.mol-1. The retrosynthesis plan for the most active substance C-n6 1-(2-chloro-5-hydroxy-4-nitrophenethyl)-3- (thiazol-2-yl) thiourea has been successfully constructed. In this research the designed directions for new substances can generate the SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory drugs in a fast and reliable way. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"153 ","pages":"165 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23080477.2021.1914967","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41283271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-26DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2021.1920130
Suhaib Ahmad Khan, A. A. Khan, M. Tariq
ABSTRACT The dielectric properties of insulating liquids are very important for their application as insulation and coolant in electrical devices like transformers. It is important to monitor the health condition of transformers for uninterrupted and economical power supply. For this purpose, the simple insulating materials like pressboard and mineral oils are used. This paper presents an eco-friendly alternative to mineral oil in the form of the synthetic ester oil-based nanofluids. This paper aims to present the effect of nanoparticles on the dielectric dissipation factor and electrical resistivity of ester-based oil. In this paper, we are testing synthetic ester oils for DC resistivity and dielectric dissipation factor (Tan-delta) at different temperatures starting from room temperature up to 80°C by incorporating nanoparticles with 0.02 weight% concentration. Nanoparticles used in this study are Fe2O3, TiO2 and Al2O3. Synthetic ester oil is used as the base oil for testing. These oils are manufactured from raw materials that are basically formed by combining acids and alcohols. The heating chamber is used to heat the oil for different temperatures. Insulation resistance (IR) tester and oil dissipation factor meter are used to determine DC resistivity and dielectric dissipation factor (DDF) of simple synthetic ester oil and nano oil respectively. This paper presents the effect of nanoparticles and temperature on dielectric properties of synthetic ester-based oils.
{"title":"Measurement of Tan-delta and DC Resistivity of Synthetic Ester Based Oil Filled with Fe2O3, TiO2 and Al2O3 Nanoparticles","authors":"Suhaib Ahmad Khan, A. A. Khan, M. Tariq","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2021.1920130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2021.1920130","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The dielectric properties of insulating liquids are very important for their application as insulation and coolant in electrical devices like transformers. It is important to monitor the health condition of transformers for uninterrupted and economical power supply. For this purpose, the simple insulating materials like pressboard and mineral oils are used. This paper presents an eco-friendly alternative to mineral oil in the form of the synthetic ester oil-based nanofluids. This paper aims to present the effect of nanoparticles on the dielectric dissipation factor and electrical resistivity of ester-based oil. In this paper, we are testing synthetic ester oils for DC resistivity and dielectric dissipation factor (Tan-delta) at different temperatures starting from room temperature up to 80°C by incorporating nanoparticles with 0.02 weight% concentration. Nanoparticles used in this study are Fe2O3, TiO2 and Al2O3. Synthetic ester oil is used as the base oil for testing. These oils are manufactured from raw materials that are basically formed by combining acids and alcohols. The heating chamber is used to heat the oil for different temperatures. Insulation resistance (IR) tester and oil dissipation factor meter are used to determine DC resistivity and dielectric dissipation factor (DDF) of simple synthetic ester oil and nano oil respectively. This paper presents the effect of nanoparticles and temperature on dielectric properties of synthetic ester-based oils.","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"216 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23080477.2021.1920130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47669438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-20DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2021.1916853
Sundaram B. Pandya, H. Jariwala
ABSTRACT Traditional generating units, as well as renewable energy resources, make up the electrical grid. The proposed article proposes performance indices for optimal power flow, which combine wind turbines, solar photovoltaic systems, and hybrid solar with small hydropower sources. The irregularity of renewable energy sources’ performance adds to the complexity of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem. The analytical strategies also use lognormal, Weibull, and Gumbel probability density functions to approximate the energy yield of those renewables. Also explored is the effect of changing distribution parameters and the penetration of renewable energy resources as a function of optimal power flow. Penalty charges for underestimation and standby charges for overestimation of unusual non-conventional generating units are included in the objective feature. The optimization problem is solved using a non-dominated multi-objective moth flame optimization technique. In terms of achieving diverse and convergent Pareto optimal solutions, the MOMFO optimizer is more efficient and robust than the SMODE/SF and MOEA/D-SF optimizers, according to the simulation outcomes. As a result IEEE-30 bus system, the MOMFO optimizer can be used to tackle the MO-SCOPF issue with the incorporation of wind, solar, hydro, and thermal generators in an integrated multiple-power system. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"A Different Perception of Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources Integrated Multi-objective Optimal Power Flow considering Performance Parameters and Penetration","authors":"Sundaram B. Pandya, H. Jariwala","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2021.1916853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2021.1916853","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Traditional generating units, as well as renewable energy resources, make up the electrical grid. The proposed article proposes performance indices for optimal power flow, which combine wind turbines, solar photovoltaic systems, and hybrid solar with small hydropower sources. The irregularity of renewable energy sources’ performance adds to the complexity of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem. The analytical strategies also use lognormal, Weibull, and Gumbel probability density functions to approximate the energy yield of those renewables. Also explored is the effect of changing distribution parameters and the penetration of renewable energy resources as a function of optimal power flow. Penalty charges for underestimation and standby charges for overestimation of unusual non-conventional generating units are included in the objective feature. The optimization problem is solved using a non-dominated multi-objective moth flame optimization technique. In terms of achieving diverse and convergent Pareto optimal solutions, the MOMFO optimizer is more efficient and robust than the SMODE/SF and MOEA/D-SF optimizers, according to the simulation outcomes. As a result IEEE-30 bus system, the MOMFO optimizer can be used to tackle the MO-SCOPF issue with the incorporation of wind, solar, hydro, and thermal generators in an integrated multiple-power system. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"186 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23080477.2021.1916853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45265367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2021.1898796
R. A. Khudair, A. Albukhuttar, A. N. Alkiffai
ABSTRACT Integral transformation is useful for mathematical calculations, as it turns a complex problem into a simple one. It is easy to separate the properties of a given function from the parent function. After integration has been assigned. In this study, we present a new integral transformation called Shaban transform, which is used to solve ordinary differential equations with trigonometric functions as coefficients of the variable value and its applications in different engineering fields, the decay problems arise in the field of chemistry, physics, biology, social science, zoology. Explanatory properties and examples appear to show the productivity of its suitability in solving differential equations. ABSTRACT
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