Abstract The article discusses a choice of Sumerian proverbs or anecdotes. As the different translations show, their meaning is most often controversial.
摘要本文讨论了苏美尔谚语或轶事的选择。正如不同的翻译所显示的那样，它们的意思往往是有争议的。
{"title":"«A toujours fuir, on fuit son avenir»","authors":"Pascal Attinger","doi":"10.1515/aofo-2019-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article discusses a choice of Sumerian proverbs or anecdotes. As the different translations show, their meaning is most often controversial.","PeriodicalId":53535,"journal":{"name":"Altorientalische Forschungen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/aofo-2019-0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47979878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article presents material, palaeographic, and epistolographic arguments in support of the hypothesis that two epistolary fragments recovered at the site of Raʾs Šamra in 1954—RS 18.286[A] and RS 18.[400]—originally belonged to a single tablet. Similar data suggest that the fragment RS 18.286[B], long thought to belong to the same tablet as RS 18.286[A], cannot in fact be accepted to have originated from this tablet. The reconfiguration of these fragments results in new interpretive possibilities and leads us to believe that the tablet of which RS 18.286[A] and RS 18.[400] comprise two parts originally bore a message from the queen to her son—the only such letter in our possession and hence a potentially important addition to our knowledge of Ugaritic epistolary protocol within the royal family.
{"title":"Two Fragments from a Single Tablet?","authors":"Andrew Burlingame, D. Pardee","doi":"10.1515/aofo-2019-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents material, palaeographic, and epistolographic arguments in support of the hypothesis that two epistolary fragments recovered at the site of Raʾs Šamra in 1954—RS 18.286[A] and RS 18.[400]—originally belonged to a single tablet. Similar data suggest that the fragment RS 18.286[B], long thought to belong to the same tablet as RS 18.286[A], cannot in fact be accepted to have originated from this tablet. The reconfiguration of these fragments results in new interpretive possibilities and leads us to believe that the tablet of which RS 18.286[A] and RS 18.[400] comprise two parts originally bore a message from the queen to her son—the only such letter in our possession and hence a potentially important addition to our knowledge of Ugaritic epistolary protocol within the royal family.","PeriodicalId":53535,"journal":{"name":"Altorientalische Forschungen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/aofo-2019-0013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44110966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper explores the uses of the Sumerian expression ser3-ku3, with a view to clarifying its sense. The paper arises from my study of Babylonian šerkugû, which I argue to have the meaning ‘incantation’ (see fn. 16). This is a loan from Sumerian *ser3-ku3-ga. The form with -ga (arising from the addition of the ‘adjectival a’ to ku3.g ‘holy, pure’) is not currently attested in Sumerian. (I thank Pascal Attinger, pers. comm., for the observation that apparent attestations of ser3-ku3-ga, e.g. in Martu A 58, are in fact locatives in -a). It does however occur in spellings of Babylonian šerkugû (CAD Š/2, 316b). It argues that there are two main uses, ‘incantation’ and ‘hymn’, probably correlating respectively with one-word (‘univerbated’) and two-word incarnations of the expression. This hypothesis finds support in the phrase’s loan and translation into Babylonian.
{"title":"Of Sumerian Songs and Spells","authors":"Martin Worthington","doi":"10.1515/aofo-2019-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper explores the uses of the Sumerian expression ser3-ku3, with a view to clarifying its sense. The paper arises from my study of Babylonian šerkugû, which I argue to have the meaning ‘incantation’ (see fn. 16). This is a loan from Sumerian *ser3-ku3-ga. The form with -ga (arising from the addition of the ‘adjectival a’ to ku3.g ‘holy, pure’) is not currently attested in Sumerian. (I thank Pascal Attinger, pers. comm., for the observation that apparent attestations of ser3-ku3-ga, e.g. in Martu A 58, are in fact locatives in -a). It does however occur in spellings of Babylonian šerkugû (CAD Š/2, 316b). It argues that there are two main uses, ‘incantation’ and ‘hymn’, probably correlating respectively with one-word (‘univerbated’) and two-word incarnations of the expression. This hypothesis finds support in the phrase’s loan and translation into Babylonian.","PeriodicalId":53535,"journal":{"name":"Altorientalische Forschungen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/aofo-2019-0018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41284554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper examines a remarkable variation in the new manuscript of En-metena 1 (RIME 1.9.5.1) kept in the Sulaymaniyah Museum in Iraq: a left-dislocated genitive construction is replaced by a simple genitive construction. Also, the manuscript shortens the text in a number of places. The paper reviews other known examples of text abridgements in royal inscriptions of the 3rd millennium BC and suggests that the composers of these inscriptions used similar techniques to manipulate the texts according to their function and use as the scribes who wrote the Assyrian royal inscriptions of the 1st millennium. The new manuscript provides a rare opportunity to observe a scribe who adapts an already existing text using his linguistic competence.
{"title":"Native-speaker Intuitions about Genitive Constructions in Sumerian","authors":"G. Zólyomi","doi":"10.1515/aofo-2019-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper examines a remarkable variation in the new manuscript of En-metena 1 (RIME 1.9.5.1) kept in the Sulaymaniyah Museum in Iraq: a left-dislocated genitive construction is replaced by a simple genitive construction. Also, the manuscript shortens the text in a number of places. The paper reviews other known examples of text abridgements in royal inscriptions of the 3rd millennium BC and suggests that the composers of these inscriptions used similar techniques to manipulate the texts according to their function and use as the scribes who wrote the Assyrian royal inscriptions of the 1st millennium. The new manuscript provides a rare opportunity to observe a scribe who adapts an already existing text using his linguistic competence.","PeriodicalId":53535,"journal":{"name":"Altorientalische Forschungen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/aofo-2019-0019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47214443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper deals with the methodological issues involved in reconstructing Mesopotamian zoological knowledge, and also with the difficult task of identifying species from the information provided by the cuneiform sources. Through the case study of the animal designated by the sumerogram ur.ki, for which the dictionaries suggest various identifications – dog, badger, or even worm – we explore the Mesopotamian vision of fauna, which already seems to attest to an organized conceptual system elaborated by Mesopotamian scholars concerning their natural environment. We also examine the manipulation of the lexical documentation related to zoological « taxonomy », and lexical matters, which though broadly used, requires extreme caution. ur.ki provides a perfect case study, since it is already attested in the Old Babylonian forerunner to the lexical list ur5.ra = ḫubullu, and remains documented in the later version of this list, but also in some scholarly texts. It allows a chronological survey that aims at retracing the understanding of a sumerogramm and considering the question of the evolution of zoological knowledge in Mesopotamia.
{"title":"Classement et lexique animal dans les sources cunéiformes","authors":"Vérène Chalendar","doi":"10.1515/aofo-2019-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper deals with the methodological issues involved in reconstructing Mesopotamian zoological knowledge, and also with the difficult task of identifying species from the information provided by the cuneiform sources. Through the case study of the animal designated by the sumerogram ur.ki, for which the dictionaries suggest various identifications – dog, badger, or even worm – we explore the Mesopotamian vision of fauna, which already seems to attest to an organized conceptual system elaborated by Mesopotamian scholars concerning their natural environment. We also examine the manipulation of the lexical documentation related to zoological « taxonomy », and lexical matters, which though broadly used, requires extreme caution. ur.ki provides a perfect case study, since it is already attested in the Old Babylonian forerunner to the lexical list ur5.ra = ḫubullu, and remains documented in the later version of this list, but also in some scholarly texts. It allows a chronological survey that aims at retracing the understanding of a sumerogramm and considering the question of the evolution of zoological knowledge in Mesopotamia.","PeriodicalId":53535,"journal":{"name":"Altorientalische Forschungen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/aofo-2019-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45223446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article explores the role of donkeys in ancient Egypt through a lexicographical lens. It presents the terminology used for the animal in religious texts focusing on three case studies. Firstly, the most common word used for donkey aA, which appears in economic, literary and religious texts, will be examined. The second section will look into the entity hiw opening to a world of fantastic beings and hybrid creatures. And finally we will see that the number of signs associated to donkeys multiplied in the Ptolemaic period and are generally connected with the god Seth. With these three short investigations, different facets of the donkey are explored, revealing an animal that can be both an evil being and a threatening tool.
{"title":"Thinking and Writing “Donkey” in Ancient Egypt","authors":"M. Vandenbeusch","doi":"10.1515/aofo-2019-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores the role of donkeys in ancient Egypt through a lexicographical lens. It presents the terminology used for the animal in religious texts focusing on three case studies. Firstly, the most common word used for donkey aA, which appears in economic, literary and religious texts, will be examined. The second section will look into the entity hiw opening to a world of fantastic beings and hybrid creatures. And finally we will see that the number of signs associated to donkeys multiplied in the Ptolemaic period and are generally connected with the god Seth. With these three short investigations, different facets of the donkey are explored, revealing an animal that can be both an evil being and a threatening tool.","PeriodicalId":53535,"journal":{"name":"Altorientalische Forschungen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/aofo-2019-0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45456521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Scholars have debated the meaning of both RS 94.2523 and 94.2530, two letters from Hatti to Ugarit at the end of the Late Bronze Age. Settling the meaning of the Sumerogram pad (Akkadian, kurummatu) as either a reference to metal ingots or a type of food-provision has persistently caused interpretative trouble. The present article reassesses Singer’s arguments for reading pad as metal ingots, and it finds his arguments unsupported by the philological evidence. In addition, this article offers a new observation about famine language in RS 94.2530 that suggests pad does indeed refer to food-provisions in both letters as originally proposed by Lackenbacher/Malbran-Labat.
{"title":"Requests for Food-provisions in RS 94.2523 and RS 94.2530","authors":"Michael C. Lyons","doi":"10.1515/aofo-2019-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Scholars have debated the meaning of both RS 94.2523 and 94.2530, two letters from Hatti to Ugarit at the end of the Late Bronze Age. Settling the meaning of the Sumerogram pad (Akkadian, kurummatu) as either a reference to metal ingots or a type of food-provision has persistently caused interpretative trouble. The present article reassesses Singer’s arguments for reading pad as metal ingots, and it finds his arguments unsupported by the philological evidence. In addition, this article offers a new observation about famine language in RS 94.2530 that suggests pad does indeed refer to food-provisions in both letters as originally proposed by Lackenbacher/Malbran-Labat.","PeriodicalId":53535,"journal":{"name":"Altorientalische Forschungen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/aofo-2019-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42323340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper will focus on the individuals attested to in the 15 texts from Azû, with the objective of sketching the inner chronology of the corpus. The published studies on the Ekalte and Emar generations are also used to establish a chronological link between the three Syrian archives. In addition, data from the administrative apparatus of the city (institutions, professions, scribes) will be gathered for the sake of narrowing down the social and cultural contexts of the three Syrian archives from the Middle Euphrates before the Hittites assumed control of the area.
{"title":"The Dwellers of Azû","authors":"E. Torrecilla","doi":"10.1515/aofo-2019-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper will focus on the individuals attested to in the 15 texts from Azû, with the objective of sketching the inner chronology of the corpus. The published studies on the Ekalte and Emar generations are also used to establish a chronological link between the three Syrian archives. In addition, data from the administrative apparatus of the city (institutions, professions, scribes) will be gathered for the sake of narrowing down the social and cultural contexts of the three Syrian archives from the Middle Euphrates before the Hittites assumed control of the area.","PeriodicalId":53535,"journal":{"name":"Altorientalische Forschungen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/aofo-2019-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48418215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present collection of essays goes back to a mini-conference that was organized in October 2017 at the University of Lausanne. The purpose of the conference was to gather scholars working on animal lexica in various fields of the ancient Mediterranean and Western Asian world in order to compare the nature of their sources, the methodological issues they face, and the strategies they have developed in order to address these issues. Overall, animal lexicography is relevant for the study of ancient societies in three main respects. Firstly, the animal lexicon constitutes a significant area in the study of ancient languages and also raises specific linguistic issues, since animal names (or zoonyms), like the names of plants and minerals, often belong to a fairly specialized lexicon. Secondly, the study and identification of zoonyms is also a key element in reconstructing the cultural history of animals in ancient societies. Thirdly, since animal lexica are cultural constructs, they also have the potential to illuminate larger aspects of the anthropology of these societies, such as the relationship between animals and space, the conceptualization of wild versus domestic, as well as the construal of complex relationships between humans and animals (including the metaphorical use of zoonyms for humans), among others. Animal lexica have been the subject of several previous studies, which have tended to develop in two directions mainly. Especially in the context of the Western Asian world, lexical and semantic research on zoonyms usually involves a broad range of comparative materials, although it often focuses on the philological and linguistic levels and does not necessarily discuss the larger historical and cultural implications of the analysis of zoonyms in ancient societies. On the other hand, several studies have addressed zoonyms within the context of a social, cultural and anthropological history of the ancient world, but have usually focused on one cultural area in particular, mainly Greece and Rome, but also Egypt and Western Asia. An approach which integrates these social, cultural and anthropological aspects of zoonyms within a larger comparative perspective remains largely a scholarly desideratum, and the conference was meant to be a first step in that direction.
{"title":"Introduction: Comparing Animal Lexica in Ancient Cultures","authors":"A. Angelini, Christophe Nihan","doi":"10.1515/aofo-2019-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0005","url":null,"abstract":"The present collection of essays goes back to a mini-conference that was organized in October 2017 at the University of Lausanne. The purpose of the conference was to gather scholars working on animal lexica in various fields of the ancient Mediterranean and Western Asian world in order to compare the nature of their sources, the methodological issues they face, and the strategies they have developed in order to address these issues. Overall, animal lexicography is relevant for the study of ancient societies in three main respects. Firstly, the animal lexicon constitutes a significant area in the study of ancient languages and also raises specific linguistic issues, since animal names (or zoonyms), like the names of plants and minerals, often belong to a fairly specialized lexicon. Secondly, the study and identification of zoonyms is also a key element in reconstructing the cultural history of animals in ancient societies. Thirdly, since animal lexica are cultural constructs, they also have the potential to illuminate larger aspects of the anthropology of these societies, such as the relationship between animals and space, the conceptualization of wild versus domestic, as well as the construal of complex relationships between humans and animals (including the metaphorical use of zoonyms for humans), among others. Animal lexica have been the subject of several previous studies, which have tended to develop in two directions mainly. Especially in the context of the Western Asian world, lexical and semantic research on zoonyms usually involves a broad range of comparative materials, although it often focuses on the philological and linguistic levels and does not necessarily discuss the larger historical and cultural implications of the analysis of zoonyms in ancient societies. On the other hand, several studies have addressed zoonyms within the context of a social, cultural and anthropological history of the ancient world, but have usually focused on one cultural area in particular, mainly Greece and Rome, but also Egypt and Western Asia. An approach which integrates these social, cultural and anthropological aspects of zoonyms within a larger comparative perspective remains largely a scholarly desideratum, and the conference was meant to be a first step in that direction.","PeriodicalId":53535,"journal":{"name":"Altorientalische Forschungen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/aofo-2019-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43103778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：