S. Boudalia, Y. Gueroui, B. Boumaza, A. Bousbia, M. Benada, C. Leksir, E.Y. Mezroua, K.R. Zemmouchi, A. Saoud, M. Chemmam
Abstract For food industry, the production of functional pasta from non-conventional raw materials represents a challenge. This study aims to evaluate the potential of animal proteins of freeze-dried whey as a component for pasta production and its effect on the pasta qualities and consumer acceptance. Sweet whey was freeze-dried, then directly incorporated to pasta at a 20% level. Two pasta types (pasta non-enriched vs. enriched with whey powder) were manufactured following a small-scale pilot procedure, and then evaluated for their physicochemical and sensory qualities. Results of all analyses (whey, semolina and pasta) met the standards according to international legislation; however, the characteristics of enriched pasta differed. Whey addition significantly increased ash, proteins content, optimal cooking time and water uptake (P < 0.05); it significantly decreased moisture levels, colour parameters (CIE system: a* redness, b* yellowness) and the swelling index (P < 0.05). Sensory analysis revealed that overall sensory and product quality of enriched pasta was not affected by whey fortification and it was found acceptable by panelists. This study points out that whey powder could be used for the functional pasta production to increase proteins levels.
{"title":"Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Qualities of Pasta Enriched with Freeze-Dried Sweet Whey","authors":"S. Boudalia, Y. Gueroui, B. Boumaza, A. Bousbia, M. Benada, C. Leksir, E.Y. Mezroua, K.R. Zemmouchi, A. Saoud, M. Chemmam","doi":"10.2478/sab-2020-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2020-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For food industry, the production of functional pasta from non-conventional raw materials represents a challenge. This study aims to evaluate the potential of animal proteins of freeze-dried whey as a component for pasta production and its effect on the pasta qualities and consumer acceptance. Sweet whey was freeze-dried, then directly incorporated to pasta at a 20% level. Two pasta types (pasta non-enriched vs. enriched with whey powder) were manufactured following a small-scale pilot procedure, and then evaluated for their physicochemical and sensory qualities. Results of all analyses (whey, semolina and pasta) met the standards according to international legislation; however, the characteristics of enriched pasta differed. Whey addition significantly increased ash, proteins content, optimal cooking time and water uptake (P < 0.05); it significantly decreased moisture levels, colour parameters (CIE system: a* redness, b* yellowness) and the swelling index (P < 0.05). Sensory analysis revealed that overall sensory and product quality of enriched pasta was not affected by whey fortification and it was found acceptable by panelists. This study points out that whey powder could be used for the functional pasta production to increase proteins levels.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47269680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Mala, K. Lalouckova, P. Hovorková, E. Skřivanová
Abstract Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and their monoesters were tested for their antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. The antimicrobial effect was evaluated at two temperatures (4 °C and 37 °C) using a standardized microdilution method in a 96-well microtitration plate. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of selected MCFAs were determined as the lowest concentration limiting the growth of A. hydrophila in wells compared to a positive control of ≥ 80%. The results indicated that the most effective compound against A. hydrophila was sucrose monocaprate after incubation at 37 °C (0.625 mg ml−1), whereas monocaprylin was the most effective compound after incubation at 4 °C (1.25 mg ml−1). Free MCFAs showed no antibacterial effects towards this bacterium. Low solubility and sensory properties could limit the use of fatty acids in aquatic environment, which should be the subject of further studies.
{"title":"Susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila to Medium-Chain Fatty Acids and their Monoesters","authors":"L. Mala, K. Lalouckova, P. Hovorková, E. Skřivanová","doi":"10.2478/sab-2020-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2020-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and their monoesters were tested for their antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. The antimicrobial effect was evaluated at two temperatures (4 °C and 37 °C) using a standardized microdilution method in a 96-well microtitration plate. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of selected MCFAs were determined as the lowest concentration limiting the growth of A. hydrophila in wells compared to a positive control of ≥ 80%. The results indicated that the most effective compound against A. hydrophila was sucrose monocaprate after incubation at 37 °C (0.625 mg ml−1), whereas monocaprylin was the most effective compound after incubation at 4 °C (1.25 mg ml−1). Free MCFAs showed no antibacterial effects towards this bacterium. Low solubility and sensory properties could limit the use of fatty acids in aquatic environment, which should be the subject of further studies.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68915233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Healthy nutrition requires the intake of all macronutrients and micronutrients in optimal ratio and quantity. Nowadays, many people tend to gluten-free food without health and medical reasons. Many gluten-free products are nutritionally poorer than gluten-containing analogues. Although in many cases gluten-free products are nutritionally rich (either naturally or as a result of fortification), the bioavailability of nutrients is limited. The study focused on the influence of a six-week consumption of gluten-free bread and bakery products on mineral status in thirty healthy people without coeliac disease and the impacts eight weeks after the end of the consumption. Since the recommended daily intake for phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and iron was satisfied at only 84–88% for our volunteers, we consider the increase in the average serum levels of the monitored parameters to be positive (except for calcium). The six-week consumption of gluten-free bakery products had a positive effect on the mineral status of the monitored group of healthy consumers. We found a significant increase in phosphorus (P < 0.001) and magnesium (P < 0.01) levels, a certain increase in iron (P > 0.05), whereas the level of calcium insignificantly lowered (P > 0.05).
{"title":"Effect of Gluten-Free Bakery Products on Serum Levels of Mineral Elements in Healthy Consumers","authors":"M. Gažarová, J. Kopčeková, J. Mrázová, P. Chlebo","doi":"10.2478/sab-2020-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2020-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Healthy nutrition requires the intake of all macronutrients and micronutrients in optimal ratio and quantity. Nowadays, many people tend to gluten-free food without health and medical reasons. Many gluten-free products are nutritionally poorer than gluten-containing analogues. Although in many cases gluten-free products are nutritionally rich (either naturally or as a result of fortification), the bioavailability of nutrients is limited. The study focused on the influence of a six-week consumption of gluten-free bread and bakery products on mineral status in thirty healthy people without coeliac disease and the impacts eight weeks after the end of the consumption. Since the recommended daily intake for phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and iron was satisfied at only 84–88% for our volunteers, we consider the increase in the average serum levels of the monitored parameters to be positive (except for calcium). The six-week consumption of gluten-free bakery products had a positive effect on the mineral status of the monitored group of healthy consumers. We found a significant increase in phosphorus (P < 0.001) and magnesium (P < 0.01) levels, a certain increase in iron (P > 0.05), whereas the level of calcium insignificantly lowered (P > 0.05).","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43297218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The effects of feeding dried sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leaf (SPL) on growth performance, digestibility, and nitrogen (N) utilization were studied in sheep. Twenty-four rams with initial body weight of 18.5 ± 1.49 kg were randomly allocated to four treatments containing ad libitum natural grass hay alone (T1), hay + 150 g SPL (T2), hay + 300 g SPL (T3) and hay + 450 g SPL (T4) on as fed basis. Results indicated that dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) in-takes increased (P < 0.001) with increasing levels of SPL. Sheep fed with T2, T3 and T4 diets gained 55.1, 52.6 and 66.5 g per head per day, respectively, while the gain of non-supplemented sheep (9.19 g per head per day) differed (P < 0.05). Digestibility of DM, OM, and CP was higher (P < 0.01) for all supplemented sheep compared with the control. The CP digestibility and N retention were negative in non-supplemented sheep. Urinary N excretion decreased (P < 0.001) with the increasing levels of SPL supplementation. The N retention improved with the increasing levels of SPL and was the highest (P < 0.001) in sheep fed with T4 diet and the lowest in non-supplemented sheep. In conclusion, supplementing a basal diet of natural grass hay with SPL considerably improved the average daily gain, OM and CP digestibility and N retention.
{"title":"Effect of Sweet Potato Leaf Supplementation on Growth and Nutrient Digestibility in Sheep","authors":"A. Melesse, N. Chalew, A. Nurfeta","doi":"10.2478/sab-2020-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2020-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effects of feeding dried sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leaf (SPL) on growth performance, digestibility, and nitrogen (N) utilization were studied in sheep. Twenty-four rams with initial body weight of 18.5 ± 1.49 kg were randomly allocated to four treatments containing ad libitum natural grass hay alone (T1), hay + 150 g SPL (T2), hay + 300 g SPL (T3) and hay + 450 g SPL (T4) on as fed basis. Results indicated that dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) in-takes increased (P < 0.001) with increasing levels of SPL. Sheep fed with T2, T3 and T4 diets gained 55.1, 52.6 and 66.5 g per head per day, respectively, while the gain of non-supplemented sheep (9.19 g per head per day) differed (P < 0.05). Digestibility of DM, OM, and CP was higher (P < 0.01) for all supplemented sheep compared with the control. The CP digestibility and N retention were negative in non-supplemented sheep. Urinary N excretion decreased (P < 0.001) with the increasing levels of SPL supplementation. The N retention improved with the increasing levels of SPL and was the highest (P < 0.001) in sheep fed with T4 diet and the lowest in non-supplemented sheep. In conclusion, supplementing a basal diet of natural grass hay with SPL considerably improved the average daily gain, OM and CP digestibility and N retention.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45323001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Zablodskiy, A. Zhyltsov, V. Nalyvaiko, V. Trokhaniak, S. Pugalendhi, P. Subramanian
Abstract The wood waste conversion processes in a dry distillation chamber with an executive body based on a multifunctional electromechanical converter were analysed. It was established that under the influence of a low-frequency magnetic field, the properties of moisture evaporating from biomass change, and the evaporation heat decreases. A method for generating negatively charged molecular complexes in the form of water vapour by heating biomass, exposure to the electric and magnetic field, followed by the injection of negatively charged hydroxide ions of water vapour into a solid carbon product at the final stage of the pyrolysis process is proposed. The possibilities of heat recovery of the screw energy technological complex for preheating biomass in a loading device using the thermal energy of the spent heat carrier, the energy dissipative component of the installation’s electromechanical part and the thermal energy utilisation of the produced solid products have been estimated.
{"title":"Biomass Pyrolysis Using a Multifunctional Electromechanical Converter and a Magnetic Field","authors":"M. Zablodskiy, A. Zhyltsov, V. Nalyvaiko, V. Trokhaniak, S. Pugalendhi, P. Subramanian","doi":"10.2478/sab-2020-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2020-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The wood waste conversion processes in a dry distillation chamber with an executive body based on a multifunctional electromechanical converter were analysed. It was established that under the influence of a low-frequency magnetic field, the properties of moisture evaporating from biomass change, and the evaporation heat decreases. A method for generating negatively charged molecular complexes in the form of water vapour by heating biomass, exposure to the electric and magnetic field, followed by the injection of negatively charged hydroxide ions of water vapour into a solid carbon product at the final stage of the pyrolysis process is proposed. The possibilities of heat recovery of the screw energy technological complex for preheating biomass in a loading device using the thermal energy of the spent heat carrier, the energy dissipative component of the installation’s electromechanical part and the thermal energy utilisation of the produced solid products have been estimated.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47442178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Although the issue of urban greenery is a frequently discussed topic and numerous case studies have already documented the beneficial functions of green spaces in the cities, studies on the balance of urban greenery during the past 20th century are few. This research follows up the issue of Prague urban green spaces during the years 1901–2010 and documents the changes in Prague public greenery in that period. The analysis specifies the development of public greenery and characterizes its categories in the individual decades of the 20th century. The percentage of public greenery and its area in hectares are given for each decade. Furthermore, the total green area is confronted with the number of inhabitants then living in Prague. The results have shown a continuous development and expansion of urban greenery. Their application will be beneficial to the city planning for sustainable development and further management of current and future public green areas as a part of the capital’s urban structure.
{"title":"Assessment of Green Spaces Development in Prague During Years 1901–2010","authors":"L. Hladíková, M. Jebavý","doi":"10.2478/sab-2020-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2020-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although the issue of urban greenery is a frequently discussed topic and numerous case studies have already documented the beneficial functions of green spaces in the cities, studies on the balance of urban greenery during the past 20th century are few. This research follows up the issue of Prague urban green spaces during the years 1901–2010 and documents the changes in Prague public greenery in that period. The analysis specifies the development of public greenery and characterizes its categories in the individual decades of the 20th century. The percentage of public greenery and its area in hectares are given for each decade. Furthermore, the total green area is confronted with the number of inhabitants then living in Prague. The results have shown a continuous development and expansion of urban greenery. Their application will be beneficial to the city planning for sustainable development and further management of current and future public green areas as a part of the capital’s urban structure.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43588431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the most common diseases and genetic defects that occur during the lifetime of giant dog breeds, to determine the average lifespan and the cause of death/euthanasia. Data were obtained through a survey and concerned the health of 241 individuals of giant dog breeds held in the Czech Republic. Evaluated items involved an average lifespan, an average lifespan per gender, cause of death, reasons for euthanasia, cause of mortality (especially in selected Mastiff type breeds), life expectancy per breed and incidence of diseases among giant breeds during the lifetime. The average lifespan in giant breed dogs was found to be 7.60 years. A significant difference (P ˂ 0.05) was found between life expectancies in males and females, with female dogs reaching 1.42 year higher age (8.10 years) than males (6.68 years). The most common cause of spontaneous death among giant breeds was gastric dilatation and torsion (28% of dogs) and for euthanasia osteosarcoma (38% of dogs). The cause of mortality especially in selected Mastiff type breeds of dogs was gastric dilatation and torsion (30% of dogs). This is the first broad analytical study concerning this topic published in the Czech Republic.
{"title":"Average Life Expectancy, the Most Common Cause of Death and Illness of Giant Dog Breeds","authors":"N. Šebková, H. Chaloupková, L. Zavadilová","doi":"10.2478/sab-2020-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2020-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the most common diseases and genetic defects that occur during the lifetime of giant dog breeds, to determine the average lifespan and the cause of death/euthanasia. Data were obtained through a survey and concerned the health of 241 individuals of giant dog breeds held in the Czech Republic. Evaluated items involved an average lifespan, an average lifespan per gender, cause of death, reasons for euthanasia, cause of mortality (especially in selected Mastiff type breeds), life expectancy per breed and incidence of diseases among giant breeds during the lifetime. The average lifespan in giant breed dogs was found to be 7.60 years. A significant difference (P ˂ 0.05) was found between life expectancies in males and females, with female dogs reaching 1.42 year higher age (8.10 years) than males (6.68 years). The most common cause of spontaneous death among giant breeds was gastric dilatation and torsion (28% of dogs) and for euthanasia osteosarcoma (38% of dogs). The cause of mortality especially in selected Mastiff type breeds of dogs was gastric dilatation and torsion (30% of dogs). This is the first broad analytical study concerning this topic published in the Czech Republic.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68915176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Identification of the original planting range used and its specific applications in the objects of historical landscape works can significantly help in art monuments reconstruction. Concerning the work of interwar Czech landscape architects, the issue of a perennial flower bed has been intensively studied. By the tree and bush floors, the problem is more complex. The work of Josef Kumpán has mostly been documented by fully preserved planting plans. The present case study on a uniquely discovered specific planting plan of the landscape architect Josef Vaněk provides insight into how bush groups were handled, composed, and what was their specific composition. These documents allow comparing the creative approaches of landscape designers of this era. The study contributes to the reconstruction or maintenance of monument objects created in the interwar period.
{"title":"Case Study: Range of Bush Plantings in Gardens Designed by Landscape Architect Josef Vaněk","authors":"R. Prokeš","doi":"10.2478/sab-2020-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2020-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Identification of the original planting range used and its specific applications in the objects of historical landscape works can significantly help in art monuments reconstruction. Concerning the work of interwar Czech landscape architects, the issue of a perennial flower bed has been intensively studied. By the tree and bush floors, the problem is more complex. The work of Josef Kumpán has mostly been documented by fully preserved planting plans. The present case study on a uniquely discovered specific planting plan of the landscape architect Josef Vaněk provides insight into how bush groups were handled, composed, and what was their specific composition. These documents allow comparing the creative approaches of landscape designers of this era. The study contributes to the reconstruction or maintenance of monument objects created in the interwar period.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46152466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Soil degradation and water erosion are undoubtedly serious global problems. Moreover, excessive surface runoff and the lack of water in landscape are problems encountered not only in the Czech agricultural land. This condition is unsustainable in the long-term and it is necessary to find, verify and quantify suitable agricultural methods for reducing soil degradation. In this study, we tested two soil conservation technologies for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivation. Our results show that erosion was reduced by more than 78% (no-till) and 89% (no-till: narrow row) in rainfall simulation on naturally moist soil compared to conventional cultivation. Also, the use of conservation technologies reduced surface runoff (52% no-till, 68% no-till: narrow row). Sorghum has similar agronomic requirements as maize but it has the advantage of a good dryness tolerance and a high water use efficiency. The two-year research (2014, 2017) took place in the Central Bohemian Region. Soil degradation was verified using a rainfall simulator. The results have shown that both no-till technologies have a significant (P < 0.05) soil conservation effect.
{"title":"Influence of No-Till Technology on Reducing Soil Degradation During Sorghum Cultivation","authors":"D. Kabelka, D. Kincl, J. Vopravil","doi":"10.2478/sab-2020-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2020-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Soil degradation and water erosion are undoubtedly serious global problems. Moreover, excessive surface runoff and the lack of water in landscape are problems encountered not only in the Czech agricultural land. This condition is unsustainable in the long-term and it is necessary to find, verify and quantify suitable agricultural methods for reducing soil degradation. In this study, we tested two soil conservation technologies for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivation. Our results show that erosion was reduced by more than 78% (no-till) and 89% (no-till: narrow row) in rainfall simulation on naturally moist soil compared to conventional cultivation. Also, the use of conservation technologies reduced surface runoff (52% no-till, 68% no-till: narrow row). Sorghum has similar agronomic requirements as maize but it has the advantage of a good dryness tolerance and a high water use efficiency. The two-year research (2014, 2017) took place in the Central Bohemian Region. Soil degradation was verified using a rainfall simulator. The results have shown that both no-till technologies have a significant (P < 0.05) soil conservation effect.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43276908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article examines agro-technical requirements of machine implements with disk working bodies and is aimed to investigate the existing and alternative methods of depth regulation during soil tillage by the mentioned implements. We defined the machines performance indicators significantly affecting the plant potential release not considered previously. The study results were obtained via the soil tilling depth regulation by the disking speed, the change of an incidence angle of the working batteries, and by the use of the additional load mounted on the machine frame. The article presents a two-year research results obtained in 40 different land plots of the Sumy region (Ukraine) using domestic and imported machines, with wheat and buckwheat as crops. To ensure the study accuracy, the methodology was based on the CND 46.16.02.-96. Agricultural Machinery. Quality Indicators Nomenclature (Catalogue of Normative Documents, published in 1997). The research results demonstrate that the tilling depth depends on the manufacturing plant default settings, the speed regime, and the machine load. For the experimental data analysis, the Least Squares Means method was used. The research presents alternative methods of changing the tilling depth applicable for any machine aggregates with disk working bodies, and its results can serve the agricultural machinery designers.
{"title":"Methods of Maintaining Soil Depth Evenness During Disk Tillage","authors":"V. Zubko, T. Khvorost, O. Zamora, V. Onychko","doi":"10.2478/sab-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article examines agro-technical requirements of machine implements with disk working bodies and is aimed to investigate the existing and alternative methods of depth regulation during soil tillage by the mentioned implements. We defined the machines performance indicators significantly affecting the plant potential release not considered previously. The study results were obtained via the soil tilling depth regulation by the disking speed, the change of an incidence angle of the working batteries, and by the use of the additional load mounted on the machine frame. The article presents a two-year research results obtained in 40 different land plots of the Sumy region (Ukraine) using domestic and imported machines, with wheat and buckwheat as crops. To ensure the study accuracy, the methodology was based on the CND 46.16.02.-96. Agricultural Machinery. Quality Indicators Nomenclature (Catalogue of Normative Documents, published in 1997). The research results demonstrate that the tilling depth depends on the manufacturing plant default settings, the speed regime, and the machine load. For the experimental data analysis, the Least Squares Means method was used. The research presents alternative methods of changing the tilling depth applicable for any machine aggregates with disk working bodies, and its results can serve the agricultural machinery designers.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46394520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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