Abstract The control of plant parasitic nematodes is constantly associated with environmental pollution problems which emanates from the ability of synthetic nematicides to bind strongly to different soil types owing to their hydrophilic nature. This research attempted to determine the nematicidal potential of copper, iron and zinc salts complexed with methanolic extract of Enantia chloranta on Meloidogyne incognita infecting groundnut plants on the field. Carbofuran, a synthetic nematicide was used as a reference standard. The experiment was a randomised complete block design which was conducted in two raining seasons (2017 & 2018). Two grams (2 g) of each of the metal salts were reacted with 300 ml of E. chloranta methanolic extract. Good nematicidal activity was displayed by E. chloranta crude extract copper complex (ENCT/CuSO4) close to the value obtained with carbofuran (CBFN), iron and zinc salt complexes (ENCT/FeSO4 and ENCT/ZnSO4) were also significantly (p<0.05) effective. Toxicity of the metal salt complex to M. incognita was dose dependent. Vegetative growth and yield was significantly (p<0.05) higher in plants treated with the highest concentration of the metal complex solution. Significantly lower nematode population was seen at harvest in the roots of treated plants as opposed to the untreated plants. This research has demonstrated that the E. chloranta metal complex is a promising nematicidal substance.
{"title":"Nematicidal Effect of Organic Extract Metal Complex on Meloidogyne incognita Infecting Groundnuts (Arachis hypogea)","authors":"O. Fabiyi, G. Olatunji, I.O. Daodu","doi":"10.2478/sab-2019-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The control of plant parasitic nematodes is constantly associated with environmental pollution problems which emanates from the ability of synthetic nematicides to bind strongly to different soil types owing to their hydrophilic nature. This research attempted to determine the nematicidal potential of copper, iron and zinc salts complexed with methanolic extract of Enantia chloranta on Meloidogyne incognita infecting groundnut plants on the field. Carbofuran, a synthetic nematicide was used as a reference standard. The experiment was a randomised complete block design which was conducted in two raining seasons (2017 & 2018). Two grams (2 g) of each of the metal salts were reacted with 300 ml of E. chloranta methanolic extract. Good nematicidal activity was displayed by E. chloranta crude extract copper complex (ENCT/CuSO4) close to the value obtained with carbofuran (CBFN), iron and zinc salt complexes (ENCT/FeSO4 and ENCT/ZnSO4) were also significantly (p<0.05) effective. Toxicity of the metal salt complex to M. incognita was dose dependent. Vegetative growth and yield was significantly (p<0.05) higher in plants treated with the highest concentration of the metal complex solution. Significantly lower nematode population was seen at harvest in the roots of treated plants as opposed to the untreated plants. This research has demonstrated that the E. chloranta metal complex is a promising nematicidal substance.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":"50 1","pages":"191 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47293916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Homolková, V. Plachý, V. Dvořáček, B. Hučko, Z. Mudřík
Abstract A major part of wheat production is channelized towards animal feed. In the present experiment, we first aimed to determine the relationship of the crude protein (CP) content and the individual fractions (albumin + globulin, gliadin, glutenin) of wheat varieties (with or without the rye translocation 1B/1R) with the digestibility, feed intake, feed conversion, and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of the feed in ROSS 308 chicken broilers. Secondly, we determined the CP content, biological value, net protein utilization, and effect of various fibre components of the same wheat lines in Wistar rats. Seven out of sixteen wheat varieties studied herein included the 1B/1R translocation. Nutritional values were evaluated by the Weende analysis using the Kjeldahl and the Henneberg–Stohmann methods. Moreover, acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre contents, CP digestibility and PER were determined. In broiler chickens, no statistically significant differences were found. In rats, however, the presence of 1B/1R significantly increased the CP content, affecting the nutritional value. This should be considered prior to the indiscriminate use of otherwise undesirable wheat varieties as animal feed.
{"title":"Nutrient Digestibility of Wheat in Rats and Chickens Depending on the Rye 1B/1R Translocation of Wheat Varieties","authors":"D. Homolková, V. Plachý, V. Dvořáček, B. Hučko, Z. Mudřík","doi":"10.2478/sab-2019-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A major part of wheat production is channelized towards animal feed. In the present experiment, we first aimed to determine the relationship of the crude protein (CP) content and the individual fractions (albumin + globulin, gliadin, glutenin) of wheat varieties (with or without the rye translocation 1B/1R) with the digestibility, feed intake, feed conversion, and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of the feed in ROSS 308 chicken broilers. Secondly, we determined the CP content, biological value, net protein utilization, and effect of various fibre components of the same wheat lines in Wistar rats. Seven out of sixteen wheat varieties studied herein included the 1B/1R translocation. Nutritional values were evaluated by the Weende analysis using the Kjeldahl and the Henneberg–Stohmann methods. Moreover, acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre contents, CP digestibility and PER were determined. In broiler chickens, no statistically significant differences were found. In rats, however, the presence of 1B/1R significantly increased the CP content, affecting the nutritional value. This should be considered prior to the indiscriminate use of otherwise undesirable wheat varieties as animal feed.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":"50 1","pages":"176 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43924522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Žinčica is a popular Slovak dairy product made from ewes’ milk. It is a by-product resulting during ewes’ lump cheese processing. Microbiota in Žinčica have rarely been studied, especially enterococci; however, they can produce beneficial substances – bacteriocins. In this study, the presence of Enterocins (Ents) genes were analysed in enterococci from Žinčica and partially also the inhibition activity. Samples of Žinčica were collected from different agrofarms producing ewes’ lump cheese (34) in Central Slovakia. In the enterococci tested, Ent P gene was the most frequently detected (in 6 out of 7 enterococci), followed by Ent A and Ent L50B genes. Ent B gene was detected only in E. faecium 30E1. On the other hand, E. faecalis 31E2 did not contain Ent genes, although it showed inhibition activity against the indicator strains Enterococcus avium EA5, Staphylococcus aureus SA5, Listeria monocytogenes CCM4699 (inhibition zone sizing up to 20 mm). E. faecium 30E1 contained genes of four Ents; however, it showed no inhibition activity. Growth of the four indicators was inhibited due to the antimicrobial activity of E. faecium 32E1 with Ent P gene detection. This is the first study reporting on the occurrence of Ent genes in enterococci from Žinčica.
{"title":"Occurrence of Enterocin Genes in Enterococci from Slovak Milk Product Žinčica","authors":"A. Lauková, V. Strompfová, M. Tomáška, M. Kološta","doi":"10.2478/sab-2019-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Žinčica is a popular Slovak dairy product made from ewes’ milk. It is a by-product resulting during ewes’ lump cheese processing. Microbiota in Žinčica have rarely been studied, especially enterococci; however, they can produce beneficial substances – bacteriocins. In this study, the presence of Enterocins (Ents) genes were analysed in enterococci from Žinčica and partially also the inhibition activity. Samples of Žinčica were collected from different agrofarms producing ewes’ lump cheese (34) in Central Slovakia. In the enterococci tested, Ent P gene was the most frequently detected (in 6 out of 7 enterococci), followed by Ent A and Ent L50B genes. Ent B gene was detected only in E. faecium 30E1. On the other hand, E. faecalis 31E2 did not contain Ent genes, although it showed inhibition activity against the indicator strains Enterococcus avium EA5, Staphylococcus aureus SA5, Listeria monocytogenes CCM4699 (inhibition zone sizing up to 20 mm). E. faecium 30E1 contained genes of four Ents; however, it showed no inhibition activity. Growth of the four indicators was inhibited due to the antimicrobial activity of E. faecium 32E1 with Ent P gene detection. This is the first study reporting on the occurrence of Ent genes in enterococci from Žinčica.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":"50 1","pages":"197 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45119398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The elevation of arsenic (As) content in soils is of considerable concern with respect to its uptake by plant and subsequent entry into wildlife and human food chains. The treatment of sorghum seedlings with As as NaH2As4O. 7H2O at various concentrations (A1 = 0, A2 = 20, A3 = 40 and A4 = 60 mg As kg−1 soil) and salinity at four different levels (S1 = 0, S2 = 3, S3 = 6 and S3 = 9 dS m−1) reduced fresh and dry weights of sorghum plants. The co-application of As and salinity increased the guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity in shoot and root tissues. The highest GPX activity in shoot and root tissues was obtained at S2A4 and S3A3 treatments, respectively. The activity of catalase (CAT) in shoot was not changed, but unlike the GPX activity, salinity and As decreased the CAT activity in root tissues. Concerning the photosynthesis pigments, salinity had no effect on the chlorophyll ‘a’, chlorophyll ‘b’ and carotenoid content in leaves, but the As treatment significantly decreased the content of both chlorophyll types. Salinity increased the anthocyanin content in leaves. There were negative correlation between soluble carbohydrates (r2 = −0.78**) and stomata conductance (r2 = −0.45**) and dry weight of the plant biomass in this study. By increasing the salinity and As concentration in root medium, soluble carbohydrate in leaves increased but salinity decreased the leaf stomata conductance.
土壤中砷(As)含量的升高与植物对其的吸收以及随后进入野生动物和人类食物链有关。As As NaH2As4O对高粱幼苗的处理。不同浓度的水(A1 = 0, A2 = 20, A3 = 40和A4 = 60 mg As kg - 1土壤)和4种不同盐度(S1 = 0, S2 = 3, S3 = 6和S3 = 9 dS m - 1)降低了高粱植株的鲜重和干重。砷和盐的共同施用提高了愈创木酚过氧化物酶(GPX)在茎和根组织中的活性。茎部和根组织GPX活性分别以S2A4和S3A3处理最高。茎部过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性没有变化，但与GPX活性不同，盐和砷降低了根组织过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。在光合色素方面，盐度对叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量没有影响，但砷处理显著降低了这两种叶绿素含量。盐度增加了叶片中花青素的含量。可溶性碳水化合物(r2 = - 0.78**)与气孔导度(r2 = - 0.45**)与植物生物量干重呈负相关。随着根培养基盐度和砷浓度的增加，叶片中可溶性碳水化合物含量增加，但叶片气孔导度降低。
{"title":"Arsenic Application Changed Growth, Photo-Synthetic Pigments and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Under Salinity Stress","authors":"B. Talebi, M. Heidari, H. Ghorbani","doi":"10.2478/sab-2019-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The elevation of arsenic (As) content in soils is of considerable concern with respect to its uptake by plant and subsequent entry into wildlife and human food chains. The treatment of sorghum seedlings with As as NaH2As4O. 7H2O at various concentrations (A1 = 0, A2 = 20, A3 = 40 and A4 = 60 mg As kg−1 soil) and salinity at four different levels (S1 = 0, S2 = 3, S3 = 6 and S3 = 9 dS m−1) reduced fresh and dry weights of sorghum plants. The co-application of As and salinity increased the guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity in shoot and root tissues. The highest GPX activity in shoot and root tissues was obtained at S2A4 and S3A3 treatments, respectively. The activity of catalase (CAT) in shoot was not changed, but unlike the GPX activity, salinity and As decreased the CAT activity in root tissues. Concerning the photosynthesis pigments, salinity had no effect on the chlorophyll ‘a’, chlorophyll ‘b’ and carotenoid content in leaves, but the As treatment significantly decreased the content of both chlorophyll types. Salinity increased the anthocyanin content in leaves. There were negative correlation between soluble carbohydrates (r2 = −0.78**) and stomata conductance (r2 = −0.45**) and dry weight of the plant biomass in this study. By increasing the salinity and As concentration in root medium, soluble carbohydrate in leaves increased but salinity decreased the leaf stomata conductance.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":"50 1","pages":"155 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45253830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Novotná, M. Ptáček, M. Fantová, L. Nohejlová, L. Stádník, M. Okrouhlá, Z. Peták
Abstract The impact of different amounts of concentrate and stage of lactation on fatty acid profile in milk fat was measured in 30 lactating Nubian goats. The ration included medium-quality hay, grazed pasture and concentrate feed (mashed barley, oats and beet pulp at 1:1:1 wet weight ratios). Half of the goats (group A) received 1.2 kg whereas group B received 1.0 kg of concentrate daily. Milk samples were taken 3 times during lactation. The total amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFA) increased gradually during lactation while polyunsaturated (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) decreased. Group A had lower SFA but higher concentrations of MUFAs and PUFAs at all 3 samplings. Nubian goats fed more concentrate had FA ratios presumably more suitable for consumers of milk and milk products.
{"title":"Impact of Concentrate Level and Stage of Lactation on Fatty Acid Composition in Goat Milk","authors":"K. Novotná, M. Ptáček, M. Fantová, L. Nohejlová, L. Stádník, M. Okrouhlá, Z. Peták","doi":"10.2478/sab-2019-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The impact of different amounts of concentrate and stage of lactation on fatty acid profile in milk fat was measured in 30 lactating Nubian goats. The ration included medium-quality hay, grazed pasture and concentrate feed (mashed barley, oats and beet pulp at 1:1:1 wet weight ratios). Half of the goats (group A) received 1.2 kg whereas group B received 1.0 kg of concentrate daily. Milk samples were taken 3 times during lactation. The total amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFA) increased gradually during lactation while polyunsaturated (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) decreased. Group A had lower SFA but higher concentrations of MUFAs and PUFAs at all 3 samplings. Nubian goats fed more concentrate had FA ratios presumably more suitable for consumers of milk and milk products.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":"50 1","pages":"171 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45559868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Kamencové Lake (also called Alum Lake) located in Chomutov (North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin, Czech Republic) is a worldwide unique for its lake water chemical composition (K Al (SO4)2 12 H2O) that naturally prevents algae growth. The region used to be a centre of heavy industry based on brown coal burning, with a crucial impact on the environment (especially acid rain) in 1980s. This fact was considered the key aspect influencing the lake water quality deterioration in the past, besides the growing popularity of the area for recreational purposes (increased risk of eutrophication) and the significant changes in the lake maintenance (increased risk of eutrophication, excessive bottom sedimentation). Due to the real threat of gradual losing the lake water unique characteristics, scientifically-based systematic measures reducing the potential risk of eutrophication need to be implemented. The present study builds on the results of previous surveys by Geofyzika Brno, Povodí Ohře, s.p. or Hydroprojekt Praha. Its aim is to assess the potential risk of eutrophication in Alum Lake and to propose remedial measures.
{"title":"Impact of External Conditions on Water Quality of Kamencové (Alum) Lake in Chomuto v and Proposal of Revitalizing Measures","authors":"A. Jelínková, D. Fedorova","doi":"10.2478/sab-2019-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Kamencové Lake (also called Alum Lake) located in Chomutov (North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin, Czech Republic) is a worldwide unique for its lake water chemical composition (K Al (SO4)2 12 H2O) that naturally prevents algae growth. The region used to be a centre of heavy industry based on brown coal burning, with a crucial impact on the environment (especially acid rain) in 1980s. This fact was considered the key aspect influencing the lake water quality deterioration in the past, besides the growing popularity of the area for recreational purposes (increased risk of eutrophication) and the significant changes in the lake maintenance (increased risk of eutrophication, excessive bottom sedimentation). Due to the real threat of gradual losing the lake water unique characteristics, scientifically-based systematic measures reducing the potential risk of eutrophication need to be implemented. The present study builds on the results of previous surveys by Geofyzika Brno, Povodí Ohře, s.p. or Hydroprojekt Praha. Its aim is to assess the potential risk of eutrophication in Alum Lake and to propose remedial measures.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":"50 1","pages":"110 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45492685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The objective of our experiment was to evaluate the impact of teat length on milk yield, actual milking time (AMT), milk conductivity (MC), somatic cell count (SCC) and mastitis incidence during lactation. The effect of teat length was evaluated as the occurrence of non-ideal teats (NIT; shorter than 40 mm or longer than 60 mm) at udder level and as the average length of teats on udder (ALTU). The experiment was conducted on 59 dairy cows of Holstein breed. SAS 9.3 was used for statistical calculation. There were great variances in teat length (22–96 mm) and in the rear/front teat ratio (0.8). Only 33% of the tested cows had optimal length of all teats. No evidence for a negative impact of NIT on udder health was found. ALTU showed a statistically significant effect on AMT and SCC (P < 0.05). Cows in the group of udders with short teats showed the worst results for SCC (P < 0.05) and MC. Udders with short teats showed the fastest AMT (6.78 min; P < 0.05) compared to udders with medium and long teats (7.36 min; P < 0.05 and 7.55 min; P < 0.05, respectively). Our results show that while using an udder friendly milking system, the effect of teat length on udder health could be negligible.
{"title":"Impact of a Wide Range of Teat Lengths on Udder Healt h and Milking Time in Holstein Cows","authors":"M. Gašparík, J. Ducháček, L. Stádník, V. Tančin","doi":"10.2478/sab-2019-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of our experiment was to evaluate the impact of teat length on milk yield, actual milking time (AMT), milk conductivity (MC), somatic cell count (SCC) and mastitis incidence during lactation. The effect of teat length was evaluated as the occurrence of non-ideal teats (NIT; shorter than 40 mm or longer than 60 mm) at udder level and as the average length of teats on udder (ALTU). The experiment was conducted on 59 dairy cows of Holstein breed. SAS 9.3 was used for statistical calculation. There were great variances in teat length (22–96 mm) and in the rear/front teat ratio (0.8). Only 33% of the tested cows had optimal length of all teats. No evidence for a negative impact of NIT on udder health was found. ALTU showed a statistically significant effect on AMT and SCC (P < 0.05). Cows in the group of udders with short teats showed the worst results for SCC (P < 0.05) and MC. Udders with short teats showed the fastest AMT (6.78 min; P < 0.05) compared to udders with medium and long teats (7.36 min; P < 0.05 and 7.55 min; P < 0.05, respectively). Our results show that while using an udder friendly milking system, the effect of teat length on udder health could be negligible.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":"50 1","pages":"80 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49189074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Kolbábek, P. Maxová, L. Kouřimská, D. Lukešová, R. Kotrba
Abstract Small animal producers in Europe can financially benefit if they sell not only carcasses or dissected cuts, but also processed meat and edible offal in value added products such as traditional and popular pâté. In particular, when introducing a new exotic species like eland (Taurotragus oryx) to the market, the sale of low valued cuts with higher collagen content is problematic. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the sensory traits of several pâtés made from liver and less valuable fresh or frozen meat cuts (neck, brisket and plate) of eland and cattle. Four batches of pâté made from fresh and frozen material (45 and 90 days) were tested by 35 panellists using sensory profiling method with 14 descriptors. Two pâté batches consisted of chicken liver and beef or eland meat. Another two were made from eland or beef liver together with eland meat. Pâté made from fresh material, including chicken or eland or beef liver, together with eland meat or beef showed the main differences in textural characteristics such as friability, overall texture being better scored for pâté which includes chicken liver. Chicken liver also resulted in a higher intensity of colour. Freezing of material (meat and liver) before processing into pâté resulted in worse scoring of the final product. Chicken liver batches scored better in sensory traits of overall appearance, pleasantness of taste, colour and intensity of colour, colour hue and textural friability, overall texture and of pleasantness of consistency. Pâté made from chicken liver from frozen material also had lower off-flavour. This pilot study showed that pâté from fresh eland meat and chicken liver scored the best in most of the sensory traits. Freezing and storing meat and liver before processing resulted in worse scores, especially in olfactory, visual and textural traits. The use of chicken liver instead of eland or beef liver to process pâté improves sensory traits.
{"title":"Sensory Evaluation of Liver/Meat Pâté Made from Fresh or Frozen Eland Meat and Beef","authors":"P. Kolbábek, P. Maxová, L. Kouřimská, D. Lukešová, R. Kotrba","doi":"10.2478/sab-2019-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Small animal producers in Europe can financially benefit if they sell not only carcasses or dissected cuts, but also processed meat and edible offal in value added products such as traditional and popular pâté. In particular, when introducing a new exotic species like eland (Taurotragus oryx) to the market, the sale of low valued cuts with higher collagen content is problematic. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the sensory traits of several pâtés made from liver and less valuable fresh or frozen meat cuts (neck, brisket and plate) of eland and cattle. Four batches of pâté made from fresh and frozen material (45 and 90 days) were tested by 35 panellists using sensory profiling method with 14 descriptors. Two pâté batches consisted of chicken liver and beef or eland meat. Another two were made from eland or beef liver together with eland meat. Pâté made from fresh material, including chicken or eland or beef liver, together with eland meat or beef showed the main differences in textural characteristics such as friability, overall texture being better scored for pâté which includes chicken liver. Chicken liver also resulted in a higher intensity of colour. Freezing of material (meat and liver) before processing into pâté resulted in worse scoring of the final product. Chicken liver batches scored better in sensory traits of overall appearance, pleasantness of taste, colour and intensity of colour, colour hue and textural friability, overall texture and of pleasantness of consistency. Pâté made from chicken liver from frozen material also had lower off-flavour. This pilot study showed that pâté from fresh eland meat and chicken liver scored the best in most of the sensory traits. Freezing and storing meat and liver before processing resulted in worse scores, especially in olfactory, visual and textural traits. The use of chicken liver instead of eland or beef liver to process pâté improves sensory traits.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":"50 1","pages":"71 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48434198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Dovzhyk, B. Tatyanchenko, A. -SOLAROV, J. Sirenko, H. Roubík
Abstract The issue of designing the machine tractor movement trajectory is relevant today because its optimization significantly reduces fuel consumption and thus the transport costs. Proper choice of the energy machine and agricultural machinery with economy consumption of fuel and lubricants is also crucial. Recently, the problem has received scant attention in scientific literature. Therefore, this study analytically determines the trajectory of turning the tractor with front steering wheels and attempts to describe the curvilinear trajectory of a four-wheeled tractor using parametric equations in Cartesian coordinates. Its outcomes have a number of important implications for future practice; they are applicable e.g. in planning curved trajectories when cornering the tractor during field processing or in fuel and time consumption predictions for certain operations.
{"title":"Determination of the Trajectory of Curvilinear Motion of Front Steering Wheels Driven Tractor","authors":"M. Dovzhyk, B. Tatyanchenko, A. -SOLAROV, J. Sirenko, H. Roubík","doi":"10.2478/sab-2019-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The issue of designing the machine tractor movement trajectory is relevant today because its optimization significantly reduces fuel consumption and thus the transport costs. Proper choice of the energy machine and agricultural machinery with economy consumption of fuel and lubricants is also crucial. Recently, the problem has received scant attention in scientific literature. Therefore, this study analytically determines the trajectory of turning the tractor with front steering wheels and attempts to describe the curvilinear trajectory of a four-wheeled tractor using parametric equations in Cartesian coordinates. Its outcomes have a number of important implications for future practice; they are applicable e.g. in planning curved trajectories when cornering the tractor during field processing or in fuel and time consumption predictions for certain operations.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":"50 1","pages":"127 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46102867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. B. Izuogu, T. Olajide, E. Eifediyi, C. M. Olajide
Abstract Screenhouse and field trials were conducted at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria in 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effect of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on the nodulation of five varieties of cowpea (IT89KD-288, IT82D-994, IT93K-452-1, T89K-391 and TT97 568-18). Half of the experimental plants were inoculated with Meloidogyne incognita eggs (n = 1500) while the remaining half served as uninoculated control plants. Data on growth and yield of cowpea, root gall, nodulation, and nematodes population densities in nodules were collected. Other parameters assessed included colour of dissected infected and uninfected nodules, texture of the nodules and varietal performance of the cowpeas. The results of both screenhouse and field trials were consistent in yield and visual observations of texture and colour. The yield of nematode-free varieties was significantly higher than that of M. incognita-infected ones. Infected nodules were dark brown in colour while the healthy ones were pink. For the field trials, nodulation counts in nematode inoculated plants were inversely proportional to the number of galls in their uninoculated counterparts in some varieties. Of all varieties, IT89KD-288 was most resistant to M. incognita. Due to high cost involved in the management of nematodes, especially with synthetic chemicals, variety IT89KD-288 is recommended for use in nematode endemic areas in Nigeria. Further study needs to be done on the histopathology of the infected and uninfected roots and nodules of these cowpea varieties.
{"title":"Effect of Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on the Nodulation of Some Varieties of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)","authors":"N. B. Izuogu, T. Olajide, E. Eifediyi, C. M. Olajide","doi":"10.2478/sab-2019-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Screenhouse and field trials were conducted at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria in 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effect of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on the nodulation of five varieties of cowpea (IT89KD-288, IT82D-994, IT93K-452-1, T89K-391 and TT97 568-18). Half of the experimental plants were inoculated with Meloidogyne incognita eggs (n = 1500) while the remaining half served as uninoculated control plants. Data on growth and yield of cowpea, root gall, nodulation, and nematodes population densities in nodules were collected. Other parameters assessed included colour of dissected infected and uninfected nodules, texture of the nodules and varietal performance of the cowpeas. The results of both screenhouse and field trials were consistent in yield and visual observations of texture and colour. The yield of nematode-free varieties was significantly higher than that of M. incognita-infected ones. Infected nodules were dark brown in colour while the healthy ones were pink. For the field trials, nodulation counts in nematode inoculated plants were inversely proportional to the number of galls in their uninoculated counterparts in some varieties. Of all varieties, IT89KD-288 was most resistant to M. incognita. Due to high cost involved in the management of nematodes, especially with synthetic chemicals, variety IT89KD-288 is recommended for use in nematode endemic areas in Nigeria. Further study needs to be done on the histopathology of the infected and uninfected roots and nodules of these cowpea varieties.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":"50 1","pages":"104 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44283586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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