Abstract In this mini-review we present insight to the non-nuclear transposable elements and in silico analysis of miniature inverted transposable elements (MITEs) in the grapevine mitochondrial genome. Here we report the identification of 17 truncated sequences in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) mitochondrial genome which expectedly belongs to the four ancient transposon families (hAT, Tc1Mariner, Mutator and PIF/Harbinger). Some sequences with a high rate of homology in chloroplast and nuclear genomes were also identified. Thus, it suggests the intercellular gene transfer between these three organelles. These partial sequences showed a high level of similitude with full MITE sequences, and they were found in their inner region, supporting their MITE origin. Further analysis revealed these sequences in other life kingdoms (including eubacteria and archaea), which indicates their ancient origin. Further research showed that 13 out of the 17 sequences are conserved domains of the genes where they are located, suggesting their contribution to gene evolution. Therefore, we suppose that more studies of nature, origin and functional meaning of these sequences and their fusion with genes are necessary. In the light of our observations it will be useful for further studies of V. vinifera genome organizing and systematics, as well as for other species.
{"title":"Truncated Non-Nuclear Transposable Elements in Grapevine: A Mini Review","authors":"A. Milovanov, J. Tello, U. Anhalt, A. Forneck","doi":"10.2478/sab-2019-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this mini-review we present insight to the non-nuclear transposable elements and in silico analysis of miniature inverted transposable elements (MITEs) in the grapevine mitochondrial genome. Here we report the identification of 17 truncated sequences in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) mitochondrial genome which expectedly belongs to the four ancient transposon families (hAT, Tc1Mariner, Mutator and PIF/Harbinger). Some sequences with a high rate of homology in chloroplast and nuclear genomes were also identified. Thus, it suggests the intercellular gene transfer between these three organelles. These partial sequences showed a high level of similitude with full MITE sequences, and they were found in their inner region, supporting their MITE origin. Further analysis revealed these sequences in other life kingdoms (including eubacteria and archaea), which indicates their ancient origin. Further research showed that 13 out of the 17 sequences are conserved domains of the genes where they are located, suggesting their contribution to gene evolution. Therefore, we suppose that more studies of nature, origin and functional meaning of these sequences and their fusion with genes are necessary. In the light of our observations it will be useful for further studies of V. vinifera genome organizing and systematics, as well as for other species.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42127598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The technology of grain corn production has recently been continuously changing due to spreading of insecticidal in-crop treatments in Europe. The aim of these interventions is to prevent damage caused by serious lepidopterous pests in maize. We carried out in-maize field experiments using two different active ingredients of insecticides in four consecutive years (2014–2017). A field experiment was conducted to compare the effect of applications of rynaxypyr (ANT) and rynaxypyr + lambda-cyhalothrin (PYR) on the canopy-dwelling arthropod community in commercial maize grain acreage. The effects of both ANT and PYR treatments against Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lep.: Crambidae) were tested through four-year field experiments. The quantitative and qualitative assemblages of the perished arthropods and diversity alterations measured by canopy netting and grounded tarpaulins greatly differed in the different insecticide treatments. A significant number of dead arthropods was recorded after PYR treatment. Populations of other natural enemies (Coccinellidae, Chrysopidae, etc.) and endangered species (Calomobius filum, Rossi) were also negatively affected. The arthropod community of the examined maize plots was drastically altered by sprayings, which, among other factors, may account for the mass appearance of the other non-target pest organisms (Aphidae: Rhopalosiphum spp., Miridae: Trygonotylus spp.).
{"title":"Canopy-Dwelling Arthropod Response to Rynaxypyr and Lambda-Cyhalothrin Treatments in Maize","authors":"S. Keszthelyi, Z. Pónya","doi":"10.2478/sab-2019-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The technology of grain corn production has recently been continuously changing due to spreading of insecticidal in-crop treatments in Europe. The aim of these interventions is to prevent damage caused by serious lepidopterous pests in maize. We carried out in-maize field experiments using two different active ingredients of insecticides in four consecutive years (2014–2017). A field experiment was conducted to compare the effect of applications of rynaxypyr (ANT) and rynaxypyr + lambda-cyhalothrin (PYR) on the canopy-dwelling arthropod community in commercial maize grain acreage. The effects of both ANT and PYR treatments against Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lep.: Crambidae) were tested through four-year field experiments. The quantitative and qualitative assemblages of the perished arthropods and diversity alterations measured by canopy netting and grounded tarpaulins greatly differed in the different insecticide treatments. A significant number of dead arthropods was recorded after PYR treatment. Populations of other natural enemies (Coccinellidae, Chrysopidae, etc.) and endangered species (Calomobius filum, Rossi) were also negatively affected. The arthropod community of the examined maize plots was drastically altered by sprayings, which, among other factors, may account for the mass appearance of the other non-target pest organisms (Aphidae: Rhopalosiphum spp., Miridae: Trygonotylus spp.).","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47548129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Heidari, N. Amirfazli, H. Ghorbani, F. Zafarian
Abstract Water deficit or drought stress is one of the most significant abiotic stresses that induce reduction in plant growth and crops yield. Calcium chloride has been shown to ameliorate the adverse effects of drought stress on many plants. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of calcium chloride in drought resistance and its effect on some physiological characteristics in sesame. Calcium is essential for good growth and structure of plants. In sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), the foliar application of calcium chloride (C1=0 (control), C2=5, C3=10 and C4=15 mM concentration) significantly affected on grain yield under drought stress (W1= 7 (control, no drought stress-plants irrigation at a 7-day interval), W2= 12 (severe drought and plants irrigation at a 12- day interval) and W3= 17 (the most severe drought and plants irrigation at a 17-day interval). Drought stress reduced grain yield and 1000 seed weight, but these were enhanced by foliar application of calcium chloride when drought levels increased from W1 to W3. Although the increasing calcium chloride concentration reduced the content of photosynthesis pigments in leaves, the drought treatment until W2 increased the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll “a” and carotenoids) in leaves. The foliar application of calcium chloride increased the seed weight in plant, the number of capsules per plant, plant height, and the concentration of potassium and phosphorus in leaves and seeds. The greatest amount of potassium in leaves and seeds were measured under the W1C3 treatment. Sesame plants under W3C3 and W2C3 had the highest amount of phosphorus in leaves and seeds, respectively. Overall, although drought stress reduced the growth and grain yield in sesame, the foliar application of calcium chloride at the concentration of 10 mM, prevented the drought-stressed sesame plants from damage by improving their physiological parameters.
{"title":"Calcium Chloride and Drought Stress Changed Grain Yield and Physiological Traits in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)","authors":"M. Heidari, N. Amirfazli, H. Ghorbani, F. Zafarian","doi":"10.2478/sab-2019-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Water deficit or drought stress is one of the most significant abiotic stresses that induce reduction in plant growth and crops yield. Calcium chloride has been shown to ameliorate the adverse effects of drought stress on many plants. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of calcium chloride in drought resistance and its effect on some physiological characteristics in sesame. Calcium is essential for good growth and structure of plants. In sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), the foliar application of calcium chloride (C1=0 (control), C2=5, C3=10 and C4=15 mM concentration) significantly affected on grain yield under drought stress (W1= 7 (control, no drought stress-plants irrigation at a 7-day interval), W2= 12 (severe drought and plants irrigation at a 12- day interval) and W3= 17 (the most severe drought and plants irrigation at a 17-day interval). Drought stress reduced grain yield and 1000 seed weight, but these were enhanced by foliar application of calcium chloride when drought levels increased from W1 to W3. Although the increasing calcium chloride concentration reduced the content of photosynthesis pigments in leaves, the drought treatment until W2 increased the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll “a” and carotenoids) in leaves. The foliar application of calcium chloride increased the seed weight in plant, the number of capsules per plant, plant height, and the concentration of potassium and phosphorus in leaves and seeds. The greatest amount of potassium in leaves and seeds were measured under the W1C3 treatment. Sesame plants under W3C3 and W2C3 had the highest amount of phosphorus in leaves and seeds, respectively. Overall, although drought stress reduced the growth and grain yield in sesame, the foliar application of calcium chloride at the concentration of 10 mM, prevented the drought-stressed sesame plants from damage by improving their physiological parameters.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44656234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Kurajdová, J. Táborecká-Petrovičová, G. Nedelová
Abstract Food market has changed dramatically over past decades. Whereas in the past consumers faced problems with food availability and quantity, today they are more concerned with its qualitative side. Milk, Slovak traditional foodstuff, is now experiencing the declining consumer interest. Regarding this, the main aim of the article is to examine the importance and influence of quality attributes on Slovak consumers when purchasing milk. For accomplishing this, a quantitative consumer survey was arranged. Its results showed that to the group of top five most important quality attributes belonged healthiness, freshness, sensory appeals, processing and fat; and a presence of at least two dependencies in relation to age, gender, income and education individually was confirmed. This creates a valuable basis for the value concept development, segmentation, targeting and positioning projection, product strategy modification and innovation and segmentation and marketing mix strategy creation.
{"title":"Quality Attributes that Matters When Purchasing Milk by Slovak Consumers","authors":"K. Kurajdová, J. Táborecká-Petrovičová, G. Nedelová","doi":"10.2478/sab-2019-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Food market has changed dramatically over past decades. Whereas in the past consumers faced problems with food availability and quantity, today they are more concerned with its qualitative side. Milk, Slovak traditional foodstuff, is now experiencing the declining consumer interest. Regarding this, the main aim of the article is to examine the importance and influence of quality attributes on Slovak consumers when purchasing milk. For accomplishing this, a quantitative consumer survey was arranged. Its results showed that to the group of top five most important quality attributes belonged healthiness, freshness, sensory appeals, processing and fat; and a presence of at least two dependencies in relation to age, gender, income and education individually was confirmed. This creates a valuable basis for the value concept development, segmentation, targeting and positioning projection, product strategy modification and innovation and segmentation and marketing mix strategy creation.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/sab-2019-0034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41880493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The case study focuses on localizing the vanished complex of Count Špork’s baroque landscape at Lysá nad Labem using aerial photography. The only source localizing the former historical objects is Vogt’s veduta from 1712. The objects were not captured in any historical cartographic materials, as they had disappeared before the first mapping of the territory. So no relevant information on the vanished objectsis at disposal. The results of the present study are rectification of the objects in the southwestern part of Vogt’s veduta and aerial images of the previously unspecified structures near the former hospital Karlov. The study provides more information on one of the largest vanished baroque complexes in Central Europe and opens up further for closer studies of this area including thebaroque landscape. At the same time, the effectiveness of aerial survey for the needs of landscape planning has been confirmed. Thanks to localizing the vanished monuments, they can be incorporated into the landscape planning system and approached as a cultural heritage, a value and a limit of the territory.
本案例研究的重点是使用航空摄影技术将Count Špork在lys nad Labem的巴洛克式景观的消失综合体本地化。对这些历史物品进行定位的唯一来源是沃格特1712年的吠陀经。这些物体没有被记录在任何历史制图材料中，因为它们在首次绘制该领土之前就消失了。所以没有关于失踪物品的相关信息。目前研究的结果是对Vogt veduta西南部的物体进行了校正，并对Karlov前医院附近以前未指明的结构进行了航拍。这项研究为中欧最大的消失的巴洛克建筑群之一提供了更多的信息，并为该地区包括巴洛克景观的更深入研究开辟了道路。同时，证实了航空测量对景观规划需求的有效性。由于将消失的古迹本地化，它们可以被纳入景观规划系统，并作为文化遗产、价值和领土的限制来对待。
{"title":"Identification of the Location of Vanished Objects of Baroque Land in Lysá Nad Labem","authors":"M. Havlová","doi":"10.2478/sab-2019-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The case study focuses on localizing the vanished complex of Count Špork’s baroque landscape at Lysá nad Labem using aerial photography. The only source localizing the former historical objects is Vogt’s veduta from 1712. The objects were not captured in any historical cartographic materials, as they had disappeared before the first mapping of the territory. So no relevant information on the vanished objectsis at disposal. The results of the present study are rectification of the objects in the southwestern part of Vogt’s veduta and aerial images of the previously unspecified structures near the former hospital Karlov. The study provides more information on one of the largest vanished baroque complexes in Central Europe and opens up further for closer studies of this area including thebaroque landscape. At the same time, the effectiveness of aerial survey for the needs of landscape planning has been confirmed. Thanks to localizing the vanished monuments, they can be incorporated into the landscape planning system and approached as a cultural heritage, a value and a limit of the territory.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44270903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The future of agriculture in the EU is endangered by a constantly diminishing number of young skilled agricultural workers starting their career in agribusiness. The problem of not pursuing in the agricultural career after the university graduation forced us to compare different attitudes of students from the USA (Ohio State University) and the Czech Republic (Czech University of Life Sciences Prague). The article deals with the attitudes towards agriculture in two groups of agriculture university students (n = 201). The data were collected with the use of a standardized Questionnaire on Measuring the Affective and Cognitive Properties of Attitudes. The results of Man-Whitney test indicate that both groups of students show significantly more the affective than the cognitive base of their attitude. Furthermore, U.S. students display more positive attitudes towards the agriculture workers than Czech students. Authors bring forward the issue of attitudes in an attempt to find a way to influence the decision making of skilled agri-graduates to prefer the field of agribusiness over other careers and propose to focus on a change in attitudes, for example by the increase of the level of practical experience with agribusiness in school farm estates.
{"title":"Future Agriculturists: Czech and U.S. Agricultural Students’ Attitudes Towards Agriculture","authors":"H. Chýlová, P. Michálek, P. Rymešová, L. Natovová","doi":"10.2478/sab-2019-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The future of agriculture in the EU is endangered by a constantly diminishing number of young skilled agricultural workers starting their career in agribusiness. The problem of not pursuing in the agricultural career after the university graduation forced us to compare different attitudes of students from the USA (Ohio State University) and the Czech Republic (Czech University of Life Sciences Prague). The article deals with the attitudes towards agriculture in two groups of agriculture university students (n = 201). The data were collected with the use of a standardized Questionnaire on Measuring the Affective and Cognitive Properties of Attitudes. The results of Man-Whitney test indicate that both groups of students show significantly more the affective than the cognitive base of their attitude. Furthermore, U.S. students display more positive attitudes towards the agriculture workers than Czech students. Authors bring forward the issue of attitudes in an attempt to find a way to influence the decision making of skilled agri-graduates to prefer the field of agribusiness over other careers and propose to focus on a change in attitudes, for example by the increase of the level of practical experience with agribusiness in school farm estates.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41471381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Švec, M. Hrušková, R. Kapačinskaitė, T. Hofmanová
Abstract The study compares the influence of wheat flour replacement by 10 or 20 wt% of quinoa and canahua wholemeals on wheat dough technological quality and rheological properties. The technological quality of wheat flour was affected in terms of protein quality and amylases activity, associated with a high dietary fibre content of both tested non-traditional materials. A farinograph test revealed that quinoa partially increased water absorption; a higher amount of water resulted in the shortened stability of dough consistency during mixing and its weakened cohesiveness at the end of the test. The effect of canahua was unequivocal – water absorption decreased, stability was prolonged properly, but dough softening increased. An extensigraph test confirmed a positive effect of alternative crops on dough elasticity, but in general, the composite dough with 20% of canahua or quinoa showed worsened machinability. Multivariate statistical methods proved a stronger effect when quinoa was analysed solely than when added at complete samples a set, while for canahua-wheat samples the result was opposite.
{"title":"Influence of Canahua and Quinoa Wholemeals on Properties of Non-Fermented Wheat Dough","authors":"I. Švec, M. Hrušková, R. Kapačinskaitė, T. Hofmanová","doi":"10.2478/sab-2019-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study compares the influence of wheat flour replacement by 10 or 20 wt% of quinoa and canahua wholemeals on wheat dough technological quality and rheological properties. The technological quality of wheat flour was affected in terms of protein quality and amylases activity, associated with a high dietary fibre content of both tested non-traditional materials. A farinograph test revealed that quinoa partially increased water absorption; a higher amount of water resulted in the shortened stability of dough consistency during mixing and its weakened cohesiveness at the end of the test. The effect of canahua was unequivocal – water absorption decreased, stability was prolonged properly, but dough softening increased. An extensigraph test confirmed a positive effect of alternative crops on dough elasticity, but in general, the composite dough with 20% of canahua or quinoa showed worsened machinability. Multivariate statistical methods proved a stronger effect when quinoa was analysed solely than when added at complete samples a set, while for canahua-wheat samples the result was opposite.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44967551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Akintokun, E. Ezaka, P. Akintokun, O. Shittu, L. Taiwo
Abstract The use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as biofertilizer is a relatively safer, environment friendly and cost effective. This work was designed to assess plant growth promoting abilities of rhizobacteria and evaluate their effect on germination and growth of maize. The bacteria were isolated and screened for plant growth promoting abilities using Pikovskaya agar, Aleksandrov agar and Jensen media. Twelve isolates that showed multiple attributes were further screened for indole acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA) production; best five isolates were selected for further studies. The results of IAA and GA production showed a considerable amount of IAA and GA produced by the isolates which ranged between 9–94 and 21–97 mg l–1, respectively. The selected isolates identified as Bacillusmojavensis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Alcaligenes faecalis, Pseudomonas syringae and Bacillus cereus showed a significant difference(P≤0.05) in the amount of potassium(K) and phosphorus(P) solubilized at different source of K (KCl and mica powder) and P (Ca2PO4 and rock phosphate). The isolates also recorded significant level of nitrogen fixing ability with Alcaligenes faecalis strain P156 fixing the highest amount of nitrogen (11.4 mg N fixed per l) and least by Bacillus mojavensis strain NBSL51 (6.3 mg N fixed per l).The results of plant inoculation test showed that Bacillus cereus strain 20UPMNR significantly enhanced the root and shoot dry weight. All the selected isolates enhanced shoot and root length except Bacillus mojavensis which produced less effect on root length when compared to the control. These results have provided vital information for the development of a bio fertilizer for maize.
{"title":"Isolation, Screening and Response of Maize to Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Inoculants","authors":"A. Akintokun, E. Ezaka, P. Akintokun, O. Shittu, L. Taiwo","doi":"10.2478/sab-2019-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as biofertilizer is a relatively safer, environment friendly and cost effective. This work was designed to assess plant growth promoting abilities of rhizobacteria and evaluate their effect on germination and growth of maize. The bacteria were isolated and screened for plant growth promoting abilities using Pikovskaya agar, Aleksandrov agar and Jensen media. Twelve isolates that showed multiple attributes were further screened for indole acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA) production; best five isolates were selected for further studies. The results of IAA and GA production showed a considerable amount of IAA and GA produced by the isolates which ranged between 9–94 and 21–97 mg l–1, respectively. The selected isolates identified as Bacillusmojavensis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Alcaligenes faecalis, Pseudomonas syringae and Bacillus cereus showed a significant difference(P≤0.05) in the amount of potassium(K) and phosphorus(P) solubilized at different source of K (KCl and mica powder) and P (Ca2PO4 and rock phosphate). The isolates also recorded significant level of nitrogen fixing ability with Alcaligenes faecalis strain P156 fixing the highest amount of nitrogen (11.4 mg N fixed per l) and least by Bacillus mojavensis strain NBSL51 (6.3 mg N fixed per l).The results of plant inoculation test showed that Bacillus cereus strain 20UPMNR significantly enhanced the root and shoot dry weight. All the selected isolates enhanced shoot and root length except Bacillus mojavensis which produced less effect on root length when compared to the control. These results have provided vital information for the development of a bio fertilizer for maize.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41517836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In recent decades, there has been an increase in the work speed and breadth of agricultural technology used to mow grasses. This modernization has resulted in a decline in wildlife. There are several conventional ways to prevent these losses. The most well-known and simplest technique is to search for wild animals using dogs and a phalanx. The dogs are trained to systematically search the area and drive the animals out. Efficiency is increased when visiting a site regularly, thus disturbing the animals, which are then consequently less likely to fawn. The effectiveness of the swarm line depends on the number of participants involved. The recommended spacing is set at 1–3 m. An effective modern means seems to be the use of an unmanned system and thermal cameras. This article presents a proof of concept of a detection system that is capable of detecting the object searched for in grassy vegetation with more than 96% success, regardless of the flight level. The study contributes to automated detection based on the basic principles of threshold.
{"title":"Detection of Animal Occurrence Using an Unmanned System","authors":"J. Lešetický, P. Matějka, M. Olmr","doi":"10.2478/sab-2019-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent decades, there has been an increase in the work speed and breadth of agricultural technology used to mow grasses. This modernization has resulted in a decline in wildlife. There are several conventional ways to prevent these losses. The most well-known and simplest technique is to search for wild animals using dogs and a phalanx. The dogs are trained to systematically search the area and drive the animals out. Efficiency is increased when visiting a site regularly, thus disturbing the animals, which are then consequently less likely to fawn. The effectiveness of the swarm line depends on the number of participants involved. The recommended spacing is set at 1–3 m. An effective modern means seems to be the use of an unmanned system and thermal cameras. This article presents a proof of concept of a detection system that is capable of detecting the object searched for in grassy vegetation with more than 96% success, regardless of the flight level. The study contributes to automated detection based on the basic principles of threshold.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48062481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Lebedová, R. Stupka, J. Čítek, K. Zadinová, E. Kudrnáčová, M. Okrouhlá, P. Dundáčková
Abstract The authors have been studying various characteristics of muscle fibres and their relationship to the meat quality parameters for many years. However, the conclusions drawn by researchers often differ. A higher proportion of glycolytic IIB fibres in pig muscles is usually related to paler meat with lower water holding capacity. On the other hand the relationship between muscle fibres and meat texture parameters is not clear. Studies using immunohistochemistry methods that allow a more detailed classification of individual muscle fibre types could bring new findings in this area. It would thus be possible to influence muscle fibre type composition in the muscle to achieve the desired meat quality using various extrinsic and intrinsic factors. The main aim of this review is to summarise current knowledge on the description of muscle fibres typology and the effect of their morphological traits on pork meat quality.
{"title":"Muscle Fibre Types and Their Relation to Meat Quality Traits in Pigs","authors":"N. Lebedová, R. Stupka, J. Čítek, K. Zadinová, E. Kudrnáčová, M. Okrouhlá, P. Dundáčková","doi":"10.2478/sab-2019-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The authors have been studying various characteristics of muscle fibres and their relationship to the meat quality parameters for many years. However, the conclusions drawn by researchers often differ. A higher proportion of glycolytic IIB fibres in pig muscles is usually related to paler meat with lower water holding capacity. On the other hand the relationship between muscle fibres and meat texture parameters is not clear. Studies using immunohistochemistry methods that allow a more detailed classification of individual muscle fibre types could bring new findings in this area. It would thus be possible to influence muscle fibre type composition in the muscle to achieve the desired meat quality using various extrinsic and intrinsic factors. The main aim of this review is to summarise current knowledge on the description of muscle fibres typology and the effect of their morphological traits on pork meat quality.","PeriodicalId":53537,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43796181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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