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Conceptual replication and extension of health behavior theories' predictions in the context of COVID-19: Evidence across countries and over time 在 COVID-19 的背景下对健康行为理论的预测进行概念性复制和扩展:不同国家和不同时期的证据
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12909
Georgios Abakoumkin, Eleftheria Tseliou, Kira O. McCabe, Edward P. Lemay, Wolfgang Stroebe, Maximilian Agostini, Jocelyn J. Bélanger, Ben Gützkow, Jannis Kreienkamp, Maja Kutlaca, Michelle R. VanDellen, Jamilah Hanum Abdul Khaiyom, Vjollca Ahmedi, Handan Akkas, Carlos A. Almenara, Mohsin Atta, Sabahat Cigdem Bagci, Sima Basel, Edona Berisha Kida, Allan B. I. Bernardo, Nicholas R. Buttrick, Phatthanakit Chobthamkit, Hoon-Seok Choi, Mioara Cristea, Sára Csaba, Kaja Damnjanovic, Ivan Danyliuk, Daniela Di Santo, Karen M. Douglas, Violeta Enea, Daiane Gracieli Faller, Gavan Fitzsimons, Alexandra Gheorghiu, Ángel Gómez, Joanna Grzymala-Moszczynska, Ali Hamaidia, Qing Han, Mai Helmy, Joevarian Hudiyana, Bertus F. Jeronimus, Ding-Yu Jiang, Veljko Jovanović, Željka Kamenov, Anna Kende, Shian-Ling Keng, Tra Thi Thanh Kieu, Yasin Koc, Kamila Kovyazina, Inna Kozytska, Joshua Krause, Arie W. Kruglanski, Anton Kurapov, Nóra Anna Lantos, Cokorda Bagus Jaya Lesmana, Winnifred R. Louis, Adrian Lueders, Najma Iqbal Malik, Anton Martinez, Jasmina Mehulić, Mirra Noor Milla, Idris Mohammed, Erica Molinario, Manuel Moyano, Hayat Muhammad, Silvana Mula, Hamdi Muluk, Solomiia Myroniuk, Reza Najafi, Claudia F. Nisa, Boglárka Nyúl, Paul A. O’Keefe, Jose Javier Olivas Osuna, Evgeny N. Osin, Joonha Park, Gennaro Pica, Antonio Pierro, Jonas Rees, Anne Margit Reitsema, Elena Resta, Marika Rullo, Michelle K. Ryan, Adil Samekin, Pekka Santtila, Edyta Sasin, Birga Mareen Schumpe, Heyla A. Selim, Michael Vicente Stanton, Samiah Sultana, Robbie M. Sutton, Akira Utsugi, Jolien Anne van Breen, Caspar J. Van Lissa, Kees Van Veen, Alexandra Vázquez, Robin Wollast, Victoria Wai-lan Yeung, Somayeh Zand, Iris Lav Žeželj, Bang Zheng, Andreas Zick, Claudia Zúñiga, N. Pontus Leander
Virus mitigation behavior has been and still is a powerful means to fight the COVID-19 pandemic irrespective of the availability of pharmaceutical means (e.g., vaccines). We drew on health behavior theories to predict health-protective (coping-specific) responses and hope (coping non-specific response) from health-related cognitions (vulnerability, severity, self-assessed knowledge, efficacy). In an extension of this model, we proposed orientation to internal (problem-focused coping) and external (country capability) coping resources as antecedents of health protection and hope; health-related cognitions were assumed as mediators of this link. We tested these predictions in a large multi-national multi-wave study with a cross-sectional panel at T1 (Baseline, March-April 2020; N = 57,631 in 113 countries) and a panel subsample at two later time points, T2 (November 2020; N = 3097) and T3 (April 2021; N = 2628). Multilevel models showed that health-related cognitions predicted health-protective responses and hope. Problem-focused coping was mainly linked to health-protective behaviors (T1-T3), whereas country capability was mainly linked to hope (T1-T3). These relationships were partially mediated by health-related cognitions. We conceptually replicated predictions of health behavior theories within a real health threat, further suggesting how different coping resources are associated with qualitatively distinct outcomes. Both patterns were consistent across countries and time.
无论是否有药物手段(如疫苗),减轻病毒感染的行为过去是、现在仍然是抗击 COVID-19 大流行的有力手段。我们借鉴健康行为理论,从与健康相关的认知(脆弱性、严重性、自我评估的知识、功效)出发,预测了健康保护(应对特异性)反应和希望(应对非特异性反应)。在这一模型的延伸中,我们提出了内部(以问题为中心的应对方式)和外部(国家能力)应对资源的取向是健康保护和希望的前因,而与健康相关的认知则被假定为这一联系的中介。我们在一项大型多国多波段研究中对这些预测进行了检验,在 T1(基线,2020 年 3 月至 4 月;样本数=57631,分布于 113 个国家)和 T2(2020 年 11 月;样本数=3097)和 T3(2021 年 4 月;样本数=2628)两个时间点分别进行了横截面小组和小组子样本研究。多层次模型显示,健康相关认知可预测健康保护反应和希望。问题应对主要与健康保护行为相关(T1-T3),而国家能力主要与希望相关(T1-T3)。这些关系在一定程度上受健康相关认知的影响。我们在概念上复制了健康行为理论在真实健康威胁中的预测,进一步说明了不同的应对资源是如何与质量上不同的结果相关联的。这两种模式在不同国家和不同时间都是一致的。
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引用次数: 0
Examining the influence of information-related factors on vaccination intentions via confidence: Insights from adult samples in Italy and Serbia during the COVID-19 pandemic 通过信任度考察信息相关因素对疫苗接种意愿的影响:从 COVID-19 大流行期间意大利和塞尔维亚成人样本中获得的启示
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12929
Francesca Di Napoli, Silvia Mari, Jasna Milošević Đorđević, Duško Kljajić
The research investigates the antecedents of immunisation intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic, including information-related factors (conspiracy beliefs, immunisation knowledge and health communication perception) and confidence-related factors (trust in healthcare institutions and vaccine risk perception). Data were collected online from two samples of Italian (N = 324) and Serbian (N = 486) participants. Path analyses confirmed a mediation mechanism: trust in health institutions and vaccine risk perception mediate the relationship between information-related factors and vaccination intentions, both towards COVID-19 and other diseases, with a few exceptions and differences between the samples. Findings show a glimpse into the inner psychological mechanisms of vaccination intentions. During times of crisis, such as pandemics, compliance toward vaccination can be fostered through the quality of information and the promotion of citizens' trust towards health institutions and vaccines.
研究调查了 COVID-19 大流行期间免疫接种意愿的前因,包括信息相关因素(阴谋信念、免疫接种知识和健康传播认知)和信心相关因素(对医疗机构的信任和疫苗风险认知)。数据是从意大利(324 人)和塞尔维亚(486 人)的两个参与者样本中在线收集的。路径分析证实了一种中介机制:对医疗机构的信任和疫苗风险认知对信息相关因素和疫苗接种意愿之间的关系起中介作用,包括对 COVID-19 和其他疾病的接种意愿,但也有一些例外情况和样本之间的差异。研究结果显示了疫苗接种意愿的内在心理机制。在大流行病等危机时期,可以通过提高信息质量、增强公民对医疗机构和疫苗的信任来促进疫苗接种的依从性。
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引用次数: 0
Unlocking the secrets of secrets: How can we learn about experiences that cannot be recreated in the laboratory? 揭开秘密中的秘密:我们如何才能了解实验室中无法再现的经验?
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12922
Michael L. Slepian, Elise K. Kalokerinos
People keep secrets for years with significant ramifications if the information were ever revealed. How can we understand the effects of long-held secrets? The current paper presents a new perspective on secrecy and how it can be studied. By examining the multiple experiences people have with their multiple secrets, we can obtain a fuller view of how secrets affect people in daily life. Additionally, by examining a set of common secrets, across people, we can understand how secrets (i.e., exemplars) differ from one another, and we can study how those differences relate to important variables like well-being. That is, rather than study a specific secret or secrecy situation (which will have limited generalizability), we can seek to study the entire universe of secrets, both to make generalizations across that universe and to compare different secrets to one another. Using the question of whether secrecy causes lower well-being, we discuss this Multiple Exemplar Measurement approach alongside other methodologies. We highlight the many benefits of taking an exemplar-level perspective, both for understanding secrecy and other psychological phenomena more broadly.
人们保守秘密多年,一旦信息泄露,后果不堪设想。我们如何才能了解长期保守秘密的影响呢?本文从一个全新的视角探讨了秘密及其研究方法。通过研究人们对其多重秘密的多种体验,我们可以更全面地了解秘密对人们日常生活的影响。此外,通过研究不同人群的一系列共同秘密,我们可以了解秘密(即典范)之间的差异,并研究这些差异与幸福感等重要变量之间的关系。也就是说,与其研究一个具体的秘密或保密情况(这将具有有限的普适性),我们可以寻求研究整个秘密世界,既可以在这个世界中进行概括,也可以将不同的秘密相互比较。通过保密是否会导致幸福感降低这一问题,我们与其他方法一起讨论了这种多重范例测量方法。我们强调了采用范例级视角的诸多益处,这既有利于理解秘密,也有利于更广泛地理解其他心理现象。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 cases correlates with greater acceptance coping in flexible cultures: A cross-cultural study in 26 countries COVID-19 案例与灵活文化中更多的接受应对相关:26 个国家的跨文化研究
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12919
Xiaoyu Zhou, Alexander Scott English, Steve J. Kulich, Lu Zheng
The current study examines whether the prevalence of COVID-19 cases and cultural flexibility correlate to one's use of acceptance coping across 26 cultures. We analyzed data from 7476 participants worldwide at the start of the first outbreak from March 2020 to June 2020. Results showed that cultural flexibility moderated the relationship between COVID-19 cases and individuals' acceptance coping strategies. Specifically, for cultures with high flexibility, COVID-19 cases correlated with more acceptance coping; for cultures with low flexibility, COVID-19 cases correlated with less acceptance coping. This result demonstrates how participants from flexible cultures can coexist with the realistic challenges and suffering faced during this pandemic.
本研究探讨了在 26 种文化中,COVID-19 病例的流行率和文化灵活性是否与一个人使用接受应对方法有关。我们分析了全球 7476 名参与者在 2020 年 3 月至 2020 年 6 月第一次疫情爆发之初的数据。结果显示,文化灵活性调节了 COVID-19 病例与个人接受应对策略之间的关系。具体来说,对于灵活性高的文化,COVID-19病例与更多的接受应对策略相关;而对于灵活性低的文化,COVID-19病例与较少的接受应对策略相关。这一结果表明,来自灵活文化背景的参与者如何能够与这一流行病所面临的现实挑战和痛苦共存。
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引用次数: 0
Punishing or praising gossipers: How people interpret the motives driving negative gossip shapes its consequences 惩罚或赞扬说闲话的人:人们如何解释导致负面八卦的动机会影响其后果
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-12-02 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12924
Martina Testori, Terence D. Dores Cruz, Bianca Beersma
Sharing negative gossip has been found to be pivotal for fostering cooperation in social groups. The positive function gossip serves for groups suggests that gossipers should be rewarded for sharing useful information. In contrast, gossip is commonly perceived negatively, meaning that gossipers incur more social costs than benefits. To solve this puzzle, we argue that whether receivers interpret gossip as stemming from pro-social versus pro-self motives shapes their reactions towards gossipers. We conducted a pre-registered experimental vignette study (n = 1188) in which participants received negative gossip statements, which we manipulated to reflect either pro-self or pro-social motives. Supporting our predictions, receivers were more likely to mistakenly interpret negative pro-social gossip as stemming from pro-self motives than vice versa. Nevertheless, receivers with a higher ability to overcome intuition were better able to correctly interpret negative gossip as driven by pro-self and pro-social motives. Furthermore, results showed that when receivers interpreted negative gossip as pro-socially (vs. pro-selfishly) motivated, they trusted gossipers more and gossip targets less (for behavioral as well as attitudinal measures of trust).
研究发现,分享负面八卦对于促进社会群体中的合作至关重要。八卦对群体的积极作用表明,八卦者应该因为分享有用的信息而得到奖励。相比之下,八卦通常被认为是负面的,这意味着八卦带来的社会成本大于收益。为了解决这个难题,我们认为,接受者是否将八卦解释为源于亲社会动机还是亲自我动机,会影响他们对八卦者的反应。我们进行了一项预先注册的实验研究(n = 1188),参与者收到负面八卦陈述,我们操纵这些陈述来反映亲自我或亲社会的动机。支持我们的预测,接受者更有可能错误地将负面的亲社会八卦理解为源于亲自我动机,而不是相反。然而,具有更高克服直觉能力的接受者更能正确地将负面八卦解释为由亲自我和亲社会动机驱动的。此外,结果表明,当接受者将负面八卦解释为亲社会动机(相对于亲自私动机)时,他们更信任八卦者,而更少信任八卦目标(对于信任的行为和态度衡量)。
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引用次数: 0
How fear of Covid-19 predicts differential attitudes between nonphysician healthcare workers and other essential occupations 对Covid-19的恐惧如何预测非医师卫生保健工作者与其他必要职业之间的态度差异
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12925
Gary Ting Tat Ng, Dawn Yi Lin Chow
We examine two competing hypotheses about how individual differences in fear of Covid-19 influence attitudes toward nurses, hospital janitors and garbage collectors. On one hand, fear of Covid-19 can predict less warmth toward nurses because fear may lead to avoidance and contempt. On the other hand, fear of Covid-19 can predict greater warmth toward nurses because greater fear of Covid-19 could alternatively imply greater cognizance of the contribution that nurses make, and the risk they undertake. Also, we hypothesize that fear of Covid-19 does not predict greater warmth toward hospital janitors or garbage collectors. Findings of two studies (cross-sectional and longitudinal) generally showed that increased fear of Covid-19 (mainly on the psychological dimension) predicted greater warmth toward nurses, but not toward hospital janitors and garbage collectors. In the pandemic context, it appears that healthcare workers directly involved in patient care are not so much stigmatized, as appreciated, for their risk and contribution. However, other essential workers that are not involved in direct patient care appear less valued.
我们研究了两种相互矛盾的假设,即对Covid-19的恐惧的个体差异如何影响对护士、医院清洁工和垃圾收集者的态度。一方面,对Covid-19的恐惧可以预测对护士的热情减少,因为恐惧可能导致回避和蔑视。另一方面,对Covid-19的恐惧可以预测对护士的更大热情,因为对Covid-19的更大恐惧可能意味着对护士做出的贡献和承担的风险的更大认识。此外,我们假设对Covid-19的恐惧并不意味着对医院看门人或垃圾收集者的更大热情。两项研究(横断面和纵向)的结果普遍表明,对Covid-19的恐惧增加(主要是在心理层面)预示着对护士的更大热情,但对医院看门人和垃圾收集者却没有。在大流行的背景下,直接参与病人护理的卫生保健工作者的风险和贡献似乎没有受到太多的污名化,反而受到了赞赏。然而,其他不直接参与病人护理的基本工作者似乎不那么受重视。
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引用次数: 0
Information avoidance and testing for COVID-19 信息回避和COVID-19检测
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12920
Liz Kerner, Aisha Yusuf, Katherine Dettra, Paige Carter, Frances Alonso, James A. Shepperd
To limit the spread of the COVID-19 virus, many employers and institutions developed procedures for people who tested positive. We propose that these procedures may have dissuaded people from testing. In a sample of 1142 participants (452 university students, 690 non-students) we examined the decision to test for COVID-19. More than 30% of our sample opted to forego testing for COVID-19 despite having symptoms. Participants most frequently endorsed practical reasons for their decision (e.g., did not believe they had COVID-19, felt their symptoms were too mild to warrant testing). However, further analysis revealed that the cost of testing strongly predicted their choice. Such costs included losing income, having to move from one's residence, and among students, losing access to a meal plan. The findings suggest efforts to control the spread of COVID-19 can include costs that discourage people from testing.
为了限制COVID-19病毒的传播,许多雇主和机构为检测呈阳性的人制定了程序。我们认为这些程序可能阻止了人们进行测试。在1142名参与者(452名大学生,690名非学生)的样本中,我们检查了检测COVID-19的决定。在我们的样本中,超过30%的人选择放弃对COVID-19的检测,尽管他们有症状。参与者最常支持其决定的实际原因(例如,不相信自己感染了COVID-19,觉得自己的症状太轻微,不值得进行检测)。然而,进一步的分析表明,测试成本强烈地预测了他们的选择。这些成本包括失去收入,不得不搬离住所,在学生中,失去获得膳食计划的机会。研究结果表明,控制COVID-19传播的努力可能包括阻止人们进行检测的成本。
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引用次数: 0
Emotional tears as social motivators: When and how tearing up motivates social support 情绪性眼泪作为社会激励因素:何时以及如何流泪激发社会支持
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12921
Janis H. Zickfeld, Monika Wróbel
Emotional tears represent a basic expressive response that is most likely unique to humans. Researchers have debated the specific function of this phenomenon, with recent propositions suggesting that it mainly works as an interpersonal communicative signal motivating observers to provide help and social support to the tearful person. Here, we review evidence when and how emotional tears can act as a social motivator. Based on the emotions as social information (EASI) model, we investigate the importance of emotional expression, observer's inferences, observer's affective reactions, and situational determinants and integrate them to derive a model explaining the interpersonal functions of emotional tears. Overall, most evidence supports the idea that people tearing up, compared to people not tearing up in the exact same situation, are evaluated as less agentic, more communal, and elicit feelings of compassion in observers, which in turn is associated with higher support intentions. These relations are likely moderated by the perceived appropriateness of the expression, which is determined by the characteristics of the expression, the expresser, the observer, and the situation. Our review identifies several gaps, suggesting that the specific relations among the different variables are yet to be determined and methods should focus on more ecologically valid designs and behavioral measures.
情绪化的眼泪代表了一种基本的表达反应,很可能是人类独有的。研究人员一直在争论这一现象的具体功能,最近的观点表明,它主要是一种人际交流信号,激励观察者向哭泣的人提供帮助和社会支持。在这里,我们回顾了情感眼泪何时以及如何作为社会激励因素的证据。基于情绪作为社会信息(EASI)模型,我们研究了情绪表达、观察者的推断、观察者的情感反应和情境决定因素的重要性,并将它们整合起来,得出了一个解释情绪性眼泪人际功能的模型。总的来说,大多数证据都支持这样一种观点,即在完全相同的情况下,与没有流泪的人相比,流泪的人被认为不那么具有主观能动性,更具有群体性,并且会引起旁观者的同情,而这种同情反过来又与更高的支持意愿有关。这些关系很可能受到表达的感知适当性的调节,而表达的感知适当性是由表达、表达者、观察者和情境的特征决定的。我们的研究发现了一些差距,表明不同变量之间的具体关系尚未确定,方法应侧重于更生态有效的设计和行为措施。
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引用次数: 0
A review of the short-term implications of discrete, episodic incivility 对离散的、偶发的不文明行为的短期影响的回顾
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12918
Andrew Woolum, Trevor Foulk, Amir Erez
Most of the work pertaining to incivility has approached the topic as if incivility were a chronic, ambient environmental factor in organizations—wearing people down and making them more vulnerable to future incidents. From this perspective, it is the frequency of encounters with incivility over a significant period of time that matters, and a single, isolated exposure to incivility does not merit much concern. To the contrary, isolated encounters with incivility can result in serious, negative consequences for individuals and organizations. In this review, we highlight research that focuses on incivility as discrete or episodic events and discuss findings as they relate to affect, cognition, and behavior. Throughout the review, we offer insight into the possible pathways by which incivility affects individuals and review various interventions aimed at diminishing the effects of incivility in the workplace. Lastly, we discuss research opportunities where additional investigations are needed to advance the field of incivility.
大多数与不文明行为有关的研究都把不文明行为看作是组织中一个长期的、环境因素——让人精疲力竭,让他们更容易受到未来事件的影响。从这个角度来看,重要的是在很长一段时间内遭遇不文明行为的频率,而一次孤立的不文明行为并不值得太多关注。相反,孤立地遭遇不文明行为会给个人和组织带来严重的负面后果。在本综述中,我们重点介绍了将不文明行为作为离散或偶发事件的研究,并讨论了与情感、认知和行为相关的研究结果。在整个回顾中,我们提供了对不文明行为影响个人的可能途径的见解,并回顾了旨在减少工作场所不文明行为影响的各种干预措施。最后,我们讨论了需要进一步调查的研究机会,以推进不文明领域。
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引用次数: 0
The social life of digital methods in psychology: Situating digital methods in the new data politics 心理学中数字方法的社会生活:将数字方法置于新数据政治中
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12923
Jeffery Yen
In this paper I present some preliminary analyses of what is at stake in the growing use of digital methods in psychology. Their exponential rise in the discipline has scientific consequences, because such methods embody unarticulated assumptions that derive from their cultural, technical, or commercial origins. Such methods also rearticulate researcher-participant relations in new ways, and reframe what it means to take part in psychological research. Additionally, strong calls for psychologists to exploit the potentials of Big Data to analyze and influence human action in real time signal the growing entanglement of psychology, computer science, and the accumulative tactics of the digital economy. As part of a larger project to trace the social life of digital methods in psychology, my aim here is to link disparate literature in psychology, science and technology studies, and critical data studies, to situate such methods in the broader context of technologically afforded shifts in modes of economic and knowledge production. I argue that digital methods are in urgent need of analysis, not only in terms of the interpretive frames, modes of participation, and courses of action they afford, but as research media that circulate in a larger digital and political economic ecosystem, and with associations that span multiple sociotechnical assemblages.
在这篇论文中,我提出了一些初步的分析,分析了在心理学中越来越多地使用数字方法所带来的风险。它们在学科中的指数级增长具有科学后果,因为这些方法体现了源自其文化、技术或商业起源的未明确的假设。这些方法也以新的方式重新阐述了研究者与参与者的关系,并重新定义了参与心理学研究的意义。此外,强烈要求心理学家利用大数据的潜力来实时分析和影响人类行为的呼声表明,心理学、计算机科学和数字经济的累积策略之间的纠缠日益紧密。作为追踪心理学中数字方法的社会生活的更大项目的一部分,我在这里的目标是将心理学、科学技术研究和关键数据研究方面的不同文献联系起来,将这些方法置于技术提供的经济和知识生产模式转变的更广泛背景下。我认为,数字方法迫切需要分析,不仅是在它们提供的解释框架、参与模式和行动方案方面,而且是作为在更大的数字和政治经济生态系统中流通的研究媒介,并与跨越多个社会技术组合的协会联系在一起。
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引用次数: 0
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Social and Personality Psychology Compass
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