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Freedom dreaming from the university‐community nexus: Relational praxis as counterspace 大学与社区关系中的自由梦想:作为反空间的关系实践
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12990
Christopher C. Sonn, Rama P. Agung‐Igusti, Geskeva Komba, Ruth Nyarout Ruach, Ez Eldin Deng
In this article we draw on storytelling and bricolage to reflect on critical accompaniment as relational praxis with cultural workers from the African diaspora inside/outside/in‐between the university‐community nexus in Australia. We write together weaving our voices as we re‐member our journey and our coming together fuelled by our shared desire, to tell our own stories on our terms; to contest virulent racisms and misrecognition of the African diaspora in media, academic, and political discourse; and to create spaces, settings, and narratives for identity, community and belonging. In reflecting on this journey we distil some insights on our efforts to enact just methods, our routes and roots of creating praxis inside/outside and with the university. We suggest that our relationships, forged through critical dialogue and examination of racism in settings that we intentionally create, is central to developing communality. Drawing from the rich history of African and diasporic archives, we also advocate for expanding ecologies of knowledge and practice and modalities for endarkened counter storytelling.
在这篇文章中,我们借鉴了讲故事和 "嬉戏"(bricolage)的方法,对批判性陪伴进行了反思,将其作为与澳大利亚大学-社区之间的关系实践。我们一起写作,在重新回忆我们的旅程和我们因共同的愿望而走到一起的过程中编织我们的声音,以我们的方式讲述我们自己的故事;与媒体、学术和政治话语中对散居各地的非洲人的恶毒种族主义和错误认识作斗争;为身份、社区和归属创造空间、环境和叙事。在对这一历程进行反思的过程中,我们提炼出了一些关于我们努力制定公正方法的见解,以及我们在大学内外和与大学共同创造实践的路线和根源。我们认为,在我们有意创造的环境中,通过批判性对话和对种族主义的审视建立起来的关系,是发展社区性的核心。借鉴非洲和散居地档案馆的丰富历史,我们还主张扩大知识和实践的生态,并提倡以标新立异的方式讲述反面故事。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship commitment regulation: Influencing a partner's commitment to achieve one's commitment goals 关系承诺调节:影响伴侣的承诺以实现自己的承诺目标
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12986
Laura V. Machia, Kenneth Tan, Christopher R. Agnew
We introduce a model of relationship commitment regulation, which describes how romantic partners might use empirically‐validated antecedents of commitment level strategically to influence a partner's commitment toward their relationship based on certain commitment goals they have for the relationship. People are generally aware of and relatively accurate with respect to knowing their partner's level of commitment and also have preferences regarding their desired level. We summarize key antecedents of commitment level (i.e., satisfaction level, alternative quality, investment size, future plans, and subjective norms) and then describe how each can be manipulated via relationship maintenance activities to move a partner's commitment level up or down, or maintained at a desired current level. Collectively, the model provides a strategic roadmap for actions one can take to foster desired commitment in one's partner and provides insight into the dyadic processes and outcomes of relationship maintenance.
我们介绍了一种关系承诺调节模型,该模型描述了恋爱伙伴如何根据自己对这段关系的某些承诺目标,战略性地使用经验验证的承诺水平前因,来影响伴侣对这段关系的承诺。人们一般都知道自己伴侣的承诺水平,而且对其承诺水平的了解也相对准确,同时也会对自己期望的承诺水平有所偏好。我们总结了承诺水平的主要前因(即满意度、替代质量、投资规模、未来计划和主观规范),然后描述了如何通过关系维护活动来操纵每一种前因,从而提高或降低伴侣的承诺水平,或将其维持在当前的理想水平。总之,该模型为人们提供了一个战略路线图,使人们可以采取相应的行动来促进伴侣做出理想的承诺,并为关系维护的双向过程和结果提供了洞察力。
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引用次数: 0
The role of social support and social identification in challenge and threat, perceived stress, and life satisfaction 社会支持和社会认同在挑战与威胁、感知压力和生活满意度中的作用
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12982
Jamie C. Gillman, Martin J. Turner, Matthew J. Slater
Individualistic appraisals have dominated contemporary stress theory and have too often overlooked socially derived perceptions of group resources. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of social support and social identification on individuals' challenge and threat appraisal, perceived stress, and life satisfaction across a range of group contexts. An online survey was completed by 480 participants across four groups: students (n = 110), workplace employees (n = 126), team sport athletes (n = 116), and group exercisers (n = 128) on one occasion. We found a positive relationship between social support and social identification along with significant associations of these social factors being positively related with self‐efficacy, control, approach, and challenge, while negatively related with threat. Avoidance, along with challenge and threat was positively associated with perceived stress, while self‐efficacy was negatively associated with perceived stress. Further, control, self‐efficacy, social identification, and social support was positively associated with life satisfaction, while approach, threat, and perceived stress was negatively associated, with life satisfaction. Social identification also moderated the positive association between social support and life satisfaction. Overall, we found evidence for the resource appraisals outlined in contemporary theory being associated with both social support and social identification, along with perceived stress and life satisfaction across different group contexts. Therefore, when understanding individuals' stress responses and associated life satisfaction, research and practice should consider the combination of individual and social factors.
个人主义评价在当代压力理论中占据主导地位,但却往往忽视了社会对群体资源的感知。本研究旨在探讨社会支持和社会认同对个人在各种群体背景下的挑战和威胁评估、感知压力和生活满意度的影响。有 480 名参与者完成了一项在线调查,他们来自四个群体:学生(110 人)、工作场所雇员(126 人)、团队运动运动员(116 人)和团体锻炼者(128 人)。我们发现,社会支持和社会认同之间存在正相关关系,这些社会因素与自我效能、控制、接近和挑战之间存在显著的正相关关系,而与威胁之间存在负相关关系。回避、挑战和威胁与感知到的压力呈正相关,而自我效能感与感知到的压力呈负相关。此外,控制、自我效能、社会认同和社会支持与生活满意度呈正相关,而接近、威胁和感知压力与生活满意度呈负相关。社会认同也调节了社会支持与生活满意度之间的正相关。总之,我们发现有证据表明,在不同的群体背景下,当代理论中概述的资源评估与社会支持和社会认同以及感知压力和生活满意度都有关联。因此,在理解个人的压力反应和相关生活满意度时,研究和实践应考虑个人和社会因素的结合。
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引用次数: 0
Why do organizations take political stances? A review of reasons and risks 组织为何采取政治立场?原因和风险综述
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12985
Cory J. Clark, Calvin Isch, Azim Shariff
Organizations and their leaders have begun publicly signaling political values in candidate endorsements, statements, and advertisements, yet political action often has negative organizational consequences, including lower public support, financial costs, and reduced trust. We review the costs of organizational politicization, moderators of those costs (such as ideological alignment and size of the organization), and potential reasons why leaders take political action. Scholars often attribute political action to public pressure to “take a stand”, but this public pressure may be misunderstood. Members of the public who want organizations to take political stances desire particular stances to be made in particular ways, tend to believe in the superiority of their own values, and are relatively likely to boycott businesses for political reasons. Catering to these individuals could lead to the accumulation of supporters who are especially politically zealous and likely to punish perceived political missteps. Demands to “take a stand” might seem like one unified call to action, but they may instead be a large set of directly conflicting demands. We make recommendations for future research to better understand leaders' reasons for political action and when, if ever, such actions support the interests of organizations and broader society.
组织及其领导者已经开始在候选人背书、声明和广告中公开表达政治价值观,然而政治行动往往会给组织带来负面影响,包括降低公众支持率、财务成本和信任度。我们回顾了组织政治化的成本、这些成本的调节因素(如意识形态一致性和组织规模)以及领导者采取政治行动的潜在原因。学者们通常将政治行动归因于 "表明立场 "的公众压力,但这种公众压力可能被误解了。希望组织采取政治立场的公众希望以特定的方式表明特定的立场,倾向于相信自身价值观的优越性,并相对可能出于政治原因抵制企业。对这些人的迎合可能会导致支持者的积累,这些支持者特别热衷于政治,并可能会对所认为的政治失误进行惩罚。表明立场 "的要求看似是一个统一的行动号召,但实际上可能是一大堆直接相互冲突的要求。我们为今后的研究提出了建议,以便更好地理解领导人采取政治行动的原因,以及这些行动何时(如果有的话)会支持组织和更广泛社会的利益。
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引用次数: 0
Framing resilience linked to parental ethnic‐racial socialization as hidden: A hidden resilience conceptual framework 将与父母的民族-种族社会化相关的复原力界定为隐性复原力:隐性复原力概念框架
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12984
Juan Del Toro, Donte Bernard, Richard M. Lee, Emma K. Adam
Parental ethnic‐racial socialization is a source of adolescents' resilience against ethnic‐racial discrimination. Recent meta‐analyses have documented the promotive aspects of ethnic‐racial socialization (i.e., how ethnic‐racial socialization is directly related with adolescents' adjustment regardless of their discrimination experiences). However, extant empirical studies have produced conflicting results about the protection or moderating role of ethnic‐racial socialization, with studies suggesting that ethnic‐racial socialization buffers, exacerbates, or does not moderate the impacts of ethnic‐racial discrimination. We offer a reconceptualization of existing studies' findings and draw from existing theories to propose Hidden Resilience as a new conceptual framework that highlights how resilience and the positive benefits linked to ethnic‐racial socialization may not be noticeable when studies use psychosocial measures but is rather hidden “underneath the skin.” Conversations about racism may momentarily feel uncomfortable, upsetting, or stressful for youth, but such conversations can help youth learn how to cope with ethnic‐racial discrimination in the long term. Following a review of studies supporting our conceptual framework, we provide suggestions for future research to expand the field's understanding of resilience linked to ethnic‐racial socialization.
父母的民族-种族社会化是青少年抵御民族-种族歧视的源泉。最近的荟萃分析表明了民族-种族社会化的促进作用(即无论青少年的歧视经历如何,民族-种族社会化都与他们的适应能力直接相关)。然而,现有的实证研究对民族-种族社会化的保护或调节作用得出了相互矛盾的结果,有研究表明,民族-种族社会化缓冲、加剧或没有调节民族-种族歧视的影响。我们对现有研究结果进行了重新概念化,并借鉴现有理论,提出了 "隐性复原力 "这一新的概念框架,以强调复原力和与种族社会化相关的积极益处在研究中使用社会心理测量时可能并不明显,而是隐藏在 "表皮之下"。关于种族主义的对话可能会让青少年一时感到不舒服、不安或紧张,但从长远来看,这样的对话可以帮助青少年学会如何应对种族-种族歧视。在回顾了支持我们的概念框架的研究之后,我们对未来的研究提出了建议,以扩大该领域对与种族社会化相关的复原力的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Revisiting the charmed circle: A reflexive examination of unanswered questions in the infidelity literature 重新审视魅力圈:反思不忠文学中的未解之谜
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12983
Dana A. Weiser, M. Rosie Shrout
Infidelity is a common experience in romantic relationships, and as such, relationships researchers have amassed a large infidelity literature. In the current manuscript, we provide a brief overview of the infidelity literature, specifically focusing on how infidelity is defined, infidelity attitudes, predictors of infidelity, and infidelity outcomes. Next, we introduce readers to the “Charmed Circle,” a theoretical perspective that conceptualizes monogamous sex as part of society's view of “good, normal, and natural” sex, otherwise known as mononormativity. As scholars, we are equally socialized in a system that endorses and reinforces mononormativity. In this article, we call on scholars to engage in reflexivity and consider how mononormativity has shaped the infidelity literature and their approach to research. We highlight pressing questions within the infidelity literature and argue that by questioning our own biases, assumptions, and methodologies, we will be able to further advance our understanding of infidelity.
在恋爱关系中,出轨是一种常见的经历,因此,恋爱关系研究人员已经积累了大量的出轨文献。在本手稿中,我们将简要概述不忠文献,特别关注如何定义不忠、不忠态度、不忠预测因素和不忠结果。接下来,我们将向读者介绍 "魅力圈 "这一理论视角,它将一夫一妻制的性行为概念化为社会对 "良好、正常、自然 "性行为看法的一部分,也就是所谓的 "一夫一妻制"。作为学者,我们同样被社会化在一个认可并强化一夫一妻制的体系中。在本文中,我们呼吁学者们进行反思,思考一元论如何塑造了出轨文学及其研究方法。我们强调了不忠文献中亟待解决的问题,并认为通过质疑我们自身的偏见、假设和方法论,我们将能够进一步推动我们对不忠的理解。
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引用次数: 0
The synergy between stress and self‐compassion in building resilience: A 4‐year longitudinal study 压力与自我同情在培养抗逆力方面的协同作用:为期四年的纵向研究
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12978
Jinyoung Park, Karen Bluth, Christine Lathren, Mark Leary, Rick Hoyle
This 4‐year prospective study investigated the dynamic relationship between stress, self‐compassion, and resilience among university students, a population with increasing rates of mental health challenges. Drawing on stress theories, the research explored whether the combination of stress and self‐compassion strengthens resilience over time. A sample of 1137 university students (47.6% White, 38% female) completed measures of stress, resilience, and self‐compassion annually during the Spring semester across their four undergraduate years. A random intercept cross‐lagged panel model with latent interactions was used to test the hypothesized causal relationships. Contrary to the common belief that stress is debilitating, the results revealed a positive association between an increase in stress and a subsequent increase in self‐compassion. Moreover, when stress levels increased alongside self‐compassion, students demonstrated higher resilience. Notably, an increase in either stress or self‐compassion alone did not enhance resilience. These findings highlight the synergetic effect between self‐compassion and stress in enhancing resilience; under the right conditions, stress can lead to positive outcomes and increased capacity for coping with future stressors.
这项为期 4 年的前瞻性研究调查了大学生中压力、自我同情和复原力之间的动态关系。研究借鉴了压力理论,探讨了压力和自我同情的结合是否会随着时间的推移增强复原力。1137 名大学生(47.6% 为白人,38% 为女性)在本科四年的春季学期每年完成一次压力、复原力和自我同情的测量。我们采用了一个带有潜在交互作用的随机截距交叉滞后面板模型来检验假设的因果关系。与 "压力会使人衰弱 "的普遍看法相反,研究结果表明,压力的增加与随后自我同情的增加之间存在正相关。此外,当压力水平与自我同情同时增加时,学生表现出更高的复原力。值得注意的是,单独增加压力或自我同情并不能增强复原力。这些研究结果凸显了自我同情与压力之间在增强复原力方面的协同效应;在适当的条件下,压力可以带来积极的结果,并增强应对未来压力的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Measuring and reducing implicit prejudice against Black women and people with intersectional identities 衡量和减少对黑人妇女和具有交叉身份者的隐性偏见
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12981
Curtis E. Phills
This paper addresses a critical gap in measuring and reducing implicit prejudice: biases against Black women and people with intersectional identities. Though social psychologists have published many methods to measure and interventions to reduce implicit prejudice against Black people, these methods often target biases against Black people or Black men rather than Black women. Thus, these methods may leave Black women out because the mental representations of Black women and Black men differ and the mental representation of Black people is more similar to the mental representation of Black men than Black women. This paper advocates for an intersectional approach to measuring and reducing implicit prejudice that accounts for the unique prejudices faced by Black women. Specifically, this paper argues that researchers should tailor their methods to account for how the mental representations of Black women and Black men differ including differences in stereotypic content and ambivalence. The paper concludes by acknowledging the difficulties related to developing long‐lasting interventions, the need to move beyond reducing implicit prejudice, and the value of studying the men and women of additional racial and ethnic groups and other intersections like sexual orientation and socioeconomic status.
本文论述了测量和减少隐性偏见方面的一个重要空白:对黑人女性和具有交叉身份者的偏见。尽管社会心理学家已经发表了许多方法来衡量和干预减少对黑人的隐性偏见,但这些方法通常针对的是对黑人或黑人男性的偏见,而不是对黑人女性的偏见。因此,这些方法可能会将黑人女性排除在外,因为黑人女性和黑人男性的心理表征不同,黑人的心理表征与黑人男性的心理表征比黑人女性更为相似。本文主张采用一种考虑到黑人妇女所面临的独特偏见的交叉方法来测量和减少内隐偏见。具体而言,本文认为研究人员应调整他们的方法,以考虑黑人女性和黑人男性的心理表征有何不同,包括刻板印象内容和矛盾心理的差异。最后,本文承认制定长期干预措施存在困难,需要超越减少隐性偏见的范畴,研究其他种族和民族群体的男性和女性以及其他交叉群体(如性取向和社会经济地位)也很有价值。
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引用次数: 0
Paradoxes, uncertainty, and resistance: A psychology of meaning‐making at the margins 悖论、不确定性和阻力:边缘人群意义建构心理学
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-06-30 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12980
Rebecca Covarrubias, Giselle Laiduc
The college transition is a multifaceted experience. Navigating the unfamiliar terrain of college allows for tremendous growth and self‐discovery while simultaneously evoking fear and uncertainty as students encounter new struggles. How students come to make sense of their transition experiences, especially moments of struggle, informs how they come to define who they are, who they can become, and where they belong. Robust psychological investigation has advanced three motivations for making sense of struggle: the need to understand, the need for self‐integrity, and the need to belong. Scholars target these motivations to design educational interventions and improve outcomes for students from marginalized backgrounds. What is missing is an exploration of how the uncertainty and marginalization arising from negotiating multiple social worlds can incite paradoxical expectations, messages, and cues that shape these three motivations for meaning‐making. In this paper, we aim to nuance these three motivations by attending to paradoxes. Unearthing the paradoxes lurking within each motivation advances a better understanding of what it means to make meaning from the margins and, consequently, offers new directions and possibilities for psychological research.
大学过渡是一种多方面的经历。在大学这个陌生的环境中,学生可以获得巨大的成长和自我发现,同时也会因为遇到新的困难而产生恐惧和不确定性。学生如何理解他们的过渡经历,尤其是挣扎的时刻,会影响他们如何定义自己是谁,自己能成为什么样的人,以及自己的归属。大量的心理学研究已经提出了让学生理解挣扎的三种动机:理解的需要、自我完整的需要和归属的需要。学者们针对这些动机设计教育干预措施,改善边缘化背景学生的学习成果。我们所缺少的,是对在多重社会世界中谈判所产生的不确定性和边缘化如何激发出矛盾的期望、信息和线索,从而形成这三种意义生成动机的探索。在本文中,我们旨在通过关注悖论来细化这三种动机。揭示潜藏在每种动机中的悖论,有助于更好地理解从边缘中创造意义的含义,从而为心理学研究提供新的方向和可能性。
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引用次数: 0
How people find better lifegoals: The goal breakthrough model and its neuroscientific underpinnings 人们如何找到更好的生活目标:目标突破模型及其神经科学基础
IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12974
Kennon M. Sheldon, Woogul Lee, Johnmarshall Reeve
How do people identify new and better lifegoals for themselves? The goal breakthrough model (GBM) purports to answer this question. The GBM draws from creative process theories of preparation, incubation, illumination, and elaboration to explain how people “cross the Rubicon” to new purposes, in response to felt dissatisfaction. Neuroscience research supporting the GBM is reviewed, highlighting brain‐sequences linking Default Mode Network activity, Cognitive Control Network activity, and Salience Network activity. This understanding of the neural basis of creative goal‐functioning informs an elaborated version of the GBM, one that is less linear and more dynamic than its predecessor model. Overall, the GBM proposes a novel explanation for how people can actively prompt their nonconscious minds to provide new and better behavioral alternatives to consider.
人们如何为自己确定新的、更好的人生目标?目标突破模型(GBM)旨在回答这个问题。目标突破模型借鉴了关于准备、孵化、启发和阐述的创造性过程理论,来解释人们如何 "跨越卢比肯河",实现新的目标,以应对所感受到的不满。本文回顾了支持 GBM 的神经科学研究,强调了连接默认模式网络活动、认知控制网络活动和显著性网络活动的大脑序列。对创造性目标功能的神经基础的这种理解,为 GBM 的详细版本提供了依据,该版本与其前身模型相比,线性程度更低,动态性更强。总之,GBM 提出了一种新颖的解释,说明人们如何能够积极地促使自己的非意识思维提供新的、更好的行为替代方案以供考虑。
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引用次数: 0
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Social and Personality Psychology Compass
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