Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.6063/motricidade.27174
S. G. A. da Encarnação, O. C. Moreira, B. W. F. de Castro Pinto, C. N. de Miranda, D. P. da Silva Araújo, F. Pereira, S. L. Fazolo, M. A. Carneiro-Júnior
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.24096
Rossane Trindade Wizer, F. Castro
Considering age and experience as possible constraints to the development of aquatic skills, this study sought to analyse the effect of both on the aquatic competence of 368 children aged between 36 and 72 months using the Erbaugh Scale. Children were categorised according to age and previous aquatic experience in swimming lessons. The results of the two-factor ANOVA indicate that aquatic competence values increase from the lowest to the highest age group and the values found for the different levels of experience in swimming lessons. A regression model was applied and proved to be significant. According to the model, age and previous aquatic experience together were responsible for explaining 46% of the variance in aquatic competence. When applied in each group, the regression analysis indicated that age starts to exert less influence and the experience a greater influence on aquatic competence the older the age groups become. In addition, as the experience increases, the difference in aquatic competence increases between older and younger children. Therefore, the analysis of the contribution of these variables allows professionals to be guided in planning teaching strategies for the development of aquatic competence. Keywords: constraints, children, aquatic competence.
{"title":"Effects of Age and Experience on the Development of Aquatic Competence in Children Aged 36 to 72 Months","authors":"Rossane Trindade Wizer, F. Castro","doi":"10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.24096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.24096","url":null,"abstract":"Considering age and experience as possible constraints to the development of aquatic skills, this study sought to analyse the effect of both on the aquatic competence of 368 children aged between 36 and 72 months using the Erbaugh Scale. Children were categorised according to age and previous aquatic experience in swimming lessons. The results of the two-factor ANOVA indicate that aquatic competence values increase from the lowest to the highest age group and the values found for the different levels of experience in swimming lessons. A regression model was applied and proved to be significant. According to the model, age and previous aquatic experience together were responsible for explaining 46% of the variance in aquatic competence. When applied in each group, the regression analysis indicated that age starts to exert less influence and the experience a greater influence on aquatic competence the older the age groups become. In addition, as the experience increases, the difference in aquatic competence increases between older and younger children. Therefore, the analysis of the contribution of these variables allows professionals to be guided in planning teaching strategies for the development of aquatic competence.\u0000Keywords: constraints, children, aquatic competence.","PeriodicalId":53589,"journal":{"name":"Motricidade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46428005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.21422
Sónia Picamilho, J. Saragoça, M. Teixeira
High-performance sport is now recognised in Europe as an important factor in member states’ sports development. Still, its demands are a problem for student-athletes who seek to make their studies compatible with high-performance sports in a dual career. This systematic review of the literature aims to identify barriers and facilitators to the dual-career reported in relevant investigations carried out in Europe in recent years (2015–2020) selected from the keywords: “dual career” AND “student-athlete”, “elite-athlete” AND “school”. The research was carried out in the databases Scopus, Science Direct, Medline, Sportdiscus and PsycArticles between the 1st and the 21st of June 2020. The results allow identifying barriers (university education, cultural adaptation associated with cultural transition, substance use, stress, sports burnout, and time management) and facilitators (motivations) that are reflected in the school system, in the sports system, in both or the abandonment of one of the careers. The studies also reveal a need for greater investments in understanding the complex phenomenon of dual careers, through international studies, with representative samples and mixed methods of investigation, to overcome difficulties and find solutions with all those who have responsibility in the field of double career success. Keywords: barriers; facilitators; student-athlete; elite athlete; school.
{"title":"Carreiras duais no alto rendimento desportivo na Europa: uma revisão sistemática da literatura","authors":"Sónia Picamilho, J. Saragoça, M. Teixeira","doi":"10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.21422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.21422","url":null,"abstract":"High-performance sport is now recognised in Europe as an important factor in member states’ sports development. Still, its demands are a problem for student-athletes who seek to make their studies compatible with high-performance sports in a dual career. This systematic review of the literature aims to identify barriers and facilitators to the dual-career reported in relevant investigations carried out in Europe in recent years (2015–2020) selected from the keywords: “dual career” AND “student-athlete”, “elite-athlete” AND “school”. The research was carried out in the databases Scopus, Science Direct, Medline, Sportdiscus and PsycArticles between the 1st and the 21st of June 2020. The results allow identifying barriers (university education, cultural adaptation associated with cultural transition, substance use, stress, sports burnout, and time management) and facilitators (motivations) that are reflected in the school system, in the sports system, in both or the abandonment of one of the careers. The studies also reveal a need for greater investments in understanding the complex phenomenon of dual careers, through international studies, with representative samples and mixed methods of investigation, to overcome difficulties and find solutions with all those who have responsibility in the field of double career success.\u0000Keywords: barriers; facilitators; student-athlete; elite athlete; school.","PeriodicalId":53589,"journal":{"name":"Motricidade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46388990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.23685
C. Sá, S. Monteiro, Sofia Osório, Tiago M. Barbosa, Paulo Sá
The aim of this study was to analyse dietary intake (macronutrients and micronutrients) in young female and male handball athletes. A transversal study was performed with young handball players from sub 16 and 18 Portuguese Handball Federation, who volunteered to participate in this study. Anthropometric (weight and height measure), nutritional intake (using food frequency questionnaire) and position in the game were evaluated. The final sample comprised 64 athletes (48.4% female and 51.6% male). The mean age was 16± 1 years, average body mass index was higher in females (24.1± 3.5kg/m2) than males (23.8± 3.0 kg/m2). Mean energy intake per day was significantly lower in females than males 2167.4± 1185.0 and 2952.9± 1315.8 kcal/day (p= 0.015, 95CI), respectively. According to the recommendations from food, most of the young handball athletes reported a generally higher dietary intake (protein intake was near to the upper recommendation limit; the carbohydrate intake was below and the fat intake higher) and a lower for some micronutrients. A process to identify the athletes that need nutritional support should be considered by handball coaches to optimise their performance and safeguard their health. Keywords: nutrition; food intake; handball; adolescents.
{"title":"Dietary intake of young Portuguese handball players","authors":"C. Sá, S. Monteiro, Sofia Osório, Tiago M. Barbosa, Paulo Sá","doi":"10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.23685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.23685","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to analyse dietary intake (macronutrients and micronutrients) in young female and male handball athletes. A transversal study was performed with young handball players from sub 16 and 18 Portuguese Handball Federation, who volunteered to participate in this study. Anthropometric (weight and height measure), nutritional intake (using food frequency questionnaire) and position in the game were evaluated. The final sample comprised 64 athletes (48.4% female and 51.6% male). The mean age was 16± 1 years, average body mass index was higher in females (24.1± 3.5kg/m2) than males (23.8± 3.0 kg/m2). Mean energy intake per day was significantly lower in females than males 2167.4± 1185.0 and 2952.9± 1315.8 kcal/day (p= 0.015, 95CI), respectively. According to the recommendations from food, most of the young handball athletes reported a generally higher dietary intake (protein intake was near to the upper recommendation limit; the carbohydrate intake was below and the fat intake higher) and a lower for some micronutrients. A process to identify the athletes that need nutritional support should be considered by handball coaches to optimise their performance and safeguard their health.\u0000 Keywords: nutrition; food intake; handball; adolescents.","PeriodicalId":53589,"journal":{"name":"Motricidade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43978708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.20784
Mariana do Carmo Pinto Oliveira Barros, Nathália Passos Clemente, Fábio de Lima Rezende, Thais B Cardoso, S. Thomaz, P. Garcia, A. L. Ribeiro, W. Martins
The muscular performance of the lumbar spine is frequently assessed in studies that compare populations with and without low back pain. However, the gold standard equipment used to evaluate the strength of these muscles has a high cost. Therefore, rarely used in the clinical practice of health professionals, being the handheld dynamometer is an accessible alternative for use in clinical practice. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the reliability of the handheld dynamometer in the measurement of maximum voluntary isometric contraction of trunk extensors in healthy adults. Twenty-six healthy adults of both sexes (21.53± 1.88 years old) performed the test and retest with a 1-week interval. The comparison between test-retest demonstrated high and very high intraclass correlation coefficient for peak strength (0.82; 0.60 to 0.92) and mean strength (0.90; 0.76 to 0.95), respectively. Also, the Bland-Altman analyses indicate an error of 5.10 kg for peak strength and 5.7 kg for mean strength. In addition, the minimum detectable change for peak strength was 6.03kg (16.18%) and 5.92 kg for mean strength (20.95%). In conclusion, the test presents high reliability for the extensor muscles of the trunk in healthy adults. Therefore, the use of the handheld dynamometer can be indicated for clinical practice. Keywords: manual dynamometer; assessment; force; back strength; evidence-based practice.
{"title":"Reliability of the handheld dynamometer in the evaluation of the muscle strength of trunk extensors in healthy adults","authors":"Mariana do Carmo Pinto Oliveira Barros, Nathália Passos Clemente, Fábio de Lima Rezende, Thais B Cardoso, S. Thomaz, P. Garcia, A. L. Ribeiro, W. Martins","doi":"10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.20784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.20784","url":null,"abstract":"The muscular performance of the lumbar spine is frequently assessed in studies that compare populations with and without low back pain. However, the gold standard equipment used to evaluate the strength of these muscles has a high cost. Therefore, rarely used in the clinical practice of health professionals, being the handheld dynamometer is an accessible alternative for use in clinical practice. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the reliability of the handheld dynamometer in the measurement of maximum voluntary isometric contraction of trunk extensors in healthy adults. Twenty-six healthy adults of both sexes (21.53± 1.88 years old) performed the test and retest with a 1-week interval. The comparison between test-retest demonstrated high and very high intraclass correlation coefficient for peak strength (0.82; 0.60 to 0.92) and mean strength (0.90; 0.76 to 0.95), respectively. Also, the Bland-Altman analyses indicate an error of 5.10 kg for peak strength and 5.7 kg for mean strength. In addition, the minimum detectable change for peak strength was 6.03kg (16.18%) and 5.92 kg for mean strength (20.95%). In conclusion, the test presents high reliability for the extensor muscles of the trunk in healthy adults. Therefore, the use of the handheld dynamometer can be indicated for clinical practice.\u0000Keywords: manual dynamometer; assessment; force; back strength; evidence-based practice.","PeriodicalId":53589,"journal":{"name":"Motricidade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44239235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.19649
Sacha Clael, W. Martins, Ana Clara Bonini‐Rocha, S. N. Chaves, Elaine Brandão, J. Rodrigues, Rafaela do Vale, José Celi, L. Bezerra
The onset side in Parkinson's disease remains unclear. Furthermore, the motor symptoms are typically unilateral, with the onset side often remaining more affected throughout the disease course. Therefore, as Parkinson's disease is an idiopathic disease, several questions are raised, one of them how the disease affects each person differently. For example, a person can be right-handed for the upper limb and left-footed for the lower limb, which can change strength scores. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the differences in muscle strength in people with Parkinson's disease, right-handed for upper limb and right-footed for lower limb, that have one most affected side, right or left side, on the upper and lower body. The sample consisted of 26 individuals diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, right-handed for the upper limb and right-footed for the lower limb. Subjects needed to visit the laboratory one time to assess handgrip and knee extensors strength. There were no differences between sides in upper limbs affected by the disease, and there were no differences between sides in lower limbs affected by the disease, p > 0.05. There were no differences in strength between sides of the same body part affected by the disease. To say that people affected on the determined side are weaker than others may be a misconception since Parkinson's disease is idiopathic. Keywords: handgrip; isokinetic; Hoehn & Yard; handedness; substantia nigra
{"title":"Asymmetry in Parkinson’s disease and its relationship with strength","authors":"Sacha Clael, W. Martins, Ana Clara Bonini‐Rocha, S. N. Chaves, Elaine Brandão, J. Rodrigues, Rafaela do Vale, José Celi, L. Bezerra","doi":"10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.19649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.19649","url":null,"abstract":"The onset side in Parkinson's disease remains unclear. Furthermore, the motor symptoms are typically unilateral, with the onset side often remaining more affected throughout the disease course. Therefore, as Parkinson's disease is an idiopathic disease, several questions are raised, one of them how the disease affects each person differently. For example, a person can be right-handed for the upper limb and left-footed for the lower limb, which can change strength scores. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the differences in muscle strength in people with Parkinson's disease, right-handed for upper limb and right-footed for lower limb, that have one most affected side, right or left side, on the upper and lower body. The sample consisted of 26 individuals diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, right-handed for the upper limb and right-footed for the lower limb. Subjects needed to visit the laboratory one time to assess handgrip and knee extensors strength. There were no differences between sides in upper limbs affected by the disease, and there were no differences between sides in lower limbs affected by the disease, p > 0.05. There were no differences in strength between sides of the same body part affected by the disease. To say that people affected on the determined side are weaker than others may be a misconception since Parkinson's disease is idiopathic.\u0000Keywords: handgrip; isokinetic; Hoehn & Yard; handedness; substantia nigra","PeriodicalId":53589,"journal":{"name":"Motricidade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48672807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.20573
T. S. P. Souza, P. S. Pfeiffer, J. D. N. Pereira, E. Neto, T. S. Dutra, M. G. L. D. Mendonça, Gabriel R. Neto, André Louis Carvalho dos Santos, M. Cirilo-Sousa
This study purposed to compare responses of segmented neutrophils, monocytes,lymphocytes, and T lymphocyte Clusters of Differentiation 4 and 8 (CD4+ T andCD8+ T) to blood flow restriction training in HIV patients. Two HIV patientsparticipated in the study, one patient had a sedentary lifestyle, and the other wasphysically active. HIV-infected female patients performed a blood flow restrictiontraining session consisting of two exercises: flat bench press and knee extension.Blood (6 mL) was collected for analysis prior to training, immediately aftertraining, and 30 minutes after. After blood flow restriction training, percentagechanges in the number of leukocytes were observed in both patients. Monocytesshowed different responses in the two patients: a decrease in monocyte count wasseen in the physically active, and an increase was observed in the sedentarylifestyle. Lymphocytes showed a higher increase in the physically active than in thesedentary lifestyle. There was an increase in the CD4+ / CD8+ T lymphocyte ratioin both patients. It was concluded blood flow restriction promoted acuteinflammation after training, shown by changes in immune cell counts. Thesechanges did not promote immunosuppression; instead, an increase in CD4+/CD8+T lymphocyte ratio was observed; and HIV-infected came similar results. Keywords: muscle strength; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; HIV-1; exercise; Kinanthropometry
{"title":"Strength training with blood flow restriction in HIV patients positive: a case study","authors":"T. S. P. Souza, P. S. Pfeiffer, J. D. N. Pereira, E. Neto, T. S. Dutra, M. G. L. D. Mendonça, Gabriel R. Neto, André Louis Carvalho dos Santos, M. Cirilo-Sousa","doi":"10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.20573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.20573","url":null,"abstract":"This study purposed to compare responses of segmented neutrophils, monocytes,lymphocytes, and T lymphocyte Clusters of Differentiation 4 and 8 (CD4+ T andCD8+ T) to blood flow restriction training in HIV patients. Two HIV patientsparticipated in the study, one patient had a sedentary lifestyle, and the other wasphysically active. HIV-infected female patients performed a blood flow restrictiontraining session consisting of two exercises: flat bench press and knee extension.Blood (6 mL) was collected for analysis prior to training, immediately aftertraining, and 30 minutes after. After blood flow restriction training, percentagechanges in the number of leukocytes were observed in both patients. Monocytesshowed different responses in the two patients: a decrease in monocyte count wasseen in the physically active, and an increase was observed in the sedentarylifestyle. Lymphocytes showed a higher increase in the physically active than in thesedentary lifestyle. There was an increase in the CD4+ / CD8+ T lymphocyte ratioin both patients. It was concluded blood flow restriction promoted acuteinflammation after training, shown by changes in immune cell counts. Thesechanges did not promote immunosuppression; instead, an increase in CD4+/CD8+T lymphocyte ratio was observed; and HIV-infected came similar results.\u0000Keywords: muscle strength; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; HIV-1; exercise; Kinanthropometry","PeriodicalId":53589,"journal":{"name":"Motricidade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44153995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.24017
Dilson Borges Ribeiro Júnior, Marije T. Elferink-Gemser, Helder Zimmermann de Oliveira, Francisco Zacaron Werneck, A. J. Figueiredo, M. C. Silva
The interest of the scientific community in the tactical skills of practitioners of collective invasion sports has generated the need for the development of instruments capable of measuring such skills in an attempt to contribute in this direction. The present study aimed to translate and analyze the psychometric properties (confirmatory validity and reliability) of the Tactical Skills Inventory for Sports into the Portuguese language in young Brazilian basketball players. A total of 866 basketball players with a mean age of 15.83± 1.25 years participated in the study. The Brazilian version of Tactical Skills Inventory for Sports was produced. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated, and the Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed. The Cronbach’s alpha presented high indexes for 3 dimensions of Tactical Skills Inventory for Sports, and the sum of the items the Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.91. The results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis presented values: χ2/df= 3.120; Confirmatory Fit Index = 0.925; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.914; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.039; Root Mean Square Error of Aproximation = 0.050 (90% CI= 0.045–0.054). The obtained results allow us to consider the adapted Brazilian version of Tactical Skills Inventory for Sports, with 22 items, a robust and valid questionnaire, for use in young Brazilian basketball players. Keywords: validation; young athletes; tactical skills; basketball.
{"title":"Análise fatorial confirmatória do tactical skills inventory for sports em jovens basquetebolistas brasileiros","authors":"Dilson Borges Ribeiro Júnior, Marije T. Elferink-Gemser, Helder Zimmermann de Oliveira, Francisco Zacaron Werneck, A. J. Figueiredo, M. C. Silva","doi":"10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.24017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.24017","url":null,"abstract":"The interest of the scientific community in the tactical skills of practitioners of collective invasion sports has generated the need for the development of instruments capable of measuring such skills in an attempt to contribute in this direction. The present study aimed to translate and analyze the psychometric properties (confirmatory validity and reliability) of the Tactical Skills Inventory for Sports into the Portuguese language in young Brazilian basketball players. A total of 866 basketball players with a mean age of 15.83± 1.25 years participated in the study. The Brazilian version of Tactical Skills Inventory for Sports was produced. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated, and the Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed. The Cronbach’s alpha presented high indexes for 3 dimensions of Tactical Skills Inventory for Sports, and the sum of the items the Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.91. The results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis presented values: χ2/df= 3.120; Confirmatory Fit Index = 0.925; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.914; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.039; Root Mean Square Error of Aproximation = 0.050 (90% CI= 0.045–0.054). The obtained results allow us to consider the adapted Brazilian version of Tactical Skills Inventory for Sports, with 22 items, a robust and valid questionnaire, for use in young Brazilian basketball players.\u0000 Keywords: validation; young athletes; tactical skills; basketball.","PeriodicalId":53589,"journal":{"name":"Motricidade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48037907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.6063/motricidade.25488
T. Barbosa
The 2020 Summer Olympic Games reached to an end in Tokyo, Japan. Even though all the hiccups, constraints, and challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Games were successfully held in August 2021. For the first time in history, Team Portugal won four medals (one gold, one silver, and two bronzes). In 2018 the Portuguese Olympic Committee signed a contract with the Portuguese Institute of Sport and Youth (i.e., Portuguese government) listing the deliverables of the mission Tokyo 2020 against a funding scheme of 18.5 million euros (Contrato n.o 33-A/2018; Contrato -Programa de Desenvolvimento Desportivo n.o CP/1/DDF/2018). The document sets, among other goals and deliverables, that no less than two medals would be won at Tokyo 2020 (section IV.1. of the contract). On the road to Tokyo, Portugal got more than two medallists at World Championships in several Olympic sports. Indeed, there were six to eight potential medallists at the 2020 Olympic Games (O Jogo, 2021). There is evidence that just one-third to one-fourth of the Olympic athletes are able to excel and outperform at the Olympic Games. In the sport of competitive swimming, just 29.82% of all male Olympians and 53.84% of the finalists at Rio 2016 improved their entry times (Barbosa, 2016a). On average, only 30% of the swimmers were able to improve their entry time at the 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games (Barbosa, 2016b). At Rio 2016, Team Portugal was expected to win two medals out of nine potential medallists, i.e., almost 25% of effectiveness (Garcia, 2016). Thus, one can wonder if the Portuguese Olympic Committee was sensible, assuming that two athletes would reach the podium spot out of six to eight potential medallists. Also, it begs the question if the four medals won were an outstanding achievement, deemed as a substantial improvement of the Portuguese sports system or, if alternatively, the Portuguese Olympic Committee underestimated the number of medals that the country could win.
2020年夏季奥运会在日本东京落下帷幕。尽管新冠肺炎大流行带来了种种挫折、限制和挑战，但奥运会仍于2021年8月成功举办。葡萄牙队有史以来第一次获得了四枚奖牌(一金、一银、两铜)。2018年，葡萄牙奥委会与葡萄牙体育与青年学院(即葡萄牙政府)签署了一份合同，列出了2020年东京奥运会的可交付成果，资金计划为1850万欧元(contrto no 33-A/2018;《关于消除贪污的协定》(CP/1/DDF/2018)。除其他目标和成果外，该文件还规定，2020年东京奥运会将赢得不少于两枚奖牌(第IV.1节)。合同的条款)。在前往东京的路上，葡萄牙在多个奥运会项目的世界锦标赛上获得了两枚以上的奖牌。事实上，在2020年奥运会上，有6到8名潜在的奖牌获得者(O Jogo, 2021)。有证据表明，只有三分之一到四分之一的奥运会运动员能够在奥运会上取得优异成绩。在竞技游泳运动中，只有29.82%的男性奥运会选手和53.84%的2016年奥运会决赛选手提高了他们的入水时间(Barbosa, 2016a)。在2012年和2016年奥运会上，平均只有30%的游泳运动员能够提高他们的入水时间(Barbosa, 2016b)。在2016年5月10日，葡萄牙队预计将赢得9枚潜在奖牌中的2枚，即几乎25%的效率(Garcia, 2016)。因此，人们可能会怀疑葡萄牙奥委会是否明智，假设六到八名潜在的奖牌获得者中有两名运动员会登上领奖台。此外，这也引发了一个问题，即赢得的四枚奖牌是一项杰出的成就，被视为葡萄牙体育制度的重大改进，还是葡萄牙奥委会低估了该国可能赢得的奖牌数量。
{"title":"The Expected Number of Olympic Medals: A Case Study of Team Portugal at Tokyo 2020","authors":"T. Barbosa","doi":"10.6063/motricidade.25488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.25488","url":null,"abstract":"The 2020 Summer Olympic Games reached to an end in Tokyo, Japan. Even though all the hiccups, constraints, and challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Games were successfully held in August 2021. For the first time in history, Team Portugal won four medals (one gold, one silver, and two bronzes). In 2018 the Portuguese Olympic Committee signed a contract with the Portuguese Institute of Sport and Youth (i.e., Portuguese government) listing the deliverables of the mission Tokyo 2020 against a funding scheme of 18.5 million euros (Contrato n.o 33-A/2018; Contrato -Programa de Desenvolvimento Desportivo n.o CP/1/DDF/2018). The document sets, among other goals and deliverables, that no less than two medals would be won at Tokyo 2020 (section IV.1. of the contract). \u0000On the road to Tokyo, Portugal got more than two medallists at World Championships in several Olympic sports. Indeed, there were six to eight potential medallists at the 2020 Olympic Games (O Jogo, 2021). There is evidence that just one-third to one-fourth of the Olympic athletes are able to excel and outperform at the Olympic Games. In the sport of competitive swimming, just 29.82% of all male Olympians and 53.84% of the finalists at Rio 2016 improved their entry times (Barbosa, 2016a). On average, only 30% of the swimmers were able to improve their entry time at the 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games (Barbosa, 2016b). At Rio 2016, Team Portugal was expected to win two medals out of nine potential medallists, i.e., almost 25% of effectiveness (Garcia, 2016). Thus, one can wonder if the Portuguese Olympic Committee was sensible, assuming that two athletes would reach the podium spot out of six to eight potential medallists. Also, it begs the question if the four medals won were an outstanding achievement, deemed as a substantial improvement of the Portuguese sports system or, if alternatively, the Portuguese Olympic Committee underestimated the number of medals that the country could win.","PeriodicalId":53589,"journal":{"name":"Motricidade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43633273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.19628
Frederico Santos de Santana, Camila de Santana Mota, L. C. Pereira, Maria Teresa Cattuzzo, Marisete Peralta Safons
Supine-To-Stand task is considered a developmental milestone, useful, valid, and reliable means of tracking functional motor competence. Concerning the elderly, the diversity of protocols used for Supine-To-Stand analysis requires rigorous examination. This study aimed to determine the protocol with the greatest methodological advantage for analyzing the Supine-To-Stand task process of older adults, both sexes and aged ≥ 60 years. A systematic review was carried out on the process analysis protocols of the Supine-To-Stand task. The application of criteria (clarity of language, exemption from floor and ceiling effect, reproducibility and satisfactory reliability, detail of the task, coding time) and the attribution of scores that added together allowed to classify the protocols according to the level of methodological advantage: greater (Σ≥ 10), median (Σ between 6–9) or less (Σ≤ 5), allowed the selection of the protocol with the greatest methodological advantage. The results showed that all protocols were considered to be at least of medium advantage. The protocol proposed by Manini et al. presented greater methodological advantage (Σ= 10), allowing us to conclude that this protocol is the most suitable for analyzing the Supine-To-Stand process in the elderly, especially for presenting excellent performance in language clarity, low coding time, being free of floor or ceiling effect, being reproducible and reliable. Keywords: activities of daily living; motor skills; geriatric assessment; frail elderly; aged
{"title":"Análise de processo da tarefa de levantar-se do solo em idosos saudáveis","authors":"Frederico Santos de Santana, Camila de Santana Mota, L. C. Pereira, Maria Teresa Cattuzzo, Marisete Peralta Safons","doi":"10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.19628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6063/MOTRICIDADE.19628","url":null,"abstract":"Supine-To-Stand task is considered a developmental milestone, useful, valid, and reliable means of tracking functional motor competence. Concerning the elderly, the diversity of protocols used for Supine-To-Stand analysis requires rigorous examination. This study aimed to determine the protocol with the greatest methodological advantage for analyzing the Supine-To-Stand task process of older adults, both sexes and aged ≥ 60 years. A systematic review was carried out on the process analysis protocols of the Supine-To-Stand task. The application of criteria (clarity of language, exemption from floor and ceiling effect, reproducibility and satisfactory reliability, detail of the task, coding time) and the attribution of scores that added together allowed to classify the protocols according to the level of methodological advantage: greater (Σ≥ 10), median (Σ between 6–9) or less (Σ≤ 5), allowed the selection of the protocol with the greatest methodological advantage. The results showed that all protocols were considered to be at least of medium advantage. The protocol proposed by Manini et al. presented greater methodological advantage (Σ= 10), allowing us to conclude that this protocol is the most suitable for analyzing the Supine-To-Stand process in the elderly, especially for presenting excellent performance in language clarity, low coding time, being free of floor or ceiling effect, being reproducible and reliable.\u0000Keywords: activities of daily living; motor skills; geriatric assessment; frail elderly; aged","PeriodicalId":53589,"journal":{"name":"Motricidade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46951210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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