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Experimental Stand Movable Module for Determining the Traction-Linked Properties of Wheel Engines and the Results of Laboratory Researches for Determining the Traction Force of Two-Wheel Tractors 轮式发动机牵引联动特性测定实验台移动模块及两轮拖拉机牵引力测定实验室研究结果
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.031.202101.143-160
V. Kupryashkin, A. S. Ulanov, M. G. Shlyapnikov, A. Gusev, V. I. Slavkin
Introduction. Farmers make extensive use of two-wheel tractors equipped with traction and drive interchangeable units. Two-wheel tractors are required to move evenly with minimal slip of the drive wheels on the soil. The tractive force on the drive wheels of the tillage unit is the decisive power factor in this case. An objective traction force value can be measured only by carrying out experimental studies.Materials and Methods. To determine the traction force on the drive wheels of the twowheel tractor, the design of the experimental stand was proposed and substantiated (RF patent for useful model No. 188610 “Movable module of the test stand”), and a methodology for planning and conducting a multifactor experiment to determine the traction force was developed.Results. As a result of the laboratory tests the calculation dependencies of the tractive force on the drive wheels of the Neva MB23-MultiAGRO Pro two-wheel tractor were obtained. Soil conditions, design and technological parameters, operating modes of the two-wheel tractor, and rolling resistance forces were taken into account.Discussion and Conclusion. The use of the developed regression models of the traction force under the condition of ensuring uniform movement with the minimum permissible slipping of the driving wheels of the two-wheel tractor on the soil will allow obtaining the permissible values of the two-tractor motion speed and form the zones of its most effective functioning.
介绍。农民广泛使用配备牵引和驱动互换装置的两轮拖拉机。两轮拖拉机被要求以最小的驱动轮在土壤上滑动均匀移动。在这种情况下,对耕作装置驱动轮的牵引力是决定性的动力因素。只有通过实验研究才能测量出一个客观的牵引力值。材料与方法。为了确定两轮拖拉机驱动轮的牵引力,提出并验证了试验台的设计(RF专利号:188610“试验台可移动模块”),并开发了一种规划和实施多因素试验以确定牵引力的方法。通过室内试验,得到了涅瓦MB23-MultiAGRO Pro两轮拖拉机驱动轮牵引力的计算依赖关系。考虑了土壤条件、设计工艺参数、两轮拖拉机运行方式、滚动阻力等因素。讨论与结论。利用已建立的牵引力回归模型,在保证两轮拖拉机驱动轮在土壤上的最小允许滑动均匀运动的条件下,可以得到两轮拖拉机运动速度的允许值,并形成其最有效的功能区域。
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引用次数: 1
Studying the Influence of the Technical Performance Complexity and the Nomenclature and Quantitative Composition of Agricultural Machinery on Its Recyclability Rate 研究农业机械的技术性能复杂性、命名法和数量组成对其回收率的影响
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.030.202004.683-698
I. Kravchenko, Yri S. Migachev, Y. Kuznetsov, Alexandr М. Davydkin, M. Erofeev
Introduction. Rational recycling of agricultural machinery, which has reached the end of its service life, is an urgent problem of the modern agro-industrial complex. In this regard, using the physical model for recycling agricultural machinery, reached its service life, is a solution to the problem of resource recycling.Materials and Methods. The paired linear regression analysis method was used to conduct statistical research of experimental data and develop a regression model. The authors calculated the recyclability rate values for the entire agricultural machinery nomenclature and its average value through using regression equation.Results. Based on the analysis of indicators for technical condition of being recycled products, it was established that for developing a conceptual model of agricultural machinery recycling, it is preferable to use four main groups of indicators: technical condition, material capacity, manufacturability, and safety of components. The proposed group of indicators determines the possibility of recycling the machinery units. The results of researching the influence of indicators of design complexity, technical performance, condition, nomenclature and quantitative composition of agricultural machinery on the recyclability are presented.Discussion and Conclusion. According to the research results, a conceptual physical model for recyclability of agricultural machinery was developed that allows planning more effectively measures for recycling various types of agricultural machinery when conducting a comparative analysis of the entire nomenclature composition. The adopted restrictions allow estimating the technical condition and recyclability of agricultural machinery using the conceptual physical model of recyclability. The relationships between the storage time, complexity of technical performance, material capacity, quantitative composition (volume of recycling) and recyclability rate of agricultural machinery are revealed.
介绍。已达到使用寿命的农业机械的合理回收利用是现代农工综合体亟待解决的问题。对此,利用物理模型对农机进行回收利用,达到其使用寿命,是解决资源回收问题的一种方法。材料与方法。采用配对线性回归分析方法对实验数据进行统计研究,建立回归模型。利用回归方程计算了整个农业机械命名的可回收利用率值及其平均值。通过对回收产品技术条件指标的分析,建立了农机回收概念模型,优选采用技术条件、材料能力、可制造性和部件安全性四大类指标。所提出的一组指标决定了回收机械装置的可能性。介绍了农业机械的设计复杂性、技术性能、工况、名称和数量组成等指标对可回收性的影响。讨论与结论。根据研究结果,建立了农业机械可回收性的概念物理模型,在对整个命名法组成进行比较分析时,可以更有效地规划各种类型农业机械的回收措施。所采用的限制允许使用可回收性概念物理模型来估计农业机械的技术条件和可回收性。揭示了农业机械的贮存时间、技术性能复杂性、物料容量、定量组成(回收体积)和可回收利用率之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Transformation of the Structure of the Russian Banking Sector: The Impact on Regional Development 俄罗斯银行业结构转型:对区域发展的影响
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.15507/2413-1407.113.028.202004.695-722
A. Fiapshev, E. Travkina, V. V. Poznyakov
Introduction. Inconsistency of the governmental regulatory impact on the socio-economic processes is one of the destructive factors in the increasing asymmetry of regional development. The decisions taken in the sphere of financial market regulation have provoked large-scale structural and quantitative changes in the banking system. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the occurred transformation on regional development and to analyze the possibilities of reducing gaps in the volume of banking services provided in Russia’s regions as well as in the level of their socio-economic development.Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of data from the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and the Federal State Statistics Service. The results of the banking system transformation and the possible impact of the changes on regional development were assessed using the methods of scientific knowledge. When working with the empirical material, the methods of comparison, measurement and evaluation were used.Results. The authors have identified gaps in the level of socio-economic development of Russia’s regions. For a long time, a number of regions have demonstrated limited opportunities for self-development and to fulfil their potential. The acuteness of this problem can be smoothed out by the tools of bank regulation (e.g. lending). After the decrease in the number of regional banks, the banking services market has seen steady signs of oligopoly with a marked decline in price competition. Negative effects of this decline have been increasing at the regional level.Discussion and Conclusion. Regional socio-economic dynamics demonstrate high sensitivity to the reduction in the number of regional banks operating independently as well as to the decline in price competition in the banking services market. It is important that the regional component be taken into account in regulatory practices, including that applicable to the banking sector. Preservation of the regional segment of this system will help to solve a lot of problems at the local level and thus make a significant contribution to overcoming the gaps in the socio-economic development of the regions. The results of this study will be useful to managers of the Central Bank of Russia, as well as to regional and local authorities.
介绍。政府调控对社会经济过程影响的不一致性是区域发展不对称加剧的破坏性因素之一。在金融市场监管领域作出的决定,已引发了银行体系的大规模结构和数量变化。本研究的目的是评估已发生的转变对区域发展的影响,并分析减少俄罗斯各地区提供的银行服务量及其社会经济发展水平差距的可能性。材料与方法。这项研究是根据俄罗斯联邦中央银行和联邦国家统计局的数据进行的。运用科学知识的方法,评价了银行体制转型的结果及其对区域发展可能产生的影响。在处理经验材料时,采用了比较、测量和评价的方法。作者指出了俄罗斯各地区社会经济发展水平的差距。长期以来,一些地区自我发展和发挥其潜力的机会有限。这个问题的尖锐性可以通过银行监管工具(如贷款)来缓和。在地区银行数量减少后,银行服务市场出现了寡头垄断的稳定迹象,价格竞争明显减弱。这种下降的负面影响在区域一级不断增加。讨论与结论。区域社会经济动态对独立经营的区域银行数量的减少以及银行服务市场价格竞争的下降表现出高度敏感性。重要的是,在监管实践中,包括适用于银行业的监管实践中,应考虑到区域因素。保留这一制度的区域部分将有助于解决地方一级的许多问题,从而对克服各区域社会经济发展中的差距作出重大贡献。这项研究的结果将对俄罗斯中央银行的管理人员以及地区和地方当局有用。
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引用次数: 0
Ensuring the Stability of Agricultural Transport and Technological Machines Equipped with Ultra-Low Pressure Tires during Braking 装备超低压轮胎的农用运输机械在制动过程中的稳定性保障
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.030.202004.609-623
U. Vakhidov, A. Kurkin, L. S. Levshunov, Iuri I. Molev, Dmitriy N. Proshin, A. Sogin
Introduction. Improving the efficiency of agricultural operations and off-road logistics require new highly efficient non-road machinery with low pressure on road surface. The versatility of the use of this machinery imposes additional requirements on its design, including those related to road traffic safety on public roads. Changes in brake design are required to ensure safe braking performance when larger diameter wheels are used for the reason that to produce standard braking force according to the technical regulations for the safety of wheeled vehicles, requires more braking torque when using larger diameter wheels.Materials and Methods. The article proposes a model for calculating the braking parameters of transport and technological agricultural machines equipped with ultra-low pressure wheels. The model differs from those used earlier in that its output parameter is not the braking efficiency, but the time difference between the front and rear axle locks.Results. Fulfilling the condition of the front axle advance locking ensures the stability of the tractor motion during emergency braking that has a positive effect on road traffic safety. The results of the study suggest that to ensure the safe motion of the machines equipped with ultra-low pressure tires on public roads, it is necessary that the ratio of the distance from the center of mass to the front axle is at least not less than the distance from the center of mass to the road surface.Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed mathematical model has shown its adequacy. The obtained mathematical dependencies allow us to justify different technical solutions for ensuring safe road movement of transport and technological agricultural machines equipped with ultra-low pressure tires. Thus, the maximum permissible height of the center of mass can be assumed to be equal to 90% of the distance from the location of the center of mass of an agricultural transport and technological machine to its front (controlled) axis.
介绍。提高农业生产和非公路物流效率,需要新型高效、路面压力小的非公路机械。这种机械的多功能性对其设计提出了额外的要求,包括与公共道路上的道路交通安全有关的要求。在使用大直径车轮时,为了保证安全的制动性能,需要改变制动设计,因为要根据轮式车辆安全的技术规程产生标准制动力,在使用大直径车轮时需要更大的制动扭矩。材料与方法。本文提出了一种超低压轮运输机械和科技农业机械制动参数的计算模型。该模型与以往模型的不同之处在于,它的输出参数不是制动效率,而是前后桥锁的时间差。满足前轴提前锁定的条件,保证了紧急制动时牵引车运动的稳定性,对道路交通安全具有积极的影响。研究结果表明,为保证配备超低压轮胎的机器在公共道路上安全行驶,其质心到前轴的距离之比至少不小于质心到路面的距离。讨论与结论。所提出的数学模型已经证明了它的充分性。获得的数学依赖关系使我们能够证明不同的技术解决方案,以确保运输和配备超低压轮胎的技术农业机械的安全道路移动。因此,质心的最大允许高度可以假定为等于农业运输和技术机械的质心位置到其前(受控)轴距离的90%。
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引用次数: 0
Features of Functioning of the Institution of Arbitration Management in a Crisis: The Regional Aspect 危机中仲裁管理制度的功能特征:区域性视角
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.15507/2413-1407.113.028.202004.801-822
R. V. Motkin, V. N. Motkin
Introduction. The relevance of the study consists in expanding theoretical developments in the field of economic sociology, in particular, in identifying the features of functioning of the institution of arbitration management in the Russian Federation in the 2020 crisis. The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of implementation of the powers of bankruptcy commissioners, as well as to scrutinize the socio-economic status of the professional group of bankruptcy commissioners in the crisis period of March – April 2020.Materials and Methods. In the course of the study, a secondary analysis of the latest Russian and foreign regulatory and legal framework governing the activities of the institution of bankruptcy during the crisis period of the first half of 2020 was carried out. In particular, statistics of insolvency procedures in 2018–2020, as well as draft legal acts related to bankruptcy were analyzed in the regional context and in regard to change in the status of the social and professional group of bankruptcy commissioners.Results. The factors influencing the functioning of the institution of arbitration management during the crisis period have been identified, the key ones of which are the lack of state support for specialists in the field of insolvency during a crisis period; controversial legislative initiatives; a steady increase in the conflict nature of insolvency procedures; high risk of bringing bankruptcy commissioners to justice without proper income growth; fragmentation of the professional community of bankruptcy commissioners.Discussion and Conclusion. The performed analysis made it possible to conclude that the introduction of a moratorium on bankruptcy, the lack of state support for the industry, as well as significant difficulties in exercising the powers of bankruptcy commissioners in the context of the crisis measures in the first half of 2020 had a significant negative impact on the socio-economic situation of the professional group of bankruptcy commissioners. Factors in the formation of the professional status of bankruptcy commissioners in the post-crisis period are the relevant issues for further research. The results of the study may be useful to scientists specializing in Economics and Law, to students attending anti-crisis management programs, as well as to specialists in the field of insolvency.
介绍。该研究的相关性在于扩大经济社会学领域的理论发展,特别是确定俄罗斯联邦仲裁管理机构在2020年危机中的运作特征。本研究旨在揭示破产专员权力行使的特点,并考察破产专员专业群体在2020年3 - 4月危机时期的社会经济地位。材料与方法。在研究过程中,对2020年上半年危机期间管理破产机构活动的最新俄罗斯和外国监管和法律框架进行了二次分析。特别是,2018-2020年的破产程序统计数据以及与破产相关的法律草案在区域背景下以及破产专员的社会和专业群体地位的变化进行了分析。确定了危机期间影响仲裁管理机构运作的因素,其中的关键因素是危机期间国家对破产领域的专家缺乏支持;有争议的立法举措;破产程序的冲突性质稳步增加;没有适当的收入增长,破产专员被绳之以法的风险很高;破产专员专业团体的分裂。讨论与结论。所进行的分析可以得出结论,破产暂停的引入、国家对该行业缺乏支持以及在2020年上半年危机措施背景下破产专员行使权力的重大困难,对破产专员专业群体的社会经济状况产生了重大负面影响。后危机时期破产专员职业地位形成的因素是需要进一步研究的相关问题。这项研究的结果可能对专门研究经济和法律的科学家、参加反危机管理课程的学生以及破产领域的专家有用。
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引用次数: 0
Cultural Rapprochement of Russians and Students from the Countries of Central Asia as a Result of the Impact of “Soft Powerˮ of the Higher Education System 高等教育系统“软实力”影响下俄罗斯与中亚国家学生的文化和解
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.15507/2413-1407.113.028.202004.823-842
G. Savchuk, I. Britvina, V. A. Frants
Introduction. The cultural rapprochement between Russia and the countries of Central Asian that are members of global alliances is facilitated by various social institutions, including the system of higher education. The article is of relevance as it analyzes the system of higher education in the context of cross-country interactions in terms of the theory of “soft power”. The purpose of the study is to assess the potential of higher education system as an element of “soft power” of the country in the cultural rapprochement of students from Central Asia and Russians.Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in April–June 2019 using the method of in-depth interview in Ekaterinburg, a Russian megalopolis with a high concentration of universities, attractive for educational migration from the countries of Central Asia in terms of geographical location and economic development. Twenty-two students and ten graduates of Ekaterinburg universities who came from this region were interviewed. The technique of typical case sampling was employed.Results. The following results of the impact of “soft power” of the system of higher education have been revealed: in the course of training, attractiveness of Russia, as the country of residence for students from the Central-Asian region, increases; the majority of students have chosen such a strategy of acculturation as integration into the host community; the education system has promoted specific cultural mechanisms for integration of migrants into the host community.Discussion and Conclusion. The obtained results make it is possible to assert, that the collective efforts of universities to increase their attractiveness for applicants and students from the Central-Asian region have promoted their loyalty to Russia as a whole, have affected further migratory plans, associated with residing in Russia, of a considerable part of students, and promote their cultural integration into the host community. The results may be useful for regional scientists to understand the opportunities and limitations of a deeper cultural rapprochement between people of different cultural background.
介绍。包括高等教育系统在内的各种社会机构促进了俄罗斯与作为全球联盟成员的中亚国家之间的文化和解。本文运用“软实力”理论对跨国互动背景下的高等教育体制进行了分析,具有一定的现实意义。这项研究的目的是评估高等教育系统作为国家“软实力”元素在中亚和俄罗斯学生文化和解中的潜力。材料与方法。该研究于2019年4月至6月在叶卡捷琳堡采用深度访谈的方法进行,叶卡捷琳堡是俄罗斯的一个特大城市,大学高度集中,在地理位置和经济发展方面对来自中亚国家的教育移民具有吸引力。采访了来自该地区的叶卡捷琳堡大学的22名学生和10名毕业生。采用典型病例抽样技术。高等教育体系“软实力”影响的结果如下:在培养过程中,俄罗斯作为中亚地区学生的居住国的吸引力增加;大多数学生选择了这样一种文化适应策略:融入东道国社区;教育系统促进了使移徙者融入东道社区的具体文化机制。讨论与结论。所取得的结果使我们有可能断言,大学为增加对中亚地区申请人和学生的吸引力所作的集体努力促进了他们对整个俄罗斯的忠诚,影响了相当一部分学生与居住在俄罗斯有关的进一步移民计划,并促进了他们融入东道国社区的文化。这些结果可能有助于区域科学家了解不同文化背景的人之间更深层次的文化和解的机会和局限性。
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引用次数: 0
Simulation of Square Cluster Planting 方形集群种植模拟
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.030.202004.524-549
A. Popov
Introduction. For cultivated crops, the optimal form of spacing is square form, which is provided by the square cluster method of planting. Currently, due to the high metal consumption and low productivity, this method of planting has been replaced with a single-seed planting one. But this does not solve the problem of rational distribution of seeds in the field, so the problem of plant spacing with the use of the optimal square form of spacing is relevant. The aim of the study is to develop and analyze a simulation model of square cluster planting based on an algorithm for controlling the executive mechanisms of the seeder sections using devices for local coordination of the seeding apparatus.Materials and Methods. A programmable square cluster planting using local coordination of the seeding apparatus and an algorithm for its realization are considered. The article describes the construction of a simulation model of sowing planting in Simulink Matlab with justification of its elements. The seed spreading in furrows and the seeder variable speed are taken into account. The number of pulses per revolution of the encoder shaft is theoretically justified.Results. The graphs of the distance traveled, positions coordinates of the flap opening and control signals depending on the time are constructed. The analysis of the encoder settings is carried out. When varied the plant spacing and the coordinates of the first flap opening, the dimension of the last seed cluster changes in the range from –2.6 ∙ 10–3 to 2.7 ∙ 10–3 m. With the increase in the seeder speed from 1.5 to 3.0 m/s, the mathematical expectation of the seed cluster dimensions increase from 0.054 to 0.218 m, and the coefficient of variation decreases from 61.2 to 15.0%.Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of the simulation model of the square cluster planting showed that the algorithm for controlling executive mechanisms together with the local coordination system works adequately and provides high precision of placing seed clusters in the field. The dependences of the optimal number of pulses per an encoder shaft revolution on the specified seed spacing and radius of the track measuring wheel are determined. It was determined that the maximum dimension of the last seed cluster does not exceed 2.7 mm per 1 000 m (for x = 0.3 m and t = 0.7 m). It was found that the precision of the distribution of seed clusters in the field is determined more by the seeder speed than by the settings of the measuring device.
介绍。对于栽培作物而言,最优的间距形式为方形,即种植的方形簇法。目前,由于金属消耗高,生产率低,这种种植方法已被单种种植方法所取代。但这并不能解决种子在田间合理分布的问题,因此植株间距的问题与使用最优间距的平方形式是相关的。本研究的目的是开发和分析一个基于算法的方形集束种植模拟模型,该算法利用播种机的局部协调装置控制播种机的执行机制。材料与方法。研究了一种利用播种机局部协调的可编程方形集束播种方法及其实现算法。本文介绍了在Simulink Matlab中建立一个播种种植仿真模型,并对其组成部分进行了论证。考虑了种子在犁沟中播撒和播种机的变速。编码器轴每转一圈的脉冲数在理论上是合理的。构造了移动距离、襟翼打开位置坐标和控制信号随时间的图。对编码器设置进行了分析。当植物间距和第一瓣开口坐标不同时,最后一簇种子的尺寸在-2.6∙10-3 ~ 2.7∙10-3 m之间变化。随着播种机速度从1.5 m/s增加到3.0 m/s,种子簇尺寸的数学期望值从0.054 m增加到0.218 m,变异系数从61.2降低到15.0%。讨论与结论。通过对广场集束播种仿真模型的分析,表明控制执行机构和局部协调系统的算法是有效的,能够提供较高的田间播种精度。确定了编码器轴每转一圈的最佳脉冲数与指定种子间距和轨道测量轮半径的关系。最后一个种子簇的最大尺寸不超过2.7 mm / 1000 m (x = 0.3 m和t = 0.7 m)。发现种子簇在田间分布的精度更多地取决于播种机的速度,而不是测量装置的设置。
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引用次数: 0
Comparing the Membrane Potential of Wheat Grains of Different Varieties and Productivity Divided into Fractions According to Their Aerodynamic Properties 比较不同品种小麦籽粒的膜势和按其气动特性划分的产量
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.030.202004.550-575
N. N. Barysheva, S. Pronin, D. D. Baryshev, V. Belyaev
Introduction. Spring wheat yield depends largely on the wheat variety, seed quality, cultivation technology, and agro-climatic factors. It has been found that the separation of wheat seeds into fractions makes it possible to improve the quality of post-harvest processing, adjust the quality of grain depending on the intended use, and the sowing of the wheat grains divided into fractions allows increasing productivity. The aim of the article is to explore the membrane potential on the shells of wheat grains divided into fractions according to their aerodynamic properties and to compare certain membrane potential features with aerodynamic properties of these grains and the yields of selected varieties.Materials and Methods. The seeds, divided into fractions, have different sowing qualities. Biologically deficient seeds have poor germination index. The study have found that the division of seeds into fractions contributes to increasing yields, but the main indicators of quality are still germination and viability, for this reason an approach has been developed to determine the quality of wheat seeds divided into fractions.Results. This article studies the change in membrane potential of wheat seeds, divided into fractions according to their aerodynamic properties. The article presents the results of testing a new clamping electrode with a smooth surface to measure the membrane potential of wheat gains. To study the effect of the wheat variety, the aerodynamic properties of grains and yield on changes in membrane potential, we analyzed three indices: the resting potential level, time of variable potential rise to the maximum value and variable potential maximum value.Discussion and Conclusion. New informative indicators have been determined because of the two-way analysis of variance of the research results. These indicators reliably reflect the aerodynamic properties of seeds and can be used to predict yields. The use of the obtained results will allow agricultural enterprises and farms to determine the quality of post-harvest processing of wheat seeds, adjust the quality depending on the intended use, and evaluate and forecast the productivity of seeds.
介绍。春小麦产量在很大程度上取决于小麦品种、种子品质、栽培技术和农业气候等因素。人们发现,将小麦种子分成不同馏分可以提高收获后加工的质量,根据预期用途调整谷物的质量,并且将小麦籽粒分成不同馏分播种可以提高生产率。本文的目的是探讨小麦籽粒按其气动特性划分的籽粒壳上的膜电位,并将某些膜电位特征与这些籽粒的气动特性和所选品种的产量进行比较。材料与方法。这些种子分成不同的部分,具有不同的播种品质。生物缺陷的种子萌发指数较差。研究发现,将小麦种子分成不同组分有助于提高产量,但质量的主要指标仍是发芽和活力,因此,本文提出了一种确定小麦种子分成不同组分质量的方法。本文研究了小麦种子膜电位的变化,根据其空气动力学特性将其分成不同的部分。本文介绍了一种新型光滑表面夹紧电极测量小麦增益膜电位的实验结果。为研究小麦品种、籽粒气动特性和产量对膜电位变化的影响,分析了静息电位水平、变电位上升最大值时间和变电位最大值3个指标。讨论与结论。由于研究结果的双向方差分析,确定了新的信息指标。这些指标可靠地反映了种子的空气动力学特性,可用于预测产量。利用获得的结果将使农业企业和农场能够确定小麦种子收获后加工的质量,根据预期用途调整质量,并评估和预测种子的生产力。
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引用次数: 0
Identity Politics in the Context of Nation Building and Integration-Oriented Interaction: The Case of the Union State of Belarus and Russia 国家建设与一体化互动背景下的身份政治——以白俄罗斯与俄罗斯联盟国家为例
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.15507/2413-1407.113.028.202004.723-753
O. Bakhlova, I. Bakhlov
Introduction. In the processes of nation building and integration, it is particularly important to increase the consolidation potential of emerging communities through identity politics. The totality of challenges, threats and risks determines the need for a balanced combination of its dimensions, taking into account national and common interests of countries. In the post-Soviet space, the Union State of Belarus and Russia acts as a platform for dialogue. The aim of the study is to outline the contours of the construct of supranational identity within the framework of the Union State and to define the degree of its conjugation with the category of “national identityˮ in the discursive practices of the political leadership of Russia and Belarus.Materials and Methods. The study is based on official documents representing the specifics of interpretation of identity politics by the presidents of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus, as well as on materials associated with the functioning of the Union State. Content analysis, the comparative method, and scenario analysis were employed when examining the documents.Results. The research and expert assessments of the internal and external dimensions of the identity politics of the member states, as well as the basic and derived categories of the official discourse have been analyzed; the constants and dominants, similarities and differences in the stands of Russia and Belarus have been revealed. It has also been demonstrated that there has been no fundamental contradiction in their understanding of the priorities of nation and Union building. At the same time, disagreements on a number of topical issues have been identified. The leitmotif of the official discourse is giving absolute priority to sovereignty, which has an ambiguous effect on the course of the integration of Russia and Belarus.Discussion and Conclusion. The conducted study has confirmed the hypothesis that identity politics is multilevel for the states involved in integration-oriented interaction; at the current stage, it remains complex and incomplete. The states demonstrate prevalence of the internal dimension of identity politics and “restrictiveˮ perception of its external dimension, which affects the prospects for promoting the construct of “dualˮ identity. At the same time, the Union State remains an essential integration format for Russia from the geopolitical and civilizational perspective. The approach proposed by the authors and the results obtained, which articulate the correlation of tasks in terms of nation building and integration policy, may help to improve the efficiency of political governance.
介绍。在国家建设和一体化的过程中,通过身份政治增加新兴社区的巩固潜力尤为重要。挑战、威胁和风险的总量决定了我们需要兼顾各国的国家利益和共同利益,平衡处理各方面的问题。在后苏联时代,白俄罗斯和俄罗斯联盟充当了对话的平台。本研究的目的是在联盟国家的框架内勾勒出超国家认同的结构轮廓,并在俄罗斯和白俄罗斯政治领导层的话语实践中定义其与“民族认同”范畴的结合程度。材料与方法。这项研究的依据是代表俄罗斯联邦和白俄罗斯共和国总统对身份政治的具体解释的官方文件,以及与联盟国家运作有关的材料。在对文献进行审查时,采用了内容分析法、比较法和情景分析法。分析了成员国身份政治的内部和外部维度以及官方话语的基本和衍生类别的研究和专家评估;揭示了俄罗斯和白俄罗斯在立场上的共同点和优势,共同点和不同点。这也表明,他们对国家和联邦建设优先事项的理解并没有根本矛盾。与此同时,已经确定了在一些热门问题上的分歧。官方话语的主题是绝对优先考虑主权,这对俄罗斯和白俄罗斯一体化的进程产生了模糊的影响。讨论与结论。本研究证实了认同政治在整合导向互动中是多层次的假设;在当前阶段,这一机制仍然复杂而不完整。这些国家普遍存在身份政治的内部维度和对其外部维度的“限制性认知”,这影响了促进“双重身份”建构的前景。与此同时,从地缘政治和文明的角度来看,联盟国家仍然是俄罗斯必不可少的一体化形式。作者提出的方法和获得的结果阐明了国家建设和一体化政策方面任务的相关性,可能有助于提高政治治理的效率。
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引用次数: 2
Digitalization of Agricultural Machinery Rehabilitation 农业机械修复数字化
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.030.202004.711-722
L. Khoroshko, P. Kuznetsov
Introduction. The aim of the study is to develop the basic principles for digitalization of the processes of providing the diagnostics and repair of agricultural machinery.Materials and Methods. The specifics of agricultural machinery functioning are work in worst-on-worst operating conditions, such as significant abrasive contamination (soil particles, dust and other substances), operation in the conditions of exposure to natural climatic conditions, intensive use during the work shift and other factors that result in a regular need for testing and repairing. These factors significantly extend the time of maintenance and repair works. The study of the information environment for planning the distribution of agricultural machinery by repair enterprises has showed that the methods of this activity are not sufficiently developed. The authors propose a solution to the problem of rational distribution of agricultural machinery for repair and rehabilitation.Results. This article describes the main principles for developing structural relationships of databases used to find rational solutions for organizing repair and rehabilitation of agricultural machinery. Due to the fact that the solution of such a problem is time-consuming and is carried out under conditions that dynamically change over time, a mathematical model for the production environment of repair organizations is proposed, which is implemented by means of computer technology. The requirements for models describing the state of the production system of repair organizations are defined. A model of a generalized production system is proposed.Discussion and Conclusion. The model developed by the authors allows increasing the automation level of processes of distributing agricultural machinery by repair enterprises. The implementation of a new approach to planning repair works and distributing repairable agricultural machinery by repair enterprises will increase the efficiency of repair works, improve their quality parameters, reduce time, and optimize the structure of technological equipment of repair enterprises.
介绍。本研究的目的是发展农业机械诊断和维修过程数字化的基本原则。材料与方法。农业机械的具体功能是在最恶劣的操作条件下工作,例如严重的磨蚀性污染(土壤颗粒,灰尘和其他物质),在暴露于自然气候条件下的操作,在轮班期间的密集使用以及导致定期需要测试和修理的其他因素。这些因素大大延长了保养和维修工程的时间。对农业机械维修企业销售规划的信息环境研究表明,该活动的方法还不够完善。针对农机维修修复的合理配置问题,提出了解决方案。本文描述了开发数据库结构关系的主要原则,用于寻找组织农业机械维修和修复的合理解决方案。针对维修组织生产环境求解耗时长,且是在随时间动态变化的条件下进行的问题,提出了维修组织生产环境的数学模型,并利用计算机技术实现了该模型。定义了描述维修组织生产系统状态的模型需求。提出了广义生产系统的一个模型。讨论与结论。该模型可以提高农机维修企业配送过程的自动化水平。维修企业实施维修工程规划和可修农机配送的新思路,将提高维修工程的效率,改善维修质量参数,缩短维修时间,优化维修企业的工艺装备结构。
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引用次数: 6
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Engineering Technologies and Systems
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