Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.079-099
S. Velichko, A. Martynov, E. Martynova
Abstract Introduction. The bakery industry is an agricultural industry of high-level processing of raw materials focuses on the end-consumer. In the production of bakery products one of the operations of the technological process is performed by dough dividers of vacuumpiston type, whose service life is 30‒40% lower than the normative. The most promising method for restoration of worn parts of the suction mechanism is electrospark processing. When selecting the electrode material, it is important that they have not only low erosion resistance, but also high tribotechnical properties. Aim of the Article. The article deals with problem of selecting electric coatings to reduce wear of working surfaces of suction mechanism parts during repair of vacuum piston-type dough dividers. Materials and Methods. The analysis of the properties of electropark coatings was carried out by nondestructive testing methods using modern research equipment; the results were processed using the Compass-3D program. Results. There are determined the values of physical, mechanical, frictional and tribotechnical properties of electrospark coatings made of BrOS10-10 bronze and Kh15N60 alloy. The total wear rate for BrOS10-10 bronze coating was 8,3 ∙ 10‒12, and for Kh15N60 alloy 15 ∙ 10‒12. Discussion and Conclusion. Total wear rate on the friction machine of bronze coated samples is lower than that of basic friction pair in 1.4 times, and of alloy coated samples ‒ higher in 1.26 times. Adding of MODENGY solid-lubricant coating to the coating from the alloy reduces its abrasion ability by 3 times, and the total wear rate ‒ by 1.34 times in comparison with the base friction pair. The used calculation-experimental method showed low wear rate of electrospark coatings of bronze and alloy in relation to the material of parts of the suction mechanism of vacuum-piston-type dough dividing machines.
{"title":"Assessment of Tribotechnical Properties of Consolidated Materials Obtained by Electrospark Processing","authors":"S. Velichko, A. Martynov, E. Martynova","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.079-099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.079-099","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000Introduction. The bakery industry is an agricultural industry of high-level processing of raw materials focuses on the end-consumer. In the production of bakery products one of the operations of the technological process is performed by dough dividers of vacuumpiston type, whose service life is 30‒40% lower than the normative. The most promising method for restoration of worn parts of the suction mechanism is electrospark processing. When selecting the electrode material, it is important that they have not only low erosion resistance, but also high tribotechnical properties.\u0000Aim of the Article. The article deals with problem of selecting electric coatings to reduce wear of working surfaces of suction mechanism parts during repair of vacuum piston-type dough dividers.\u0000Materials and Methods. The analysis of the properties of electropark coatings was carried out by nondestructive testing methods using modern research equipment; the results were processed using the Compass-3D program.\u0000Results. There are determined the values of physical, mechanical, frictional and tribotechnical properties of electrospark coatings made of BrOS10-10 bronze and Kh15N60 alloy. The total wear rate for BrOS10-10 bronze coating was 8,3 ∙ 10‒12, and for Kh15N60 alloy 15 ∙ 10‒12.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. Total wear rate on the friction machine of bronze coated samples is lower than that of basic friction pair in 1.4 times, and of alloy coated samples ‒ higher in 1.26 times. Adding of MODENGY solid-lubricant coating to the coating from the alloy reduces its abrasion ability by 3 times, and the total wear rate ‒ by 1.34 times in comparison with the base friction pair. The used calculation-experimental method showed low wear rate of electrospark coatings of bronze and alloy in relation to the material of parts of the suction mechanism of vacuum-piston-type dough dividing machines.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88467199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.114-127
M. Prosviryakova, V. Storchevoy, N. Goryacheva, O. Mikhaylova, G. Novikova, Alecksandr V. Stotrchevoy
Introduction. From the analysis of hop dryers of different systems and designs follows the prospect of hop drying by complex influence of the energy of the electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency and convective heat. Aim of the Article. The article aims at developing a small-sized microwave convective hop dryer with justified parameters for intensive drying technology of freshly harvested hops. Materials and Methods. Taking into account the justified criteria for the design of a hop dryer and the analysis of existing resonators, there was proposed a methodology for the development of a hop dryer with an energy supply in an electromagnetic field, including requirements for structural design, operational and economic indicators, and technology. The electrodynamic parameters of the resonator were investigated according to the CST Studio 2017 program. Results. The dielectric parameters of hops are theoretically investigated and functional dependences on humidity at a frequency of 2,450 MHz are obtained. The dynamics of hop heating is investigated when its dielectric loss factor changes during the action of an ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field. There has been developed a design and technological scheme of a radio-hermetic microwave convective hop dryer of continuous flow action with tiered resonators for low-power agricultural enterprises. Resonators are arranged in tiers in the screening cylindrical housing: the first and third resonators are hemispherical, and the middle one is made in the form of an ellipsoid to ensure a high electric field strength. The transportation of raw materials takes place by rotating the discs in a gentle mode. Discussion and Conclusion. The expected specific energy costs of a hop dryer with a capacity of 12–13 kg/h at the microwave generator power of 4.0 kW for drying freshly harvested hops with a humidity of 76–82% to a humidity of 11–14% are 0.30–0.33 kWh/kg. The required electric field voltage of 2 kV/cm in all three resonators is provided, therefore, disinfection of raw materials occurs at a temperature of 65–70°C for 5–6 minutes of stay in three resonators. The intensity of moisture release from hop cones during endogenous convective heating increases 5–6 times compared to the convective drying method. The introduction of microwave drying technology using a convective method of evaporation and removal of moisture from the drying chamber reduces the duration of the process, saves valuable components of cones for brewing.
介绍。通过对不同系统和设计的啤酒花干燥机的分析,展望了超高频电磁场能量和对流热的复杂影响下啤酒花干燥的前景。文章的目的。本文旨在研制一种具有合理参数的小型微波对流啤酒花干燥机,用于新鲜采收啤酒花的集约干燥工艺。材料与方法。考虑到啤酒花干燥机设计的合理标准和对现有谐振器的分析,提出了一种开发具有电磁场能量供应的啤酒花干燥机的方法,包括结构设计、操作和经济指标以及技术要求。根据CST Studio 2017程序对谐振器的电动力学参数进行了研究。从理论上研究了酒花的介电参数,得到了在2450 MHz频率下酒花的介电参数与湿度的函数依赖关系。研究了超高频电磁场作用下啤酒花介质损耗因子变化时的加热动力学。提出了一种适用于小功率农业企业的层状谐振器连续流作用的无线密闭微波啤酒花对流干燥机的设计和工艺方案。谐振器在筛分筒壳内分层布置,第一、第三谐振器为半球形,中间谐振器为椭球状,保证了较高的电场强度。原料的运输是通过以温和的方式旋转圆盘进行的。讨论与结论。一台容量为12-13 kg/h的啤酒花干燥机,在4.0 kW的微波发电功率下,干燥湿度为76-82%至11-14%的新鲜收获的啤酒花,其预期比能量成本为0.30-0.33 kWh/kg。在三个谐振器中提供所需的2 kV/cm的电场电压,因此,在65-70°C的温度下对原料进行消毒,并在三个谐振器中停留5-6分钟。内源对流加热的啤酒花球果水分释放强度是对流干燥的5-6倍。微波干燥技术采用对流蒸发和去除干燥室中的水分的方法,减少了过程的持续时间,节省了用于酿造的有价值的锥体成分。
{"title":"Ultrahigh-Frequency Hop Dryer with Tiered Resonators","authors":"M. Prosviryakova, V. Storchevoy, N. Goryacheva, O. Mikhaylova, G. Novikova, Alecksandr V. Stotrchevoy","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.114-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.114-127","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. From the analysis of hop dryers of different systems and designs follows the prospect of hop drying by complex influence of the energy of the electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency and convective heat.\u0000Aim of the Article. The article aims at developing a small-sized microwave convective hop dryer with justified parameters for intensive drying technology of freshly harvested hops.\u0000Materials and Methods. Taking into account the justified criteria for the design of a hop dryer and the analysis of existing resonators, there was proposed a methodology for the development of a hop dryer with an energy supply in an electromagnetic field, including requirements for structural design, operational and economic indicators, and technology. The electrodynamic parameters of the resonator were investigated according to the CST Studio 2017 program.\u0000Results. The dielectric parameters of hops are theoretically investigated and functional dependences on humidity at a frequency of 2,450 MHz are obtained. The dynamics of hop heating is investigated when its dielectric loss factor changes during the action of an ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field. There has been developed a design and technological scheme of a radio-hermetic microwave convective hop dryer of continuous flow action with tiered resonators for low-power agricultural enterprises. Resonators are arranged in tiers in the screening cylindrical housing: the first and third resonators are hemispherical, and the middle one is made in the form of an ellipsoid to ensure a high electric field strength. The transportation of raw materials takes place by rotating the discs in a gentle mode.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The expected specific energy costs of a hop dryer with a capacity of 12–13 kg/h at the microwave generator power of 4.0 kW for drying freshly harvested hops with a humidity of 76–82% to a humidity of 11–14% are 0.30–0.33 kWh/kg. The required electric field voltage of 2 kV/cm in all three resonators is provided, therefore, disinfection of raw materials occurs at a temperature of 65–70°C for 5–6 minutes of stay in three resonators. The intensity of moisture release from hop cones during endogenous convective heating increases 5–6 times compared to the convective drying method. The introduction of microwave drying technology using a convective method of evaporation and removal of moisture from the drying chamber reduces the duration of the process, saves valuable components of cones for brewing.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82947542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.021-036
A. Nesmiyan, K. Dubina, Anastasiya P. Zhigailova
Introduction. The study of working processes of row crop seeders, their improvement, increase in productivity and (or) quality of work are topical agroengineering tasks. Aim of the Article. The article deals with developing proposals to optimize the design of vacuum mechanisms for row crop seeders based on the analysis of the laws of the process of dosing sunflower and corn seeds by suction holes of the seed discs. Materials and Methods. The operation characteristics of the vacuum seeding mechanism depend on the diameter of the suction holes and the rarefaction in the vacuum chamber. Hypothetically, it can be assumed that with a constant calculated value of the suction force, it is possible to choose a ratio of these characteristics in which the number of skips and group feeding of seeds will not exceed the tolerance of agro-requirements. Verification of this assumption was carried out experimentally in laboratory conditions. Results. There were found polynomials describing with a fair degree of accuracy the dependence of formation of group feedings of sunflower and corn seeds on the diameter of suction holes. Discussion and Conclusion. The frequency of group feeding of the seeds less than 0.05% will be achieved with suction hole diameters of about 0.8 mm for sunflower and about 1.9 mm for corn. In this case, the values of rarefaction in the vacuum chamber must be 31–56 kPa that exceeds the capabilities of the pneumatic systems of existing row seeders. Accordingly, the modernization of the seeding mechanisms of vacuum row seeders by reducing the diameter of the suction holes should be accompanied by additional improvements aimed at increasing their gripping ability.
{"title":"Influence of Suction Hole Diameter of Precision Seed Machine on the Characteristics of Feeding Corn and Sunflower Seeds","authors":"A. Nesmiyan, K. Dubina, Anastasiya P. Zhigailova","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.021-036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.021-036","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The study of working processes of row crop seeders, their improvement, increase in productivity and (or) quality of work are topical agroengineering tasks.\u0000Aim of the Article. The article deals with developing proposals to optimize the design of vacuum mechanisms for row crop seeders based on the analysis of the laws of the process of dosing sunflower and corn seeds by suction holes of the seed discs.\u0000Materials and Methods. The operation characteristics of the vacuum seeding mechanism depend on the diameter of the suction holes and the rarefaction in the vacuum chamber. Hypothetically, it can be assumed that with a constant calculated value of the suction force, it is possible to choose a ratio of these characteristics in which the number of skips and group feeding of seeds will not exceed the tolerance of agro-requirements. Verification of this assumption was carried out experimentally in laboratory conditions.\u0000Results. There were found polynomials describing with a fair degree of accuracy the dependence of formation of group feedings of sunflower and corn seeds on the diameter of suction holes.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The frequency of group feeding of the seeds less than 0.05% will be achieved with suction hole diameters of about 0.8 mm for sunflower and about 1.9 mm for corn. In this case, the values of rarefaction in the vacuum chamber must be 31–56 kPa that exceeds the capabilities of the pneumatic systems of existing row seeders. Accordingly, the modernization of the seeding mechanisms of vacuum row seeders by reducing the diameter of the suction holes should be accompanied by additional improvements aimed at increasing their gripping ability.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83284099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.037-051
Aleksey V. Aleshkin, S. Bulatov, V. Nechaev, S. Nizovtsev
Introduction. One of the main components in the diet of farm animals is concentrated feed, which in Russia is grinded by shredders. At the same time, in the final product, there is a high dust content, which can be reduced by using grinders with a different principle of grinding. The design of a milling shredder, in which grains are crushed by cutting, is proposed. Aim of the Article. The article presents theoretical studies of the influence of design and technological parameters of a milling shredder on the conditions of grain motion along the tooth of the working body. Materials and Methods. The theoretical study of the developed shredder was carried out using averaged acceleration methods. The tooth surface of the working organ was studied. Results. As a result of theoretical studies, equations describing the motion of a particle along the working body tooth surface were obtained. There has been developed a program to facilitate the process of analyzing the influence of the structural and technological parameters of the shredder on the process of particle motion along the tooth surface. Discussion and Conclusion. There is a directly proportional decrease in the time of motion of the particle along the working body tooth surface with increasing the angular velocity. At the same time, increasing the angle leads to the increase of the time of the particle along the tooth surface. The increase of angular velocity values leads to decreasing particle displacement along the axis. At the angle of 45° displacement along the axis is 1.1‒1.5 times less than at an angle of 70°. At high angular velocities, the moving along the axis is minimal. The analysis, given the need to create a smoother motion of the particle along the helical line, shows that the most rational will be the following values: angle 70° and angular velocity of the working body 185‒206 rad/s.
{"title":"Substantiation of the Structural and Technological Parameters of the Working Body of the Milling Grain Shredder","authors":"Aleksey V. Aleshkin, S. Bulatov, V. Nechaev, S. Nizovtsev","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.037-051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.037-051","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. One of the main components in the diet of farm animals is concentrated feed, which in Russia is grinded by shredders. At the same time, in the final product, there is a high dust content, which can be reduced by using grinders with a different principle of grinding. The design of a milling shredder, in which grains are crushed by cutting, is proposed.\u0000Aim of the Article. The article presents theoretical studies of the influence of design and technological parameters of a milling shredder on the conditions of grain motion along the tooth of the working body.\u0000Materials and Methods. The theoretical study of the developed shredder was carried out using averaged acceleration methods. The tooth surface of the working organ was studied.\u0000Results. As a result of theoretical studies, equations describing the motion of a particle along the working body tooth surface were obtained. There has been developed a program to facilitate the process of analyzing the influence of the structural and technological parameters of the shredder on the process of particle motion along the tooth surface.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. There is a directly proportional decrease in the time of motion of the particle along the working body tooth surface with increasing the angular velocity. At the same time, increasing the angle leads to the increase of the time of the particle along the tooth surface. The increase of angular velocity values leads to decreasing particle displacement along the axis. At the angle of 45° displacement along the axis is 1.1‒1.5 times less than at an angle of 70°. At high angular velocities, the moving along the axis is minimal. The analysis, given the need to create a smoother motion of the particle along the helical line, shows that the most rational will be the following values: angle 70° and angular velocity of the working body 185‒206 rad/s.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89553286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.490-503
A. Bezrukov, N. I. Naumkin, V. Kupryashkin, Vladimir V. Kupryashkin
Introduction. The paper considers the problem of improving the efficiency of self-propelled small-sized tillage cutters by adapting to changing environments, and in particular, to changing physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The aim of the research is to develop a methodology for designing self-propelled small-sized tillage cutters. Materials and Methods. The study used the basic provisions of the theory of mechanisms and machines and the design theory in mechanical engineering. The main attention is paid to the general scientific principle of adaptation in designing self-propelled small-sized tillage cutters. The authors understand this principle as the ability to automatically provide the required mode of machine operation in relation to the soil conditions. Results. The results presented in the article made it possible to propose a methodological approach to designing efficient self-propelled small-sized tillage cutters with an ability to adapt them to changing environments. The results of the study are a methodology for designing tillage cutters and a new technical solution for their adaptation to soil conditions. On the basis of patents for inventions and utility models, in which this method is implemented, there was developed a prototype tillage cutter, which automatically covers the full range of required operating modes. Discussion and Conclusion. Compared to the known tillage cutters, the proposed technical solution for the soil tillage cutter design allows improving the quality of soil tillage. This is due to the fact that the value of the kinematic index is in the required range, and the agrotechnical requirements for tillage are met.
{"title":"Methodological Basis for Designing Tillage Cutters","authors":"A. Bezrukov, N. I. Naumkin, V. Kupryashkin, Vladimir V. Kupryashkin","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.490-503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.490-503","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The paper considers the problem of improving the efficiency of self-propelled small-sized tillage cutters by adapting to changing environments, and in particular, to changing physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The aim of the research is to develop a methodology for designing self-propelled small-sized tillage cutters.\u0000Materials and Methods. The study used the basic provisions of the theory of mechanisms and machines and the design theory in mechanical engineering. The main attention is paid to the general scientific principle of adaptation in designing self-propelled small-sized tillage cutters. The authors understand this principle as the ability to automatically provide the required mode of machine operation in relation to the soil conditions.\u0000Results. The results presented in the article made it possible to propose a methodological approach to designing efficient self-propelled small-sized tillage cutters with an ability to adapt them to changing environments. The results of the study are a methodology for designing tillage cutters and a new technical solution for their adaptation to soil conditions. On the basis of patents for inventions and utility models, in which this method is implemented, there was developed a prototype tillage cutter, which automatically covers the full range of required operating modes.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. Compared to the known tillage cutters, the proposed technical solution for the soil tillage cutter design allows improving the quality of soil tillage. This is due to the fact that the value of the kinematic index is in the required range, and the agrotechnical requirements for tillage are met.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87661781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.520-538
P. Ionov, P. Senin, S. Pyanzov, N. Rakov, A. M. Zemskov
Introduction. Developing and adapting domestic technologies aimed at the maintenance and repair of foreign equipment is impossible without design documentation. The object of the study was the volumetric hydraulic drive Sauer-Danfoss of 90 series consisting of a hydraulic pump 90R100 and a hydraulic motor 90M100. The purpose of the study is to determine the nominal dimensions and permissible variations in dimensions of critical parts that affect efficiency of the foreign hydraulic drive. Materials and Methods. The first series of bench tests was devoted to finding the ranges of variation of significant factors influencing the volumetric efficiency. In the second series, there were constructed regression models and by using the steepest ascend method, there were determined the values of critical parts wear and clearances in the critical parts connections affecting efficiency of the hydraulic drive Sauer-Danfoss. The nominal values of dimensions and permissible variations in dimensions of the hydraulic drive critical parts were determined by the dimensional analysis method. Results. The bench tests made it possible to determine the ranges of changes in critical parts wear and clearances in the critical parts connections of volumetric hydraulic drives that affect the volumetric efficiency. There has been proposed and implemented a comprehensive approach to determining the nominal dimensions and permissible variations in dimensions of critical parts of foreign equipment units. This approach suggests a combination of experimental studies (bench tests) and the method of dimensional analysis. For the new volumetric hydraulic drive Sauer-Danfoss series 90 the following values are received: diameter of a hole in the cylinder block under the piston 22,7+0,006 mm, piston diameter 22,7–0,004 mm, diameter of a hole in the rear cover under the spool 9,5+0,004 mm, spool diameter 9,5–0,0025 mm. Discussion and Conclusion. There have been determined the nominal values of dimensions, permissible variations in dimensions of critical parts, and the values of technological clearances in the critical parts connections of the new volumetric hydraulic drive Sauer-Danfoss series 90 that affect its efficiency. The results obtained are the basis for the development of technology to restore the efficiency and increase the durability of the volumetric hydraulic drive units of foreign origin.
{"title":"Determination of Nominal Dimensions and Permissible Variations in Dimensions of Critical Parts of Foreign Machinery Units","authors":"P. Ionov, P. Senin, S. Pyanzov, N. Rakov, A. M. Zemskov","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.520-538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.520-538","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Developing and adapting domestic technologies aimed at the maintenance and repair of foreign equipment is impossible without design documentation. The object of the study was the volumetric hydraulic drive Sauer-Danfoss of 90 series consisting of a hydraulic pump 90R100 and a hydraulic motor 90M100. The purpose of the study is to determine the nominal dimensions and permissible variations in dimensions of critical parts that affect efficiency of the foreign hydraulic drive.\u0000Materials and Methods. The first series of bench tests was devoted to finding the ranges of variation of significant factors influencing the volumetric efficiency. In the second series, there were constructed regression models and by using the steepest ascend method, there were determined the values of critical parts wear and clearances in the critical parts connections affecting efficiency of the hydraulic drive Sauer-Danfoss. The nominal values of dimensions and permissible variations in dimensions of the hydraulic drive critical parts were determined by the dimensional analysis method.\u0000Results. The bench tests made it possible to determine the ranges of changes in critical parts wear and clearances in the critical parts connections of volumetric hydraulic drives that affect the volumetric efficiency. There has been proposed and implemented a comprehensive approach to determining the nominal dimensions and permissible variations in dimensions of critical parts of foreign equipment units. This approach suggests a combination of experimental studies (bench tests) and the method of dimensional analysis. For the new volumetric hydraulic drive Sauer-Danfoss series 90 the following values are received: diameter of a hole in the cylinder block under the piston 22,7+0,006 mm, piston diameter 22,7–0,004 mm, diameter of a hole in the rear cover under the spool 9,5+0,004 mm, spool diameter 9,5–0,0025 mm.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. There have been determined the nominal values of dimensions, permissible variations in dimensions of critical parts, and the values of technological clearances in the critical parts connections of the new volumetric hydraulic drive Sauer-Danfoss series 90 that affect its efficiency. The results obtained are the basis for the development of technology to restore the efficiency and increase the durability of the volumetric hydraulic drive units of foreign origin.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90574154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.539-551
M. Chatkin, Sergey Ye. Fedorov, A. A. Zhalnin, M. V. Bychkov
Introduction. At present, the use of combined machines and aggregates makes it possible to significantly reduce the time for tillage, while ensuring the required quality. Combining operations in these machines also reduces the impact of adverse weather conditions on the performance of technological processes. The use of combined machines makes it possible to fully load large tractors, especially on the land plot of a small area, where working with wide web units is difficult. The combination of technological operations is most advantageous for intensive farming in fields free of weeds. Therefore, the development of technologies and means of mechanization, which allow preparing soil with high quality and the least energy and material costs, is an important task. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficiency of a combined cultivator for surface tillage and improve the quality of its work. Materials and Methods. Based on numerous studies and requirements for tillage machines with elastic struts, a combined cultivator for surface tillage has been developed. To assess the efficiency and study the cultivator performance, a multifactorial experiment of the first order was conducted. Traction resistance of the cultivator section and soil crumbling (fraction size from 0 to 25 mm) were taken as optimization parameters. Results. The use of an experimental cultivator, in comparison with serial ones, allows reducing the tractive resistance by 10–15%, and improving the quality of soil crumbling by 5–6%. Discussion and Conclusion. The conducted experimental studies have proved the developed combined cultivator to be effective. The use of this cultivator leads to a reduction in energy consumption and improvement of the quality of tillage.
{"title":"Evaluating the Operational Efficiency of a Combined Tillage Cultivator","authors":"M. Chatkin, Sergey Ye. Fedorov, A. A. Zhalnin, M. V. Bychkov","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.539-551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.539-551","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. At present, the use of combined machines and aggregates makes it possible to significantly reduce the time for tillage, while ensuring the required quality. Combining operations in these machines also reduces the impact of adverse weather conditions on the performance of technological processes. The use of combined machines makes it possible to fully load large tractors, especially on the land plot of a small area, where working with wide web units is difficult. The combination of technological operations is most advantageous for intensive farming in fields free of weeds. Therefore, the development of technologies and means of mechanization, which allow preparing soil with high quality and the least energy and material costs, is an important task. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficiency of a combined cultivator for surface tillage and improve the quality of its work.\u0000Materials and Methods. Based on numerous studies and requirements for tillage machines with elastic struts, a combined cultivator for surface tillage has been developed. To assess the efficiency and study the cultivator performance, a multifactorial experiment of the first order was conducted. Traction resistance of the cultivator section and soil crumbling (fraction size from 0 to 25 mm) were taken as optimization parameters.\u0000Results. The use of an experimental cultivator, in comparison with serial ones, allows reducing the tractive resistance by 10–15%, and improving the quality of soil crumbling by 5–6%.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The conducted experimental studies have proved the developed combined cultivator to be effective. The use of this cultivator leads to a reduction in energy consumption and improvement of the quality of tillage.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78995920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.552-566
V. Dimitrov, L. Borisova, I. Nurutdinova
Introduction. The article presents the solution of the problem of identifying the subject area “Preliminary adjustment of the working elements of the combine harvester cutting unitˮ. The correct choice of parameter values of the cutting unit as the most important element of a combine harvester is one of the main conditions for providing high quality harvesting. It is the fact that defined the object of the present study. The aim of the study is to develop a method for adjusting the values of parameters of a combine harvester cutting unit for the harvested crop and harvesting conditions. Materials and Methods. Decisions on the values of technological parameters of the harvester, which is a complex hierarchical system, are made on the basis of information about the external environment and the machine technical state. The incoming data are quantitative, qualitative and evaluative in nature. Taking into account the heterogeneity and vagueness of the information, the decisions are made through using intelligent information systems, which are based on the fuzzy logic programming and use a linguistic approach to describe the subject area. This approach is used because of the complexity and ambiguity of the relationships between regulated parameters and external factors. Results. The subject area “Preliminary adjustment of the combine harvester cutting unit parametersˮ has been investigated. The formal-logical scheme for selecting the values of adjustable parameters of the combine harvester cutting unit is described in detail. The main factors influencing the values of the combine harvester cutting unit adjustable parameters are defined, their linguistic description is given, the corresponding input and output linguistic variables are introduced, and the membership functions are built on the basis of expert information. The agreement analysis of the presented information has been carried out and optimal models have been selected. A fuzzy knowledge base is created, on which the deductive inference of decisions is based. Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed approach and created fuzzy knowledge base can be used as the basis for an intelligent decision-making system for adjusting combine parameters. Using this system in the field in combination with sensors for continuous monitoring of harvesting conditions and an automated image analysis system will allow responding quickly to changing conditions, will significantly improve operational efficiency and reduce decision-making time.
{"title":"Method for Determining the Initial Values of the Adjustable Parameters of the Combine Harvester Cutting Unit","authors":"V. Dimitrov, L. Borisova, I. Nurutdinova","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.552-566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.552-566","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article presents the solution of the problem of identifying the subject area “Preliminary adjustment of the working elements of the combine harvester cutting unitˮ. The correct choice of parameter values of the cutting unit as the most important element of a combine harvester is one of the main conditions for providing high quality harvesting. It is the fact that defined the object of the present study. The aim of the study is to develop a method for adjusting the values of parameters of a combine harvester cutting unit for the harvested crop and harvesting conditions.\u0000Materials and Methods. Decisions on the values of technological parameters of the harvester, which is a complex hierarchical system, are made on the basis of information about the external environment and the machine technical state. The incoming data are quantitative, qualitative and evaluative in nature. Taking into account the heterogeneity and vagueness of the information, the decisions are made through using intelligent information systems, which are based on the fuzzy logic programming and use a linguistic approach to describe the subject area. This approach is used because of the complexity and ambiguity of the relationships between regulated parameters and external factors.\u0000Results. The subject area “Preliminary adjustment of the combine harvester cutting unit parametersˮ has been investigated. The formal-logical scheme for selecting the values of adjustable parameters of the combine harvester cutting unit is described in detail. The main factors influencing the values of the combine harvester cutting unit adjustable parameters are defined, their linguistic description is given, the corresponding input and output linguistic variables are introduced, and the membership functions are built on the basis of expert information. The agreement analysis of the presented information has been carried out and optimal models have been selected. A fuzzy knowledge base is created, on which the deductive inference of decisions is based.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed approach and created fuzzy knowledge base can be used as the basis for an intelligent decision-making system for adjusting combine parameters. Using this system in the field in combination with sensors for continuous monitoring of harvesting conditions and an automated image analysis system will allow responding quickly to changing conditions, will significantly improve operational efficiency and reduce decision-making time.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78594366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.600-612
P. P. Dolgikh
Introduction. Ensuring the required parameters and characteristics of electromagnetic radiation of lighting irradiation facilities for greenhouses is an important task to improve the efficiency of energy use and the characteristics of crop production. The aim of the work is to determine the effective operation mode of technological irradiation scheme with separation of energy flows in lighting systems of industrial greenhouses. Materials and Methods. In the developed model of the irradiation technological scheme, constructive decisions make it possible to divide the energy flows into components and to control these flows. It has been proposed that separate regulation of the voltage on the irradiator and the fan can be used to create conditions for changing the values of separate spectral lines of radiation in order to further assess the effect of these changes. Results. We obtained the results on the change of PPFD distribution depending on the voltage on the greenhouse irradiator from 198 to 242 V and the air temperature near the lamp from 38 to 47°C. The comparison of averaged PPFD values in the studied modes with the PPFD value in the nominal mode for these ranges allowed determining the mode at voltage 220 V and the air temperature near the lamp from 43 to 47°C as a rational for practical use in technological irradiation schemes with energy flows separation in the lighting systems of industrial greenhouses. Discussion and Conclusion. The development and application of rational modes for operation of greenhouse irradiators, taking into account the modes of network and lamp is the basis for greenhouse production with the use of alternative thermal energy.
{"title":"Rationale for the Application of the Technological Scheme of Irradiation with Separation of Energy Flows in the Lighting Systems of Industrial Greenhouses","authors":"P. P. Dolgikh","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.600-612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.600-612","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Ensuring the required parameters and characteristics of electromagnetic radiation of lighting irradiation facilities for greenhouses is an important task to improve the efficiency of energy use and the characteristics of crop production. The aim of the work is to determine the effective operation mode of technological irradiation scheme with separation of energy flows in lighting systems of industrial greenhouses.\u0000Materials and Methods. In the developed model of the irradiation technological scheme, constructive decisions make it possible to divide the energy flows into components and to control these flows. It has been proposed that separate regulation of the voltage on the irradiator and the fan can be used to create conditions for changing the values of separate spectral lines of radiation in order to further assess the effect of these changes.\u0000Results. We obtained the results on the change of PPFD distribution depending on the voltage on the greenhouse irradiator from 198 to 242 V and the air temperature near the lamp from 38 to 47°C. The comparison of averaged PPFD values in the studied modes with the PPFD value in the nominal mode for these ranges allowed determining the mode at voltage 220 V and the air temperature near the lamp from 43 to 47°C as a rational for practical use in technological irradiation schemes with energy flows separation in the lighting systems of industrial greenhouses.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The development and application of rational modes for operation of greenhouse irradiators, taking into account the modes of network and lamp is the basis for greenhouse production with the use of alternative thermal energy.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79939405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.567-587
Evgeny V. Truflyak, Mikhail S. Bukhartsev, Denis A. Sotnikov
Introduction. Today, a pressing problem is the lack of a comprehensive analysis of the impact of low-pressure tires on the growth and development of crops (dimension and mass characteristics of different plant parts, diseases, etc.), yield within the track and off the track using ground-based measurements, images from drones and from space. The aim of the work is to determine, using digital technology, remote and ground-based measurements, which element of yield structure and at which stage is most affected by tire pressure during the cultivation of winter barley. Materials and Methods. Above-ground monitoring of sprouts was carried out using standard methods of field testing. Remote monitoring of sprouts was carried out during the vegetation of winter barley by an unmanned aerial vehicle (Phantom 4 Pro, Mavic 2 Enterprise Dual) and by satellite images (OneSoil, SkyScout systems). Results. As a result of one year research the efficiency of low-pressure tires application in the cultivation of winter barley was proved. The results of comparing the efficiency of low-pressure tires with standard pressure tires show that when using low-pressure tires the biological yield increases by 4.4% and combine yield increases by 9.5%. Discussion and Conclusion. It was determined that tire pressure affects the growth and development of winter barley, the development of diseases, and crop yields. At the same time, the difference in indicators when the tire moves within the track and off the track is noticeable. Thus, the use of low pressure tires is an important issue of agricultural production intensification just like the use of modern technologies and technical means, highly productive varieties and hybrids, and plant protection means.
{"title":"Efficiency of Low-Pressure Tires in the Cultivation of Winter Barley","authors":"Evgeny V. Truflyak, Mikhail S. Bukhartsev, Denis A. Sotnikov","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.567-587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.567-587","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Today, a pressing problem is the lack of a comprehensive analysis of the impact of low-pressure tires on the growth and development of crops (dimension and mass characteristics of different plant parts, diseases, etc.), yield within the track and off the track using ground-based measurements, images from drones and from space. The aim of the work is to determine, using digital technology, remote and ground-based measurements, which element of yield structure and at which stage is most affected by tire pressure during the cultivation of winter barley.\u0000Materials and Methods. Above-ground monitoring of sprouts was carried out using standard methods of field testing. Remote monitoring of sprouts was carried out during the vegetation of winter barley by an unmanned aerial vehicle (Phantom 4 Pro, Mavic 2 Enterprise Dual) and by satellite images (OneSoil, SkyScout systems).\u0000Results. As a result of one year research the efficiency of low-pressure tires application in the cultivation of winter barley was proved. The results of comparing the efficiency of low-pressure tires with standard pressure tires show that when using low-pressure tires the biological yield increases by 4.4% and combine yield increases by 9.5%.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. It was determined that tire pressure affects the growth and development of winter barley, the development of diseases, and crop yields. At the same time, the difference in indicators when the tire moves within the track and off the track is noticeable. Thus, the use of low pressure tires is an important issue of agricultural production intensification just like the use of modern technologies and technical means, highly productive varieties and hybrids, and plant protection means.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82089977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}