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Assessment of Tribotechnical Properties of Consolidated Materials Obtained by Electrospark Processing 电火花加工固化材料摩擦学性能评价
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.079-099
S. Velichko, A. Martynov, E. Martynova
AbstractIntroduction. The bakery industry is an agricultural industry of high-level processing of raw materials focuses on the end-consumer. In the production of bakery products one of the operations of the technological process is performed by dough dividers of vacuumpiston type, whose service life is 30‒40% lower than the normative. The most promising method for restoration of worn parts of the suction mechanism is electrospark processing. When selecting the electrode material, it is important that they have not only low erosion resistance, but also high tribotechnical properties.Aim of the Article. The article deals with problem of selecting electric coatings to reduce wear of working surfaces of suction mechanism parts during repair of vacuum piston-type dough dividers.Materials and Methods. The analysis of the properties of electropark coatings was carried out by nondestructive testing methods using modern research equipment; the results were processed using the Compass-3D program.Results. There are determined the values of physical, mechanical, frictional and tribotechnical properties of electrospark coatings made of BrOS10-10 bronze and Kh15N60 alloy. The total wear rate for BrOS10-10 bronze coating was 8,3 ∙ 10‒12, and for Kh15N60 alloy 15 ∙ 10‒12.Discussion and Conclusion. Total wear rate on the friction machine of bronze coated samples is lower than that of basic friction pair in 1.4 times, and of alloy coated samples ‒ higher in 1.26 times. Adding of MODENGY solid-lubricant coating to the coating from the alloy reduces its abrasion ability by 3 times, and the total wear rate ‒ by 1.34 times in comparison with the base friction pair. The used calculation-experimental method showed low wear rate of electrospark coatings of bronze and alloy in relation to the material of parts of the suction mechanism of vacuum-piston-type dough dividing machines.
AbstractIntroduction。烘焙业是面向终端消费者的高水平原料加工的农业产业。在烘焙产品的生产中,工艺过程中的一个操作是由真空活塞式分面团机进行的,其使用寿命比规范低30-40%。修复吸入机构磨损部件最有前途的方法是电火花处理。在选择电极材料时,重要的是它们不仅具有低耐蚀性,而且具有高摩擦技术性能。文章的目的。本文论述了在真空活塞式分面机维修过程中,为减少抽吸机构零件工作表面磨损而选用电镀层的问题。材料与方法。利用现代研究设备,采用无损检测方法对电镀镀层的性能进行了分析;使用Compass-3D程序对结果进行处理。测定了由BrOS10-10青铜和Kh15N60合金制成的电火花涂层的物理、机械、摩擦和摩擦技术性能值。BrOS10-10青铜涂层的总磨损率为8.3∙10-12,Kh15N60合金涂层的总磨损率为15∙10-12。讨论与结论。镀铜试样的摩擦机总磨损率比基本摩擦副低1.4倍,合金涂层试样的摩擦机总磨损率高1.26倍。在合金涂层中加入MODENGY固体润滑剂涂层,其耐磨性比基本摩擦副降低了3倍,总磨损率比基本摩擦副降低了1.34倍。采用计算-实验相结合的方法研究了真空活塞式分面团机抽吸机构部件的材料对青铜和合金电火花涂层磨损率的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Ultrahigh-Frequency Hop Dryer with Tiered Resonators 带有分层谐振器的超高频酒花干燥机
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.114-127
M. Prosviryakova, V. Storchevoy, N. Goryacheva, O. Mikhaylova, G. Novikova, Alecksandr V. Stotrchevoy
Introduction. From the analysis of hop dryers of different systems and designs follows the prospect of hop drying by complex influence of the energy of the electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency and convective heat.Aim of the Article. The article aims at developing a small-sized microwave convective hop dryer with justified parameters for intensive drying technology of freshly harvested hops.Materials and Methods. Taking into account the justified criteria for the design of a hop dryer and the analysis of existing resonators, there was proposed a methodology for the development of a hop dryer with an energy supply in an electromagnetic field, including requirements for structural design, operational and economic indicators, and technology. The electrodynamic parameters of the resonator were investigated according to the CST Studio 2017 program.Results. The dielectric parameters of hops are theoretically investigated and functional dependences on humidity at a frequency of 2,450 MHz are obtained. The dynamics of hop heating is investigated when its dielectric loss factor changes during the action of an ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field. There has been developed a design and technological scheme of a radio-hermetic microwave convective hop dryer of continuous flow action with tiered resonators for low-power agricultural enterprises. Resonators are arranged in tiers in the screening cylindrical housing: the first and third resonators are hemispherical, and the middle one is made in the form of an ellipsoid to ensure a high electric field strength. The transportation of raw materials takes place by rotating the discs in a gentle mode.Discussion and Conclusion. The expected specific energy costs of a hop dryer with a capacity of 12–13 kg/h at the microwave generator power of 4.0 kW for drying freshly harvested hops with a humidity of 76–82% to a humidity of 11–14% are 0.30–0.33 kWh/kg. The required electric field voltage of 2 kV/cm in all three resonators is provided, therefore, disinfection of raw materials occurs at a temperature of 65–70°C for 5–6 minutes of stay in three resonators. The intensity of moisture release from hop cones during endogenous convective heating increases 5–6 times compared to the convective drying method. The introduction of microwave drying technology using a convective method of evaporation and removal of moisture from the drying chamber reduces the duration of the process, saves valuable components of cones for brewing.
介绍。通过对不同系统和设计的啤酒花干燥机的分析,展望了超高频电磁场能量和对流热的复杂影响下啤酒花干燥的前景。文章的目的。本文旨在研制一种具有合理参数的小型微波对流啤酒花干燥机,用于新鲜采收啤酒花的集约干燥工艺。材料与方法。考虑到啤酒花干燥机设计的合理标准和对现有谐振器的分析,提出了一种开发具有电磁场能量供应的啤酒花干燥机的方法,包括结构设计、操作和经济指标以及技术要求。根据CST Studio 2017程序对谐振器的电动力学参数进行了研究。从理论上研究了酒花的介电参数,得到了在2450 MHz频率下酒花的介电参数与湿度的函数依赖关系。研究了超高频电磁场作用下啤酒花介质损耗因子变化时的加热动力学。提出了一种适用于小功率农业企业的层状谐振器连续流作用的无线密闭微波啤酒花对流干燥机的设计和工艺方案。谐振器在筛分筒壳内分层布置,第一、第三谐振器为半球形,中间谐振器为椭球状,保证了较高的电场强度。原料的运输是通过以温和的方式旋转圆盘进行的。讨论与结论。一台容量为12-13 kg/h的啤酒花干燥机,在4.0 kW的微波发电功率下,干燥湿度为76-82%至11-14%的新鲜收获的啤酒花,其预期比能量成本为0.30-0.33 kWh/kg。在三个谐振器中提供所需的2 kV/cm的电场电压,因此,在65-70°C的温度下对原料进行消毒,并在三个谐振器中停留5-6分钟。内源对流加热的啤酒花球果水分释放强度是对流干燥的5-6倍。微波干燥技术采用对流蒸发和去除干燥室中的水分的方法,减少了过程的持续时间,节省了用于酿造的有价值的锥体成分。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Suction Hole Diameter of Precision Seed Machine on the Characteristics of Feeding Corn and Sunflower Seeds 精密播种机吸孔直径对玉米、葵花籽饲喂特性的影响
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.021-036
A. Nesmiyan, K. Dubina, Anastasiya P. Zhigailova
Introduction. The study of working processes of row crop seeders, their improvement, increase in productivity and (or) quality of work are topical agroengineering tasks.Aim of the Article. The article deals with developing proposals to optimize the design of vacuum mechanisms for row crop seeders based on the analysis of the laws of the process of dosing sunflower and corn seeds by suction holes of the seed discs.Materials and Methods. The operation characteristics of the vacuum seeding mechanism depend on the diameter of the suction holes and the rarefaction in the vacuum chamber. Hypothetically, it can be assumed that with a constant calculated value of the suction force, it is possible to choose a ratio of these characteristics in which the number of skips and group feeding of seeds will not exceed the tolerance of agro-requirements. Verification of this assumption was carried out experimentally in laboratory conditions.Results. There were found polynomials describing with a fair degree of accuracy the dependence of formation of group feedings of sunflower and corn seeds on the diameter of suction holes.Discussion and Conclusion. The frequency of group feeding of the seeds less than 0.05% will be achieved with suction hole diameters of about 0.8 mm for sunflower and about 1.9 mm for corn. In this case, the values of rarefaction in the vacuum chamber must be 31–56 kPa that exceeds the capabilities of the pneumatic systems of existing row seeders. Accordingly, the modernization of the seeding mechanisms of vacuum row seeders by reducing the diameter of the suction holes should be accompanied by additional improvements aimed at increasing their gripping ability.
介绍。研究行播机的工作过程,改进它们,提高生产力和(或)工作质量是农业工程的热门任务。文章的目的。本文在分析向日葵和玉米种子盘吸孔加药过程规律的基础上,提出了对行播机真空机构优化设计的发展建议。材料与方法。真空播种机构的工作特性取决于抽吸孔的直径和真空室的稀薄度。假设,在吸力计算值恒定的情况下,可以在这些特性中选择一个比值,使种子的跳投次数和分组投喂次数不超过农业需求的容忍度。在实验室条件下对这一假设进行了实验验证。发现了多项式,较准确地描述了向日葵和玉米种子群食的形成与吸气孔直径的关系。讨论与结论。葵花的吸孔直径约为0.8 mm,玉米的吸孔直径约为1.9 mm,可实现小于0.05%的种子群喂频率。在这种情况下,真空室的稀薄值必须为31-56 kPa,这超过了现有排播机气动系统的能力。因此,通过减小抽吸孔直径来实现真空排播机播种机播种机现代化的同时,还应进行旨在提高抽吸孔抓握能力的额外改进。
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引用次数: 0
Substantiation of the Structural and Technological Parameters of the Working Body of the Milling Grain Shredder 磨粒碎纸机工作体结构及工艺参数的确定
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.037-051
Aleksey V. Aleshkin, S. Bulatov, V. Nechaev, S. Nizovtsev
Introduction. One of the main components in the diet of farm animals is concentrated feed, which in Russia is grinded by shredders. At the same time, in the final product, there is a high dust content, which can be reduced by using grinders with a different principle of grinding. The design of a milling shredder, in which grains are crushed by cutting, is proposed.Aim of the Article. The article presents theoretical studies of the influence of design and technological parameters of a milling shredder on the conditions of grain motion along the tooth of the working body.Materials and Methods. The theoretical study of the developed shredder was carried out using averaged acceleration methods. The tooth surface of the working organ was studied.Results. As a result of theoretical studies, equations describing the motion of a particle along the working body tooth surface were obtained. There has been developed a program to facilitate the process of analyzing the influence of the structural and technological parameters of the shredder on the process of particle motion along the tooth surface.Discussion and Conclusion. There is a directly proportional decrease in the time of motion of the particle along the working body tooth surface with increasing the angular velocity. At the same time, increasing the angle leads to the increase of the time of the particle along the tooth surface. The increase of angular velocity values leads to decreasing particle displacement along the axis. At the angle of 45° displacement along the axis is 1.1‒1.5 times less than at an angle of 70°. At high angular velocities, the moving along the axis is minimal. The analysis, given the need to create a smoother motion of the particle along the helical line, shows that the most rational will be the following values: angle 70° and angular velocity of the working body 185‒206 rad/s.
介绍。农场动物饲料的主要成分之一是浓缩饲料,在俄罗斯,浓缩饲料是用粉碎机磨碎的。同时,在最终产品中,粉尘含量较高,可以通过使用不同研磨原理的研磨机来降低。提出了一种磨碎碎纸机的设计方案,在该碎纸机中,谷物通过切割被粉碎。文章的目的。本文从理论上研究了粉碎机的设计参数和工艺参数对颗粒沿工作体齿部运动条件的影响。材料与方法。采用平均加速度法对所研制的碎纸机进行了理论研究。对工作器官的齿面进行了研究。通过理论研究,得到了质点沿工作体齿面运动的方程。为了便于分析碎纸机结构参数和工艺参数对颗粒沿齿面运动过程的影响,开发了一个程序。讨论与结论。随着角速度的增大,质点沿工作体齿面的运动时间成正比地减小。同时,角度的增加导致颗粒沿齿面运动时间的增加。角速度值的增加导致质点沿轴方向的位移减小。在45°角时,沿轴位移比70°角时小1.1-1.5倍。在高角速度下,沿轴的移动是最小的。考虑到需要在螺旋线上创造一个更平滑的粒子运动,分析表明,最合理的值是以下值:角70°和工作体的角速度185-206 rad/s。
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引用次数: 0
Methodological Basis for Designing Tillage Cutters 耕作切割器设计的方法学基础
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.490-503
A. Bezrukov, N. I. Naumkin, V. Kupryashkin, Vladimir V. Kupryashkin
Introduction. The paper considers the problem of improving the efficiency of self-propelled small-sized tillage cutters by adapting to changing environments, and in particular, to changing physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The aim of the research is to develop a methodology for designing self-propelled small-sized tillage cutters.Materials and Methods. The study used the basic provisions of the theory of mechanisms and machines and the design theory in mechanical engineering. The main attention is paid to the general scientific principle of adaptation in designing self-propelled small-sized tillage cutters. The authors understand this principle as the ability to automatically provide the required mode of machine operation in relation to the soil conditions.Results. The results presented in the article made it possible to propose a methodological approach to designing efficient self-propelled small-sized tillage cutters with an ability to adapt them to changing environments. The results of the study are a methodology for designing tillage cutters and a new technical solution for their adaptation to soil conditions. On the basis of patents for inventions and utility models, in which this method is implemented, there was developed a prototype tillage cutter, which automatically covers the full range of required operating modes.Discussion and Conclusion. Compared to the known tillage cutters, the proposed technical solution for the soil tillage cutter design allows improving the quality of soil tillage. This is due to the fact that the value of the kinematic index is in the required range, and the agrotechnical requirements for tillage are met.
介绍。本文研究了自行式小型耕作切割机如何适应不断变化的环境,特别是土壤物理力学性质的变化,从而提高其效率的问题。本研究的目的是开发一种设计自走式小型耕作切割机的方法。材料与方法。本研究运用了机械工程中的机构理论和设计理论的基本规定。在设计自走式小型切割机时,主要注意适应的一般科学原理。作者将这一原理理解为根据土壤条件自动提供所需的机器操作模式的能力。文章中提出的结果使我们有可能提出一种方法来设计高效的自行式小型耕作切割机,并使其能够适应不断变化的环境。研究结果为切割机的设计提供了一种新的方法,并为其适应土壤条件提供了一种新的技术解决方案。在实施该方法的发明专利和实用新型专利的基础上,开发了一种原型耕作切割机,该切割机可自动覆盖所需的全部工作模式。讨论与结论。与已知的耕作切割器相比,提出的土壤耕作切割器设计技术方案可以提高土壤耕作质量。这是由于运动学指标值在要求范围内,满足了耕作的农业技术要求。
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引用次数: 0
Determination of Nominal Dimensions and Permissible Variations in Dimensions of Critical Parts of Foreign Machinery Units 国外机械装置关键部件标称尺寸和允许尺寸变化的测定
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.520-538
P. Ionov, P. Senin, S. Pyanzov, N. Rakov, A. M. Zemskov
Introduction. Developing and adapting domestic technologies aimed at the maintenance and repair of foreign equipment is impossible without design documentation. The object of the study was the volumetric hydraulic drive Sauer-Danfoss of 90 series consisting of a hydraulic pump 90R100 and a hydraulic motor 90M100. The purpose of the study is to determine the nominal dimensions and permissible variations in dimensions of critical parts that affect efficiency of the foreign hydraulic drive.Materials and Methods. The first series of bench tests was devoted to finding the ranges of variation of significant factors influencing the volumetric efficiency. In the second series, there were constructed regression models and by using the steepest ascend method, there were determined the values of critical parts wear and clearances in the critical parts connections affecting efficiency of the hydraulic drive Sauer-Danfoss. The nominal values of dimensions and permissible variations in dimensions of the hydraulic drive critical parts were determined by the dimensional analysis method.Results. The bench tests made it possible to determine the ranges of changes in critical parts wear and clearances in the critical parts connections of volumetric hydraulic drives that affect the volumetric efficiency. There has been proposed and implemented a comprehensive approach to determining the nominal dimensions and permissible variations in dimensions of critical parts of foreign equipment units. This approach suggests a combination of experimental studies (bench tests) and the method of dimensional analysis. For the new volumetric hydraulic drive Sauer-Danfoss series 90 the following values are received: diameter of a hole in the cylinder block under the piston 22,7+0,006 mm, piston diameter 22,7–0,004 mm, diameter of a hole in the rear cover under the spool 9,5+0,004 mm, spool diameter 9,5–0,0025 mm.Discussion and Conclusion. There have been determined the nominal values of dimensions, permissible variations in dimensions of critical parts, and the values of technological clearances in the critical parts connections of the new volumetric hydraulic drive Sauer-Danfoss series 90 that affect its efficiency. The results obtained are the basis for the development of technology to restore the efficiency and increase the durability of the volumetric hydraulic drive units of foreign origin.
介绍。在没有设计文件的情况下,开发和采用旨在维护和修理外国设备的国内技术是不可能的。研究对象是由液压泵90R100和液压马达90M100组成的绍尔-丹佛斯90系列容积式液压驱动器。研究的目的是确定影响国外液压传动效率的关键部件的公称尺寸和允许尺寸变化。材料与方法。第一系列台架试验致力于找出影响容积效率的重要因素的变化范围。在第二系列中,构建回归模型,采用最陡上升法确定影响液压传动效率的关键零件磨损和关键零件连接处的间隙值。采用尺寸分析法确定了液压传动关键部件的尺寸标称值和尺寸允许偏差。台架试验可以确定影响容积式液压传动效率的关键部件磨损和关键部件连接间隙的变化范围。已经提出并实施了一项综合办法,以确定外国设备装置关键部件的标称尺寸和允许的尺寸变化。这种方法建议将实验研究(台架试验)和量纲分析方法相结合。对于新型容积式液压驱动Sauer-Danfoss系列90,得到以下值:活塞下缸体孔直径22,7+ 0.006 mm,活塞直径22,7 - 0.004 mm,阀芯下后盖孔直径9,5+ 0.004 mm,阀芯直径9,5 - 0.0025 mm。讨论与结论已经确定了影响绍尔-丹佛斯90系列新型容积式液压传动效率的尺寸标称值、关键部件的允许尺寸变化以及关键部件连接处的技术间隙值。所得结果为国外容积式液压传动装置恢复效率和提高耐久性的技术开发提供了依据。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the Operational Efficiency of a Combined Tillage Cultivator 联合耕作机作业效率评价
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.539-551
M. Chatkin, Sergey Ye. Fedorov, A. A. Zhalnin, M. V. Bychkov
Introduction. At present, the use of combined machines and aggregates makes it possible to significantly reduce the time for tillage, while ensuring the required quality. Combining operations in these machines also reduces the impact of adverse weather conditions on the performance of technological processes. The use of combined machines makes it possible to fully load large tractors, especially on the land plot of a small area, where working with wide web units is difficult. The combination of technological operations is most advantageous for intensive farming in fields free of weeds. Therefore, the development of technologies and means of mechanization, which allow preparing soil with high quality and the least energy and material costs, is an important task. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficiency of a combined cultivator for surface tillage and improve the quality of its work.Materials and Methods. Based on numerous studies and requirements for tillage machines with elastic struts, a combined cultivator for surface tillage has been developed. To assess the efficiency and study the cultivator performance, a multifactorial experiment of the first order was conducted. Traction resistance of the cultivator section and soil crumbling (fraction size from 0 to 25 mm) were taken as optimization parameters.Results. The use of an experimental cultivator, in comparison with serial ones, allows reducing the tractive resistance by 10–15%, and improving the quality of soil crumbling by 5–6%.Discussion and Conclusion. The conducted experimental studies have proved the developed combined cultivator to be effective. The use of this cultivator leads to a reduction in energy consumption and improvement of the quality of tillage.
介绍。目前,联合机器和集料的使用可以显著减少耕作时间,同时保证所需的质量。这些机器的联合操作也减少了恶劣天气条件对工艺过程性能的影响。使用联合机器可以使大型拖拉机满载,特别是在小面积的土地上,在那里使用广域网单位是困难的。技术操作的结合对无杂草田地的精耕细作最为有利。因此,发展机械化技术和手段,使制土质量高,能源和物质成本最低,是一项重要任务。本研究的目的是评价联合耕耘机在地面耕作中的效率,提高其工作质量。材料与方法。根据对弹性支撑耕作机械的大量研究和需求,研制了一种用于地面耕作的联合耕作机。为了评价栽培效率和研究栽培性能,进行了一级多因子试验。以耕层牵引阻力和土壤破碎(粒径0 ~ 25 mm)为优化参数。与系列耕耘机相比,试验耕耘机的使用可使牵引阻力降低10-15%,土壤破碎质量提高5-6%。讨论与结论。试验研究表明,所研制的联合耕耘机是有效的。使用这种耕耘机可以降低能耗,提高耕作质量。
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引用次数: 0
Method for Determining the Initial Values of the Adjustable Parameters of the Combine Harvester Cutting Unit 联合收割机切割装置可调参数初始值的确定方法
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.552-566
V. Dimitrov, L. Borisova, I. Nurutdinova
Introduction. The article presents the solution of the problem of identifying the subject area “Preliminary adjustment of the working elements of the combine harvester cutting unitˮ. The correct choice of parameter values of the cutting unit as the most important element of a combine harvester is one of the main conditions for providing high quality harvesting. It is the fact that defined the object of the present study. The aim of the study is to develop a method for adjusting the values of parameters of a combine harvester cutting unit for the harvested crop and harvesting conditions.Materials and Methods. Decisions on the values of technological parameters of the harvester, which is a complex hierarchical system, are made on the basis of information about the external environment and the machine technical state. The incoming data are quantitative, qualitative and evaluative in nature. Taking into account the heterogeneity and vagueness of the information, the decisions are made through using intelligent information systems, which are based on the fuzzy logic programming and use a linguistic approach to describe the subject area. This approach is used because of the complexity and ambiguity of the relationships between regulated parameters and external factors.Results. The subject area “Preliminary adjustment of the combine harvester cutting unit parametersˮ has been investigated. The formal-logical scheme for selecting the values of adjustable parameters of the combine harvester cutting unit is described in detail. The main factors influencing the values of the combine harvester cutting unit adjustable parameters are defined, their linguistic description is given, the corresponding input and output linguistic variables are introduced, and the membership functions are built on the basis of expert information. The agreement analysis of the presented information has been carried out and optimal models have been selected. A fuzzy knowledge base is created, on which the deductive inference of decisions is based.Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed approach and created fuzzy knowledge base can be used as the basis for an intelligent decision-making system for adjusting combine parameters. Using this system in the field in combination with sensors for continuous monitoring of harvesting conditions and an automated image analysis system will allow responding quickly to changing conditions, will significantly improve operational efficiency and reduce decision-making time.
介绍。本文提出了“联合收割机切割装置工作元件初步调整”课题领域确定问题的解决方法。作为联合收割机最重要的部件,切割装置参数值的正确选择是提供高质量收获的主要条件之一。这一事实确定了本研究的对象。本研究的目的是开发一种针对收获作物和收获条件调整联合收割机切割单元参数值的方法。材料与方法。收割机是一个复杂的分层系统,其工艺参数的取值是根据外界环境和机器技术状态的信息来确定的。输入的数据具有定量、定性和评价性质。考虑到信息的异构性和模糊性,采用基于模糊逻辑规划的智能信息系统进行决策,并使用语言方法描述主题领域。采用这种方法的原因是调节参数与外部因素之间关系的复杂性和模糊性。对“联合收割机切割装置参数的初步调整”这一课题进行了研究。详细介绍了联合收割机切割装置可调参数取值的形式逻辑方案。定义了影响联合收割机切割单元可调参数取值的主要因素,给出了其语言描述,引入了相应的输入和输出语言变量,并在专家信息的基础上建立了隶属函数。对所提供的信息进行了一致性分析,并选择了最优模型。建立了一个模糊知识库,在此基础上进行决策的演绎推理。讨论与结论。所提出的方法和建立的模糊知识库可作为组合参数调整智能决策系统的基础。在现场使用该系统,结合传感器连续监测收获条件和自动图像分析系统,可以快速响应不断变化的条件,将显著提高作业效率,缩短决策时间。
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引用次数: 0
Rationale for the Application of the Technological Scheme of Irradiation with Separation of Energy Flows in the Lighting Systems of Industrial Greenhouses 能量流分离照射技术方案在工业温室照明系统中应用的理论基础
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.600-612
P. P. Dolgikh
Introduction. Ensuring the required parameters and characteristics of electromagnetic radiation of lighting irradiation facilities for greenhouses is an important task to improve the efficiency of energy use and the characteristics of crop production. The aim of the work is to determine the effective operation mode of technological irradiation scheme with separation of energy flows in lighting systems of industrial greenhouses.Materials and Methods. In the developed model of the irradiation technological scheme, constructive decisions make it possible to divide the energy flows into components and to control these flows. It has been proposed that separate regulation of the voltage on the irradiator and the fan can be used to create conditions for changing the values of separate spectral lines of radiation in order to further assess the effect of these changes.Results. We obtained the results on the change of PPFD distribution depending on the voltage on the greenhouse irradiator from 198 to 242 V and the air temperature near the lamp from 38 to 47°C. The comparison of averaged PPFD values in the studied modes with the PPFD value in the nominal mode for these ranges allowed determining the mode at voltage 220 V and the air temperature near the lamp from 43 to 47°C as a rational for practical use in technological irradiation schemes with energy flows separation in the lighting systems of industrial greenhouses.Discussion and Conclusion. The development and application of rational modes for operation of greenhouse irradiators, taking into account the modes of network and lamp is the basis for greenhouse production with the use of alternative thermal energy.
介绍。保证温室照明照射设施所需的电磁辐射参数和特性,是提高能源利用效率和作物生产特性的重要任务。本工作的目的是确定工业温室照明系统中具有能量流分离的技术照射方案的有效运行模式。材料与方法。在已开发的辐照技术方案模型中,建设性的决策使得将能量流划分为组件并控制这些流成为可能。有人提出,可以分别调节辐照器和风扇上的电压,为改变单独的辐射谱线的值创造条件,以便进一步评估这些变化的影响。我们得到了温室辐射器上电压从198到242 V,灯附近空气温度从38到47℃时PPFD分布变化的结果。将所研究模式下的平均PPFD值与这些范围内标称模式下的PPFD值进行比较,可以确定电压为220 V时的模式以及灯附近的空气温度为43至47°C,这是工业温室照明系统中具有能量流分离的技术照射方案的实际应用的合理选择。讨论与结论。开发和应用合理的温室辐射器运行模式,兼顾网络模式和灯模式,是温室生产利用替代热能的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Efficiency of Low-Pressure Tires in the Cultivation of Winter Barley 低压轮胎在冬大麦栽培中的应用效果
IF 0.3 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.032.202204.567-587
Evgeny V. Truflyak, Mikhail S. Bukhartsev, Denis A. Sotnikov
Introduction. Today, a pressing problem is the lack of a comprehensive analysis of the impact of low-pressure tires on the growth and development of crops (dimension and mass characteristics of different plant parts, diseases, etc.), yield within the track and off the track using ground-based measurements, images from drones and from space. The aim of the work is to determine, using digital technology, remote and ground-based measurements, which element of yield structure and at which stage is most affected by tire pressure during the cultivation of winter barley.Materials and Methods. Above-ground monitoring of sprouts was carried out using standard methods of field testing. Remote monitoring of sprouts was carried out during the vegetation of winter barley by an unmanned aerial vehicle (Phantom 4 Pro, Mavic 2 Enterprise Dual) and by satellite images (OneSoil, SkyScout systems).Results. As a result of one year research the efficiency of low-pressure tires application in the cultivation of winter barley was proved. The results of comparing the efficiency of low-pressure tires with standard pressure tires show that when using low-pressure tires the biological yield increases by 4.4% and combine yield increases by 9.5%.Discussion and Conclusion. It was determined that tire pressure affects the growth and development of winter barley, the development of diseases, and crop yields. At the same time, the difference in indicators when the tire moves within the track and off the track is noticeable. Thus, the use of low pressure tires is an important issue of agricultural production intensification just like the use of modern technologies and technical means, highly productive varieties and hybrids, and plant protection means.
介绍。如今,一个紧迫的问题是缺乏对低压轮胎对作物生长发育的影响(不同植物部位的尺寸和质量特征、病害等)、利用地面测量、无人机和太空图像对赛道内和赛道外产量的全面分析。这项工作的目的是利用数字技术,远程和地面测量,确定在冬大麦种植过程中,产量结构的哪个要素和哪个阶段受轮胎压力影响最大。材料与方法。采用标准的田间试验方法对芽苗菜进行地上监测。利用无人机(Phantom 4 Pro, Mavic 2 Enterprise Dual)和卫星图像(OneSoil, SkyScout系统)对冬大麦生长期间的芽进行了远程监测。经过一年的研究,证明了低压轮胎在冬大麦栽培中的应用效果。低压轮胎与标准压力轮胎的效率比较结果表明,使用低压轮胎时,生物产量提高4.4%,组合产量提高9.5%。讨论与结论。结果表明,胎压对冬大麦的生长发育、病害的发生和产量均有影响。同时,轮胎在赛道内和赛道外运动时的指标差异是明显的。因此,低压轮胎的使用与现代技术和技术手段、高产品种和杂交品种、植物保护手段的使用一样,是农业生产集约化的重要问题。
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Engineering Technologies and Systems
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