Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.071-089
A. S. Ulanov, V. Kupryashkin, N. I. Naumkin, S. Timokhin, A. Gusev, Vladimir V. Kupryashkin
Introduction. The development of agricultural production technical support implies the creation of new working tools and machines for soil treatment, and their improvement and research. This process is continuously associated with the use of soil channels and experimental facilities that help to determine the nature of interaction of working elements and wheeled drivers of agricultural machinery, including means of small-scale mechanization, with the soil. The purpose of this study is to provide the rationale for the design of the stand for testing the working elements of tillage units and wheels of transport and technological machines in the agro-industrial complex. Materials and Methods. In order to obtain reliable experimental data on the interaction of wheeled propellers of small-scale mechanization with the soil, the analysis of the basic design of the experimental stand to study the working elements of agricultural machinery was conducted. The requirements for the experimental stand were defined. The experimental-measuring complex “Soil Channel” was developed and manufactured on the basis of production facilities of the Prof. Leshchankin Chair of Mobile Power Tools and Agricultural Machinery of the Institute of Mechanics and Power Engineering of National Research Mordovia State University. Results. The analysis of ensuring the stability of translational motion of the experimental stand movable module is given, the technical solution to ensure the uniformity of its motion is substantiated and the choice of the electromagnetic powder brake type size is made. The kinematic diagram and a prototype of the movable module of the experimental stand for the investigation of the driving wheels of power tillers are developed. Discussion and Conclusion. Improvement of the soil channel design by introducing a removable module into it, will provide tests not only of active, traction and traction-driven working tools of tillage machines, but will also allow studying the nature of interaction of their driving wheels with the soil, carrying out simultaneous control of traction force and slipping. These data can be used for modernization of existing machines and working tools, and for developing new units.
{"title":"Rationale for the Design of the Stand for Dynamic Testing of Drive Wheels of Agricultural Transport and Technological Machines","authors":"A. S. Ulanov, V. Kupryashkin, N. I. Naumkin, S. Timokhin, A. Gusev, Vladimir V. Kupryashkin","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.071-089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.071-089","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The development of agricultural production technical support implies the creation of new working tools and machines for soil treatment, and their improvement and research. This process is continuously associated with the use of soil channels and experimental facilities that help to determine the nature of interaction of working elements and wheeled drivers of agricultural machinery, including means of small-scale mechanization, with the soil. The purpose of this study is to provide the rationale for the design of the stand for testing the working elements of tillage units and wheels of transport and technological machines in the agro-industrial complex.\u0000Materials and Methods. In order to obtain reliable experimental data on the interaction of wheeled propellers of small-scale mechanization with the soil, the analysis of the basic design of the experimental stand to study the working elements of agricultural machinery was conducted. The requirements for the experimental stand were defined. The experimental-measuring complex “Soil Channel” was developed and manufactured on the basis of production facilities of the Prof. Leshchankin Chair of Mobile Power Tools and Agricultural Machinery of the Institute of Mechanics and Power Engineering of National Research Mordovia State University.\u0000Results. The analysis of ensuring the stability of translational motion of the experimental stand movable module is given, the technical solution to ensure the uniformity of its motion is substantiated and the choice of the electromagnetic powder brake type size is made. The kinematic diagram and a prototype of the movable module of the experimental stand for the investigation of the driving wheels of power tillers are developed.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. Improvement of the soil channel design by introducing a removable module into it, will provide tests not only of active, traction and traction-driven working tools of tillage machines, but will also allow studying the nature of interaction of their driving wheels with the soil, carrying out simultaneous control of traction force and slipping. These data can be used for modernization of existing machines and working tools, and for developing new units.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84398459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.126-144
Aleksandr N. Zintsov, M. M. Kovalev, G. Perov
Introduction. The main reason for the crisis state of flax growing is the losses of the flax fiber portions when it is extracted from the crop. This is due to excessive elongation of the stems in the layer. It was found that the most convenient way to reduce elongation in the field conditions when turning over flax strips by striking the butt portions in the direction of the stems. The authors propose to use for this purpose a pickup flax turner with a conveyor-type inclined flax butting machine. The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of flax tapes leveling process by butting flax stems. Materials and Methods. It is noted that the maximum effect will be provided by a counterimpact in the direction of the flax stems. For this purpose, the speed of motion of the butting surface relative to the retted straw transversely to the flax stems should have a constant zero value. The specified mode can be realized by a conveyor with roller activators. In the article, the random nature of the working conditions of machine units in the field was noted that is an additional obstacle for processing the flax tapes by the suggested method. Therefore, it is recommended to use probabilistic and graph-analytical methods of calculation when designing flax butting machines. Results. Using the graph-analytical method, a probabilistic model linking the kinematics of the proposed device with the probability of causing counter-strikes on the flax butts was obtained. It was found that two-roller activators in combination with inclination of butting surface will provide pronounced impacts, increase speed and probability of their application. Parameters and operating modes of inclined conveyor-type butting machine were substantiated experimentally. Discussion and Conclusion. Application of the proposed method, taking into account the results obtained, will reduce the elongation of flax stems in strips by 5.6% for one turning over and the yield of long fiber by 2.5–3.0%.
{"title":"Probabilistic Model of the Kinematics of the Device for Reducing Elongation of Flax Fiber Stems in the Tape","authors":"Aleksandr N. Zintsov, M. M. Kovalev, G. Perov","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.126-144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.126-144","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The main reason for the crisis state of flax growing is the losses of the flax fiber portions when it is extracted from the crop. This is due to excessive elongation of the stems in the layer. It was found that the most convenient way to reduce elongation in the field conditions when turning over flax strips by striking the butt portions in the direction of the stems. The authors propose to use for this purpose a pickup flax turner with a conveyor-type inclined flax butting machine. The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of flax tapes leveling process by butting flax stems.\u0000Materials and Methods. It is noted that the maximum effect will be provided by a counterimpact in the direction of the flax stems. For this purpose, the speed of motion of the butting surface relative to the retted straw transversely to the flax stems should have a constant zero value. The specified mode can be realized by a conveyor with roller activators. In the article, the random nature of the working conditions of machine units in the field was noted that is an additional obstacle for processing the flax tapes by the suggested method. Therefore, it is recommended to use probabilistic and graph-analytical methods of calculation when designing flax butting machines.\u0000Results. Using the graph-analytical method, a probabilistic model linking the kinematics of the proposed device with the probability of causing counter-strikes on the flax butts was obtained. It was found that two-roller activators in combination with inclination of butting surface will provide pronounced impacts, increase speed and probability of their application. Parameters and operating modes of inclined conveyor-type butting machine were substantiated experimentally.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. Application of the proposed method, taking into account the results obtained, will reduce the elongation of flax stems in strips by 5.6% for one turning over and the yield of long fiber by 2.5–3.0%.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86291931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.041-053
Yuriy B. Gerber, A. Gavrilov
Introduction. At present, the issue of production of health-improving dairy products is topical. The aim of the research is to develop the technology of producing dairy with a disired consistency, balanced in vitamins, enriched with microelements and antioxidants and to optimize the parameters of pasteurizing and crushing pips to prevent the shell particles into the product. Materials and Methods. The object of the study is the technology of producing therapeutic milk-based product, the processes of pasteurization of milk and crushing of the ziziphus component without damaging the stones. For this purpose, it is important to choose the optimal design-mode parameters of the crusher. The methodology of the experiment on the rotary crusher consisted of controlling the rotor speed and the gap between the movable and not movable ribs of the crusher. We proposed a design scheme allowing crushing fruits without damaging the stone. Results. The obtained data allowed us to formulate recommendations for optimizing the temperature of pasteurization of raw milk materials in terms of forming the specified rheological properties. It is suggested to use pectin-containing ziziphus fruits to form necessary consistency of yogurt (kefir). The kinematic parameters of the device for crushing ziziphus fruits without damage to the stones have been determined. Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of the product viscosity dependence on pasteurization temperature shows that the maximum product viscosity is obtained at pasteurization temperature 81–85 °C. To prevent the destruction of the shells of the stones when separating the pulp, the speed of the crusher ribs should not exceed the characteristic speed of the stones, that is in the range from 4.5 to 10.5 m/s.
{"title":"Substantiation of the Parameters of the Production Technology for Yoghurt with the Addition of Ziziphus Fruits","authors":"Yuriy B. Gerber, A. Gavrilov","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.041-053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.041-053","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. At present, the issue of production of health-improving dairy products is topical. The aim of the research is to develop the technology of producing dairy with a disired consistency, balanced in vitamins, enriched with microelements and antioxidants and to optimize the parameters of pasteurizing and crushing pips to prevent the shell particles into the product.\u0000Materials and Methods. The object of the study is the technology of producing therapeutic milk-based product, the processes of pasteurization of milk and crushing of the ziziphus component without damaging the stones. For this purpose, it is important to choose the optimal design-mode parameters of the crusher. The methodology of the experiment on the rotary crusher consisted of controlling the rotor speed and the gap between the movable and not movable ribs of the crusher. We proposed a design scheme allowing crushing fruits without damaging the stone.\u0000Results. The obtained data allowed us to formulate recommendations for optimizing the temperature of pasteurization of raw milk materials in terms of forming the specified rheological properties. It is suggested to use pectin-containing ziziphus fruits to form necessary consistency of yogurt (kefir). The kinematic parameters of the device for crushing ziziphus fruits without damage to the stones have been determined.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of the product viscosity dependence on pasteurization temperature shows that the maximum product viscosity is obtained at pasteurization temperature 81–85 °C. To prevent the destruction of the shells of the stones when separating the pulp, the speed of the crusher ribs should not exceed the characteristic speed of the stones, that is in the range from 4.5 to 10.5 m/s.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77481035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.090-109
V. Pakhomov, S. Kambulov, I. Bozhko, G. Parkhomenko
Introduction. The technological operation of seed sowing is a main in the seed selecting and growing process. The correct execution is the most important agrotechnical requirement for seeding machinery for selecting and primary seed breeding. The purpose of the study is to determine the main agronomic indicators of the Demetra selection seeder. Materials and Methods. In the study, the methods of a full-scale experiment in laboratory and field conditions were used. The main agro technical indicators of the technological process of sowing seeds by a seeder were determined. Results. As a result of the study, there were determined the main agronomic indicators of the seeder such as its minimum and maximum productivity and the effective seeding rate, departure from the specified seeding rate, irregularity of seed sowing through the seed tubes, instability of total seed sowing, seed crushing, seed sowing depth at optimum coulter penetration depth, quantity of seeds embedded at the specified depth, ridge height after the aggregate passed, and number of sprouts and relative field germination rate. Discussion and Conclusion. It has been found that the Demetra seeder with high accuracy provides qualitative performance of sowing specified number of seeds with both the minimum (1.95 m) and maximum (32.92 m) length of the plot. The departure of the actual seeding from the specified seeding is 0.02‒0.54% for different crops. Unevenness of seeding is 0.22‒1.53% for different crops. At the same time, the instability of total seeding varied in the range of 0.1‒1.1% for different crops. The height of ridges after the seeder passed is 2.6‒3.0 cm. There were no seeds not embedded in the soil by the working bodies of the seeder. Relative field germination of cultivated crops is 82.3‒96.9%.
{"title":"The Results of Studying Agronomic Indicators of the Demetra Selection Seeder","authors":"V. Pakhomov, S. Kambulov, I. Bozhko, G. Parkhomenko","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.090-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.090-109","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The technological operation of seed sowing is a main in the seed selecting and growing process. The correct execution is the most important agrotechnical requirement for seeding machinery for selecting and primary seed breeding. The purpose of the study is to determine the main agronomic indicators of the Demetra selection seeder.\u0000Materials and Methods. In the study, the methods of a full-scale experiment in laboratory and field conditions were used. The main agro technical indicators of the technological process of sowing seeds by a seeder were determined.\u0000Results. As a result of the study, there were determined the main agronomic indicators of the seeder such as its minimum and maximum productivity and the effective seeding rate, departure from the specified seeding rate, irregularity of seed sowing through the seed tubes, instability of total seed sowing, seed crushing, seed sowing depth at optimum coulter penetration depth, quantity of seeds embedded at the specified depth, ridge height after the aggregate passed, and number of sprouts and relative field germination rate.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. It has been found that the Demetra seeder with high accuracy provides qualitative performance of sowing specified number of seeds with both the minimum (1.95 m) and maximum (32.92 m) length of the plot. The departure of the actual seeding from the specified seeding is 0.02‒0.54% for different crops. Unevenness of seeding is 0.22‒1.53% for different crops. At the same time, the instability of total seeding varied in the range of 0.1‒1.1% for different crops. The height of ridges after the seeder passed is 2.6‒3.0 cm. There were no seeds not embedded in the soil by the working bodies of the seeder. Relative field germination of cultivated crops is 82.3‒96.9%.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90614745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.145-173
A. Dorokhov, A. V. Sibirev, A. Aksenov, M. Mosyakov, N. Sazonov
Introduction. The accelerated deployment of modern electronics contributes to the efficiency of agricultural activities. The aim of the study is to develop automated machines with digital control systems for cultivating, harvesting and post-harvest processing of vegetable crops and potatoes. Materials and Methods. The article describes the technique of analytical studying the development of automated machines for cultivating, planting, harvesting and post-harvesting with automation in separate technological operations according to the technique of comprehensive assessment of performance quality and stability of technological operations on the basis of quantitative optimization criteria. Results. It is found that for the development of control and monitoring system of the technological process, it is necessary to provide automatic adjustment of the main technological parameters of the machines. These parameters should include the uniformity of soil density when seeding down, recording the force impact of the working body on the soil layer below or above the specified limits of the soil density toleration, changing and maintaining the vibration frequency of separation intensifiers, identifying commercial products through the vision system in the form of a camera, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the study on the development of algorithms and hardware-software means of the functioning of automated machine individual elements have resulted in ensuring the implementation of automation segments on the main operations of crop production: tillage, seeding/planting, harvesting and post-harvest processing.
{"title":"Basis of Developing Automated Machines with Digital Control Systems for Cultivating, Harvesting and Postharvest Processing of Vegetable Crops and Potatoes","authors":"A. Dorokhov, A. V. Sibirev, A. Aksenov, M. Mosyakov, N. Sazonov","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.145-173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.145-173","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The accelerated deployment of modern electronics contributes to the efficiency of agricultural activities. The aim of the study is to develop automated machines with digital control systems for cultivating, harvesting and post-harvest processing of vegetable crops and potatoes.\u0000Materials and Methods. The article describes the technique of analytical studying the development of automated machines for cultivating, planting, harvesting and post-harvesting with automation in separate technological operations according to the technique of comprehensive assessment of performance quality and stability of technological operations on the basis of quantitative optimization criteria.\u0000Results. It is found that for the development of control and monitoring system of the technological process, it is necessary to provide automatic adjustment of the main technological parameters of the machines. These parameters should include the uniformity of soil density when seeding down, recording the force impact of the working body on the soil layer below or above the specified limits of the soil density toleration, changing and maintaining the vibration frequency of separation intensifiers, identifying commercial products through the vision system in the form of a camera, respectively.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the study on the development of algorithms and hardware-software means of the functioning of automated machine individual elements have resulted in ensuring the implementation of automation segments on the main operations of crop production: tillage, seeding/planting, harvesting and post-harvest processing.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86455082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.054-070
E. Shalavina, R. Uvarov, E. Vasilev
Introduction. The study aims to develop and test a comprehensive calculation methodology in a case study of pilot pig complexes to verify reliability of estimates. The methods are required for reliable tracking of the nutrients flow at the farm level and for adjusting the application doses of resulting solid and liquid organic fertilizers with due account for the crop rotation in place, agrochemical analysis of soils, and specific crops to obtain the target yields. Materials and Methods. Calculations of the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in pig manure before separation and in resulting solid and liquid fractions were carried out by the developed method. At that, coefficients from corresponding normative documents and results of previous research were used. Samples of initial material were collected in three replications at two closed-cycle pig rearing complexes located in the Leningrad Region. The experimental data were statistically processed with StatGraphics Centurion v.16 software. Results. The calculated nutrient content of the manure before separation and the separated solid and liquid fractions was compared with the results of laboratory analysis of the physicochemical composition of the manure and its fractions from the selected pig rearing complexes. The difference between the calculated and average actual values of all considered indicators did not exceed 10%, with the differences in nitrogen content turning out to be much bigger (up to 10%) than the differences in phosphorus content (up to 5.7%) in the solid and liquid fractions of pig manure. Discussion and Conclusion. The identified differences can be explained by the instrumental uncertainty and heterogeneity of the analyzed initial material ‒ a mixture of excrement and process water. The results of the study confirmed that the developed method is reliable, and it can be used to account for the nutrients in the solid and liquid organic fertilizers in calculating and adjusting doses for certain crops to produce expected yield and reduce the negative impact on the environment.
{"title":"Calculation Methods of Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus Distribution in Pig Manure Fractions","authors":"E. Shalavina, R. Uvarov, E. Vasilev","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.054-070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.054-070","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The study aims to develop and test a comprehensive calculation methodology in a case study of pilot pig complexes to verify reliability of estimates. The methods are required for reliable tracking of the nutrients flow at the farm level and for adjusting the application doses of resulting solid and liquid organic fertilizers with due account for the crop rotation in place, agrochemical analysis of soils, and specific crops to obtain the target yields.\u0000Materials and Methods. Calculations of the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in pig manure before separation and in resulting solid and liquid fractions were carried out by the developed method. At that, coefficients from corresponding normative documents and results of previous research were used. Samples of initial material were collected in three replications at two closed-cycle pig rearing complexes located in the Leningrad Region. The experimental data were statistically processed with StatGraphics Centurion v.16 software.\u0000Results. The calculated nutrient content of the manure before separation and the separated solid and liquid fractions was compared with the results of laboratory analysis of the physicochemical composition of the manure and its fractions from the selected pig rearing complexes. The difference between the calculated and average actual values of all considered indicators did not exceed 10%, with the differences in nitrogen content turning out to be much bigger (up to 10%) than the differences in phosphorus content (up to 5.7%) in the solid and liquid fractions of pig manure.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The identified differences can be explained by the instrumental uncertainty and heterogeneity of the analyzed initial material ‒ a mixture of excrement and process water. The results of the study confirmed that the developed method is reliable, and it can be used to account for the nutrients in the solid and liquid organic fertilizers in calculating and adjusting doses for certain crops to produce expected yield and reduce the negative impact on the environment.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74123743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.028-040
I. Yurchenko
Introduction. To create the safety system for automated technologies of agricultural production, it is necessary to study the problem of protecting automation means. The aim of the work is to substantiate the normative and methodological provisions on safe operation of automated technology for regulating the agroecosystem reclamation regime at the level of the economic entity. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the key provisions of the information-analytical approach. In the course of the work, regulatory and methodological documents have been collected and analyzed, the experience of economic entities in the field of information protection of automated technologies has been systematized. The requirements of legislative acts for industrial safety of production facilities were summarized. Results. The tasks for information and physical protection of automated control systems of reclamation agricultural production are formulated. There are systematized and characterized information protection factors, such as software updates, access control and password implementation, incident management, control over network solutions, and personnel training. Requirements for physical protection of automated agricultural production systems in accordance with the legislative acts of industrial safety are presented. The functional structure of the physical protection system for controlling the automated processes of the reclamation complex is determined. Discussion and Conclusion. The application of the recommendations formulated in this work will help protect intellectual property, trade secrets, personal data and information resources, and solve the problem of information system security.
{"title":"Safety of Automated Technologies for Regulating the Reclamation Regime of Agroecosystem","authors":"I. Yurchenko","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.028-040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.028-040","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. To create the safety system for automated technologies of agricultural production, it is necessary to study the problem of protecting automation means. The aim of the work is to substantiate the normative and methodological provisions on safe operation of automated technology for regulating the agroecosystem reclamation regime at the level of the economic entity.\u0000Materials and Methods. The study is based on the key provisions of the information-analytical approach. In the course of the work, regulatory and methodological documents have been collected and analyzed, the experience of economic entities in the field of information protection of automated technologies has been systematized. The requirements of legislative acts for industrial safety of production facilities were summarized.\u0000Results. The tasks for information and physical protection of automated control systems of reclamation agricultural production are formulated. There are systematized and characterized information protection factors, such as software updates, access control and password implementation, incident management, control over network solutions, and personnel training. Requirements for physical protection of automated agricultural production systems in accordance with the legislative acts of industrial safety are presented. The functional structure of the physical protection system for controlling the automated processes of the reclamation complex is determined.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The application of the recommendations formulated in this work will help protect intellectual property, trade secrets, personal data and information resources, and solve the problem of information system security.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75680590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.110-125
A. Levtsev, Anatoly Lysyakov
Introduction. The article is concerned with increasing the efficiency of energy-independent heat supply systems in agriculture through using a heat recovery unit with a thermomechanical energy converter. The most promising is a thermomechanical energy converter with a thermodynamic cycle of periodic action to drive a diaphragm pump. For heaters and boilers, the use of pulsating mode of the heat carrier has a double effect: it increases heat transfer and reduces the formation of deposits on the heat transfer surfaces. Materials and Methods. Using the thermodynamic method and the possibilities of impulse technologies, a thermodynamic cycle and a device of periodic action were proposed. In this device, three thermodynamic processes are sequentially implemented: isochoric heating and evaporation of the working substance, adiabatic performance of work, and isobaric condensation. Thermodynamic cycles are constructed for five known working substances (R11; R21; R113; R114; R123) on lgP-h thermodynamic state diagrams and their parameters at characteristic points are calculated. Results. There has been performed frequency matching of the thermal-mechanical converter with the hydraulic parameters of the heat source and heat-consuming unit. Such matching was based on the frequency responses. To describe the hydrodynamics of the heat supply system, a system of differential equations with constant coefficients was used, which was solved using the Laplace transformation. A rational frequency of oscillations of the heat carrier flow was determined within the range of 1.38–2.76 rad/s. Discussion and Conclusion. A scheme of a heat supply system with the independent connection of the heat-consuming unit to a heat source is proposed. On the example of a heat source with a power of 100 kW, graphical dependences of the heat source minimum pressures on the change in the consumption of a heat carrier and the active hydraulic resistance of the heat network are obtained. An algorithm for determining the power increment from the use of a heat exchanger with a thermomechanical converter is proposed. It has been determined that the efficiency of the heat recovery unit will be higher for low-power boilers.
{"title":"Energy-Independent Heating System with Improved Energy Efficiency for Agricultural Premises","authors":"A. Levtsev, Anatoly Lysyakov","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.110-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.110-125","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article is concerned with increasing the efficiency of energy-independent heat supply systems in agriculture through using a heat recovery unit with a thermomechanical energy converter. The most promising is a thermomechanical energy converter with a thermodynamic cycle of periodic action to drive a diaphragm pump. For heaters and boilers, the use of pulsating mode of the heat carrier has a double effect: it increases heat transfer and reduces the formation of deposits on the heat transfer surfaces.\u0000Materials and Methods. Using the thermodynamic method and the possibilities of impulse technologies, a thermodynamic cycle and a device of periodic action were proposed. In this device, three thermodynamic processes are sequentially implemented: isochoric heating and evaporation of the working substance, adiabatic performance of work, and isobaric condensation. Thermodynamic cycles are constructed for five known working substances (R11; R21; R113; R114; R123) on lgP-h thermodynamic state diagrams and their parameters at characteristic points are calculated.\u0000Results. There has been performed frequency matching of the thermal-mechanical converter with the hydraulic parameters of the heat source and heat-consuming unit. Such matching was based on the frequency responses. To describe the hydrodynamics of the heat supply system, a system of differential equations with constant coefficients was used, which was solved using the Laplace transformation. A rational frequency of oscillations of the heat carrier flow was determined within the range of 1.38–2.76 rad/s.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. A scheme of a heat supply system with the independent connection of the heat-consuming unit to a heat source is proposed. On the example of a heat source with a power of 100 kW, graphical dependences of the heat source minimum pressures on the change in the consumption of a heat carrier and the active hydraulic resistance of the heat network are obtained. An algorithm for determining the power increment from the use of a heat exchanger with a thermomechanical converter is proposed. It has been determined that the efficiency of the heat recovery unit will be higher for low-power boilers.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87768146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.010-027
Viktor V. Palvinskiy, Filipp A. Vasilev, V. K. Evteev
Introduction. The volume of accumulated organ-containing non-recyclable waste products in Russia is increasing. Existing technologies make it possible to recycle these waste products through using anaerobic digestion to produce biogas and fertilizers. The organic portions of waste consist mostly of hard-to-degrade lignin, cellulose, and extracellular polymers, which make anaerobic digestion difficult. Pretreating is necessary to make the raw materials available to microorganisms for bioavailability and deeper degradation. There are many different types of pretreating with their own specific effects on the raw materials. To improve understanding the process of pretreating organic raw materials prior to anaerobic digestion, and to improve the quality of the decisions made, pretreatment methods need to be identified and systematized. Materials and Methods. The subject of the study is the relationship between the effects of methods, techniques and specific operations of pretreatment for anaerobic digestion. The main method of this study is the analysis of data on the application of different methods to increase the bioavailability and degree of decomposition of organic matter of waste products during anaerobic digestion. Results. The scheme of preparatory operations and methods for pre-treatment of organic waste products before anaerobic digestion is developed. It is revealed that each method (mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, chemical, biological and combined) contains many practices, which are divided into particular techniques. The mechanisms of influence that improve further processing are described. Discussion and Conclusion. The choice methods of pretreatment depends on the purpose and tasks performed, the physical and chemical composition of raw materials, access to energy, biological and chemical resources. Advantages and disadvantages of various methods should be studied in more detail and ranked into private methods according to energy costs and the effect they produce. The comparison of the research results reveals disadvantages and difficulties.
{"title":"Methods of Pretreating Raw Materials Containing Organic Compounds before Anaerobic Digestion","authors":"Viktor V. Palvinskiy, Filipp A. Vasilev, V. K. Evteev","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.010-027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.032.202201.010-027","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The volume of accumulated organ-containing non-recyclable waste products in Russia is increasing. Existing technologies make it possible to recycle these waste products through using anaerobic digestion to produce biogas and fertilizers. The organic portions of waste consist mostly of hard-to-degrade lignin, cellulose, and extracellular polymers, which make anaerobic digestion difficult. Pretreating is necessary to make the raw materials available to microorganisms for bioavailability and deeper degradation. There are many different types of pretreating with their own specific effects on the raw materials. To improve understanding the process of pretreating organic raw materials prior to anaerobic digestion, and to improve the quality of the decisions made, pretreatment methods need to be identified and systematized.\u0000Materials and Methods. The subject of the study is the relationship between the effects of methods, techniques and specific operations of pretreatment for anaerobic digestion. The main method of this study is the analysis of data on the application of different methods to increase the bioavailability and degree of decomposition of organic matter of waste products during anaerobic digestion.\u0000Results. The scheme of preparatory operations and methods for pre-treatment of organic waste products before anaerobic digestion is developed. It is revealed that each method (mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, chemical, biological and combined) contains many practices, which are divided into particular techniques. The mechanisms of influence that improve further processing are described.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The choice methods of pretreatment depends on the purpose and tasks performed, the physical and chemical composition of raw materials, access to energy, biological and chemical resources. Advantages and disadvantages of various methods should be studied in more detail and ranked into private methods according to energy costs and the effect they produce. The comparison of the research results reveals disadvantages and difficulties.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76831817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.530-543
Yuriy G. Sledkov, L. Khoroshko, P. Kuznetsov, A. Butko
Introduction. Agricultural machinery provides the required level of mechanization. Sand abrasive, dirt, and open-air operations considerably accelerate the wear of mechanisms. An improper work plan and lack of complete information about the state of specific equipment units increase the time for repair and maintenance operations. The purpose of the study is to develop a digital twin model for the repair and restoration system of enterprises. The model will reduce material costs and allow for the best solutions to organize the work. Materials and Methods. The model is developed on the basis of simulation modeling. The authors used the approach based on discrete-event modeling with the logical-mathematical apparatus for describing events occurring in a real object. Results. Information support is formed taking into account the parameters of the production systems of repair enterprises and a mathematical model, which is a digital twin of the production system. This approach made it possible to automate the development of optimal plans for organizing repair work by repair enterprises, taking into account their interrelationships. Discussion and Conclusion. The digital twin for the generalized production system of repair organizations allows developing options for the resource allocation and verifying them promptly to choose the best options through accumulating information about the most successful solutions. This will reduce the time for repair and restoration works, improve their quality and save labor.
{"title":"The Digital Twin for Agricultural Machinery Restoration Processes","authors":"Yuriy G. Sledkov, L. Khoroshko, P. Kuznetsov, A. Butko","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.530-543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.530-543","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Agricultural machinery provides the required level of mechanization. Sand abrasive, dirt, and open-air operations considerably accelerate the wear of mechanisms. An improper work plan and lack of complete information about the state of specific equipment units increase the time for repair and maintenance operations. The purpose of the study is to develop a digital twin model for the repair and restoration system of enterprises. The model will reduce material costs and allow for the best solutions to organize the work.\u0000Materials and Methods. The model is developed on the basis of simulation modeling. The authors used the approach based on discrete-event modeling with the logical-mathematical apparatus for describing events occurring in a real object.\u0000Results. Information support is formed taking into account the parameters of the production systems of repair enterprises and a mathematical model, which is a digital twin of the production system. This approach made it possible to automate the development of optimal plans for organizing repair work by repair enterprises, taking into account their interrelationships.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The digital twin for the generalized production system of repair organizations allows developing options for the resource allocation and verifying them promptly to choose the best options through accumulating information about the most successful solutions. This will reduce the time for repair and restoration works, improve their quality and save labor.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89789056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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