Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.577-590
A. V. Anisimov, F. Y. Rudik
Introduction. The determination of the optimal technological efficiency of the peeling process, in terms of the number of detached casings and unit costs of the process, is an important task. The purpose of the study is to give reasons for a comprehensive evaluation criterion of the technological efficiency of peeling wheat grain and choose the optimal values of the parameters of grain peeling, taking into account the energy intensity of the process. Materials and Methods. To quantify the technological efficiency of peeling wheat grain, we used the following local efficiency criteria: the relative yield of peeling by-products, the relative decrease in grain ash content, the increase in the number of cracked grains, and a comprehensive criterion of efficiency taking into account local criteria and the specific power consumption. Results. The experiments have shown that the technological feasibility of the peeling process is ensured at the percentage of the flap opening at the outlet of the machine 60‒70%. In this case, the relative yield of waste husk is 3.2‒2.8%, the relative decrease in grain ash content is 0.32‒0.20%, and the increase in the number of cracked grains does not exceed 0.85%. With increasing the degree of the flap opening at the outlet of the machine from 50 to 100%, the specific power consumption decreases from 8.7 to 3.5 kW∙h/t. Discussion and Сonclusion. To assess the technological efficiency of wheat grain peeling a generalized efficiency criterion, which includes local criteria, is proposed. It has been experimentally proved their dependence on the intensity of grain processing in the machine. The optimum combination of the flap opening degree at the outlet of the machine at 67% (productivity 0.7 t/h) and the specific power consumption of 5.8 kW∙h/t was defined. In this case, the efficiency complex criterion, taking into account the process energy intensity of, is 4.5 kg/kW∙h.
{"title":"Experimental Determination of the Influence of the Peeling Machine Constructive and Operating Parameters on the Criteria of the Peeling Process Efficiency","authors":"A. V. Anisimov, F. Y. Rudik","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.577-590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.577-590","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The determination of the optimal technological efficiency of the peeling process, in terms of the number of detached casings and unit costs of the process, is an important task. The purpose of the study is to give reasons for a comprehensive evaluation criterion of the technological efficiency of peeling wheat grain and choose the optimal values of the parameters of grain peeling, taking into account the energy intensity of the process.\u0000Materials and Methods. To quantify the technological efficiency of peeling wheat grain, we used the following local efficiency criteria: the relative yield of peeling by-products, the relative decrease in grain ash content, the increase in the number of cracked grains, and a comprehensive criterion of efficiency taking into account local criteria and the specific power consumption.\u0000Results. The experiments have shown that the technological feasibility of the peeling process is ensured at the percentage of the flap opening at the outlet of the machine 60‒70%. In this case, the relative yield of waste husk is 3.2‒2.8%, the relative decrease in grain ash content is 0.32‒0.20%, and the increase in the number of cracked grains does not exceed 0.85%. With increasing the degree of the flap opening at the outlet of the machine from 50 to 100%, the specific power consumption decreases from 8.7 to 3.5 kW∙h/t.\u0000Discussion and Сonclusion. To assess the technological efficiency of wheat grain peeling a generalized efficiency criterion, which includes local criteria, is proposed. It has been experimentally proved their dependence on the intensity of grain processing in the machine. The optimum combination of the flap opening degree at the outlet of the machine at 67% (productivity 0.7 t/h) and the specific power consumption of 5.8 kW∙h/t was defined. In this case, the efficiency complex criterion, taking into account the process energy intensity of, is 4.5 kg/kW∙h.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85719516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.559-576
A. I. Petrashev, L. Knyazeva
Introduction. Anticorrosion protection of agricultural machinery working elements is provided through using pneumatic application of thickened preservatives with heating. For this purpose, a wire coil is inserted inside the preservative-supply hose and connected to a current source. It is known that the wire thickness and the coil pitch affect the hydraulic resistance to fluid flow. However, it has not been established how the diameter of the coil insert and its heating affect the flow capacity of the flexible hose channel. The purpose of the research is to increase the capacity of a flexible hose with an electrical-heater coil. For this purpose, it is necessary to determine its geometric parameters minimizing the hydraulic resistance to the thickened preservative flow and reducing the energy consumption for heating the material in the hose. Materials and Methods. It is proposed to investigate two electrical-heater coils of the same length, but of different diameter, made of steel welding wire pieces of equal length. There was developed a stand to study the influence of the inserted coil parameters on the hose hydraulic resistance. The stand was used to determine pressure losses in hoses with coils and in smooth hoses when used engine oil and thickened preservative flow through them. The flow capacity of the hose with cold and heated coils was estimated. Results. The method of heating the preservative in the hose wall layer is justified. At the same time, its flow capacity increases one and a half times with less energy consumption (2.4 times) than when heating the preservative in the central part of the hose. Under laminar flow mode, the pressure loss in the hose is 2 times lower when the coil is equal to 0.85 of the hose channel diameter than when the coil is equal to 0.67 of the channel diameter. Discussion and Conclusion. The research found the rational way of placing the electrical coil near the heated hose channel wall. At low air temperature, the reduction of the thickened preservative viscosity by heating in the hose helps to decrease the pressure loss up to 50% and increase its flow capacity by 1.4‒2.0 times. The use of a electrical-heater coil in the hose with thickened preservative will minimize energy consumption when preserving equipment on open storage sites.
{"title":"Increasing the Flow Capacity of Hoses with Electrical-Heater Coils to Supply Thickened Preservatives for Spraying","authors":"A. I. Petrashev, L. Knyazeva","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.559-576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.559-576","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Anticorrosion protection of agricultural machinery working elements is provided through using pneumatic application of thickened preservatives with heating. For this purpose, a wire coil is inserted inside the preservative-supply hose and connected to a current source. It is known that the wire thickness and the coil pitch affect the hydraulic resistance to fluid flow. However, it has not been established how the diameter of the coil insert and its heating affect the flow capacity of the flexible hose channel. The purpose of the research is to increase the capacity of a flexible hose with an electrical-heater coil. For this purpose, it is necessary to determine its geometric parameters minimizing the hydraulic resistance to the thickened preservative flow and reducing the energy consumption for heating the material in the hose.\u0000Materials and Methods. It is proposed to investigate two electrical-heater coils of the same length, but of different diameter, made of steel welding wire pieces of equal length. There was developed a stand to study the influence of the inserted coil parameters on the hose hydraulic resistance. The stand was used to determine pressure losses in hoses with coils and in smooth hoses when used engine oil and thickened preservative flow through them. The flow capacity of the hose with cold and heated coils was estimated.\u0000Results. The method of heating the preservative in the hose wall layer is justified. At the same time, its flow capacity increases one and a half times with less energy consumption (2.4 times) than when heating the preservative in the central part of the hose. Under laminar flow mode, the pressure loss in the hose is 2 times lower when the coil is equal to 0.85 of the hose channel diameter than when the coil is equal to 0.67 of the channel diameter.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The research found the rational way of placing the electrical coil near the heated hose channel wall. At low air temperature, the reduction of the thickened preservative viscosity by heating in the hose helps to decrease the pressure loss up to 50% and increase its flow capacity by 1.4‒2.0 times. The use of a electrical-heater coil in the hose with thickened preservative will minimize energy consumption when preserving equipment on open storage sites.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76004787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.591-608
S. Braginets, O. Bakhchevnikov, A. S. Alferov
Introduction. Developing a method for energy-efficient grinding of fibrous vegetable raw materials to avoid the clogging of grids remains an urgent task. The aim of the research is to study the process of grinding dried fibrous plant materials and to estimate the influence of the device operating characteristics on the quality of grinding and the process energy intensity. Materials and Methods. The experimental apparatus is a rotor grinder. Its working bodies are alternate knives and hammers. When a hammer is in motion, its triangle side creates the reduced pressure area. There was studied the influence of the linear velocities of knife motion and of feed of raw materials on fractional composition of the grinded materials, grinder productivity, and grinding specific energy capacity. Results. It is found that the change in the fractional composition of the grinded product occurs when the speed of the rotor knives increases. Optimal range of knife speed for producing the product of the required fractional composition is 55‒75 m/s. The increase in the speed leads to increasing productivity, but is accompanied by the growth of specific power intensity. If the rotor speed is constant, the increase of raw material feed increases the grinder productivity, but only up to a certain value. After that, the productivity decreases because of excessive filling of the working chamber with raw materials and clogging of the grates. For each value of the knife speed, there is an optimal feed that ensures the maximum productivity. High values of knife speed lead to significant energy intensity of the process and overgrinding of raw materials. Therefore, the optimal range of knife speed is 55‒65 m/s. Discussion and Conclusion. Effective grinding of raw materials is achieved through lower energy capacity of grinding process and absence of grate clogs resulted from separating particles from the surface of plants to be grinded.
{"title":"Experimental Data of Grinding Dried Fibrous Plant Materials","authors":"S. Braginets, O. Bakhchevnikov, A. S. Alferov","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.591-608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.591-608","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Developing a method for energy-efficient grinding of fibrous vegetable raw materials to avoid the clogging of grids remains an urgent task. The aim of the research is to study the process of grinding dried fibrous plant materials and to estimate the influence of the device operating characteristics on the quality of grinding and the process energy intensity.\u0000Materials and Methods. The experimental apparatus is a rotor grinder. Its working bodies are alternate knives and hammers. When a hammer is in motion, its triangle side creates the reduced pressure area. There was studied the influence of the linear velocities of knife motion and of feed of raw materials on fractional composition of the grinded materials, grinder productivity, and grinding specific energy capacity.\u0000Results. It is found that the change in the fractional composition of the grinded product occurs when the speed of the rotor knives increases. Optimal range of knife speed for producing the product of the required fractional composition is 55‒75 m/s. The increase in the speed leads to increasing productivity, but is accompanied by the growth of specific power intensity. If the rotor speed is constant, the increase of raw material feed increases the grinder productivity, but only up to a certain value. After that, the productivity decreases because of excessive filling of the working chamber with raw materials and clogging of the grates. For each value of the knife speed, there is an optimal feed that ensures the maximum productivity. High values of knife speed lead to significant energy intensity of the process and overgrinding of raw materials. Therefore, the optimal range of knife speed is 55‒65 m/s.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. Effective grinding of raw materials is achieved through lower energy capacity of grinding process and absence of grate clogs resulted from separating particles from the surface of plants to be grinded.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84920582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.518-529
V. A. Skryabin
Introduction. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of power parameters when hard alloy steels are machined with tools, the cutting units of which have multilayer hard, heat-resistant and wear-resistant coatings. The obtained data will make it possible to optimize machining hard-to-machine materials. Materials and Methods. The aim of the study is to measure the power parameters of turning products and to create experimental formulas of power parameters for different technological modes. For this purpose, a special measuring multicomponent complex was used to estimate the influence of the mode parameters on the change in the cutting force components. Results. The numerically controlled machine tool was retooled by combining it with a three-component dynamometer and tooling. The cutting unit of the tool was coated with a multi-layer hard, heat-resistant and wear-resistant coating. The tool was equipped with instruments connected to a personal computer for measuring and processing experimental data. According to the results of the study, there have been obtained graphical dependences and empirical formulas, which take into account the influence of the mode parameters on the cutting force components when machining the units of alloy steels of high hardness, heat resistance and wear resistance. Discussion and Conclusion.The study allowed us to obtain experimental formulas of cutting force components for different mode parameters when machining parts by the tool equipped with cutting plates. The plates are coated with multilayer hard and wear-resistant coatings of titanium carbonitride, aluminum oxide and nickel nitride. The coating increases significantly the hardness, heat and wears resistance of the tool cutting unit and provides quality machining.
{"title":"Features of Machining Rotor Shafts of Diesel Engine Turbochargers with a Multilayer-Coated Tool","authors":"V. A. Skryabin","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.518-529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.518-529","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of power parameters when hard alloy steels are machined with tools, the cutting units of which have multilayer hard, heat-resistant and wear-resistant coatings. The obtained data will make it possible to optimize machining hard-to-machine materials.\u0000Materials and Methods. The aim of the study is to measure the power parameters of turning products and to create experimental formulas of power parameters for different technological modes. For this purpose, a special measuring multicomponent complex was used to estimate the influence of the mode parameters on the change in the cutting force components.\u0000Results. The numerically controlled machine tool was retooled by combining it with a three-component dynamometer and tooling. The cutting unit of the tool was coated with a multi-layer hard, heat-resistant and wear-resistant coating. The tool was equipped with instruments connected to a personal computer for measuring and processing experimental data. According to the results of the study, there have been obtained graphical dependences and empirical formulas, which take into account the influence of the mode parameters on the cutting force components when machining the units of alloy steels of high hardness, heat resistance and wear resistance.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion.The study allowed us to obtain experimental formulas of cutting force components for different mode parameters when machining parts by the tool equipped with cutting plates. The plates are coated with multilayer hard and wear-resistant coatings of titanium carbonitride, aluminum oxide and nickel nitride. The coating increases significantly the hardness, heat and wears resistance of the tool cutting unit and provides quality machining.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82333740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.544-558
S. Gryadunov, V. Sivakov
Introduction. For surface tillage operation there widely used disc harrows, working bodies of which are discs wearing out during operation. The wear intensity of discs depends on the wear resistance of their working surfaces, working modes and properties of the cultivated soil. It has been found that an effective way to increase the life of discs is surfacing them with wear-resistant materials. The aim of the work is to study the wear out of surfacing materials, which can be used to harden discs and to make recommendation for the use of these materials in the repair departments of agricultural enterprises. Materials and Methods. Surfacing with electrodes T-590 and powder wires PP-Np200Kh15S1GRT, VELTEK-N560.02 and PP-Np280Kh9F7SG4 were taken as test materials. For wear tests of materials in abrasive mass, there was used an apparatus to simulate the moisture content and composition (sandy loam or loam) of the soil. In the disk-pad tests, the effect of abrasive particle size, load and sliding friction velocity on the wear of the materials was studied. In field tests, wear of the disks made of 65G steel, surfaced toothed and solid disks were monitored. Results. Laboratory studies of the materials revealed the effect of soil moisture and composition, load, abrasive grit and sliding friction velocity on wear. The main factor determining the wear resistance of materials is their structural state. The indexes of wear resistance of surfacing were determined during the laboratory tests and confirmed by field tests. Discussion and Conclusion. Surfacing with flux-cored wire PP-Np280Kh9F7SG4 has the highest wear resistance of the studied materials. The technology of hard-facing disks with modern materials, in particular with flux-cored wire PP-Np280Kh9F7SG4, can be implemented in repair departments of agricultural enterprises when they have the equipment for hard-facing and sharpening of working surfaces.
{"title":"The Use of Surfacing Materials to Increase the Durability of Disc Harrow Working Elements","authors":"S. Gryadunov, V. Sivakov","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.544-558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.544-558","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. For surface tillage operation there widely used disc harrows, working bodies of which are discs wearing out during operation. The wear intensity of discs depends on the wear resistance of their working surfaces, working modes and properties of the cultivated soil. It has been found that an effective way to increase the life of discs is surfacing them with wear-resistant materials. The aim of the work is to study the wear out of surfacing materials, which can be used to harden discs and to make recommendation for the use of these materials in the repair departments of agricultural enterprises.\u0000Materials and Methods. Surfacing with electrodes T-590 and powder wires PP-Np200Kh15S1GRT, VELTEK-N560.02 and PP-Np280Kh9F7SG4 were taken as test materials. For wear tests of materials in abrasive mass, there was used an apparatus to simulate the moisture content and composition (sandy loam or loam) of the soil. In the disk-pad tests, the effect of abrasive particle size, load and sliding friction velocity on the wear of the materials was studied. In field tests, wear of the disks made of 65G steel, surfaced toothed and solid disks were monitored.\u0000Results. Laboratory studies of the materials revealed the effect of soil moisture and composition, load, abrasive grit and sliding friction velocity on wear. The main factor determining the wear resistance of materials is their structural state. The indexes of wear resistance of surfacing were determined during the laboratory tests and confirmed by field tests.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. Surfacing with flux-cored wire PP-Np280Kh9F7SG4 has the highest wear resistance of the studied materials. The technology of hard-facing disks with modern materials, in particular with flux-cored wire PP-Np280Kh9F7SG4, can be implemented in repair departments of agricultural enterprises when they have the equipment for hard-facing and sharpening of working surfaces.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88301327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.500-517
Pyanzov Sergey V., P. Senin, P. Ionov, A. Stolyarov, A. M. Zemskov, M. Ilyin, I. Kravchenko
Introduction. The article describes the test bench specialized software, developed for technical inspection of domestic and foreign volumetric hydraulic drives in repair enterprises and service centers. The results of bench tests using a hydraulic bench and software are presented. Materials and Methods For the application software development, G graphical programming language of the Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench (Lab- View) programming environment developed by the National Instruments Company has been used. The reliability of the results obtained has been confirmed by a series of bench tests of domestic and foreign volumetric hydraulic drives. Results. There has been developed and implemented new test bench software for the technical inspection of hydraulic drives of different models from domestic and foreign manufacturers in repair plants and service centers. The software is used to capture, process and store data from the sensors during testing, to calculate and output measurement data, to conduct nonlaboratory analysis of the testing process in graphical, textual and video formats, to calibrate sensors, and to store the test results in the electronic library system. The specialized software runs under the Microsoft Windows 7 x86 (32-bit) operating system and is installed on a personal computer of the hydraulic bench data processing unit. The developed software is characterized by the ergonomics of the user interface, the ability to control all the parameters of diagnosing the tested volumetric hydraulic drives. Discussion and Conclusion. Specialized software and the test bench permit high accurate monitoring of all technical condition parameters of the most common domestic and foreign volumetric hydraulic drives in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturers in the repair enterprises and service centers.
介绍。本文介绍了为维修企业和服务中心对国内外容积式液压传动进行技术检测而开发的试验台专用软件。介绍了利用液压台架和软件进行台架试验的结果。材料与方法应用软件开发采用了国家仪器公司开发的实验室虚拟仪器工程工作台(Lab- View)编程环境中的G图形化编程语言。通过一系列国内外容积式液压传动台架试验，验证了所得结果的可靠性。在修理厂和服务中心开发并实施了新的试验台软件，用于对国内外不同型号的液压传动进行技术检测。该软件用于捕获、处理和存储测试过程中来自传感器的数据，计算和输出测量数据，以图形、文本和视频格式对测试过程进行非实验室分析，校准传感器，并将测试结果存储在电子图书馆系统中。该专用软件运行在Microsoft Windows 7 x86(32位)操作系统下，安装在液压工作台数据处理单元的个人计算机上。开发的软件具有人机工程学的用户界面，能够控制被测容积式液压传动诊断的所有参数。讨论与结论。专门的软件和测试台可以根据维修企业和服务中心的制造商的要求，高精度地监测国内外最常见的容积式液压传动的所有技术状态参数。
{"title":"Developing the Test Bench Software for the Technical Inspection of Volumetric Hydraulic Drives","authors":"Pyanzov Sergey V., P. Senin, P. Ionov, A. Stolyarov, A. M. Zemskov, M. Ilyin, I. Kravchenko","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.500-517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.500-517","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article describes the test bench specialized software, developed for technical inspection of domestic and foreign volumetric hydraulic drives in repair enterprises and service centers. The results of bench tests using a hydraulic bench and software are presented.\u0000Materials and Methods For the application software development, G graphical programming language of the Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench (Lab- View) programming environment developed by the National Instruments Company has been used. The reliability of the results obtained has been confirmed by a series of bench tests of domestic and foreign volumetric hydraulic drives.\u0000Results. There has been developed and implemented new test bench software for the technical inspection of hydraulic drives of different models from domestic and foreign manufacturers in repair plants and service centers. The software is used to capture, process and store data from the sensors during testing, to calculate and output measurement data, to conduct nonlaboratory analysis of the testing process in graphical, textual and video formats, to calibrate sensors, and to store the test results in the electronic library system. The specialized software runs under the Microsoft Windows 7 x86 (32-bit) operating system and is installed on a personal computer of the hydraulic bench data processing unit. The developed software is characterized by the ergonomics of the user interface, the ability to control all the parameters of diagnosing the tested volumetric hydraulic drives.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. Specialized software and the test bench permit high accurate monitoring of all technical condition parameters of the most common domestic and foreign volumetric hydraulic drives in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturers in the repair enterprises and service centers.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77449805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.609-627
M. V. Chugunov, I. N. Polunina, A. Divin, A. Generalova, Artem A. Nikulin, D. Bychkov
Introduction. The “Smart Agroˮ committee of Research and Education Center “Engineering of the Future” has identified a number of tasks relevant for improving the efficiency of precision, soil-protecting and conservation agriculture. One of these tasks is the development of a digital multi-agent system, which provides a number of services for agricultural enterprises, developers and manufacturers of agricultural machinery. The purpose of the present study is to model an autonomous mobile robotic platform, including the development of software and hardware for trajectory control. Materials and Methods. To solve the problem, there are used modern CAx systems and their applications, the methods of 3D and full-body modeling, and the method of numerical solution of problems in solid mechanics. To expand and improve the standard functionality of CAx-systems (SolidWorks) in the software implementation of trajectory control algorithms, the methods and technologies of programming using API SolidWorks, VisualStudio C++ (MFC, ATL, COM) are used, and to build physical full-scale models ‒ Arduino and fischertechnik platforms. Results. The result of the study is a software and hardware module of trajectory control for an integrated (physical and virtual) model of a mobile robotic platform, which can be provided to the consumer as a service for technology autonomation. For the developed integrated model, control algorithms for various types of trajectories were tested. Discussion and Conclusion. The developed integrated software and hardware model of trajectory control can be used by developers and manufacturers of agricultural machinery, and directly by agro-enterprises for implementing typical technological processes. A feature of the implementation is an open hardware and software interface that provides the integration of mobile robotic platforms based on a digital multi-agent system.
介绍。“未来工程”研究与教育中心的“智能农业”委员会已经确定了一些与提高精准农业、水土保持农业效率相关的任务。其中一项任务是开发数字多智能体系统，为农业企业、农业机械开发商和制造商提供多项服务。本研究的目的是建立一个自主移动机器人平台，包括开发用于轨迹控制的软件和硬件。材料与方法。为了解决这一问题，采用了现代CAx系统及其应用，三维和全身建模方法，以及固体力学问题的数值求解方法。为了扩展和改进cax系统(SolidWorks)在轨迹控制算法软件实现中的标准功能，使用API SolidWorks, VisualStudio c++ (MFC, ATL, COM)编程的方法和技术，并构建物理全尺寸模型- Arduino和fischertechnik平台。研究结果为移动机器人平台的集成(物理和虚拟)模型提供了一个轨迹控制的软硬件模块，可以作为技术自主服务提供给消费者。针对所开发的集成模型，对不同类型轨迹的控制算法进行了测试。讨论与结论。所开发的轨迹控制软硬件集成模型可用于农业机械开发商和制造商，也可直接用于农业企业实施典型工艺流程。该实现的一个特点是开放的硬件和软件接口，提供基于数字多智能体系统的移动机器人平台的集成。
{"title":"Integrated Mobile Robotic Platform Model","authors":"M. V. Chugunov, I. N. Polunina, A. Divin, A. Generalova, Artem A. Nikulin, D. Bychkov","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.609-627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202104.609-627","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The “Smart Agroˮ committee of Research and Education Center “Engineering of the Future” has identified a number of tasks relevant for improving the efficiency of precision, soil-protecting and conservation agriculture. One of these tasks is the development of a digital multi-agent system, which provides a number of services for agricultural enterprises, developers and manufacturers of agricultural machinery. The purpose of the present study is to model an autonomous mobile robotic platform, including the development of software and hardware for trajectory control.\u0000Materials and Methods. To solve the problem, there are used modern CAx systems and their applications, the methods of 3D and full-body modeling, and the method of numerical solution of problems in solid mechanics. To expand and improve the standard functionality of CAx-systems (SolidWorks) in the software implementation of trajectory control algorithms, the methods and technologies of programming using API SolidWorks, VisualStudio C++ (MFC, ATL, COM) are used, and to build physical full-scale models ‒ Arduino and fischertechnik platforms.\u0000Results. The result of the study is a software and hardware module of trajectory control for an integrated (physical and virtual) model of a mobile robotic platform, which can be provided to the consumer as a service for technology autonomation. For the developed integrated model, control algorithms for various types of trajectories were tested.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The developed integrated software and hardware model of trajectory control can be used by developers and manufacturers of agricultural machinery, and directly by agro-enterprises for implementing typical technological processes. A feature of the implementation is an open hardware and software interface that provides the integration of mobile robotic platforms based on a digital multi-agent system.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85101887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.031.202103.470-486
S. Rakutko, E. Rakutko
Introduction. Greenhouse lighting systems are an integral part of the system for growing plants in cultivation facilities with an artificial microclimate. The uniformity of light distribution over the growing area is important to increase energy efficiency and improve plant quality, among other requirements. The aim of the work is to consider the mathematical apparatus for describing the distribution of light over the surface and to justify the choice of ways to characterize the degree of lighting uniformity. Materials and Methods. The basic concepts of the subject area such as lighting, lighting body, horizontal lighting curve, luminous intensity curve are considered in terms of theoretical photometry. To assess the energy and ecological friendliness of the greenhouse horticulture, the lighting efficiency factor was used. Various methods for determining the average lighting value are presented. The formulas for the uniformity coefficients are presented. Experimental verification was carried out on a horizontal plane simulating a surface for growing plants. A luminary with a round-symmetric light distribution was used. Results. It has been found that the lighting values calculated by the proposed method at various points of the illuminated surface correspond to the experimentally obtained values. It has been shown that the coefficient taking into account the pattern of lighting distribution over all points of the surface carries a lot of information about the uniformity. A frequency graph for the lighting distribution value has been constructed and its practical applicability has been substantiated. The relationship between the lighting efficiency and uniformity of the generated lighting has been revealed. With reduced suspension height of the luminary, it is possible to increase significantly the lighting efficiency factor, however, the lighting uniformity deteriorates sharply. Discussion and Conclusion. There is proposed a method for assessing the energy efficiency by the lighting efficiency factor, which determines the proportion of the useful lighting falling on the surface in the total lighting generated by light sources. It is suggested that this indicator can characterize the ecological quality of photoculture, since it has been established its relationship with the uniformity of the created lighting, the impact of which on photoculture is described in the literature.
{"title":"Assessment of Lighting Uniformity as a Factor of Energy Efficiency in Greenhouse Horticulture","authors":"S. Rakutko, E. Rakutko","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.031.202103.470-486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202103.470-486","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Greenhouse lighting systems are an integral part of the system for growing plants in cultivation facilities with an artificial microclimate. The uniformity of light distribution over the growing area is important to increase energy efficiency and improve plant quality, among other requirements. The aim of the work is to consider the mathematical apparatus for describing the distribution of light over the surface and to justify the choice of ways to characterize the degree of lighting uniformity.\u0000Materials and Methods. The basic concepts of the subject area such as lighting, lighting body, horizontal lighting curve, luminous intensity curve are considered in terms of theoretical photometry. To assess the energy and ecological friendliness of the greenhouse horticulture, the lighting efficiency factor was used. Various methods for determining the average lighting value are presented. The formulas for the uniformity coefficients are presented. Experimental verification was carried out on a horizontal plane simulating a surface for growing plants. A luminary with a round-symmetric light distribution was used.\u0000Results. It has been found that the lighting values calculated by the proposed method at various points of the illuminated surface correspond to the experimentally obtained values. It has been shown that the coefficient taking into account the pattern of lighting distribution over all points of the surface carries a lot of information about the uniformity. A frequency graph for the lighting distribution value has been constructed and its practical applicability has been substantiated. The relationship between the lighting efficiency and uniformity of the generated lighting has been revealed. With reduced suspension height of the luminary, it is possible to increase significantly the lighting efficiency factor, however, the lighting uniformity deteriorates sharply.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. There is proposed a method for assessing the energy efficiency by the lighting efficiency factor, which determines the proportion of the useful lighting falling on the surface in the total lighting generated by light sources. It is suggested that this indicator can characterize the ecological quality of photoculture, since it has been established its relationship with the uniformity of the created lighting, the impact of which on photoculture is described in the literature.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72766600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.031.202103.449-469
S. Nikolenko, L. Konevtsov, P. Gordienko, E. S. Panin, S. Velichko
Introduction. Electrospark alloying is used to produce hardening coatings. Anodic materials with unique properties include metal matrix composites based on aluminum. The aim of the work is to develop new aluminum matrix anode composite materials with high efficiency indicators during electrospark alloying of carbon steel 45. Materials and Methods. Structural carbon steel 45 was used as the substrate (cathode). Aluminum matrix materials are chosen as the anode materials. The value of the cathode weight increment and the anode erosion were determined by the gravimetric method on the Shinko Denshi HTR-220 CE electronic scale with an accuracy of ±∙10–4 g. To study the microstructure and metallography of the surface of the anode materials, the microscopes EVO-50 XVP and Altami MET 3 APO from S. ZEISS were used. The device CALOTEST CSM Instruments was used to study coatings for microabrasive wear. Results. There is developed a methodological scheme for achieving the efficiency of the electric spark alloying parameters and the properties of the doped layer depending on the composition of the anodic metal matrix composite material based on aluminum with the addition of chromium and processing modes. The mode of Institute of Materials Science electrospark installation with pulse energy of 14.4 J was set for anode material application during electrospark alloying. It is established that after electric spark alloying of steel 45, the hardness and wear resistance of the surface increase by 2-3 times, and the heat resistance ‒ by 5–18 times. Discussion and Conclusion. The series of increasing the cathode mass, the erosion resistance of the electrode materials, mass transfer coefficient, heat resistance, hardness and wear resistance of the alloyed layer are obtained. The obtained series are a convenient tool for achieving various efficiency parameters in electric spark alloying depending on the selected anode material and processing modes.
{"title":"Effect of Chromium Addition and Regimes during Electrospark Alloying with Aluminum Matrix Anode Material of Steel 45","authors":"S. Nikolenko, L. Konevtsov, P. Gordienko, E. S. Panin, S. Velichko","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.031.202103.449-469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202103.449-469","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Electrospark alloying is used to produce hardening coatings. Anodic materials with unique properties include metal matrix composites based on aluminum. The aim of the work is to develop new aluminum matrix anode composite materials with high efficiency indicators during electrospark alloying of carbon steel 45.\u0000Materials and Methods. Structural carbon steel 45 was used as the substrate (cathode). Aluminum matrix materials are chosen as the anode materials. The value of the cathode weight increment and the anode erosion were determined by the gravimetric method on the Shinko Denshi HTR-220 CE electronic scale with an accuracy of ±∙10–4 g. To study the microstructure and metallography of the surface of the anode materials, the microscopes EVO-50 XVP and Altami MET 3 APO from S. ZEISS were used. The device CALOTEST CSM Instruments was used to study coatings for microabrasive wear.\u0000Results. There is developed a methodological scheme for achieving the efficiency of the electric spark alloying parameters and the properties of the doped layer depending on the composition of the anodic metal matrix composite material based on aluminum with the addition of chromium and processing modes. The mode of Institute of Materials Science electrospark installation with pulse energy of 14.4 J was set for anode material application during electrospark alloying. It is established that after electric spark alloying of steel 45, the hardness and wear resistance of the surface increase by 2-3 times, and the heat resistance ‒ by 5–18 times.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The series of increasing the cathode mass, the erosion resistance of the electrode materials, mass transfer coefficient, heat resistance, hardness and wear resistance of the alloyed layer are obtained. The obtained series are a convenient tool for achieving various efficiency parameters in electric spark alloying depending on the selected anode material and processing modes.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72494152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.031.202103.380-402
A. Dorokhov, A. V. Sibirev, A. Aksenov, M. Mosyakov
Introduction. An increase in crop production from the growing area of both vegetable root crops and all agricultural products results in grows of the load on the machine-technology complex when harvesting. The reason is that in the structure of machine-technological complexes there are not devices providing the qualitative screening of the heap incoming for processing. The purpose of the study is to identify the areas with the minimum value of soil screening on the rod elevator surface depending on the elevator apron angle and to develop recommendations and proposals for improving the separation quality. Materials and Methods. The article describes the methodology and results of laboratory studies of rod elevators with an asymmetric arrangement of web agitators and an adjustable elevator apron angle to determine the soil screening quality on its surface. We used the method of comprehensive assessment of the quality and stability of technological operations based on quantitative optimization criteria. Results. The highest value of the screened soil weight is at the wavelength attenuation section of the rod elevator working branch 1,020 mm cause by action of the elliptical web agitator at an elevation angle of 5 gon. Discussion and Conclusion. The rod elevator with asymmetric arrangement of web agitators and adjustable elevator apron angle increases the soil screening quality along the entire length of the elevator apron by 10 %, and therefore increases the completeness of separation of root crops from soil impurities.
{"title":"Results of Laboratory Studies of Soil Sifting in a Rod Elevator with Asymmetric Arrangement of Web Agitators and Adjustable Elevator Apron Angle","authors":"A. Dorokhov, A. V. Sibirev, A. Aksenov, M. Mosyakov","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.031.202103.380-402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202103.380-402","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. An increase in crop production from the growing area of both vegetable root crops and all agricultural products results in grows of the load on the machine-technology complex when harvesting. The reason is that in the structure of machine-technological complexes there are not devices providing the qualitative screening of the heap incoming for processing. The purpose of the study is to identify the areas with the minimum value of soil screening on the rod elevator surface depending on the elevator apron angle and to develop recommendations and proposals for improving the separation quality.\u0000Materials and Methods. The article describes the methodology and results of laboratory studies of rod elevators with an asymmetric arrangement of web agitators and an adjustable elevator apron angle to determine the soil screening quality on its surface. We used the method of comprehensive assessment of the quality and stability of technological operations based on quantitative optimization criteria.\u0000Results. The highest value of the screened soil weight is at the wavelength attenuation section of the rod elevator working branch 1,020 mm cause by action of the elliptical web agitator at an elevation angle of 5 gon.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The rod elevator with asymmetric arrangement of web agitators and adjustable elevator apron angle increases the soil screening quality along the entire length of the elevator apron by 10 %, and therefore increases the completeness of separation of root crops from soil impurities.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89706760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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