Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.033.202302.175-191
N. Dzhabborov, A. Dobrinov, Anatoliy P. Saveluev
Introduction. Tillage is the most important part of the agricultural crops cultivation technology. Currently, tillage accounts for 35‒40% of the energy consumption of the total volume of field work and up to 20% of the energy consumed in the agriculture sector. Tillage allows regulating the water-air regime and the intensity of biological processes, maintaining the necessary phytosanitary condition of the soil and crops. The energy intensity and quality of tillage depends on the degree of excellence of technical means. Mathematical modeling of the tillage process by various soil-cultivating working bodies is an urgent task to develop more advanced energy-efficient technical means. Aim of the Article. The purpose of the research is to develop mathematical models for determining and analyzing the indicators of tilling the soil by the bracket-shaped working body. Materials and Methods. In the process of theoretical studies of the bracket-shaped tillage working body for continuous surface tillage, there were used the methods of analysis, generalization and systematization, theoretical mechanics, mathematical statistics and modeling, probability theory, differential calculation, and the theory of interaction of working bodies with soil and their movement over the field surface. Results. The analytical models for determining the pressure, traction resistance, the total force of the soil layer compression, the time of passage of the working body, the required power and the quantity of energy expended on compression of the soil layer depending on the speed of the working body movement are obtained. Graphic dependencies of the investigated parameters of the bracket-shaped tillage working body are presented. The dynamics of parameter changes is identified. Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed mathematical models and the revealed regularities of changing the parameters of tilling the soil by the closed-cycle working body a will make it possible to develop new effective working bodies and optimize the design, technological parameters and modes of their operation.
{"title":"Modeling of the Tillage Process by the Method of Stress Concentration in the Tilled Layer","authors":"N. Dzhabborov, A. Dobrinov, Anatoliy P. Saveluev","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.033.202302.175-191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202302.175-191","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Tillage is the most important part of the agricultural crops cultivation technology. Currently, tillage accounts for 35‒40% of the energy consumption of the total volume of field work and up to 20% of the energy consumed in the agriculture sector. Tillage allows regulating the water-air regime and the intensity of biological processes, maintaining the necessary phytosanitary condition of the soil and crops. The energy intensity and quality of tillage depends on the degree of excellence of technical means. Mathematical modeling of the tillage process by various soil-cultivating working bodies is an urgent task to develop more advanced energy-efficient technical means.\u0000Aim of the Article. The purpose of the research is to develop mathematical models for determining and analyzing the indicators of tilling the soil by the bracket-shaped working body.\u0000Materials and Methods. In the process of theoretical studies of the bracket-shaped tillage working body for continuous surface tillage, there were used the methods of analysis, generalization and systematization, theoretical mechanics, mathematical statistics and modeling, probability theory, differential calculation, and the theory of interaction of working bodies with soil and their movement over the field surface.\u0000Results. The analytical models for determining the pressure, traction resistance, the total force of the soil layer compression, the time of passage of the working body, the required power and the quantity of energy expended on compression of the soil layer depending on the speed of the working body movement are obtained. Graphic dependencies of the investigated parameters of the bracket-shaped tillage working body are presented. The dynamics of parameter changes is identified.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed mathematical models and the revealed regularities of changing the parameters of tilling the soil by the closed-cycle working body a will make it possible to develop new effective working bodies and optimize the design, technological parameters and modes of their operation.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87079599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.033.202302.207-218
N. A. Penkov, S. Zhachkin, A. Zavrazhnov
Introduction. The article deals with the problem of calculating the strength of the shaft of the wheel drive of agricultural machinery. The strength conditions of both the maximum torque and the values of relative deformations of the shaft are taken into account. Aim of the Article. Of the research is to determine the limits of external influences on a structural element, caused by the distributed weight of the motor-tractor machinery, at which it is necessary to construct not only the torque and strain diagrams, but also to determine the extreme values at each section, where the strength index of the structure is nonlinear. Materials and Methods. In calculations, the main provisions of continuum mechanics, theory of machines and mechanisms, as well as the basics of design in mechanical engineering are used. Central attention is paid to the influence of external influencing factors on the character of internal force distribution in the shaft. Results. The obtained area of variation of parameters P-q allows us to determine the necessity of more detailed calculation of strength parameters of the considered part. This is due to the emergence of extreme areas outside the boundaries of individual areas of consideration of the shaft work. The results are presented as a two-dimensional graph of the ratio of external influences, at which the specified effect takes place. Discussion and Conclusion. In comparison with typical calculations, regulated by normative documents, the proposed algorithm at the preliminary stage allows to determine the cases when nonlinear regions of bending moment changes require additional investigations. The use of the proposed algorithm allows, without resorting to time-consuming numerical methods of calculating the strength indicators of a wheel drive shaft, such as the finite element method, to obtain a more detailed picture of the nature of distribution of internal forces and deformations in the part under study.
{"title":"Determination of the Boundaries of Changes in External Parameters that Complicate the Calculation of the Suspension of Agricultural Machinery","authors":"N. A. Penkov, S. Zhachkin, A. Zavrazhnov","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.033.202302.207-218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202302.207-218","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article deals with the problem of calculating the strength of the shaft of the wheel drive of agricultural machinery. The strength conditions of both the maximum torque and the values of relative deformations of the shaft are taken into account.\u0000Aim of the Article. Of the research is to determine the limits of external influences on a structural element, caused by the distributed weight of the motor-tractor machinery, at which it is necessary to construct not only the torque and strain diagrams, but also to determine the extreme values at each section, where the strength index of the structure is nonlinear.\u0000Materials and Methods. In calculations, the main provisions of continuum mechanics, theory of machines and mechanisms, as well as the basics of design in mechanical engineering are used. Central attention is paid to the influence of external influencing factors on the character of internal force distribution in the shaft.\u0000Results. The obtained area of variation of parameters P-q allows us to determine the necessity of more detailed calculation of strength parameters of the considered part. This is due to the emergence of extreme areas outside the boundaries of individual areas of consideration of the shaft work. The results are presented as a two-dimensional graph of the ratio of external influences, at which the specified effect takes place.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. In comparison with typical calculations, regulated by normative documents, the proposed algorithm at the preliminary stage allows to determine the cases when nonlinear regions of bending moment changes require additional investigations. The use of the proposed algorithm allows, without resorting to time-consuming numerical methods of calculating the strength indicators of a wheel drive shaft, such as the finite element method, to obtain a more detailed picture of the nature of distribution of internal forces and deformations in the part under study.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79260711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.033.202302.219-236
V. Ozherelev, V. Nikitin
Introduction. Reducing the distance of throwing soil into the zone around bushes and maintaining a leveled surface between rows of berry crops are urgent scientific problems. Aim of the Article. To identify the basic parameters for the interaction of a spherical disk with waterlogged soil and on this basis to develop the technical solution for reducing the distance of soil throwing away in space between rows of berry crops. Materials and Methods. The object of research is an orchard disc harrow equipped with a protective shield mounted in front of the outermost disc of the tool front panel. The subject of the research is the process of interaction of the end disc of the front harrow plate with the waterlogged soil in berry plantations. The length of the protective shield and its spatial orientation were chosen as optimization parameters for field experiments. The quality evaluation of intertillage of the berry plantations was carried out by profiling their surfaces. Results. Based on the results of theoretical studies, it was found that the angle of inclination of the protective shield in the horizontal plane should be within 53–54°, and with respect to the movement of the harrow – 50–58°. The results of field experiments have confirmed the theoretical conclusions. It has been established that only a protective shield, the length of which is 450 mm and the installation angle of 50°, allows completely eliminating the side throw of the soil beyond the width of the tool. In addition, these parameters ensure the stable operation of the disc tool in almost any soil moisture and weed infestation of space between berry bushes. Discussion and Conclusion. The use of a modernized tillage tool made it possible to exclude the soil throwing into the bush zone to increase the speed of the unit by 25%.
{"title":"Improving the Design of the Disc Harrow for Berry Plantations","authors":"V. Ozherelev, V. Nikitin","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.033.202302.219-236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202302.219-236","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Reducing the distance of throwing soil into the zone around bushes and maintaining a leveled surface between rows of berry crops are urgent scientific problems.\u0000Aim of the Article. To identify the basic parameters for the interaction of a spherical disk with waterlogged soil and on this basis to develop the technical solution for reducing the distance of soil throwing away in space between rows of berry crops.\u0000Materials and Methods. The object of research is an orchard disc harrow equipped with a protective shield mounted in front of the outermost disc of the tool front panel. The subject of the research is the process of interaction of the end disc of the front harrow plate with the waterlogged soil in berry plantations. The length of the protective shield and its spatial orientation were chosen as optimization parameters for field experiments. The quality evaluation of intertillage of the berry plantations was carried out by profiling their surfaces.\u0000Results. Based on the results of theoretical studies, it was found that the angle of inclination of the protective shield in the horizontal plane should be within 53–54°, and with respect to the movement of the harrow – 50–58°. The results of field experiments have confirmed the theoretical conclusions. It has been established that only a protective shield, the length of which is 450 mm and the installation angle of 50°, allows completely eliminating the side throw of the soil beyond the width of the tool. In addition, these parameters ensure the stable operation of the disc tool in almost any soil moisture and weed infestation of space between berry bushes.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The use of a modernized tillage tool made it possible to exclude the soil throwing into the bush zone to increase the speed of the unit by 25%.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81406952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.033.202302.154-174
Evgeny V. Truflyak, V. E. Khusnetdinov
Introduction. Rice grawing is an important branch of crop sector in Kuban, which produces about 80% of Russian rice. One of the significant factors reducing the yield of this crop is the presence of high-stemmed weeds growing in the canals and on the rollers of the rice paddy fields. The problem is the lack of structural and technological scheme for the sprayer to protect the rice irrigation system from the reeds providing local treatment of their panicles. When treating the weeds that are on the perimeter of the rice paddy field, the unit is under the influence of disturbances that arise from the unevenness of the relief of the field. These disturbances cause oscillation of the boom in the vertical and horizontal directions, which has a negative impact on the quality of processing the reed panicles. Aim of the Article. The work is aimed at increasing the efficiency of rice paddy fields protection from the reeds by substantiating the design and technological scheme of the sprayer for local treatment of the reed panicles and the model of the sprayer movement according the relief of the rice cheek. Materials and Methods. In theoretical studies, the mathematics and theoretical mechanics methods were used. Experimental studies were conducted on rice irrigation systems of Krasnoarmeiskiy district of Krasnodar region using planning experiments. Results. The design and technological scheme of the sprayer with a right-handed boom, formed according the placement of the reed upper points y = 310,84x0,0955, located in the channel of the paddy field is proposed. Based on the sprayer movement model, the range of boom position variation differs from the regulated value for plowing – 3.1 %; rice stubble – 1.4 %; rape – 0.6 %; clean fallow – 2.3 %; winte r wheat – 1.4 %. Discussion and Conclusion. The obtained data show an insignificant difference in the variation of boom oscillation of the proposed sprayer from the adjustment value, which positively affects the quality and accuracy of treating reed panicles. The obtained results can be used for serial production of sprayers for treating high-stemmed weeds in rice irrigation system and high-growing crops.
{"title":"A Sprayer Movement Model for Treating Reeds in Rice Irrigation System","authors":"Evgeny V. Truflyak, V. E. Khusnetdinov","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.033.202302.154-174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202302.154-174","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Rice grawing is an important branch of crop sector in Kuban, which produces about 80% of Russian rice. One of the significant factors reducing the yield of this crop is the presence of high-stemmed weeds growing in the canals and on the rollers of the rice paddy fields. The problem is the lack of structural and technological scheme for the sprayer to protect the rice irrigation system from the reeds providing local treatment of their panicles. When treating the weeds that are on the perimeter of the rice paddy field, the unit is under the influence of disturbances that arise from the unevenness of the relief of the field. These disturbances cause oscillation of the boom in the vertical and horizontal directions, which has a negative impact on the quality of processing the reed panicles.\u0000Aim of the Article. The work is aimed at increasing the efficiency of rice paddy fields protection from the reeds by substantiating the design and technological scheme of the sprayer for local treatment of the reed panicles and the model of the sprayer movement according the relief of the rice cheek.\u0000Materials and Methods. In theoretical studies, the mathematics and theoretical mechanics methods were used. Experimental studies were conducted on rice irrigation systems of Krasnoarmeiskiy district of Krasnodar region using planning experiments.\u0000Results. The design and technological scheme of the sprayer with a right-handed boom, formed according the placement of the reed upper points y = 310,84x0,0955, located in the channel of the paddy field is proposed. Based on the sprayer movement model, the range of boom position variation differs from the regulated value for plowing – 3.1 %; rice stubble – 1.4 %; rape – 0.6 %; clean fallow – 2.3 %; winte r wheat – 1.4 %.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The obtained data show an insignificant difference in the variation of boom oscillation of the proposed sprayer from the adjustment value, which positively affects the quality and accuracy of treating reed panicles. The obtained results can be used for serial production of sprayers for treating high-stemmed weeds in rice irrigation system and high-growing crops.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83387257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.033.202302.237-255
E. Shalavina, E. Vasilev, E. Papushin
Introduction. There is not enough data on the used intensive technologies of processing pig manure into organic fertilizer to accurately calculate the content of nutrients in the final products and, accordingly, their doses of application. Aim of the Article. To determine the efficiency of pig manure processing technology, which includes liquid fraction rectification, by the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of manure and final products, and to trace the redistributing total nitrogen between the final products on the example of a pilot pig breeding complex production. Materials and Methods. For the study, there was chosen a typical pig-breeding complex, where the pig manure processing included slurry acidification, flocculation, separation into fractions in a decanter centrifuge, rectification of liquid fraction, passive composting of solid fraction, and long-term storing of liquid fraction. The technology allows producing three types of end products: solid organic fertilizer, concentrated liquid (ammonia water), and fertilizer solution. Quantity and quality of pig manure and the end products were calculated by the known methods. Experimental studies were performed to compare the results. Samples were analyzed in the analytical laboratory of Institute for Engineering and Environmental Problems in Agricultural Production in 2022. Three replications were carried out for each sample. The experimental data were statistically analysed in MS Excel. Results. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pig manure, its solid and liquid fractions, and end products were calculated. The difference between the calculated and actual values does not exceed 10.2% that indicates the reliability of calculations. Discussion and Conclusion. The introduction of a new technology at the pig-breeding complex has reduced atmospheric emissions by 10% due to the nitrogen conservation, has reduced operating costs for transporting organic fertilizer by 47% due to the concentration of nutrients in a smaller volume and has improved soil fertility through fertilizer irrigation.
{"title":"Analysis of Manure Separation Technology Efficiency into Fractions Followed by Liquid Fraction Rectification","authors":"E. Shalavina, E. Vasilev, E. Papushin","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.033.202302.237-255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202302.237-255","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. There is not enough data on the used intensive technologies of processing pig manure into organic fertilizer to accurately calculate the content of nutrients in the final products and, accordingly, their doses of application.\u0000Aim of the Article. To determine the efficiency of pig manure processing technology, which includes liquid fraction rectification, by the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of manure and final products, and to trace the redistributing total nitrogen between the final products on the example of a pilot pig breeding complex production.\u0000Materials and Methods. For the study, there was chosen a typical pig-breeding complex, where the pig manure processing included slurry acidification, flocculation, separation into fractions in a decanter centrifuge, rectification of liquid fraction, passive composting of solid fraction, and long-term storing of liquid fraction. The technology allows producing three types of end products: solid organic fertilizer, concentrated liquid (ammonia water), and fertilizer solution. Quantity and quality of pig manure and the end products were calculated by the known methods. Experimental studies were performed to compare the results. Samples were analyzed in the analytical laboratory of Institute for Engineering and Environmental Problems in Agricultural Production in 2022. Three replications were carried out for each sample. The experimental data were statistically analysed in MS Excel.\u0000Results. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pig manure, its solid and liquid fractions, and end products were calculated. The difference between the calculated and actual values does not exceed 10.2% that indicates the reliability of calculations.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The introduction of a new technology at the pig-breeding complex has reduced atmospheric emissions by 10% due to the nitrogen conservation, has reduced operating costs for transporting organic fertilizer by 47% due to the concentration of nutrients in a smaller volume and has improved soil fertility through fertilizer irrigation.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"363 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77333871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.052-067
V. Milyutkin, V. Ovchinnikov
Introduction. The article deals with the study of optimizing the process of using liquid nitrogen mineral fertilizers based on a carbamide-ammonia mixture, both in the serial form of CAS-32 and in the innovative CAS+S (with the addition of a mesoelement-sulfur-S), as a top dressing for winter wheat during tillering in spring. The dressing process was carried out superficially on crops with a serial rod sprayer Tuman-2 with large-drop nozzles and an innovative multi-injector unit Tuman-2M. Aim of the Article. The article aims at justifying rational technologies with the main components of the effective application of CAS on the main types of crops. Materials and Methods. In the course of the study, there were used a common methodology of field experience, OST and GOST standards for testing machines for fertilization. Liquid nitrogen mineral fertilizers CAS-32 and CAS+S produced by PJSC Kuibyshev- Azot and taken as objects of research were introduced by sprayers Tuman-2 and Tuman- 2M manufactured by the company Pegas-Agro LLC. Results. The field comparative tests of innovative technologies for the use of CAS conducted by Samara State Agrarian University showed an increase in the yield of the winter wheat variety Basis to 59.9% compared with the option of dressing crops with ammonium nitrate. In addition, the use of CAS+S increases the class of wheat in protein from class III to class I, in gluten from class III to class II. Discussion and Conclusion. In general, liquid mineral fertilizers of CAS have an advantage over ammonium nitrate, especially in dry years that is very topical in the conditions of predicted global warming. The results obtained are of great importance for the wider introduction of this innovative technology in the agro-industrial complex.
{"title":"Increasing the Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat Grain through the Use of Innovative Fertilizers and Agricultural Machinery","authors":"V. Milyutkin, V. Ovchinnikov","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.052-067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.052-067","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article deals with the study of optimizing the process of using liquid nitrogen mineral fertilizers based on a carbamide-ammonia mixture, both in the serial form of CAS-32 and in the innovative CAS+S (with the addition of a mesoelement-sulfur-S), as a top dressing for winter wheat during tillering in spring. The dressing process was carried out superficially on crops with a serial rod sprayer Tuman-2 with large-drop nozzles and an innovative multi-injector unit Tuman-2M.\u0000Aim of the Article. The article aims at justifying rational technologies with the main components of the effective application of CAS on the main types of crops.\u0000Materials and Methods. In the course of the study, there were used a common methodology of field experience, OST and GOST standards for testing machines for fertilization. Liquid nitrogen mineral fertilizers CAS-32 and CAS+S produced by PJSC Kuibyshev- Azot and taken as objects of research were introduced by sprayers Tuman-2 and Tuman- 2M manufactured by the company Pegas-Agro LLC.\u0000Results. The field comparative tests of innovative technologies for the use of CAS conducted by Samara State Agrarian University showed an increase in the yield of the winter wheat variety Basis to 59.9% compared with the option of dressing crops with ammonium nitrate. In addition, the use of CAS+S increases the class of wheat in protein from class III to class I, in gluten from class III to class II.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. In general, liquid mineral fertilizers of CAS have an advantage over ammonium nitrate, especially in dry years that is very topical in the conditions of predicted global warming. The results obtained are of great importance for the wider introduction of this innovative technology in the agro-industrial complex.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86128037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.010-020
B. Tarasenko, Vitaly V. Kuzmin, I. Troyanovskaya, S. Partko, S. Voinash
Introduction. At present, there is widely used smooth plowing, which is moldboard plowing without back ridges and deep furrows. Aim of the Article. The article deals with developing a new design of working tools for smooth soil plowing that ensure the fulfillment of the required quality of soil cultivation. Materials and Methods. Based on the analysis of existing designs, the authors developed a harrow with a turning disc section, which is characterized by increased operational reliability by reducing energy costs for its adjustment. The range of change in the approach angle of the disk working bodies is 5–45°. Results. It was found that the speed of movement and the inclination angle disks have the greatest influence on the tillage quality. To optimize the motion parameters with a turning disk section for the best smooth plowing quality, a two-factor experiment was carried out. Discussion and Conclusion. As a result, it was found that at a speed of 9.113 km/h and approach angle of working disks of 32°, the quality of tillage is maximum and amounts to 86.1%.
{"title":"Harrow with Turning Disc Section","authors":"B. Tarasenko, Vitaly V. Kuzmin, I. Troyanovskaya, S. Partko, S. Voinash","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.010-020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.010-020","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. At present, there is widely used smooth plowing, which is moldboard plowing without back ridges and deep furrows.\u0000Aim of the Article. The article deals with developing a new design of working tools for smooth soil plowing that ensure the fulfillment of the required quality of soil cultivation.\u0000Materials and Methods. Based on the analysis of existing designs, the authors developed a harrow with a turning disc section, which is characterized by increased operational reliability by reducing energy costs for its adjustment. The range of change in the approach angle of the disk working bodies is 5–45°.\u0000Results. It was found that the speed of movement and the inclination angle disks have the greatest influence on the tillage quality. To optimize the motion parameters with a turning disk section for the best smooth plowing quality, a two-factor experiment was carried out.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. As a result, it was found that at a speed of 9.113 km/h and approach angle of working disks of 32°, the quality of tillage is maximum and amounts to 86.1%.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79925164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.128-139
A. Gavrilov, Yuriy B. Gerber
Introduction. The production of modern technologies should take into account a comprehensive analysis of energy, biotechnological and thermophysical phenomena. The main processes in food technologies are the processes of heat and mass transfer, which need to be intensified. Aim of the Article. The aim of the work is studying the mechanisms and modeling the kinetics of heat and mass transfer in the microware field in the technologies for complex processing of food raw materials. Materials and Methods. The combination of thermal, hydrodynamic and diffusion driving forces with their coordinated action is able to solve problematic issues of processing raw materials, primarily food. Using the principles of the similarity theory, there is proposed a dimensionless complex – the number of energy action, which reflects the influence of the electromagnetic field. Results. Direct, targeted energy supply to the liquid phase of raw materials makes it possible to obtain a solid phase in the apparatus. These are fundamentally new features for the dehydration process. Boil-off rates at constant electromagnetic field intensity depend only on the solvent type. As a result of processing all experimental points, a criterion equation was obtained, it establishes the dependence of the energy action number on the dimensionless pressure and the dimensionless heat of the phase transition. Discussion and Conclusion. There are developed a new class of heat and mass exchange equipment ‒ electrodynamic apparatuses. The experimental results suggest that the flow from capillaries and nano-capillaries is initiated much faster when organizing the processes of targeted energy delivery with the involvement of pulsed microware field. An important advantage of electrodynamic extractors is the possibility of obtaining polyextracts. Food technologies with targeted energy delivery during evaporating, drying and extracting are resource- and energy-efficient and ensure full preservation of raw material potential.
{"title":"Targeted Energy Delivery and Heat-Mass Transfer Processes in Systems with Nano-, Micro-, and Macroelements","authors":"A. Gavrilov, Yuriy B. Gerber","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.128-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.128-139","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The production of modern technologies should take into account a comprehensive analysis of energy, biotechnological and thermophysical phenomena. The main processes in food technologies are the processes of heat and mass transfer, which need to be intensified.\u0000Aim of the Article. The aim of the work is studying the mechanisms and modeling the kinetics of heat and mass transfer in the microware field in the technologies for complex processing of food raw materials.\u0000Materials and Methods. The combination of thermal, hydrodynamic and diffusion driving forces with their coordinated action is able to solve problematic issues of processing raw materials, primarily food. Using the principles of the similarity theory, there is proposed a dimensionless complex – the number of energy action, which reflects the influence of the electromagnetic field.\u0000Results. Direct, targeted energy supply to the liquid phase of raw materials makes it possible to obtain a solid phase in the apparatus. These are fundamentally new features for the dehydration process. Boil-off rates at constant electromagnetic field intensity depend only on the solvent type. As a result of processing all experimental points, a criterion equation was obtained, it establishes the dependence of the energy action number on the dimensionless pressure and the dimensionless heat of the phase transition.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. There are developed a new class of heat and mass exchange equipment ‒ electrodynamic apparatuses. The experimental results suggest that the flow from capillaries and nano-capillaries is initiated much faster when organizing the processes of targeted energy delivery with the involvement of pulsed microware field. An important advantage of electrodynamic extractors is the possibility of obtaining polyextracts. Food technologies with targeted energy delivery during evaporating, drying and extracting are resource- and energy-efficient and ensure full preservation of raw material potential.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84054845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.100-113
S. Plotnikov, A. Kartashevich, G. E. Zabolotskikh
Introduction. Physico-chemical properties of the diesel fuel emulsion with Brassica rapa oil and ethanol have been studied. The use of blended fuel does not make structural changes in the engine, but only the improvement of the attachments: the power supply system of the internal combustion engine. Aim of the Article. The article aims at determining the effect of additives of Brassica rapa oil and ethanol in commercial diesel fuel in different quantities on such indicators as density, kinematic viscosity, and the lowest specific heat of combustion of mixtures and determining the optimal mixture of fuels for bench tests on the diesel. Materials and Methods. There were used the following equipment: laboratory scales VIBRAAJH-620CE, pycnometer PZh2-10-KSh 7/16, viscosimeter VPZh-2, and electronic stopwatch. Results. The dependence between the density, kinematic viscosity and concentration of additives in blended fuels has been determined. The relationship between the kinematic viscosity of oils and the lower specific heat of combustion has been noted. The dynamics of a decrease in the average lower specific heat of combustion of blends relative to an increase in the concentration of blended fuels is presented. Discussion and Conclusion. For bench tests on the engine, there were selected two blends 10% Brasssica rapa +10% Ethanol+80% Diesel and 25% Brasssica rapa +25% Ethanol +50% Diesel. When selecting the mixtures, the focus was on 4 parameters: kinematic viscosity, density, stability time, and lower specific heat of combustion.
{"title":"The Study of Compositions and Methods of Supplying New Fuels with Additives of Brassica Rapa Oil to the Diesel","authors":"S. Plotnikov, A. Kartashevich, G. E. Zabolotskikh","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.100-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.100-113","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Physico-chemical properties of the diesel fuel emulsion with Brassica rapa oil and ethanol have been studied. The use of blended fuel does not make structural changes in the engine, but only the improvement of the attachments: the power supply system of the internal combustion engine.\u0000Aim of the Article. The article aims at determining the effect of additives of Brassica rapa oil and ethanol in commercial diesel fuel in different quantities on such indicators as density, kinematic viscosity, and the lowest specific heat of combustion of mixtures and determining the optimal mixture of fuels for bench tests on the diesel.\u0000Materials and Methods. There were used the following equipment: laboratory scales VIBRAAJH-620CE, pycnometer PZh2-10-KSh 7/16, viscosimeter VPZh-2, and electronic stopwatch.\u0000Results. The dependence between the density, kinematic viscosity and concentration of additives in blended fuels has been determined. The relationship between the kinematic viscosity of oils and the lower specific heat of combustion has been noted. The dynamics of a decrease in the average lower specific heat of combustion of blends relative to an increase in the concentration of blended fuels is presented.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. For bench tests on the engine, there were selected two blends 10% Brasssica rapa +10% Ethanol+80% Diesel and 25% Brasssica rapa +25% Ethanol +50% Diesel. When selecting the mixtures, the focus was on 4 parameters: kinematic viscosity, density, stability time, and lower specific heat of combustion.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72705441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.068-078
A. Levtsev, Evgeniy S. Lapin, Daifen Chen
Introduction. The article concentrates on improving the efficiency of double-circuit diaphragm pumps, which can be successfully used in heat and water supply systems of industrial and agricultural facilities where there is excess head. It is advisable to equip double-circuit diaphragm pumps with disc-shaped diaphragms interconnected by a rod, for example, from motor vehicles, and to drive them from the available head of the hydraulic network. In order to increase the efficiency of their work and further use, it is necessary to predict the hydraulic characteristics according to the geometric parameters of the membranes and the cycle of their operation in dynamics. Aim of the Article. The article aims at obtaining adequate calculated dependencies of pumped liquid flow rate on speed of double-circuit diaphragm pumps. Materials and Methods. There were used the idealization method from differential geometry, physical experiment, and mathematical statistics to solve the tasks for identifying the relationship between the rod motion and the liquid flow rate for a poppet diaphragm with different geometric surfaces in dynamics. There have been obtained the dependences of pumped liquid volume on the movement of the point of attachment by the poppet diaphragm and the volume flow rate on the movement speed of the point of attachment by the poppet diaphragm with specific geometric parameters for the parabolic and chain line. An experimental testing of the dependence of displaced pumped liquid flow rate on the movement of the attachment point to the stem for the diaphragm type 30 was carried out. Results. Based on the obtained dependences of the volume flow rate on the speed of movement of the point of attachment by a poppet diaphragm with specific geometric parameters for a parabolic and chain line, there were constructed the graphs of dependences of the volume flow rate on the frequency of the working cycle. For practical implementation, there are proposed the dependencies for constructing the hydraulic characteristics of a two-circuit membrane (the dependence of the volume flow rate on the frequency of the working cycle) obtained on the basis of a parabolic interpretation. Discussion and Conclusion. The hydraulic characteristics of a two-circuit membrane pump are close to the equation of a straight line and are consistent with experimental dependencies within 4%.
{"title":"The Use of Disk-Shaped Diaphragm of Vehicles in Double-Circuit Diaphragm Pumps","authors":"A. Levtsev, Evgeniy S. Lapin, Daifen Chen","doi":"10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.068-078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.068-078","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article concentrates on improving the efficiency of double-circuit diaphragm pumps, which can be successfully used in heat and water supply systems of industrial and agricultural facilities where there is excess head. It is advisable to equip double-circuit diaphragm pumps with disc-shaped diaphragms interconnected by a rod, for example, from motor vehicles, and to drive them from the available head of the hydraulic network. In order to increase the efficiency of their work and further use, it is necessary to predict the hydraulic characteristics according to the geometric parameters of the membranes and the cycle of their operation in dynamics.\u0000Aim of the Article. The article aims at obtaining adequate calculated dependencies of pumped liquid flow rate on speed of double-circuit diaphragm pumps.\u0000Materials and Methods. There were used the idealization method from differential geometry, physical experiment, and mathematical statistics to solve the tasks for identifying the relationship between the rod motion and the liquid flow rate for a poppet diaphragm with different geometric surfaces in dynamics. There have been obtained the dependences of pumped liquid volume on the movement of the point of attachment by the poppet diaphragm and the volume flow rate on the movement speed of the point of attachment by the poppet diaphragm with specific geometric parameters for the parabolic and chain line. An experimental testing of the dependence of displaced pumped liquid flow rate on the movement of the attachment point to the stem for the diaphragm type 30 was carried out.\u0000Results. Based on the obtained dependences of the volume flow rate on the speed of movement of the point of attachment by a poppet diaphragm with specific geometric parameters for a parabolic and chain line, there were constructed the graphs of dependences of the volume flow rate on the frequency of the working cycle. For practical implementation, there are proposed the dependencies for constructing the hydraulic characteristics of a two-circuit membrane (the dependence of the volume flow rate on the frequency of the working cycle) obtained on the basis of a parabolic interpretation.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion. The hydraulic characteristics of a two-circuit membrane pump are close to the equation of a straight line and are consistent with experimental dependencies within 4%.","PeriodicalId":53796,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Technologies and Systems","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81696305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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