首页 > 最新文献

Casopis za Suvremenu Povijest最新文献

英文 中文
Imperial Ruin and Military Waste on Johnston Atoll 约翰斯顿环礁上的帝国废墟和军事废弃物
IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.1177/00220094231182443
R. Patel
In 1970, the United States military was ordered to halt the use of herbicides in the Vietnam War. The suspension pre-empted a series of considerations by the military to determine what to do with the millions of gallons of surplus herbicides, such as Agent Orange, White, and Blue. In 1972, in response to a directive to return all Agent Orange stock to the continental United States for disposal, officials moved the herbicides to Johnston Atoll in the Pacific Ocean. In the 1980s, Johnston Atoll was slowly transformed into the site of the US military's first chemical munitions incineration facility. The military's use of the Atoll as a munitions waste site offers material and historical traces of the vast and continued global circulation of US military waste, how the military conceptualized the ‘destruction’ of such waste, and where it was deemed acceptable to house and carry out these attempts of waste removal. Drawing from primary sources including military scientific studies and correspondence, and situated within environmental justice and postcolonial science studies scholarship, I offer a reading of the Atoll as a place that was used to obscure, yet laid bare, several unattended histories and contemporalities of US empire.
1970年,美国军方被命令停止在越南战争中使用除草剂。军方在决定如何处理数百万加仑的过剩除草剂(如橙剂、白剂和蓝剂)时,暂停了一系列考虑。1972年,为了响应将所有橙剂库存运回美国大陆进行处置的指令,官员们将这些除草剂转移到了太平洋的约翰斯顿环礁。在20世纪80年代,约翰斯顿环礁慢慢变成了美军第一个化学弹药焚化设施的所在地。军方使用环礁作为军需品废料场提供了大量和持续的美国军事废料全球循环的材料和历史痕迹,军方如何概念化这些废物的“破坏”,以及在哪里被认为是可以接受的,并进行这些废物清除的尝试。从主要来源,包括军事科学研究和通信,并位于环境正义和后殖民科学研究奖学金,我提供了一个阅读环礁作为一个地方,被用来模糊,但裸露,几个无人看管的历史和美国帝国的当代性。
{"title":"Imperial Ruin and Military Waste on Johnston Atoll","authors":"R. Patel","doi":"10.1177/00220094231182443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220094231182443","url":null,"abstract":"In 1970, the United States military was ordered to halt the use of herbicides in the Vietnam War. The suspension pre-empted a series of considerations by the military to determine what to do with the millions of gallons of surplus herbicides, such as Agent Orange, White, and Blue. In 1972, in response to a directive to return all Agent Orange stock to the continental United States for disposal, officials moved the herbicides to Johnston Atoll in the Pacific Ocean. In the 1980s, Johnston Atoll was slowly transformed into the site of the US military's first chemical munitions incineration facility. The military's use of the Atoll as a munitions waste site offers material and historical traces of the vast and continued global circulation of US military waste, how the military conceptualized the ‘destruction’ of such waste, and where it was deemed acceptable to house and carry out these attempts of waste removal. Drawing from primary sources including military scientific studies and correspondence, and situated within environmental justice and postcolonial science studies scholarship, I offer a reading of the Atoll as a place that was used to obscure, yet laid bare, several unattended histories and contemporalities of US empire.","PeriodicalId":53857,"journal":{"name":"Casopis za Suvremenu Povijest","volume":"23 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41261977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unpacking Western Anticolonialism: Jagi-Jagi and the Second Spanish Republic, 1931–6 揭开西方反殖民主义的面纱:贾吉与西班牙第二共和国,1931-6
IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-06-18 DOI: 10.1177/00220094231180843
Maria Reyes Baztán
This article explores the appropriation of anticolonial language by the Basque radical newsletter and organization Jagi-Jagi (Arise-Arise). Although Jagi-Jagi initially emerged under the doctrine of the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) in 1932, the newsletter and organization offered a more radical form of nationalism than the official party, which during the Second Spanish Republic sought the approval of a Basque Statue of Autonomy. One of the most visible features of Jagi-Jagi's radicalism was its anticolonialism, a facet that scholars have previously failed to explore. Jagi-Jagi constantly equated the situation of the Basque Country to that of other colonies and condemned both internal and international colonialism. This article explores both the national and international dimensions of Jagi-Jagi's anticolonialism and considers the motives behind such anticolonial claims. It also analyses the set of complex and often-contradictory ideas that existed within Jagi-Jagi's discourses on race and claims that they responded to the different uses of Basque anticolonialism. The case study of Jagi-Jagi and its racial discourse serve to elucidate the complexities of western anticolonialism.
本文探讨了巴斯克激进通讯和组织Jagi Jagi(Arise Arise)对反殖民语言的挪用。尽管Jagi Jagi最初是在1932年巴斯克民族主义党(PNV)的学说下出现的,但该通讯和组织提供了比官方政党更激进的民族主义形式,后者在西班牙第二共和国期间寻求批准巴斯克自治雕像。贾吉·贾吉激进主义最明显的特征之一是其反殖民主义,这是学者们以前未能探索的一个方面。贾吉·贾吉不断将巴斯克国家的情况等同于其他殖民地的情况,并谴责国内和国际殖民主义。本文探讨了贾吉·贾吉反殖民主义的国家和国际层面,并思考了这种反殖民主张背后的动机。它还分析了贾吉·贾吉关于种族的论述中存在的一系列复杂且往往矛盾的思想,并声称这些思想对巴斯克反殖民主义的不同用途做出了回应。贾吉·贾吉及其种族话语的个案研究有助于阐明西方反殖民主义的复杂性。
{"title":"Unpacking Western Anticolonialism: Jagi-Jagi and the Second Spanish Republic, 1931–6","authors":"Maria Reyes Baztán","doi":"10.1177/00220094231180843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220094231180843","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the appropriation of anticolonial language by the Basque radical newsletter and organization Jagi-Jagi (Arise-Arise). Although Jagi-Jagi initially emerged under the doctrine of the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) in 1932, the newsletter and organization offered a more radical form of nationalism than the official party, which during the Second Spanish Republic sought the approval of a Basque Statue of Autonomy. One of the most visible features of Jagi-Jagi's radicalism was its anticolonialism, a facet that scholars have previously failed to explore. Jagi-Jagi constantly equated the situation of the Basque Country to that of other colonies and condemned both internal and international colonialism. This article explores both the national and international dimensions of Jagi-Jagi's anticolonialism and considers the motives behind such anticolonial claims. It also analyses the set of complex and often-contradictory ideas that existed within Jagi-Jagi's discourses on race and claims that they responded to the different uses of Basque anticolonialism. The case study of Jagi-Jagi and its racial discourse serve to elucidate the complexities of western anticolonialism.","PeriodicalId":53857,"journal":{"name":"Casopis za Suvremenu Povijest","volume":"58 1","pages":"591 - 612"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49261060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Legacies of Transition, Street Renaming and the Material Heritage of Communist Dictatorship in Poland 波兰共产主义独裁政权的转型遗产、街道更名与物质遗产
IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-06-04 DOI: 10.1177/00220094231178691
Ewa Ochman
The fall of communism in Eastern Europe did not bring about a radical and immediate destruction of the material heritage of communist dictatorships in the region. In fact, the process of de-commemoration has been more contested and more protracted than had been anticipated. Thus, what warrants a closer consideration is why this is the case since on the whole public acceptance of the regime change has been very high. This paper considers the case of Poland, the country of the Solidarity movement, which played a major role in the fall of communism in the region. The two-decade-long history of the right-wing nationalists’ attempts to legislate street renaming culminating in the so-called de-communization law of 2016 will serve as a lens for investigating the responses that favoured the de-communization of public space. The paper argues that the protracted nature of the remaking of public landscape in Poland has been the result of the country's transitional legacies and different approaches to transitional justice among the former dissident opposition.
东欧共产主义的垮台并没有对该地区共产主义独裁政权的物质遗产造成彻底和立即的破坏。事实上,取消纪念的进程比预期的更有争议和更持久。因此,值得仔细考虑的是,既然公众对政权更迭的接受程度总体上非常高,为什么会出现这种情况。本文以波兰为例,这个团结工会运动的国家在共产主义在该地区的垮台中发挥了重要作用。右翼民族主义者长达20年的街道更名立法历史,以2016年所谓的“去社群化法”为高潮,将成为调查支持公共空间去社群化的回应的一个镜头。本文认为,波兰公共景观重塑的旷日持久的本质是该国的过渡遗产和前持不同政见者反对过渡司法的不同方法的结果。
{"title":"The Legacies of Transition, Street Renaming and the Material Heritage of Communist Dictatorship in Poland","authors":"Ewa Ochman","doi":"10.1177/00220094231178691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220094231178691","url":null,"abstract":"The fall of communism in Eastern Europe did not bring about a radical and immediate destruction of the material heritage of communist dictatorships in the region. In fact, the process of de-commemoration has been more contested and more protracted than had been anticipated. Thus, what warrants a closer consideration is why this is the case since on the whole public acceptance of the regime change has been very high. This paper considers the case of Poland, the country of the Solidarity movement, which played a major role in the fall of communism in the region. The two-decade-long history of the right-wing nationalists’ attempts to legislate street renaming culminating in the so-called de-communization law of 2016 will serve as a lens for investigating the responses that favoured the de-communization of public space. The paper argues that the protracted nature of the remaking of public landscape in Poland has been the result of the country's transitional legacies and different approaches to transitional justice among the former dissident opposition.","PeriodicalId":53857,"journal":{"name":"Casopis za Suvremenu Povijest","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46935382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Taste of Freedom, the Smell of Captivity: Sensory Narratives of the Hungarian Camp of Bergen–Belsen 自由的味道,囚禁的气味:匈牙利贝尔根-贝尔森集中营的感官叙事
IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-06-04 DOI: 10.1177/00220094231178706
Heléna Huhák
This research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the role of sensory impressions in narratives of the everyday lives of prisoners in a concentration camp. I examine the narrative strategies in a diary and an early postwar memoir in the so-called Hungarian camp of Bergen–Belsen. I focus on how the survivors who produced these texts included references to sensory impressions in their accounts. By paying attention to mention in the survivors’ narratives of the more neglected elements of human experience (such as hearing, taste, smell and touch), I consider the ways in which non-visual sensory impressions were used in the narratives to convey experiences, observations, and feelings. I argue that in their depictions of everyday life in the camp, these testimonies used references to changes in their sensory impressions to represent processes and subtle changes in the social lives of the prisoners, which created a discursive space for the authors to express their emotions. This paper also attempts to introduce the term ‘sensory narratives’ into Holocaust studies in an effort to move beyond interpretations of historical narratives as representations of bodies and to engage with them as accounts that were created by bodies, including the senses.
这项研究有助于更细致地理解感官印象在集中营囚犯日常生活叙述中的作用。我研究了贝尔根-贝尔森所谓匈牙利集中营的日记和早期战后回忆录中的叙事策略。我关注的是撰写这些文本的幸存者如何在他们的叙述中提到感官印象。通过关注幸存者叙述中被忽视的人类经验元素(如听觉、味觉、嗅觉和触觉),我考虑了在叙述中使用非视觉感官印象来传达经验、观察和感受的方式。笔者认为,这些证言在对集中营日常生活的描写中,利用感官印象的变化来表现囚犯社会生活的过程和微妙变化,为作者提供了表达情感的话语空间。本文还试图将“感官叙事”一词引入大屠杀研究,以努力超越将历史叙事解释为身体的表现,并将其作为包括感官在内的身体创造的叙述。
{"title":"The Taste of Freedom, the Smell of Captivity: Sensory Narratives of the Hungarian Camp of Bergen–Belsen","authors":"Heléna Huhák","doi":"10.1177/00220094231178706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220094231178706","url":null,"abstract":"This research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the role of sensory impressions in narratives of the everyday lives of prisoners in a concentration camp. I examine the narrative strategies in a diary and an early postwar memoir in the so-called Hungarian camp of Bergen–Belsen. I focus on how the survivors who produced these texts included references to sensory impressions in their accounts. By paying attention to mention in the survivors’ narratives of the more neglected elements of human experience (such as hearing, taste, smell and touch), I consider the ways in which non-visual sensory impressions were used in the narratives to convey experiences, observations, and feelings. I argue that in their depictions of everyday life in the camp, these testimonies used references to changes in their sensory impressions to represent processes and subtle changes in the social lives of the prisoners, which created a discursive space for the authors to express their emotions. This paper also attempts to introduce the term ‘sensory narratives’ into Holocaust studies in an effort to move beyond interpretations of historical narratives as representations of bodies and to engage with them as accounts that were created by bodies, including the senses.","PeriodicalId":53857,"journal":{"name":"Casopis za Suvremenu Povijest","volume":"58 1","pages":"449 - 467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42752841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
‘Ban the Burn’: At-sea Incineration, Trans-local Activism, and Ocean Health “禁止焚烧”:海上焚烧、跨地区行动主义和海洋健康
IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.1177/00220094231167328
D. Fazzi
This article is about the rise and fall of ocean incineration, a method for the disposal of hazardous chemical waste that was initiated in the late 1960s, developed, tested, and perfected throughout the 1970s, commercialized in the 1980s, and eventually phased out from the 1990s onwards. Ocean incineration consisted in the offshore destruction of toxic liquid substances in specially designed ships outfitted with high-temperature combustion chambers and high stacks. When this technology broke through, it seemed like a panacea. It heralded the safe disposal of noxious compounds such as organochlorines and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which were ubiquitous by-products of petrochemical industrial processes. It promised to minimize private companies’ externalities and ease environmental concerns. But it ultimately failed to provide an alternative to safely disposing of toxic waste. What does explain such a decline? This article answers this question by arguing that the demise of ocean incineration was due to the combination of locally oriented and transnationally driven protests, which emerged across the (North) Atlantic and exposed the dangerous and highly exploitative nature of such a practice.
海洋焚烧是一种处理危险化学废物的方法,始于20世纪60年代末,在整个70年代发展、试验和完善,在80年代商业化,并最终从90年代开始逐步淘汰。海洋焚化是在装有高温燃烧室和高烟囱的专门设计的船舶上对有毒液体物质进行近海销毁。当这项技术取得突破时,它似乎是万灵药。它预示着有毒化合物的安全处理,如有机氯和多氯联苯(PCBs),它们是石化工业过程中无处不在的副产品。它承诺将私营企业的外部性降到最低,并缓解对环境的担忧。但它最终未能提供安全处理有毒废物的替代方案。如何解释这种下降?这篇文章回答了这个问题,认为海洋焚烧的消亡是由于地方导向和跨国驱动的抗议活动的结合,这些抗议活动出现在(北大西洋),暴露了这种做法的危险和高度剥削的本质。
{"title":"‘Ban the Burn’: At-sea Incineration, Trans-local Activism, and Ocean Health","authors":"D. Fazzi","doi":"10.1177/00220094231167328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220094231167328","url":null,"abstract":"This article is about the rise and fall of ocean incineration, a method for the disposal of hazardous chemical waste that was initiated in the late 1960s, developed, tested, and perfected throughout the 1970s, commercialized in the 1980s, and eventually phased out from the 1990s onwards. Ocean incineration consisted in the offshore destruction of toxic liquid substances in specially designed ships outfitted with high-temperature combustion chambers and high stacks. When this technology broke through, it seemed like a panacea. It heralded the safe disposal of noxious compounds such as organochlorines and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which were ubiquitous by-products of petrochemical industrial processes. It promised to minimize private companies’ externalities and ease environmental concerns. But it ultimately failed to provide an alternative to safely disposing of toxic waste. What does explain such a decline? This article answers this question by arguing that the demise of ocean incineration was due to the combination of locally oriented and transnationally driven protests, which emerged across the (North) Atlantic and exposed the dangerous and highly exploitative nature of such a practice.","PeriodicalId":53857,"journal":{"name":"Casopis za Suvremenu Povijest","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43261868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Impact of the Ethiopian War on Italian Immigrants in Scotland 埃塞俄比亚战争对苏格兰意大利移民的影响
IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.1177/00220094231178709
Remigio Petrocelli
While Fascist Italy was fighting its colonial war in Ethiopia in 1935–6, a ‘parallel war’ was fought by Italian fascist branches abroad to retain the allegiance of the Italian immigrant communities and win their support. Drawing extensively on original Italian archival documents and the contemporary press, this article analyses how the invasion of Ethiopia affected the small Italian diaspora in Scotland. The propaganda used by Fascist Italy to justify the war and counteract British diplomatic hostility, as well as the central role of Italian fascists in Scotland, contributed to consolidating the national identity of a large number of Italian immigrants and links with their country of origin. This article will also explore how the Abyssinian war paved the way for the portrayal of the members of local fascist branches (and those who were not) as ‘enemies within’ by the British government and many sectors of the host society.
1935-6年,当法西斯意大利在埃塞俄比亚进行殖民战争时,意大利法西斯分支在国外进行了一场“平行战争”,以保持意大利移民社区的忠诚并赢得他们的支持。本文广泛借鉴了意大利原始档案文件和当代媒体,分析了埃塞俄比亚的入侵如何影响了苏格兰的意大利侨民。法西斯意大利用来为战争辩护和对抗英国外交敌意的宣传,以及意大利法西斯主义者在苏格兰的核心作用,有助于巩固大量意大利移民的民族身份及其与原籍国的联系。本文还将探讨阿比西尼亚战争如何为英国政府和东道国社会的许多部门将当地法西斯分支的成员(以及那些不是法西斯分支的人)描绘成“内部敌人”铺平道路。
{"title":"The Impact of the Ethiopian War on Italian Immigrants in Scotland","authors":"Remigio Petrocelli","doi":"10.1177/00220094231178709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220094231178709","url":null,"abstract":"While Fascist Italy was fighting its colonial war in Ethiopia in 1935–6, a ‘parallel war’ was fought by Italian fascist branches abroad to retain the allegiance of the Italian immigrant communities and win their support. Drawing extensively on original Italian archival documents and the contemporary press, this article analyses how the invasion of Ethiopia affected the small Italian diaspora in Scotland. The propaganda used by Fascist Italy to justify the war and counteract British diplomatic hostility, as well as the central role of Italian fascists in Scotland, contributed to consolidating the national identity of a large number of Italian immigrants and links with their country of origin. This article will also explore how the Abyssinian war paved the way for the portrayal of the members of local fascist branches (and those who were not) as ‘enemies within’ by the British government and many sectors of the host society.","PeriodicalId":53857,"journal":{"name":"Casopis za Suvremenu Povijest","volume":"58 1","pages":"468 - 487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45860139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Independence as Discovery: Mozambique's 1975 Nationalization of Funeral Services 独立即发现:莫桑比克1975年殡葬服务的国有化
IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.1177/00220094231178705
D. Morton
In July 1975, a month after Mozambique's independence from Portugal, the state nationalized all health care, schooling, and legal counsel, so that all Mozambicans would have equal access to these key services – at least theoretically. The fourth, seemingly anomalous sector to be nationalized on the ‘Day of Nationalizations’: funeral services. The inflationary costs of burial in the capital, Lourenço Marques (today's Maputo) came to the attention of cabinet ministers only during the few weeks they had been ministers. Reacting with disgust, they decided there would be no ‘commercialization of death’ in the People's Republic of Mozambique. Based largely on interviews with the former minister of health and with Isaac Araújo, whose family ran perhaps the first African-owned funeral services business in Lourenço Marques, this article uses the episode to discuss the nature of government decision-making during the very earliest days of independence, a period that I argue deserves special attention. Emphasized is the role that Lourenço Marques played as context: how for neophyte ministers, learning to wield the levers of state was also a process of discovery about life in the capital city.
1975年7月,莫桑比克从葡萄牙独立一个月后,国家将所有医疗保健、学校教育和法律顾问国有化,以便所有莫桑比克人都能平等地获得这些关键服务——至少在理论上是这样。第四个看似反常的行业在“国有化日”被国有化:殡葬服务。在担任部长的几周内,内阁部长们才注意到首都卢伦索·马尔克斯(今天的马普托)的葬礼费用上涨。出于厌恶,他们决定在莫桑比克人民共和国不会“死亡商业化”。这篇文章主要基于对前卫生部长和Isaac Araújo的采访,他的家人可能在Lourenço Marques经营着第一家非洲人拥有的殡葬服务企业。本文利用这一事件讨论了独立初期政府决策的性质,我认为这一时期值得特别关注。强调了Lourenço Marques作为背景所扮演的角色:对于新手部长来说,学习运用国家杠杆也是一个发现首都生活的过程。
{"title":"Independence as Discovery: Mozambique's 1975 Nationalization of Funeral Services","authors":"D. Morton","doi":"10.1177/00220094231178705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220094231178705","url":null,"abstract":"In July 1975, a month after Mozambique's independence from Portugal, the state nationalized all health care, schooling, and legal counsel, so that all Mozambicans would have equal access to these key services – at least theoretically. The fourth, seemingly anomalous sector to be nationalized on the ‘Day of Nationalizations’: funeral services. The inflationary costs of burial in the capital, Lourenço Marques (today's Maputo) came to the attention of cabinet ministers only during the few weeks they had been ministers. Reacting with disgust, they decided there would be no ‘commercialization of death’ in the People's Republic of Mozambique. Based largely on interviews with the former minister of health and with Isaac Araújo, whose family ran perhaps the first African-owned funeral services business in Lourenço Marques, this article uses the episode to discuss the nature of government decision-making during the very earliest days of independence, a period that I argue deserves special attention. Emphasized is the role that Lourenço Marques played as context: how for neophyte ministers, learning to wield the levers of state was also a process of discovery about life in the capital city.","PeriodicalId":53857,"journal":{"name":"Casopis za Suvremenu Povijest","volume":"58 1","pages":"554 - 573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44273593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
European Defence Planning: Concorde, Franco-British Politico-Military Relations and the Cold War, 1956–68 《欧洲防务计划:协和式飞机、法英政治军事关系和冷战,1956-68》
IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.1177/00220094231178699
Glenn Wasson
Cold War tensions between the superpowers marked the years 1956 to 1966, where the United States, Britain and France prioritised European defence against Soviet aggression. Despite being envisaged for civil aviation purposes, the Concorde aircraft was the Franco-British alternative to US proposals concerning the introduction of a supersonic bomber within the Inter-Allied Nuclear Force (IANF) to protect against Soviet attack during the Cold War technological race. This offers a unique case study for the examination of Franco-British bi-lateral partnership in the context of European defence. This article will concentrate on three main themes. The first investigates how Concorde was considered as a viable component for the IANF. Subsequently, the loci of US, British and French policy decisions will be explored with regards to constructing supersonic aircrafts. Lastly, the article considers how foreign policies influenced the shift from a military-use Concorde to a more commercial option. The historiography on Concorde focuses on its commercial impact, and how it affected the Franco-British partnership. Considering Concorde from the defence perspective allows us to analyse the divisions between the US and French grand design ideas – the IANF and Europe puissance – and how they provoked further friction in the Franco-British military relationship.
超级大国之间的冷战紧张关系标志着1956年至1966年,美国,英国和法国优先考虑欧洲防御苏联的侵略。尽管被设想为民用航空用途,协和式飞机是法英对美国提议的替代方案,该提议涉及在盟国核力量(IANF)中引入超音速轰炸机,以防止冷战期间苏联的攻击技术竞赛。这为在欧洲防务背景下考察法英双边伙伴关系提供了一个独特的案例研究。本文将集中讨论三个主题。第一篇调查了协和式飞机是如何被认为是IANF可行的组成部分的。随后,将探讨美国、英国和法国在建造超音速飞机方面的决策轨迹。最后,文章考虑了外交政策是如何影响协和式飞机从军用转向更商业化的选择的。协和式飞机的历史研究主要集中在它的商业影响,以及它是如何影响法英伙伴关系的。从防务角度考虑协和式飞机,可以让我们分析美国和法国宏大设计理念之间的分歧——IANF和欧洲军事体系——以及它们是如何在法英军事关系中引发进一步摩擦的。
{"title":"European Defence Planning: Concorde, Franco-British Politico-Military Relations and the Cold War, 1956–68","authors":"Glenn Wasson","doi":"10.1177/00220094231178699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220094231178699","url":null,"abstract":"Cold War tensions between the superpowers marked the years 1956 to 1966, where the United States, Britain and France prioritised European defence against Soviet aggression. Despite being envisaged for civil aviation purposes, the Concorde aircraft was the Franco-British alternative to US proposals concerning the introduction of a supersonic bomber within the Inter-Allied Nuclear Force (IANF) to protect against Soviet attack during the Cold War technological race. This offers a unique case study for the examination of Franco-British bi-lateral partnership in the context of European defence. This article will concentrate on three main themes. The first investigates how Concorde was considered as a viable component for the IANF. Subsequently, the loci of US, British and French policy decisions will be explored with regards to constructing supersonic aircrafts. Lastly, the article considers how foreign policies influenced the shift from a military-use Concorde to a more commercial option. The historiography on Concorde focuses on its commercial impact, and how it affected the Franco-British partnership. Considering Concorde from the defence perspective allows us to analyse the divisions between the US and French grand design ideas – the IANF and Europe puissance – and how they provoked further friction in the Franco-British military relationship.","PeriodicalId":53857,"journal":{"name":"Casopis za Suvremenu Povijest","volume":"58 1","pages":"718 - 738"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42122718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘This Country is Done’: Fair Housing Discourse in Suburban Westchester “这个国家完成了”:威彻斯特郊区的公平住房话语
IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.1177/00220094231178700
Bradford Martin
This article examines attitudes toward property, government, access to housing, integration, and community identity as expressed in the discourse surrounding the struggle over fair housing in Westchester, New York surrounding the 2009 court-ordered settlement. Building on the ‘new suburban history’, this article argues that opposition to fair housing drew on long-term conservative trends in the national political culture after 1968, but also reflected the specific dynamics of the early Obama years. Fair housing opponents contend that housing ‘choices,’ rooted in the values of ‘hard work,’ meritocracy, private property, and the free market, exemplify the patriotic tradition of American individualism. But, in doing so, they ignore decades of state-sponsored housing discrimination that contradicted free market principles. Drawing heavily on what one scholar has called ‘race-based neighborhood stereotyping’, these ideas constitute an important starting point for understanding the crippling resistance to fair housing initiatives, since this discourse has proven remarkably durable and politically galvanizing.
这篇文章考察了人们对财产、政府、获得住房、融合和社区认同的态度,这些态度在围绕2009年法院下令解决的纽约威彻斯特市公平住房斗争的讨论中表达出来。在“新郊区历史”的基础上,本文认为,对公平住房的反对借鉴了1968年后国家政治文化中的长期保守趋势,但也反映了奥巴马早期的具体动态。公平住房的反对者认为,植根于“辛勤工作”、精英政治、私人财产和自由市场价值观的住房“选择”体现了美国个人主义的爱国传统。但是,在这样做的过程中,他们忽视了几十年来国家支持的与自由市场原则相矛盾的住房歧视。这些想法在很大程度上借鉴了一位学者所说的“基于种族的社区刻板印象”,构成了理解对公平住房倡议的严重抵制的重要起点,因为事实证明,这种言论非常持久,在政治上令人振奋。
{"title":"‘This Country is Done’: Fair Housing Discourse in Suburban Westchester","authors":"Bradford Martin","doi":"10.1177/00220094231178700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220094231178700","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines attitudes toward property, government, access to housing, integration, and community identity as expressed in the discourse surrounding the struggle over fair housing in Westchester, New York surrounding the 2009 court-ordered settlement. Building on the ‘new suburban history’, this article argues that opposition to fair housing drew on long-term conservative trends in the national political culture after 1968, but also reflected the specific dynamics of the early Obama years. Fair housing opponents contend that housing ‘choices,’ rooted in the values of ‘hard work,’ meritocracy, private property, and the free market, exemplify the patriotic tradition of American individualism. But, in doing so, they ignore decades of state-sponsored housing discrimination that contradicted free market principles. Drawing heavily on what one scholar has called ‘race-based neighborhood stereotyping’, these ideas constitute an important starting point for understanding the crippling resistance to fair housing initiatives, since this discourse has proven remarkably durable and politically galvanizing.","PeriodicalId":53857,"journal":{"name":"Casopis za Suvremenu Povijest","volume":"58 1","pages":"759 - 780"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48620055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Writing International Histories from Ordinary Places: Postcolonial Classrooms, Teachers, and Foreign Policy in Ghana, 1957–83 在平凡的地方书写国际历史:1957–83年加纳的后殖民课堂、教师和外交政策
IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1177/00220094231171103
Elisa Prosperetti
This article examines the effects of foreign teachers on Ghanaian education during the 1960s and 1970s. It calls attention to the ways that foreign policy articulates with the lives of ordinary people in former colonies, an approach I call ‘writing international histories from ordinary places.’ At the intersection of globalized archival collections and local sources and scholarship, ‘ordinary places’ offer us new vantage points from which to approach the extraverted histories of the postcolonial world.
本文考察了20世纪60年代和70年代外籍教师对加纳教育的影响。它让人们注意到外交政策与前殖民地普通民众生活之间的联系,我把这种方式称为“从普通的地方书写国际历史”。“在全球化的档案收藏与当地资源和学术的交叉点上,‘普通的地方’为我们提供了新的有利位置,让我们可以从中了解后殖民世界的外倾历史。”
{"title":"Writing International Histories from Ordinary Places: Postcolonial Classrooms, Teachers, and Foreign Policy in Ghana, 1957–83","authors":"Elisa Prosperetti","doi":"10.1177/00220094231171103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220094231171103","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the effects of foreign teachers on Ghanaian education during the 1960s and 1970s. It calls attention to the ways that foreign policy articulates with the lives of ordinary people in former colonies, an approach I call ‘writing international histories from ordinary places.’ At the intersection of globalized archival collections and local sources and scholarship, ‘ordinary places’ offer us new vantage points from which to approach the extraverted histories of the postcolonial world.","PeriodicalId":53857,"journal":{"name":"Casopis za Suvremenu Povijest","volume":"58 1","pages":"509 - 530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42595617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Casopis za Suvremenu Povijest
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1