Purpose - Despite the importance attached to the governance of family businesses, few studies have focused on the importance of family business governance in the Moroccan context. This article provides some specificities of family firms and an overview of main governance mechanisms identified in the literature while presenting the main contributions of agency and stewardship theories. We introduce a governance approach centered on the issue of strengthening family ties and increasing the commitment of family members to the firm. The purpose of this paper is to identify the governance mechanisms adopted by CEOs of Moroccan family businesses of the second generation. Method - the authors used a qualitative method, using face to face semi-structured interviews among ten CEOs of family businesses in Morocco. Through the analysis of verbatim responses of Moroccan CEOs, we were able to identify some of the governance mechanisms they adopt to ensure a certain continuity of their business. Findings-The results suggest that most of the Moroccan managers opt for an informal and unwritten system of governance. According to them, the important thing is to share values and vision while maintaining communication. Even family meetings remain informal, the crucial thing is to preserve family solidarity, as far as the system of governance is known by all the members. We have identified three informal governance mechanisms, family meetings, task management, and sharing a family vision. The results have also shown some of the sources of conflicts among family members. Practical implications – This paper helps to raise awareness among Moroccan leaders on the importance of governance. Whether formal or informal, it is essential to have common rules shared by family members, which will enable the firm to last over time. Originality - This paper contributes to research on family businesses by exploring a different context especially in terms of culture and country values. Our paper has the originality to focus on a specific area of investigation, namely the Moroccan context, where the management model of family businesses is different from anterior contributions.
{"title":"Family Governance Mechanisms in Moroccan Family Businesses: An Exploratory Study","authors":"Hiba Birgach, Taib Berrada El Azizi, Badr Habba","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v15n8p101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n8p101","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - Despite the importance attached to the governance of family businesses, few studies have focused on the importance of family business governance in the Moroccan context. This article provides some specificities of family firms and an overview of main governance mechanisms identified in the literature while presenting the main contributions of agency and stewardship theories. We introduce a governance approach centered on the issue of strengthening family ties and increasing the commitment of family members to the firm. The purpose of this paper is to identify the governance mechanisms adopted by CEOs of Moroccan family businesses of the second generation. \u0000\u0000Method - the authors used a qualitative method, using face to face semi-structured interviews among ten CEOs of family businesses in Morocco. Through the analysis of verbatim responses of Moroccan CEOs, we were able to identify some of the governance mechanisms they adopt to ensure a certain continuity of their business.\u0000\u0000Findings-The results suggest that most of the Moroccan managers opt for an informal and unwritten system of governance. According to them, the important thing is to share values and vision while maintaining communication. Even family meetings remain informal, the crucial thing is to preserve family solidarity, as far as the system of governance is known by all the members. We have identified three informal governance mechanisms, family meetings, task management, and sharing a family vision. The results have also shown some of the sources of conflicts among family members. \u0000\u0000Practical implications – This paper helps to raise awareness among Moroccan leaders on the importance of governance. Whether formal or informal, it is essential to have common rules shared by family members, which will enable the firm to last over time.\u0000\u0000Originality - This paper contributes to research on family businesses by exploring a different context especially in terms of culture and country values. Our paper has the originality to focus on a specific area of investigation, namely the Moroccan context, where the management model of family businesses is different from anterior contributions.","PeriodicalId":54064,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometrics","volume":"9 1","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81497098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the determinants of access to credit by the handloom weavers in Bangladesh. Using the multistage sampling technique, the primary data for the analysis were collected from 311 randomly selected handloom weavers from Sirajganj district of Bangladesh during July to December 2015. The data are analyzed by using the Logit model. The model identifies several individual, household, community, and institution-specific factors as the significant determinants of credit access. Among them, family size, farm size, work experience, saving and the flexibility in the terms and conditions of loan use increase the probability of credit access by the handloom weavers whereas the risk aversion attitude and the distance between the Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) from the commune reduce such possibility. Therefore, this study suggests that respondents should utilize the joint effort of the available family members in this labor-intensive business while undertaking rational decisions enhanced through the skills and capabilities acquired over the years. They should maintain a sufficient amount of saving to prove them eligible in repaying their credit. From the institutional perspective, it is suggested that the MFIs should provide adequate financial and non-financial services to its clientele as per their needs. Borrowers’ easy accessibility to the institutions should also be ensured. In doing so, they should open up more branches in the villages so that the door to door services are available to the borrowers. It is expected that these recommendations will help in improving the credit access by the handloom weavers in Bangladesh.
{"title":"Factors Determining the Credit Accessibility by the Small-Scale Entrepreneurs: A Case of Handloom Weaving in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Parvin, K. Fatema, Sheikh Touhidul Haque","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v15n8p93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n8p93","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the determinants of access to credit by the handloom weavers in Bangladesh. Using the multistage sampling technique, the primary data for the analysis were collected from 311 randomly selected handloom weavers from Sirajganj district of Bangladesh during July to December 2015. The data are analyzed by using the Logit model. The model identifies several individual, household, community, and institution-specific factors as the significant determinants of credit access. Among them, family size, farm size, work experience, saving and the flexibility in the terms and conditions of loan use increase the probability of credit access by the handloom weavers whereas the risk aversion attitude and the distance between the Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) from the commune reduce such possibility. Therefore, this study suggests that respondents should utilize the joint effort of the available family members in this labor-intensive business while undertaking rational decisions enhanced through the skills and capabilities acquired over the years. They should maintain a sufficient amount of saving to prove them eligible in repaying their credit. From the institutional perspective, it is suggested that the MFIs should provide adequate financial and non-financial services to its clientele as per their needs. Borrowers’ easy accessibility to the institutions should also be ensured. In doing so, they should open up more branches in the villages so that the door to door services are available to the borrowers. It is expected that these recommendations will help in improving the credit access by the handloom weavers in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":54064,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometrics","volume":"308 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77447820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Covid-19 pandemic has had a disruptive effect on tourism due to mobility restrictions in all world regions. During Summer 2020, full exploitation of sustainable and safe local tourism is expected. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the “albergo diffuso” (AD) (translation scattered hotel) contribute to the economic recovery, during the "post COVID-19 time". To comply with the paper aim we use a qualitative research method based on a single case study. Primary data are collected by semi-structured interviews with apical figures of our case study. The findings show that the AD business model is suitable to meet the changing demands of the tourists at the post-pandemic era without having to substantially change strategies, activities and tourist offer. AD’s characteristics allow the full hospitality of tourists in compliance with the social distancing required by the safety regulations. Unique adjustments required are: i) the drawing up of agreements with local structures to decentralize the provision of any services; ii) the spread of activities that promote social distancing; iii) the introduction of greater flexibility in terms of booking and cancellations. This paper contributes to the existing literature because is the first study focus on the link between AD business model and comply with the measures to protect public health at the Covid-19 time. Thus the results offer suggestions both to tourist operators regarding the differentiation of their supply as well as policy makers to support the development of this kind of hospitality.
{"title":"The Potential Dynamics of “Albergo Diffuso” as Relaunch of Sustainable Tourism in the Post COVID-19 Era","authors":"Antonietta Cosentino, B. Iannone","doi":"10.5539/IJBM.V15N8P75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/IJBM.V15N8P75","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic has had a disruptive effect on tourism due to mobility restrictions in all world regions. During Summer 2020, full exploitation of sustainable and safe local tourism is expected. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the “albergo diffuso” (AD) (translation scattered hotel) contribute to the economic recovery, during the \"post COVID-19 time\". To comply with the paper aim we use a qualitative research method based on a single case study. Primary data are collected by semi-structured interviews with apical figures of our case study. The findings show that the AD business model is suitable to meet the changing demands of the tourists at the post-pandemic era without having to substantially change strategies, activities and tourist offer. AD’s characteristics allow the full hospitality of tourists in compliance with the social distancing required by the safety regulations. Unique adjustments required are: i) the drawing up of agreements with local structures to decentralize the provision of any services; ii) the spread of activities that promote social distancing; iii) the introduction of greater flexibility in terms of booking and cancellations. This paper contributes to the existing literature because is the first study focus on the link between AD business model and comply with the measures to protect public health at the Covid-19 time. Thus the results offer suggestions both to tourist operators regarding the differentiation of their supply as well as policy makers to support the development of this kind of hospitality.","PeriodicalId":54064,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometrics","volume":"64 1","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86802932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research on human capital, industrial structure upgrading and economic growth has always been one of the focus issues in academia. The existing literature is developed from different perspectives. First of all, the research on human capital mainly focuses on the research of human capital and economic growth, including the relationship between total human capital and economic growth, the relationship between human capital structure and economic growth, and the relationship between healthy human capital and economic growth. Secondly, the research on the upgrading of industrial structure includes the upgrading of industrial structure and economic growth, the influencing factors of the upgrading of industrial structure and so on. Among them, the influencing factors mainly include technological progress, market supply and demand, population, trade and government policies. Thirdly, the research on the impact of human capital on the upgrading of industrial structure mainly includes the matching of heterogeneous human capital and industrial structure, and the impact mechanism of human capital on industrial structure. This paper systematically reviews the development of literature on human capital, industrial structure upgrading and their relationship, and points out the problems existing in the literature, possible improvements in the future and several issues that may need attention in the future.
{"title":"Human Capital, Industrial Structure Upgrading and Economic Growth in China: A Literature Review","authors":"Bai Yang","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v15n8p59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n8p59","url":null,"abstract":"The research on human capital, industrial structure upgrading and economic growth has always been one of the focus issues in academia. The existing literature is developed from different perspectives. First of all, the research on human capital mainly focuses on the research of human capital and economic growth, including the relationship between total human capital and economic growth, the relationship between human capital structure and economic growth, and the relationship between healthy human capital and economic growth. Secondly, the research on the upgrading of industrial structure includes the upgrading of industrial structure and economic growth, the influencing factors of the upgrading of industrial structure and so on. Among them, the influencing factors mainly include technological progress, market supply and demand, population, trade and government policies. Thirdly, the research on the impact of human capital on the upgrading of industrial structure mainly includes the matching of heterogeneous human capital and industrial structure, and the impact mechanism of human capital on industrial structure. This paper systematically reviews the development of literature on human capital, industrial structure upgrading and their relationship, and points out the problems existing in the literature, possible improvements in the future and several issues that may need attention in the future.","PeriodicalId":54064,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometrics","volume":"41 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83741699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Massimiliano Vesci, A. Botti, Rosangela Feola, Chiara Crudele
The paper aims to study factors that affect entrepreneurial intention among academicians (Prodan & Drnovsek 2010). We develop a framework in which the classical intention determinants derived from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB, Ajzen, 1991) interact with some elements of the environmental innovation ecosystem as identified in the Triple Helix Model (THM, Etzkovitz et al., 2007), namely financial/industrial, university and government supports. We contend that when individuals perceive high support from all these factors, the predictive power of entrepreneurial attitude, perceived behavioral control and social norms in shaping academic entrepreneurial intention generally increases. This study theoretically advances research on academic entrepreneurial intention, highlighting the interplay between individual cognitions and environmental cues and proposes some insights for practice and national policy makers.
本文旨在研究影响院士创业意愿的因素(Prodan & Drnovsek 2010)。我们开发了一个框架，其中源自计划行为理论(TPB, Ajzen, 1991)的经典意图决定因素与三螺旋模型(THM, Etzkovitz et al.， 2007)中确定的环境创新生态系统的一些要素(即金融/工业，大学和政府支持)相互作用。我们认为，当个体感知到所有这些因素的高度支持时，创业态度、感知行为控制和社会规范在塑造学术创业意愿方面的预测能力普遍增强。本研究从理论上推进了学术创业意向的研究，突出了个体认知与环境因素之间的相互作用，并为实践和国家决策者提供了一些启示。
{"title":"Academic Entrepreneurial Intention and Its Determinants: Exploring the Moderating Role of Innovation Ecosystem","authors":"Massimiliano Vesci, A. Botti, Rosangela Feola, Chiara Crudele","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v15n8p39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n8p39","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to study factors that affect entrepreneurial intention among academicians (Prodan & Drnovsek 2010). We develop a framework in which the classical intention determinants derived from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB, Ajzen, 1991) interact with some elements of the environmental innovation ecosystem as identified in the Triple Helix Model (THM, Etzkovitz et al., 2007), namely financial/industrial, university and government supports. We contend that when individuals perceive high support from all these factors, the predictive power of entrepreneurial attitude, perceived behavioral control and social norms in shaping academic entrepreneurial intention generally increases. This study theoretically advances research on academic entrepreneurial intention, highlighting the interplay between individual cognitions and environmental cues and proposes some insights for practice and national policy makers.","PeriodicalId":54064,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometrics","volume":"51 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79826988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to analyze the relationship between the characteristics of the Board of Directors (BoD) and the effectiveness of the monitoring of earnings manipulation activities in family – controlled companies in Italy. In particular, specific hypotheses relating to the link between those aspects of the Board, that substantiate its independence, and earnings quality have been formulated to verify whether the mechanisms for monitoring management activity are less effective in these companies. This study applies a univariate and multivariate methods on a sample of Italian listed company over the period 2014-2016. Earnings management is defined by the proxy of abnormal working capital accrual (AWCA) estimed model according to DeFond and Park (2001). Proxies for corporate governance mechanism are the board size, the level of board independence, the CEO non-duality and the interaction between the last two variables. The research shows that independent directors are not, as in other contexts, a factor that contributes to earnings quality, in the same way that the separation of the offices of Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief executive Officer (CEO) does not appear to be relevant to this end. The study aims to provide a double contribution. First, the research represents one of the few studies concerning the Italian context with its peculiarities, taking into consideration the earnings management issue in companies with a high concentration of family ownership. Secondly, this study aims to further stimulate the debate on the most effective features of structure and composition of the BoD in family-controlled companies: specifically, the conclusions could lead to a reconsideration of the validity of certain characters of the boards that defines independence.
{"title":"Board Independence and Earnings Management: Evidence from Italy","authors":"Stella Lippolis, Francesco Grimaldi","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v15n8p26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n8p26","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to analyze the relationship between the characteristics of the Board of Directors (BoD) and the effectiveness of the monitoring of earnings manipulation activities in family – controlled companies in Italy. In particular, specific hypotheses relating to the link between those aspects of the Board, that substantiate its independence, and earnings quality have been formulated to verify whether the mechanisms for monitoring management activity are less effective in these companies.\u0000\u0000This study applies a univariate and multivariate methods on a sample of Italian listed company over the period 2014-2016. Earnings management is defined by the proxy of abnormal working capital accrual (AWCA) estimed model according to DeFond and Park (2001). Proxies for corporate governance mechanism are the board size, the level of board independence, the CEO non-duality and the interaction between the last two variables.\u0000\u0000The research shows that independent directors are not, as in other contexts, a factor that contributes to earnings quality, in the same way that the separation of the offices of Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief executive Officer (CEO) does not appear to be relevant to this end.\u0000\u0000The study aims to provide a double contribution. First, the research represents one of the few studies concerning the Italian context with its peculiarities, taking into consideration the earnings management issue in companies with a high concentration of family ownership.\u0000\u0000Secondly, this study aims to further stimulate the debate on the most effective features of structure and composition of the BoD in family-controlled companies: specifically, the conclusions could lead to a reconsideration of the validity of certain characters of the boards that defines independence.","PeriodicalId":54064,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometrics","volume":"1 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84614714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mandate of the National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF) is to enable all Kenyans to access quality and affordable services. Consequently, NHIF accredited hospitals are positioned to facilitate the fulfilment of the said mandate, necessitating identification of competitive strategies employed by the hospitals for them to remain competitive. This study aimed at establishing the role of focus strategy on the performance of NHIF accredited hospitals within Kenya. A mixed research design was adopted based on non-experimental, descriptive and causal approaches taking into account both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The population of study comprised NHIF accredited hospitals with a bed capacity of 100 and above which stood at 150 hospitals as at July 2016. A sample of 109 hospitals was selected through stratified and convenient sampling techniques. Data was collected using semi structured questionnaires and interviewing schedules and administered to hospital administrators and CEO’s respectively of the sampled hospitals. Quantitative data collected from the questionnaires was analysed by the help of SPSS while the qualitative data from the CEOs was analysed using thematic content analysis. The results of the study revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the focus study and performance of hospitals based on the regression coefficient estimate found to be β= 0.646, P value of the coefficient estimate of the focus study which is less than 0.05 level of significance. The quantitative result was further validated by the CEOs responses that indicated that they focus on niche market that remained unexploited.
{"title":"Role of Focus Strategy in Performance of NHIF Accredited Hospitals in Kenya","authors":"Grace K. A. Ochodo, M. Oloko, John Yabs","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v15n8p16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n8p16","url":null,"abstract":"The mandate of the National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF) is to enable all Kenyans to access quality and affordable services. Consequently, NHIF accredited hospitals are positioned to facilitate the fulfilment of the said mandate, necessitating identification of competitive strategies employed by the hospitals for them to remain competitive. This study aimed at establishing the role of focus strategy on the performance of NHIF accredited hospitals within Kenya. A mixed research design was adopted based on non-experimental, descriptive and causal approaches taking into account both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The population of study comprised NHIF accredited hospitals with a bed capacity of 100 and above which stood at 150 hospitals as at July 2016. A sample of 109 hospitals was selected through stratified and convenient sampling techniques. Data was collected using semi structured questionnaires and interviewing schedules and administered to hospital administrators and CEO’s respectively of the sampled hospitals. Quantitative data collected from the questionnaires was analysed by the help of SPSS while the qualitative data from the CEOs was analysed using thematic content analysis. The results of the study revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the focus study and performance of hospitals based on the regression coefficient estimate found to be β= 0.646, P value of the coefficient estimate of the focus study which is less than 0.05 level of significance. The quantitative result was further validated by the CEOs responses that indicated that they focus on niche market that remained unexploited.","PeriodicalId":54064,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometrics","volume":"43 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79102843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electronic Banking (e-Banking) is a popular banking service all over the world nowadays because of its convenience and great benefits for both banks and customers. However, although e-Banking has been implemented in Vietnam for a long time, the awareness and usage of customers toward this banking service are still very low in reality. This study aims to provide an insight into customer perception of e-Banking and to figure out which areas of customer perception influence customer satisfaction of e-banking in Vietnam. A structured questionnaire was distributed to three hundred and fifty banking customers in Vietnam. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive, Pearson’s correlation, t-test, and ANOVA with Tukey analysis. The results illustrated customer perception of e-banking in Vietnam in different areas such as convenience, speed, security, procedure, ease of use, service costs, reliability, and quality of service. There were significant differences in customers’ perception of electronic banking among ages, occupations, income levels, and frequency of using groups in Vietnam. However, variables such as gender, marital status, and education levels had no significant influence on the perceptions of electronic banking. The study also found that except service costs, other factors such as convenience, speed, security, ease of use, reliability, quality of service, and procedure are positively related to customer satisfaction of electronic banking in Vietnam. Thus, it implies that bank managers should focus on these areas to raise customer perception and customer satisfaction of electronic banking.
{"title":"Customer Perception towards Electronic Banking and its Relationship with Customer Satisfaction: An Evidence from Vietnam","authors":"Linh Nguyen, Hieu Vo Chi Tran","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v15n7p196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n7p196","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic Banking (e-Banking) is a popular banking service all over the world nowadays because of its convenience and great benefits for both banks and customers. However, although e-Banking has been implemented in Vietnam for a long time, the awareness and usage of customers toward this banking service are still very low in reality. This study aims to provide an insight into customer perception of e-Banking and to figure out which areas of customer perception influence customer satisfaction of e-banking in Vietnam. A structured questionnaire was distributed to three hundred and fifty banking customers in Vietnam. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive, Pearson’s correlation, t-test, and ANOVA with Tukey analysis. The results illustrated customer perception of e-banking in Vietnam in different areas such as convenience, speed, security, procedure, ease of use, service costs, reliability, and quality of service. There were significant differences in customers’ perception of electronic banking among ages, occupations, income levels, and frequency of using groups in Vietnam. However, variables such as gender, marital status, and education levels had no significant influence on the perceptions of electronic banking. The study also found that except service costs, other factors such as convenience, speed, security, ease of use, reliability, quality of service, and procedure are positively related to customer satisfaction of electronic banking in Vietnam. Thus, it implies that bank managers should focus on these areas to raise customer perception and customer satisfaction of electronic banking.","PeriodicalId":54064,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometrics","volume":"91 1","pages":"196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81576201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study purposes of understanding the existing differences between US-GAAP and IFRS accounting treatments of inventory. Given the 2015 FASB update, aimed at simplifying and aligning inventory accounting with IFRS standards, the research explores the introduced innovations. More specifically, the study, starting from a literature review and standards analysis, designs a theoretical framework aimed at facilitating the understanding of the differences still existing between the two accounting principles. Different from the prior works, we focus on the complex determination of the net realizable value in the case of input (e.g., raw materials) write-down. In particular, we show how the net realizable value (NRV) changes according to the value taken as a reference. The results of this analysis suggest that, based on a prudential valuation logic, the replacement cost is the best estimate for NRV.
{"title":"Inventories Accounting under US-GAAP and IFRS Standards: The Differences That Hinder the Full Convergence","authors":"M. Lucchese, F. D. Carlo","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v15n7p180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n7p180","url":null,"abstract":"This study purposes of understanding the existing differences between US-GAAP and IFRS accounting treatments of inventory. Given the 2015 FASB update, aimed at simplifying and aligning inventory accounting with IFRS standards, the research explores the introduced innovations. More specifically, the study, starting from a literature review and standards analysis, designs a theoretical framework aimed at facilitating the understanding of the differences still existing between the two accounting principles. Different from the prior works, we focus on the complex determination of the net realizable value in the case of input (e.g., raw materials) write-down. In particular, we show how the net realizable value (NRV) changes according to the value taken as a reference. The results of this analysis suggest that, based on a prudential valuation logic, the replacement cost is the best estimate for NRV.","PeriodicalId":54064,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometrics","volume":"32 1","pages":"180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72848359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this note, we analyze the impact of the extra-costs payment schedule on the Effective Annual interest Rate (EAR), one of the most popular global cost measures of consumer credit loan payments. First, we prove that the EAR can be expressed by the financing credit interest rate with an extra-costs interest rate addendum, and we investigate the drivers of this latter. We show that the extra-costs interest rate decreases if extra-costs payments are postponed. Consequently, the EAR is minimum if extra-costs are charged in a lump sum at the expiry date of the contract and maximum if they are charged in a lump sum at the contract beginning time. To explain how the schedule of payments impacts on the EAR, we develop a sensitivity analysis through illustrative applications. We also highlight that EAR depends on the timing of extra-costs payments. In particular, we show that EAR decreases with the increase in the Modified Duration of the cash flow of extra-costs. The results of the paper are useful to provide decision-makers a better awareness about how to spread the extra-costs payments during the contract lifetime and, therefore, to define the structure of consumer credit loan payments to supervise the global cost of the financing.
{"title":"The Impact of the Extra-Costs on the Global Cost of Credit","authors":"S. Landini, L. Tibiletti, M. Uberti","doi":"10.5539/ijbm.v15n7p173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n7p173","url":null,"abstract":"In this note, we analyze the impact of the extra-costs payment schedule on the Effective Annual interest Rate (EAR), one of the most popular global cost measures of consumer credit loan payments. First, we prove that the EAR can be expressed by the financing credit interest rate with an extra-costs interest rate addendum, and we investigate the drivers of this latter. We show that the extra-costs interest rate decreases if extra-costs payments are postponed. Consequently, the EAR is minimum if extra-costs are charged in a lump sum at the expiry date of the contract and maximum if they are charged in a lump sum at the contract beginning time. To explain how the schedule of payments impacts on the EAR, we develop a sensitivity analysis through illustrative applications. We also highlight that EAR depends on the timing of extra-costs payments. In particular, we show that EAR decreases with the increase in the Modified Duration of the cash flow of extra-costs. The results of the paper are useful to provide decision-makers a better awareness about how to spread the extra-costs payments during the contract lifetime and, therefore, to define the structure of consumer credit loan payments to supervise the global cost of the financing.","PeriodicalId":54064,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometrics","volume":"29 1","pages":"173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73334626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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