Social Psychology and Society最新文献

Objective. Analysis of the connection between the level of development of managerial competencies of a manager and the involvement in the work of both himself and his subordinates.
Background. Most managers of modern organizations pay considerable attention to managing employee engagement when working with personnel. One of the key factors influencing employee engagement is the immediate supervisor. It is important to determine the manager’s competencies, through the development of which it is possible to increase the involvement of employees at different levels in the organization.
Study design. The work examined the relationship between the involvement of employees at different levels in the organization and the level of development of the competencies of their managers; and differences between executive and employee engagement. The presence and degree of relationships were determined using correlation analysis, and differences were determined by assessing the reliability of differences in mean values.
Participants. Employees of the organization: 768 people (24,2% men, 75,8% women): 146 (19%) managers and 622 (81%) employees.
Measurements. Methodology for assessing the competencies of managers “360 degrees” based on a corporate model of 8 management competencies; Anonymous engagement questionnaire Kicentric – Russian version.
Results. The manager’s competencies “Understanding the Business”, “Result Orientation”, “Interaction” and “Development of Subordinates” contribute to the involvement of subordinates. “Leadership”, “Initiative”, “Business Understanding”, “Interaction” are also interconnected with the leader’s own involvement. “Planning” is an inverse relationship. It has been established that there are differences in the involvement of managers and employees.
Сonclusions. There is a relationship between the involvement of employees and the manager with the level of development of his competencies: some competencies of managers are associated with high involvement of him and his employees, some with low. A connection was found between the levels of involvement of the manager and employees. Differences in some parameters of engagement between managers and employees were revealed.

Objective. Explore the presence of the bystander effect in both general situations and emergency situations.
Background. The bystander effect, a classic discovery in social psychology, has attracted significant attention in recent years due to instances of bystander indifference in society. This phenomenon raises the question of whether the bystander effect occurs not only in general situations where help is needed but also in emergency situations.
Study design. The study uses empirical research to investigate the existence of the bystander effect in general and emergency situations.
Participants. Chinese sample: 200 people (university students from Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, and Xi'an International Studies University in China) from 18 to 28 years old (M = 23,50; SD = 4,15).
Measurements. The used scenarios are based on McGuire’s (1994) taxonomy of helping behaviors.
Results. The results indicate that the bystander effect is present in general helping situations, but not in emergency scenarios.
Conclusions. This means that individuals are more likely to exhibit bystander behavior when encountering a situation where assistance is needed but not urgent. However, in emergency situations, the bystander effect does not seem to influence individuals' willingness to help.

Objective. The study is aimed at investigating the relationship between attachment to pets and pro-social personality characteristics – environmental identity, moral motives, and ecological lifestyle.
Background. Attachment to pets is being investigated in the context animal-assisted therapy animal rights protection but the question of the possible contribution of this phenomenon to the development of humane treatment of people is still open. Is it possible to expect that attachment to a pet has a humanizing effect or does retain its specificity without being related to the pet owners’ pro-social attitudes – this research question reflects the main problem of the study.
Study design. The study has correlational design; data was collected online using the 1ka.si service.
Participants. The study sample consisted of 284 respondents (224 women, 60 men, aged 18-76, M_age = 25,4, SD_age = 9,7, mostly owners of cats and dogs, mostly Russian citizens).
Measurements. Validated Russian versions of the questionnaires were used, i.e., the Lexington attachment to pets scale (modified 8-item version prepared in this study), the 30-item Moral motives scale, the 14-item Environmental identity scale, and the 7-item Ecological lifestyle scale.
Results. It has been found that different aspects of attachment to a pet are indeed associated with environmental identity, moral motives (with the exception of self-restraint), and social eco-activism. It is also shown that two aspects of attachment to pets (pet rights and the experience of happiness from communicating with a pet) in different combinations predict the motives of not-harming, helping, social justice, and social eco-activism.
Conclusions. Attachment to pets is positively related to the pro-social attitudes of the pet owners, mostly those reflected an active pet owners’ position, but is not connected with the self-restraint qualities.

Objective. Analysis of the effect of social trust on anxiety regarding the occurrence of various negative circumstances in the future.
Background. Experiences of instability and uncertainty prompt us to reconsider the role of social trust. It is important to determine whether social trust is an independent factor that reduces anxiety about the future, or only an effect of the possession of other resources.
Study design. The study examined the main effects of social trust on anxiety regarding the occurrence of various negative circumstances and the interaction effects of trust with other resources. The presence of significant effects and their direction were tested using multilevel ordinal logistic regression analysis. Participants. Data from Wave 7 of the World Values Survey, collected 2017-2021 in 62 countries. Country sample sizes range from 1000 to 3200.
Measurements. Items from the World Values Survey are indicators of generalized social trust and anxiety regarding various negative circumstances, as well as sociodemographic variables. GDP per capita at purchasing power parity.
Results. Social trust reduces anxiety about the future. This effect is independent and manifests itself when controlling for the level of possession of other resources. There also exists a negative interaction effect between social trust and other resources.
Conclusions. Social trust reduces anxiety about the future and enhances a similar effect for indicators of the possession of other resources.

Objective. Assessing the relationship between the use of esoteric services, tolerance for uncertainty and beliefs unpredictability and determinism.
Background. Esoteric practices today represent a significant market sector worldwide and in Russia. At the same time, predictors of use of such services are still poorly studied. Most psychological research has focused on beliefs in the paranormal or supernatural, while much less attention has been paid to associated behavioral practices.
Study design. Cross-sectional survey study.
Participants. Adult population of Russia (N = 1498, 47% males). A quota sample of an online panel was used to represent the adult population of Russia in terms of gender and age composition and representation of the urban and rural population. Mean age 41,6 years old (SD = 12,72).
Measurements. Russian-language versions of tolerance to uncertainty (MSTAT-I) and belief in freedom/determinism (FAD-Plus) scales, assessment of socio-demographic and behavioral parameters using survey methods.
Results. Seeking esoteric services is associated with a range of beliefs about determinism and unpredictability and is more common among women and people with high religiosity. Contrary to the hypothesis put forward, no relationship was found between seeking esoteric services and tolerance of uncertainty.
Conclusions. Seeking esoteric services is closely related to beliefs about the world: belief in determinism (both fatalistic and scientific) may be a facilitator of the use of such services, while beliefs in unpredictability and freedom are negatively associated with the use of such services.

Objective. Elaboration of a model to assess the risk of radicalisation in adolescence.
Background. The problem of radicalisation in adolescence is one of the most important problems in modern society, the search for mechanisms of radicalisation, as well as the development of preventive measures are in the focus of attention of researchers.
Methodology. In the logic of the social identity approach and based on the uncertainty-identity theory of M. Hogg, a model for assessing the risk of radicalisation in adolescence is formulated and outlined.
Conclusions. The formulated model for assessing the risk of radicalisation in adolescence postulates: individuals with multiple social identities and individuals without multiple social identities differ in groups that attract them (groups that provide them with meaningful positive social identity): those without multiple social identities have a preference for a group that would give them an clear and certain prototype.