Social Psychology and Society最新文献

Objective. The study of the influence of prolonged stressful situation on world assumptions, peculiarities of thinking and moral decisions.
Background. The pandemic situation can be considered as a model stressful situation. The assessment of its impact makes it possible to predict the consequences of society experiencing a high level of stress in a situation of danger and/or uncertainty.
Study design. The level of distress, moral decisions, world assumptions, and peculiarities of thinking before the pandemic and in the conditions of the pandemic were compared. Methods of variance analysis, the Kraskal-Wallace criterion, and correlation analysis were used.
Participants. "Moral dilemmas" N = 621 (23,4% of men), age – 33,7 ± 11,32; Constructive thinking questionnaire N = 700 (20,7% of men), age – 31,55 ± 9,7; Scale of basic beliefs N = 412 (18,2% of men), age – 35,6 ± 11,2.
Measurements. "Moral dilemmas", "World Assumptions Scale” (WAS), “Constructive Thinking Inventory” (CTI), Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90R).
Results. During the pandemic, the level of distress experienced is higher, the ability to distinguish between personal and "distant" violence is lower, and indicators of constructive thinking and emotional coping are lower. The belief in benevolence, justice of the world, the value of one's own self is reduced. All these changes are associated with a high level of distress.
Conclusions. The stressful situation led to a change in moral decisions. The change was not directly related to basic beliefs and thinking patterns and is a consequence of "emotional detachment" in stressful situation.

Objective. Exploration of the psychological factors of conflict-related action among Sundanese Muslim students in Indonesia.
Background. Religious-based conflicts have been widely examined in various disciplines, attracting responses and factors in every cultural context.
Study design. Study 1 used an indigenous-based survey and was analyzed by thematic analysis. Study 2 examined the role of political ideology and perceived injustice in conflict-related behavior using hierarchical regression analysis.
Participants. Study 1: 224 people (35,7% of men, 64,3% of women) from 18 to 49 years old (M = 20,98; SD = 3,72). Study 2: 494 people (35,6% of men, 64,4% of women) from 17 to 49 years old (M = 20,00; SD = 1,52).
Measurements. Indonesian-language versions of the scales of religious fundamentalism ideology by Muluk and colleagues, violent extremist attitude by Nivette and colleagues, nonviolent direct action by Brown and colleagues, and sensitivity to injustice by Schmitt and colleagues.
Results. Study 1 showed specific patterns of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses. There are differences in the respondents' responses to conflicts between and within religions. These differences are caused by ideology orientation towards religion and perception of injustice towards their groups. Study 2 confirmed Study 1 that religious fundamentalism predicts both violent and nonviolent behavior. Also, perceived injustice of victims moderates the effect of religious fundamentalism to violent behavior. Meanwhile, perceived injustice of perpetrators predicts only nonviolent behavior.
Conclusions. There is a significant effect of religious-based ideology and perceived injustice on conflict-related behavior in the Sundanese Muslim context.

The article presents a report on the round table "Socio-psychological competence of teachers: readiness for dialogue through the organization of communication", held in the framework of the VIII International Scientific and Practical Conference in memory of M.Yu. Kondratiev “Social Psychology: Issues of Theory and Practice”, which took place on May 11-12, 2023 at the Moscow State University of Psychology & Education. The article lays out main directions of discussions within the framework of the round table, the problems identified during the discussions and their relevance for the research and practical activities of social and educational psychologists.

Objective. Translation, adaptation, and psychometric testing of the Russian version of the questionnaire “Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA)” by A. Reifman, J.J. Arnett and M.J. Colwell on a Russian sample.
Background. All over the world, the phenomenon of delayed maturation is acknowledged: young people describe the third decade of their lives as a time of “role without role” and unlimited freedom. In Russia, researchers also note that objective criteria of adult life have been replaced by subjective ones. However, as studies on the adaptation of the questionnaire show, the characteristics of emerging adulthood manifest themselves differently depending on the country and type of culture, so it is necessary to check what aspects of the construct are appropriate in Russia.
Study design. A standard psychometric procedure for adapting was carried out. The questionnaire was translated in accordance with international requirements. Next, the original version was checked, it did not fit the Russian sample well. After that, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out to find a suitable model and check the structural validity of the questionnaire. Reliability indicators were calculated for the resulting model.
Participants. The respondents were 676 students aged 18 to 29 living in Russian large cities and millionaire cities.
Measurements. “Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA)”. Correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and assessment of the reliability of the obtained model were carried out. The data were analyzed using the RStudio program.
Results. A 5-factor correlation model is proposed that confirms the theoretically distinguished characteristics of emerging adulthood. But the original structure has changed: the questionnaire has been reduced from 31 items and six scales to 19 items and five scales, two items were included in other factors.
Conclusions. In Russia, maturation is predominantly associated with the search for identity, experiments, and self-orientation, and to a lesser extent with instability, which can be explained by a mixed type of culture. The questionnaire can be used for research purposes to further test the findings.

Objective. Development and psychometric testing of a questionnaire that allows diagnosing the types of parental attitudes in the psychological support of a child-athlete.
Background. Researchers distinguish various, including "problem" types, the relationship of a parent to a child-athlete, emphasizing the importance of this factor in the development of a sports career and the need for its diagnosis. At the same time, there are no standardized methods that allow quantitatively measuring parental attitudes in relation to the child-athlete.
Study design. The hypothetical model of parental attitudes in the psychological support of a child-athlete included six types. During the psychometric testing of the questionnaire, the initial model was transformed and three types of parental attitudes were empirically identified. Data collection was organized using Google Forms, the link for taking the survey was sent directly through social networks.
Participants. The sample consisted of 204 respondents: parents of children-athletes (mothers – 74,8%; fathers – 25,5%).
Measurements. Psychometric testing of the author's questionnaire "Types of parental attitudes in the psychological support of a child-athlete" for indicators of constructive and competitive validity, retest reliability, consistency, discrimination of scales was carried out using correlation and cluster analysis, frequency analysis. Competitive validity was carried out using the Parent Relationship Questionnaire (A.Ya. Varga and V.V. Stolin). Statistica 7 and Excel 2013 programs were used for data processing.
Results. Three types of parental attitudes in the psychological support of a young athlete were empirically verified: "Unfulfilled parental ambitions", "Involved, supporting parent", "Distracted, negatively inclined parent". The norms of expressiveness of each type of parental attitudes and their frequency in the standardization sample were revealed. The questionnaire "Types of parental attitudes in the psychological support of a child-athlete" and the key to it are presented in the appendix to the article.
Conclusions. The questionnaire "Types of parental attitudes in the psychological support of a child-athlete" developed by the authors is reliable and valid and can be proposed as a diagnostic tool for scientific and practical use in the psychological and pedagogical support of children's and youth sports.

Objective. Empirical study of the criteria for assessing the adaptation of students – representatives of the indigenous and minorities of the North, Siberia and Far East to the educational environment of colleges and the study of the features of their adaptation.
Background. The relevance of studying the features of adaptation of students – representatives of the indigenous and minorities of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation to the educational environment of colleges is due to the high importance of secondary vocational education for the preservation and development of the culture of these peoples.
Study design. Factor analysis made it possible to identify indicators of students' adaptation to the educational environment of the college (adaptation criteria). To clarify the features of the adaptability of students-representatives of the SIM and Far East and the role of environmental factors mediating adaptation, correlation, variance analysis, as well as analysis of the significance of differences were used.
Participants. Students-representatives of the of the indigenous and minorities of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation – 304 people (179 girls, 125 boys). Students of the comparison group – 416 people (195 girls, 221 boys).
Measurements. Russian-language version of the Scale of Sociocultural Adaptation J. Wilson', K. Ward', et al. The author's scale of self-assessment of the degree of satisfaction with the main aspects of life. Author's questionnaire for assessing the degree of adaptation to an educational organization.
Results. Three groups of indicators of students' adaptability to the educational environment of the college are identified: academic adaptation (23% of the variance), sociocultural adaptation (13%) and psychological adaptation (13%). Indigenous and minority students and comparison groups do not differ in terms of socio-cultural and psychological adaptation, while indicators of academic adaptation of students – representatives of the indigenous and minorities of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation are higher than in the comparison group in the conditions of the homogeneity of the socio-cultural environment of the college and lower in the conditions of its heterogeneity.
Conclusions. The indicators for assessing the adaptability of students are independent of each other and allow assessing the features of adaptation to an educational organization, educational activities and group; features of adaptation to a new socio-cultural environment, as well as the degree of emotional well-being of the individual.

Objective. Analysis of differences in social cognition skills (theory of mind) and Machiavellianism in adolescents with different levels of popularity and preference among peers.
Background. Despite the possible consensus on the positive relationship of high social cognition skills and successful socialization, it remains important to study how theory of mind and manipulative behavior are involved in the popularity and social preferences of adolescents.
Study design. The paper studied the differences in the theory of mind and Machiavellianism in adolescents with different levels of popularity and social preference in the peer group. Statistical differences were tested using non-parametric differences tests.
Participants. 166 students (grades 6–8) from schools in the Moscow region. Age from 13 to 14 years (M = 13,39; SD = 0,49), including 90 girls (54,2%).
Measurements. Theory of mind was assessed using the "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" test and tasks for understanding false believes of a higher order. The Russian-language version of the Mach scale is IV. Sociometric method.
Results. Adolescents choose peers with high social cognition skills as friends. Machiavellianism plays into the evaluation of popularity and social preference by peers. Adolescents with a higher level of Machiavellianism are rated by their peers as more popular and preferred for communication.
Conclusions. Popular teens and teens chosen to socialize differ in social cognition and machiavellian skills.