Social Psychology and Society最新文献

Objective. Analysis of the relationship between perceptions of the present and future of the residence country and the emigration activity of students in Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia.
Background. The study of the perceptions of residence country as predictors of students’ emigration activity can improve the effectiveness of youth policy in preserving valuable human capital at the country level. Research design. Using multiple regression analysis, the results of the January-April 2021 online survey identified the specifics of the relationships between perceptions of the present and future of the residence country and emigration activity of young people in three countries.
Participants. University students are citizens of Belarus (208 people), Kazakhstan (200) and Russia (250) aged 18 to 25 years.
Measurements. Research questionnaire included 6 statements, based on the theory of planned behavior, developed by I. Ajzen, for studying emigration intentions and behavior in their realization, as well as two sets of characteristics from “Scale of temporary attitudes” by J. Nutten for studying the present and future of the country of residence.
Results. Factors of emigration activity of Russian student youth are perceptions of the present of their residence country as not long-lasting, not free, significant, but boring, as well as perceptions of future in Russia as significant, but not eventful and not innovative. Belarusian emigration-oriented youth perceive their country's present as related to the past, not cohesive, but their own, and the country's future as not cohesive and related to Belarus' present. Kazakhstani emigration-oriented students perceive the present of their country as beautiful, active, but not close, not chaotic and not bright, and the future as not their own and not related to the present of Kazakhstan.
Conclusions. There are differences in the relationships between perceptions of the present and future of the residence country and emigration activity of young people in Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia. The effective implementation of youth policy to preserve valuable human capital at the country level requires considering the social and cultural context in which these relationships are formed.

Objective. The research is aimed at analyzing of the main achievements of Moral Foundations Theory in the study of problems of political psychology, as well as at reviewing its criticism and limitations.
Background. In recent years, the problem of the psychological origins of political orientations and views has attracted considerable attention of researchers, due to the practical significance of predicting election results and preventing the manipulation of voters' opinions in democratic countries. One of the most popular and productive modern approaches explaining the psychological factors of political orientations is Moral Foundations Theory. The article discusses the key ideas of this theory in the studies of problems of political psychology, describes the methods developed and the results achieved. Special attention is paid to criticism of Moral Foundations Theory and empirical studies demonstrating its weaknesses and limitations.
Conclusions. The studies show that conservative or liberal political orientations, and right or left views are associated with moral foundations, but these facts are found predominantly in Western countries. This conclusion is well supported by the results of Moral Foundations Questionnaire, however, the assessment of moral foundations using content analysis shows significantly lower correlations. Moral foundations also play an important role for intergroup relations, demonstrating associations with tolerance towards various groups and support for a hard or peaceful foreign policy. The prospects for further research within this approach include the improvement of instruments, the expansion of research in different cultures and a more careful consideration of the context in which the consequences of moral foundations are investigated.

Objective. Identification of meaningful features of the ratio of adolescents' self-esteem of status among classmates and stylistic aspects of interactions with parents among students from full and incomplete families.
Background. Family and school are the most important institutions of a teenager's socialization. In the course of the social relationships developing here, value orientations are formed, norms of social role behavior are mastered, fundamental changes related to the development of personality occur. It is clear that, from a socio-psychological point of view, a teenager's involvement in these institutions does not exist in isolation; meaningful life contexts intersect, often acquiring a conflict character. In connection with the general trend of increasing single-parent families, a comparative study of indicators characterizing the features of socialization of adolescents from full and single-parent families is of particular relevance for the organization of the educational process among primary and high school students.
Study design. The paper studied the opinions of adolescents with different self-assessment of their status in the classroom ("leaders" and "outcasts") regarding a number of indicators that characterize the stylistic features of their interaction with parents: "significant other" in the immediate environment; parents' acceptance of the personal position ("opinions") of a teenager; forms of punishment of parents and reaction to them a teenager. A comparison of the stylistic features of the relationship between students and parents in full and single-parent families is carried out, depending on the self-assessment of the status ("leader" or "outcast") among classmates.
Participants. 40575 students in grades 7-11 from 17 regions of the Russian Federation. Subsamples: from full families – 73,7%; from incomplete families – 26,3%; in a full family: "leaders" in the class – 7,0%, "outcasts" in the class – 4,7%; in a single-parent family, respectively: 6,5% and 5,8%.
Measurements. Anonymous survey using an author's questionnaire containing closed questions. The processing of the research materials was carried out using the statistical software package SPSS 21 and StatSoft Statistica 7.0. To compare the proportions observed in two independent samples and expressed as percentages, the chi-square criterion was used in the module "Basic statistics – Difference tests" of the StatSoft Statistica 7.0 package. Factor analysis using the method of selecting the Main components with rotation according to the criterion Kaiser's Verimax.
Results. The analysis of the characteristics of the frequency of distribution of students' responses regarding various aspects of their relationship with parents showed that such social parameters as completene

Objective. Studying the intensity and characteristics of the transfer of attitudes towards people to and from things associated with them.
Background. Symbolic functions of things are discussed in philosophy, economics, cultural studies and semiotics. At the same time, the psychological specificity of things participation in social interaction remains poorly studied. It is assumed that attitudes towards people are transferred to the things they create, and that making symbolic actions to the things changes attitudes towards those they represent.
Study design. An online experiment was carried out based on a fictional situation: 10 guests of a sanatorium presented for the competition the flowers that they had grown. The influence of attitudes towards people on the attractiveness of their work products and the influence of destroying the work product on attitudes towards the person who created it were simulated.
Participants. 132 people (111 women, 21 men) aged 17–55 years (M = 31,3; SD = 9,7).
Measurements. Data was collected using the “Master-tests” platform of the online services system “HT-Line”. Authors’ stimulus material was used. Characters were scored on the basic scales of C. Osgood's semantic differential (“evaluation”, “strength” and “activity”).
Results. Test subjects tend to save flowers grown by good characters. Characters’ attractiveness changes depending on whether their flowers are liked by participants. The characters whose flowers have been eliminated are perceived more passive when reassessed.
Conclusions. Attitude towards a person affects saving things that symbolically represent him/her, and performing an action to these things changes attitude towards its creator.