Social Psychology and Society最新文献

Objective. The research is aimed at analyzing of the main achievements of Moral Foundations Theory in the study of problems of political psychology, as well as at reviewing its criticism and limitations.
Background. In recent years, the problem of the psychological origins of political orientations and views has attracted considerable attention of researchers, due to the practical significance of predicting election results and preventing the manipulation of voters' opinions in democratic countries. One of the most popular and productive modern approaches explaining the psychological factors of political orientations is Moral Foundations Theory. The article discusses the key ideas of this theory in the studies of problems of political psychology, describes the methods developed and the results achieved. Special attention is paid to criticism of Moral Foundations Theory and empirical studies demonstrating its weaknesses and limitations.
Conclusions. The studies show that conservative or liberal political orientations, and right or left views are associated with moral foundations, but these facts are found predominantly in Western countries. This conclusion is well supported by the results of Moral Foundations Questionnaire, however, the assessment of moral foundations using content analysis shows significantly lower correlations. Moral foundations also play an important role for intergroup relations, demonstrating associations with tolerance towards various groups and support for a hard or peaceful foreign policy. The prospects for further research within this approach include the improvement of instruments, the expansion of research in different cultures and a more careful consideration of the context in which the consequences of moral foundations are investigated.

Objective. Analysis of the relationship between perceptions of the present and future of the residence country and the emigration activity of students in Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia.
Background. The study of the perceptions of residence country as predictors of students’ emigration activity can improve the effectiveness of youth policy in preserving valuable human capital at the country level. Research design. Using multiple regression analysis, the results of the January-April 2021 online survey identified the specifics of the relationships between perceptions of the present and future of the residence country and emigration activity of young people in three countries.
Participants. University students are citizens of Belarus (208 people), Kazakhstan (200) and Russia (250) aged 18 to 25 years.
Measurements. Research questionnaire included 6 statements, based on the theory of planned behavior, developed by I. Ajzen, for studying emigration intentions and behavior in their realization, as well as two sets of characteristics from “Scale of temporary attitudes” by J. Nutten for studying the present and future of the country of residence.
Results. Factors of emigration activity of Russian student youth are perceptions of the present of their residence country as not long-lasting, not free, significant, but boring, as well as perceptions of future in Russia as significant, but not eventful and not innovative. Belarusian emigration-oriented youth perceive their country's present as related to the past, not cohesive, but their own, and the country's future as not cohesive and related to Belarus' present. Kazakhstani emigration-oriented students perceive the present of their country as beautiful, active, but not close, not chaotic and not bright, and the future as not their own and not related to the present of Kazakhstan.
Conclusions. There are differences in the relationships between perceptions of the present and future of the residence country and emigration activity of young people in Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia. The effective implementation of youth policy to preserve valuable human capital at the country level requires considering the social and cultural context in which these relationships are formed.

Objective. Studying the intensity and characteristics of the transfer of attitudes towards people to and from things associated with them.
Background. Symbolic functions of things are discussed in philosophy, economics, cultural studies and semiotics. At the same time, the psychological specificity of things participation in social interaction remains poorly studied. It is assumed that attitudes towards people are transferred to the things they create, and that making symbolic actions to the things changes attitudes towards those they represent.
Study design. An online experiment was carried out based on a fictional situation: 10 guests of a sanatorium presented for the competition the flowers that they had grown. The influence of attitudes towards people on the attractiveness of their work products and the influence of destroying the work product on attitudes towards the person who created it were simulated.
Participants. 132 people (111 women, 21 men) aged 17–55 years (M = 31,3; SD = 9,7).
Measurements. Data was collected using the “Master-tests” platform of the online services system “HT-Line”. Authors’ stimulus material was used. Characters were scored on the basic scales of C. Osgood's semantic differential (“evaluation”, “strength” and “activity”).
Results. Test subjects tend to save flowers grown by good characters. Characters’ attractiveness changes depending on whether their flowers are liked by participants. The characters whose flowers have been eliminated are perceived more passive when reassessed.
Conclusions. Attitude towards a person affects saving things that symbolically represent him/her, and performing an action to these things changes attitude towards its creator.

Peer-reviewed monographs orient the reader to reflections on the psychological patterns of interaction between the individual and the environment. The problem, which is classical for psychological science, receives comprehension in the format of an ecopsychological model of the formation of subjectivity. The ontological foundations of the model are represented, the dynamic (procedural) and substantive (formal) characteristics of the ecopsychological model of the formation of subjectivity are allocated. The types of interaction in the system "individual – environment" have been determined and systematized. In the context of the ecopsychological model of the formation of subjectivity, the phenomenon of digitalization of the educational environment is considered, theoretical and empirical angles of analysis of the risks of digitalization of the educational environment, the ideas of teachers, parents and high school students about the risks of digitalization of the educational environment are indicated, the typological features of the individual's interaction with the digital educational environment are analyzed.

Objective. The analysis of the impact of humorous messages about politics, which are distributed through the channels of mass communication, on the perceptions, assessments, and behavior of people in the political sphere.
Background. Humorous messages about politics can be found in various countries and presented in different forms. Nevertheless, the researchers cannot come to unambiguous conclusions about their impact on people’s attitudes towards political reality. This article reviews the results obtained and highlights areas for further research.
Conclusions. Humorous messages about politics, which are distributed through mass communication channels, can be seen as persuasive influence. Humor increases attention to messages on political topics and complicates their understanding. This, in turn, reduces the thoroughness of information analysis, i.e., increases the likelihood of using a peripheral/heuristic strategy. The impact of humorous messages is an increase in political knowledge and internal political self-efficacy, a deterioration in attitudes towards politicians and the political system, and, as a result, an increase in readiness for political behavior. However, the strength and direction of this influence depend in part on the characteristics of the communicator (e.g., host or politician), the characteristics of the message (e.g., superficial or deep, mild, or hard humor), and the characteristics of the audience (e.g., political awareness).

Objective. We aimed to analyze vulnerabilities to interpersonal rejection based on appearance in female participants of body positive and pro-anorexic online communities.
Background. The recent years has seen a rapid development of online communities focused on physical attractiveness. In the current paper two large segments of Russian-speaking online communities (body positive and pro-anorexic ones) are used to analyze the relationships between appearance-based rejection sensitivity, global self-esteem, personality traits, and body dissatisfaction.
Study design. The participants were surveyed in June–August 2020, online, in Google Forms. Invitations were posted in body positive and pro-anorexic online communities. Data analysis included Student’s t test, and correlation, regression and mediation analysis.
Participants. 562 adolescent girls and young women aged 15–30 (mean age – 21,06 ± 4,15; median – 21). Measures. The following measures were used: Appearance-based Rejection Sensitivity Scale (augmented by Social Comparisons based on Appearance survey), Body Image Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Ten Item Personality Measure.
Results. Female participants of pro-anorexic online-communities displayed increased body dissatisfaction, appearance-based rejection sensitivity and neuroticism. They were more prone to explicitly compare their appearance with others and experienced more negative emotions in relation to this. Body positive communities’ participants reported more conscientiousness and emotional stability, and they made more implicit comparisons aimed at getting information about their appearance from social/interpersonal context. Global self-esteem and social comparisons partially mediated the relationship between appearance-based rejection sensitivity and body dissatisfaction.
Summary. Interpersonal sensitivity and self-esteem emerge as common risk factors of body dissatisfaction, whereas social comparisons (in terms of appearance) differentiate the participants of body positive and pro-anorexic communities.

Objective. Analysis of the risky traffic behaviour of drivers of different groups; characteristics of patterns of role behaviour “I am a driver” – “I am a passenger”; correlations between the patterns of risky traffic behavior of drivers that have a tendency to drink alcohol.
Background. The analysis of researches devoted to the study of the risky traffic behaviour of drivers in the conditions of the road environment shows the high relevance of research in the field of the causes of accidents on the roads. In this context, interdisciplinary researches which including both individual and socio-psychological variables begin special relevance.
Study design. The patterns of risky road behavior of drivers of the different groups were studied. The features of the patterns of role behaviour (“I am a driver” – “I am a passenger”) were considered. Inter correlations between the patterns of drivers’ risky behaviour and the propensity to drink alcohol were characterized. Participants. The sample included 398 drivers of “risk groups”: 114 novice drivers aged 22 to 35 years old (M = 24,0; SD = 7,12), 52 (45,6%) of women and 62 (54,4%) of men; taxi drivers 80 people aged 29 to 43 (M = 36,1; SD = 7,15), 4 (5,0%) of women and 76 (95,0%) of men; drivers-carriers 204 people aged 26 to 40 years (M = 33,4; SD = 6,52), 18 (8,8%) of women and 186 (91,2%) of men.
Measurements. The questionnaire created by G. Meinhard (2018) for evaluation traffic risky behaviour of drivers and the Russian-language version of the AUDIT scale.
Results. Drivers’ risky traffic behaviour is characterized by the presence of various interconnected patterns.
Conclusions. There are significant differences in the patterns of traffic risky behaviour among drivers of different groups: novice drivers, taxi drivers and company drivers.

Objective. Development of general theoretical and methodological concepts for the analysis of the interaction "human-robot" as a holistic human-technological gestalt; introduction into scientific circulation of the concept of human-technological reality; the formulation of the author's definition of personal space as a methodological basis for the study of human-technological relations.
Background. The creation of high-tech computer cognitive agents and humanoid robots are becoming a priority subject of scientific research in various fields of knowledge. The main difficulty in moving towards any single generally valid results lies in the fact that in each discipline the problem is investigated within the framework of its inherent terminology. The multivariance of interpretations of studies of human-social robot interaction is especially observed between representatives of the humanities, specialists in the field of artificial intelligence and engineering programming. There is a need for a systematic elaboration of the conceptual and categorical apparatus used to describe the phenomena of human-technological reality, in which a person coexists with new technological beings, is called upon to establish a certain level of relations with them, redistribute personal space, and form new models of social interaction.
Methodology. Convergent approach, system analysis, principle of integrity, typology of relations "I-Thou" by S.L. Frank.
Conclusions. Consideration of the typology of I-Thou relations, the author's definition of personal space, the introduction into scientific circulation of the concept of human-technological reality, highlighting the features of human-technological relations are proposed for use as a conceptual and methodological toolkit for researching human-robot interaction as a phenomenon of social interaction.