Social Psychology and Society最新文献

Objective. The study is aimed on estimation of students’ current state in regions with high degrees of involvement in the consequences of hostilities.

Context and relevance. Research data, mainly foreign ones, indicate a high prevalence of violations of various degrees of severity, from mild adaptation disorders to symptoms of PTSD, in children either living in military conflict zones or having experience related to their involvement into consequences of hostilities. Such children have a great need for targeted psychological assistance. There are still a gap in domestic studies devoted to the analysis of the impact of involvement into consequences of hostilities on children of different age groups. Also, specialists are still experiencing deficits in compact tools allowing comprehensive assessment of children current state and their need for psychological assistance.

Study design. We studied features of the students’ current state in regions highly involved into the consequences of hostilities. using specially developed screening tools, in two versions: for students of 5–8 and 9–11 grades, respectively.

Participants. 646 students in grades 9–11 (36% male, 64% female) and 829 students in grades 5-8 (43% male, 57 % female), living in regions experiencing the impact of events related to hostilities, mainly from Lugansk People’s Republic.

Methods (tools). The study is based on a questionnaire developed to assess the current state of the children including items assessing a) manifestations of socio-psychological and mental maladaptation in various spheres of life, b) symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, c) psychological (personal and social) resources for copi

The article presents a report on the round table "Socio-psychological competence of teachers: readiness for dialogue through the organization of communication", held in the framework of the VIII International Scientific and Practical Conference in memory of M.Yu. Kondratiev “Social Psychology: Issues of Theory and Practice”, which took place on May 11-12, 2023 at the Moscow State University of Psychology & Education. The article lays out main directions of discussions within the framework of the round table, the problems identified during the discussions and their relevance for the research and practical activities of social and educational psychologists.

Objective. Translation, adaptation, and psychometric testing of the Russian version of the questionnaire “Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA)” by A. Reifman, J.J. Arnett and M.J. Colwell on a Russian sample.
Background. All over the world, the phenomenon of delayed maturation is acknowledged: young people describe the third decade of their lives as a time of “role without role” and unlimited freedom. In Russia, researchers also note that objective criteria of adult life have been replaced by subjective ones. However, as studies on the adaptation of the questionnaire show, the characteristics of emerging adulthood manifest themselves differently depending on the country and type of culture, so it is necessary to check what aspects of the construct are appropriate in Russia.
Study design. A standard psychometric procedure for adapting was carried out. The questionnaire was translated in accordance with international requirements. Next, the original version was checked, it did not fit the Russian sample well. After that, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out to find a suitable model and check the structural validity of the questionnaire. Reliability indicators were calculated for the resulting model.
Participants. The respondents were 676 students aged 18 to 29 living in Russian large cities and millionaire cities.
Measurements. “Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA)”. Correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and assessment of the reliability of the obtained model were carried out. The data were analyzed using the RStudio program.
Results. A 5-factor correlation model is proposed that confirms the theoretically distinguished characteristics of emerging adulthood. But the original structure has changed: the questionnaire has been reduced from 31 items and six scales to 19 items and five scales, two items were included in other factors.
Conclusions. In Russia, maturation is predominantly associated with the search for identity, experiments, and self-orientation, and to a lesser extent with instability, which can be explained by a mixed type of culture. The questionnaire can be used for research purposes to further test the findings.

Objective. Development and psychometric testing of a questionnaire that allows diagnosing the types of parental attitudes in the psychological support of a child-athlete.
Background. Researchers distinguish various, including "problem" types, the relationship of a parent to a child-athlete, emphasizing the importance of this factor in the development of a sports career and the need for its diagnosis. At the same time, there are no standardized methods that allow quantitatively measuring parental attitudes in relation to the child-athlete.
Study design. The hypothetical model of parental attitudes in the psychological support of a child-athlete included six types. During the psychometric testing of the questionnaire, the initial model was transformed and three types of parental attitudes were empirically identified. Data collection was organized using Google Forms, the link for taking the survey was sent directly through social networks.
Participants. The sample consisted of 204 respondents: parents of children-athletes (mothers – 74,8%; fathers – 25,5%).
Measurements. Psychometric testing of the author's questionnaire "Types of parental attitudes in the psychological support of a child-athlete" for indicators of constructive and competitive validity, retest reliability, consistency, discrimination of scales was carried out using correlation and cluster analysis, frequency analysis. Competitive validity was carried out using the Parent Relationship Questionnaire (A.Ya. Varga and V.V. Stolin). Statistica 7 and Excel 2013 programs were used for data processing.
Results. Three types of parental attitudes in the psychological support of a young athlete were empirically verified: "Unfulfilled parental ambitions", "Involved, supporting parent", "Distracted, negatively inclined parent". The norms of expressiveness of each type of parental attitudes and their frequency in the standardization sample were revealed. The questionnaire "Types of parental attitudes in the psychological support of a child-athlete" and the key to it are presented in the appendix to the article.
Conclusions. The questionnaire "Types of parental attitudes in the psychological support of a child-athlete" developed by the authors is reliable and valid and can be proposed as a diagnostic tool for scientific and practical use in the psychological and pedagogical support of children's and youth sports.

Objective. Empirical study of the criteria for assessing the adaptation of students – representatives of the indigenous and minorities of the North, Siberia and Far East to the educational environment of colleges and the study of the features of their adaptation.
Background. The relevance of studying the features of adaptation of students – representatives of the indigenous and minorities of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation to the educational environment of colleges is due to the high importance of secondary vocational education for the preservation and development of the culture of these peoples.
Study design. Factor analysis made it possible to identify indicators of students' adaptation to the educational environment of the college (adaptation criteria). To clarify the features of the adaptability of students-representatives of the SIM and Far East and the role of environmental factors mediating adaptation, correlation, variance analysis, as well as analysis of the significance of differences were used.
Participants. Students-representatives of the of the indigenous and minorities of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation – 304 people (179 girls, 125 boys). Students of the comparison group – 416 people (195 girls, 221 boys).
Measurements. Russian-language version of the Scale of Sociocultural Adaptation J. Wilson', K. Ward', et al. The author's scale of self-assessment of the degree of satisfaction with the main aspects of life. Author's questionnaire for assessing the degree of adaptation to an educational organization.
Results. Three groups of indicators of students' adaptability to the educational environment of the college are identified: academic adaptation (23% of the variance), sociocultural adaptation (13%) and psychological adaptation (13%). Indigenous and minority students and comparison groups do not differ in terms of socio-cultural and psychological adaptation, while indicators of academic adaptation of students – representatives of the indigenous and minorities of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation are higher than in the comparison group in the conditions of the homogeneity of the socio-cultural environment of the college and lower in the conditions of its heterogeneity.
Conclusions. The indicators for assessing the adaptability of students are independent of each other and allow assessing the features of adaptation to an educational organization, educational activities and group; features of adaptation to a new socio-cultural environment, as well as the degree of emotional well-being of the individual.

Objective. Analysis of differences in social cognition skills (theory of mind) and Machiavellianism in adolescents with different levels of popularity and preference among peers.
Background. Despite the possible consensus on the positive relationship of high social cognition skills and successful socialization, it remains important to study how theory of mind and manipulative behavior are involved in the popularity and social preferences of adolescents.
Study design. The paper studied the differences in the theory of mind and Machiavellianism in adolescents with different levels of popularity and social preference in the peer group. Statistical differences were tested using non-parametric differences tests.
Participants. 166 students (grades 6–8) from schools in the Moscow region. Age from 13 to 14 years (M = 13,39; SD = 0,49), including 90 girls (54,2%).
Measurements. Theory of mind was assessed using the "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" test and tasks for understanding false believes of a higher order. The Russian-language version of the Mach scale is IV. Sociometric method.
Results. Adolescents choose peers with high social cognition skills as friends. Machiavellianism plays into the evaluation of popularity and social preference by peers. Adolescents with a higher level of Machiavellianism are rated by their peers as more popular and preferred for communication.
Conclusions. Popular teens and teens chosen to socialize differ in social cognition and machiavellian skills.

Objective. Detection of the relationship between the level of development of agency of schoolchildren and communicative interactions in the system "student – teacher/educational environment".
Background. The development of agency is usually studied outside of communicative interactions in the system "student – teacher/educational environment". Moreover, as a subject of research, different subjective qualities are distinguished depending on the content of education. In this regard, there is a need to apply concepts that are invariant to the type of educational environment and the subject content of training about the formation of agency in communicative interactions.
Study design. The paper studied the relationship between the level of development of subjectivity of schoolchildren at different stages of learning and ecopsychological types of communicative (subject-environment) interactions in the "student – teacher/educational environment" system. For this purpose, the ecopsychological typology of subject-environment (communicative) interactions and the ecopsychological model of the formation of subjectivity were used. Comparison of the empirical data obtained and analysis of their interrelations were carried out using the Fisher criterion and Kendall correlation analysis.
Participants. Selection: 201 schoolchildren of grades 8-11 in Vladimir.
Measurements. Methods of A.V. Kaptsov, E.I. Kolesnikova "Diagnostics of the stages of formation of subjectivity of students" and "Diagnostics of interactions in the educational environment", developed on the basis of the ecopsychological model of the formation of subjectivity.
Results. Reliable data were obtained (p < 0.05) confirming that the older the class of study, the higher the level of subjectivity shown by schoolchildren, and the more often they demonstrate "subject-collaborative" and "subject-generating" types of interaction with the educational environment. 12-15% of schoolchildren indicated the "object-subject" type of interactions, 10% indicated the "subject-separate" type, 20-30% indicated the "subject-joint" and "subject-generating" types. From the 8th to the 11th grade, there is a positive dynamic in the development of high stages of subjectivity ("master" and "creator"). The "critic" stage is the least developed in the samples of all classes. The transition to a new stage (class) of learning returns the student to a new cycle of becoming subjectivity, but at a higher level.
Conclusions. The ecopsychological approach to the formation of agency and agent-environment interactions makes it possible to identify the main trends in the formation of subjective qualities at different stages of the formation of the agent of educational activity, as well as to analyze the features of co

Objective. The study of the value orientations of juvenile delinquents in comparison with their law-abiding peers. Background. The terminal values of adolescents were analyzed using projective methods protected from the influence of the factor of social desirability on the answers. The study focuses on the values in the actual field of consciousness.
Study design. Comparative study of the content of the leading values of criminal and law-abiding adolescents. Participants. The sample was completed by 71 juvenile delinquents and 40 law-abiding teenagers.
Methods. The projective methods "Color Test of Relations" and "Sentence Completion Test" with the author's scheme of qualitative-quantitative data processing.
Results. The high significance of family values for both law-abiding adolescents and, especially, their criminal peers, combined with the low significance of prosocial values that do not fulfill the function of regulating their social behavior.
Conclusions. Deprivation of the leading needs (family environment, security, etc.) in juvenile delinquents at an educational colony increases the subjective significance of the corresponding values.

Objective. Comparison of educational attitudes and features of socio-psychological support for women focused on an intensive and extensive model of motherhood. Identification of the relationship with the mothers and the image of their own mother in women who implement an extensive model of motherhood in the upbringing of an early child.
Background. In modern society there is no single idea of "good" motherhood, there are many typologies of maternal practice. The implemented model of motherhood depends on relationships with the child's father, the characteristics of relationships with their own parents, attachment models, care traditions, value-semantic orientations, motivation, emotional and personal characteristics, etc. In addition, when a child reaches 1,5 years of age, mothers end paid leave to care for him, and state preschool institutions accept children for a full day from 2,5–3 years. Deciding who and to what extent will take care of the child, some mothers.
Study design. The study consisted of two parts. In one part, a comparison was made of parental attitudes and the need for socio-psychological support among women focused on an extensive and intensive model of motherhood when raising children 1,5-3 years old. We studied the relationship between parental attitude and the need for social support from a significant environment. In another part, we analyzed the features of the relationship with their own mother in women who involve a nanny or their own mother in caring for children. The results were processed using the Mann-Whitney (U), X2-Pearson, Wilcoxon (W), Spearman correlation criterion (r).
Participants. 75 women (24–40 years old) raising children 1,5–3 years old, married, unemployed or part-time took part.
Measurements. "Parental Attitude Research Instrument", RARI E.S. Schaefer, R.Q. Bell, adapted by T.V. Neshcheret; "The need for socio-psychological support" M.E. Lantsburg, T.O. Archarova; "Social support" F-SOZU-22 G. Sommer and T. Fidrich, adapted by A.B. Kholmogorova, G.A. Petrova; "The idea of an ideal parent" V.R. Ovcharova, Yu.Ya. Dyagtereva, its modifications "I as a parent" and "My mother as a parent", a modified version of the technique "Unfinished sentences".
Results. Women who attract a babysitter to care for them have a greater emotional distance with an early-age child, compared with women who raise a child independently. With an extensive model, women's attitudes are more related to the desire to accelerate the development of the child and dissatisfaction with the role of hostess. Women focused on an extensive model of motherhood are more in need of support from relatives. There is a difference in the relationship with their own mother among women focused on different types of extensive parenthood. With the high involvement of grandmothers in childcare, women have

Objective. The study of the relationship between the position of parents in relation to the mental development of the child, attitudes in relation to the influence of digital devices, parenting style and screen (active and passive) time of the child.
Background. Modern digital devices are becoming an integral part of the life of a modern child. An adult, primarily parents, becomes an intermediary between a digital device and a child. In this connection, the study of child-parent relationships, parental position, attitudes and time that the child spends interacting with digital devices (screen time) becomes relevant.
Study design. The study is of a correlational nature. The presence and nature of the relationship is checked using a path analysis (structural equation modeling) performed in the IMB Statistics v. 23 AMOS. Participants. The study involved 318 parents of older preschool children attending kindergartens in Moscow and the Moscow Region (237 women and 81 men, mean age 28,5 years).
Measurements. To study the screen time of children and the attitudes of parents regarding the impact of digital devices on the development of the child, a modified methodology “Regulations for the use of gadgets” by M.V. Bortsova and S.D. Nekrasov. To study parent-child relationships, the questionnaire “Analysis of family relationships” by E.G. Eidemiller and V.V. Yustickis in the children's version (3-10 years old). To study the parental position, the questionnaire “Position of parents in relation to the mental development of children” by E.L. Porotskaya and V.F. Spiridonov.
Results. The parents did not demonstrate any pronounced tendency to one parenting style. However, such styles as "Hyperprotection" and "Indulgence" are most common. Parents are aimed at accelerating children's development and take a moderately active position in relation to the development of preschoolers. Most parents are ambivalent about the impact of digital technologies on children, but they talk about them more often with negative connotations. Children's media activity ranges from 5,2 to 8,9 hours per week. Conclusions. The study shows that the time an older preschooler spends in front of a screen of digital devices is associated with such characteristics of parent-child relationships as parenting style, attitudes towards the influence of digital devices, and position on the acceleration of child development. At the same time, different ways of using digital devices are associated with different characteristics of the parent-child relationship. Watching cartoons and videos (passive screen time) is associated with indulgent hyperprotection and the desire of parents to satisfy the needs of the child as much as possible. The use of applications and video games (act