Pub Date : 2019-12-02DOI: 10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-02-003
Maria Lestari Olivia, J. Adianto, R. T. Gabe
Gated communities (GCs) have been demonized as a malicious form of urban segregation because they provide a secure neighbourhood and exclusive facilities. The objective of the Indonesian government policy related to balanced housing is to create mixed-income housing in order to foster interaction between social classes in neighbourhoods and reduce the alarming social gap. This study seeks to validate the occurrence of social interaction among different economic strata in a mixed-income GC. To understand social interaction among its residents, the reasons why residents from different economic strata selected their housing are examined. The research methodology includes a post-occupancy evaluation in a mixed-income GC in Cibubur, West Java, Indonesia, an area known for its high quality neighbourhoods and facilities. This study identifies security as a major housing preference factor for many people living in a mixed-income GC. However, the reduced exclusivity of such facilities decreases their usage frequency, giving rise to trans-cluster social interaction within the same class. This finding contradicts the objective of the balanced housing policy because the residents interact with others in a similar social class beyond the segregated walls of the housing clusters.
{"title":"A post-occupancy evaluation study of a mixed-income gated community in Cibubur, West Java, Indonesia","authors":"Maria Lestari Olivia, J. Adianto, R. T. Gabe","doi":"10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-02-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-02-003","url":null,"abstract":"Gated communities (GCs) have been demonized as a malicious form of urban segregation because they provide a secure neighbourhood and exclusive facilities. The\u0000objective of the Indonesian government policy related to balanced housing is to create mixed-income housing in order to foster interaction between social classes in neighbourhoods and reduce the alarming social gap. This study seeks to validate the occurrence of social interaction among different economic strata in a mixed-income\u0000GC. To understand social interaction among its residents, the reasons why residents from different economic strata selected their housing are examined. The research\u0000methodology includes a post-occupancy evaluation in a mixed-income GC in Cibubur, West Java, Indonesia, an area known for its high quality neighbourhoods and facilities. This study identifies security as a major housing preference factor for many people living in a mixed-income GC. However, the reduced exclusivity of such facilities decreases their usage frequency, giving rise to trans-cluster social interaction within the same class. This finding contradicts the objective of the balanced housing policy because the residents interact with others in a similar social class beyond the segregated walls of the housing clusters.","PeriodicalId":54093,"journal":{"name":"Urbani Izziv-Urban Challenge","volume":"2 1","pages":"95-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43548251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-02DOI: 10.5379/urbani-izziv-2019-30-02-003
Maria Lestari Olivia, Joko Adianto, Rossa Turpuk Gabe
Ograjena naselja veljajo za škodljivo obliko urbane segregacije, saj so to varovane stanovanjske soseske z ekskluzivno infrastrukturo. Cilj indonezijske vladne politike, povezane z zagotavljanjem cenovno uravnotežene sta- novanjske oskrbe, je ustvariti stanovanjske komplekse ali naselja z ekonomsko mešano sestavo prebivalstva, ki spod- bujajo interakcijo med družbenimi sloji in zmanjšujejo čedalje večje socialne razlike. Namen članka je potrditi pojav družbene interakcije med socialno-ekonomskimi sloji v naseljih z ekonomsko mešano sestavo prebivalstva. Za boljše razumevanje družbene interakcije med stanovalci so avtorji najprej proučili razloge za izbor tovrstne stanovanjske soseske, in sicer za vsak socialno-ekonomski sloj posebej. Za to so uporabili metodo vrednotenja po vselitvi na primeru ograjenega naselja v Cibuburju v Zahodni Javi, ki je znan po dobri kakovosti stanovanjskih sosesk in infrastrukture. Izsledki raziskave kažejo, da je varovanje še vedno glavni razlog za to, zakaj se ljudje od- ločijo živeti v tovrstnem ograjenem naselju. Zaradi manjše ekskluzivnosti naselja pa je čedalje manjša tudi pogostost uporabe tamkajšnje infrastrukture in površin, pripadniki posameznih družbenih slojev pa se raje kot s stanovalci istega stanovanjskega kompleksa v naselju družijo s pri- padniki istega sloja v drugih stanovanjskih kompleksih, kar se ne ujema s cilji politike cenovno uravnotežene stanovanjske oskrbe.
{"title":"Družbena interakcija v ograjenem naselju z ekonomsko mešano sestavo prebivalstva v Cibuburju v Zahodni Javi","authors":"Maria Lestari Olivia, Joko Adianto, Rossa Turpuk Gabe","doi":"10.5379/urbani-izziv-2019-30-02-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-2019-30-02-003","url":null,"abstract":"Ograjena naselja veljajo za škodljivo obliko urbane segregacije, saj so to varovane stanovanjske soseske z ekskluzivno infrastrukturo. Cilj indonezijske vladne politike, povezane z zagotavljanjem cenovno uravnotežene sta- novanjske oskrbe, je ustvariti stanovanjske komplekse ali naselja z ekonomsko mešano sestavo prebivalstva, ki spod- bujajo interakcijo med družbenimi sloji in zmanjšujejo čedalje večje socialne razlike. Namen članka je potrditi pojav družbene interakcije med socialno-ekonomskimi sloji v naseljih z ekonomsko mešano sestavo prebivalstva. Za boljše razumevanje družbene interakcije med stanovalci so avtorji najprej proučili razloge za izbor tovrstne stanovanjske soseske, in sicer za vsak socialno-ekonomski sloj posebej. Za to so uporabili metodo vrednotenja po vselitvi na primeru ograjenega naselja v Cibuburju v Zahodni Javi, ki je znan po dobri kakovosti stanovanjskih sosesk in infrastrukture. Izsledki raziskave kažejo, da je varovanje še vedno glavni razlog za to, zakaj se ljudje od- ločijo živeti v tovrstnem ograjenem naselju. Zaradi manjše ekskluzivnosti naselja pa je čedalje manjša tudi pogostost uporabe tamkajšnje infrastrukture in površin, pripadniki posameznih družbenih slojev pa se raje kot s stanovalci istega stanovanjskega kompleksa v naselju družijo s pri- padniki istega sloja v drugih stanovanjskih kompleksih, kar se ne ujema s cilji politike cenovno uravnotežene stanovanjske oskrbe.","PeriodicalId":54093,"journal":{"name":"Urbani Izziv-Urban Challenge","volume":"2 1","pages":"30-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42906967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-02DOI: 10.5379/urbani-izziv-2019-30-02-005
Barbara Goličnik Marušić, Nevenka Mihevc, Manca Dremel
Članek obravnava vprašanja o nosilni sposobnosti prostora za sprostitev in rekreacijo v obmestnih krajinah visokih naravnih ali kulturnih vrednot. Temelji na konceptu pristopov od spodaj navzgor, pri cemer uporablja metodo opazovanja in vedenjskih zemljevidov, ki temelji na drobnih kvalitativnih podatkih. Osredotoca se na zasnovo koncepta nosilne sposobnosti naravno vrednega obmocja za rabo in na ugotavljanje ocene nosilne sposobnosti takega obmocja za rabo. Izhajali smo iz Golicnik Marušic (2015), ki nakazuje smisel obravnave razvoja in nacrtovanja zelene infrastrukture z vidika uporabnikovih potreb in navad ter s konceptom nosilne sposobnosti prostora za zasedbo vkljucili tudi varstveni vidik. Na podlagi izvedenih podatkov, pridobljenih z opazovanjem in kartiranjem vedenja, smo komentirali dejansko rabo, uporabnike z vidika starostnih skupin ter nacin zasedanja prostora, pogostost pojavljanja dejavnosti in nacine zadrževanja v prostoru na primeru Jezera pri Podpeci, priljubljene izletniško-rekreacijske tocke na robu Ljubljanskega barja.
本文讨论了具有较高自然或文化价值的郊区景观中休闲娱乐空间的承载力问题。它基于自下而上方法的概念，使用了一种观察方法和基于少量定性数据的行为图。它侧重于自然有价值的使用区域的承载能力的概念，以及评估这种使用区域的承受能力。我们从Golicnik Marušic（2015）开始，这表明了从用户的需求和习惯角度考虑绿色基础设施的开发和规划的意义，并与占用空间的承载能力概念一起包括了保护方面。根据观察和绘制行为图获得的数据，我们从年龄组和空间占用方式的角度对实际使用情况、用户、活动频率和在空间中的停留方式进行了评论，例如卢布尔雅那沼泽边缘的热门游览和娱乐点Jezero pri Podpeca。
{"title":"Vzorci zasedbe prostora za potrebe sprostitve in rekreacije v obmestnem prostoru: primer Jezero pri Podpeči, Slovenija","authors":"Barbara Goličnik Marušić, Nevenka Mihevc, Manca Dremel","doi":"10.5379/urbani-izziv-2019-30-02-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-2019-30-02-005","url":null,"abstract":"Članek obravnava vprašanja o nosilni sposobnosti prostora za sprostitev in rekreacijo v obmestnih krajinah visokih naravnih ali kulturnih vrednot. Temelji na konceptu pristopov od spodaj navzgor, pri cemer uporablja metodo opazovanja in vedenjskih zemljevidov, ki temelji na drobnih kvalitativnih podatkih. Osredotoca se na zasnovo koncepta nosilne sposobnosti naravno vrednega obmocja za rabo in na ugotavljanje ocene nosilne sposobnosti takega obmocja za rabo. Izhajali smo iz Golicnik Marušic (2015), ki nakazuje smisel obravnave razvoja in nacrtovanja zelene infrastrukture z vidika uporabnikovih potreb in navad ter s konceptom nosilne sposobnosti prostora za zasedbo vkljucili tudi varstveni vidik. Na podlagi izvedenih podatkov, pridobljenih z opazovanjem in kartiranjem vedenja, smo komentirali dejansko rabo, uporabnike z vidika starostnih skupin ter nacin zasedanja prostora, pogostost pojavljanja dejavnosti in nacine zadrževanja v prostoru na primeru Jezera pri Podpeci, priljubljene izletniško-rekreacijske tocke na robu Ljubljanskega barja.","PeriodicalId":54093,"journal":{"name":"Urbani Izziv-Urban Challenge","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45880179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-02DOI: 10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-02-001
Sibel Polat, H. Ö. T. Yildiz
In recent years, central and local governments have carried out studies to establish a legal administrative infrastructure for urban design and to develop urban design guidance to preserve the identity of historic cities under the pressure of rapid urbanization in Turkey. The main aim of this article is to explain how we implemented a participatory urban design guidance (PUrDeG) model for cultural heritage sites, which was developed as part of a research project. We explain how we used various techniques to engage various actors in preparing urban design guidelines for a cultural heritage site. In addition, the article discusses the importance of community engagement techniques and processes in developing urban design guidance, and the context of guidelines for sustainable conservation of cultural heritage sites with examples from the United Kingdom and Turkey. It then presents a case study conducted in the Hanlar District, a Unesco world heritage site in Bursa, Turkey. The case study includes research on planning decisions, site analysis, a survey of urban residents, in depth interviews with local artisans, and an urban design workshop with various actors. The main outcomes of this study include a presentation of how to use various community engagement techniques to prepare urban design guidelines for cultural heritage sites in Turkey, an urban design guidance system for Bursa, and a list of recommendations related to urban design guidelines for the Hanlar District and Bursa in the light of UK experience.
{"title":"Community engagement in developing urban design guidance for heritage sites: The case of Bursa, Turkey","authors":"Sibel Polat, H. Ö. T. Yildiz","doi":"10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-02-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-02-001","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, central and local governments have carried out studies to establish a legal administrative infrastructure for urban design and to develop urban design guidance to preserve the identity of historic cities under the pressure of rapid urbanization in Turkey. The main aim of this article is to explain how we implemented a participatory urban design guidance (PUrDeG) model for cultural heritage sites, which was developed as part of a research project. We explain how we used various techniques to engage various actors in preparing urban design guidelines for a cultural heritage site. In addition, the article discusses the importance of community engagement techniques and processes in developing urban design guidance, and the context of guidelines for sustainable conservation of cultural heritage sites with examples from the United Kingdom and Turkey. It then presents a case study conducted in the Hanlar District, a Unesco world heritage site in Bursa, Turkey. The case study includes research on planning decisions, site analysis, a survey of urban residents, in depth interviews with local artisans, and an urban design workshop with various actors. The main outcomes of this study include a presentation of how to use various community engagement techniques to prepare urban design guidelines for cultural heritage sites in Turkey, an urban design guidance system for Bursa, and a list of recommendations related to urban design guidelines for the Hanlar District and Bursa in the light of UK experience.","PeriodicalId":54093,"journal":{"name":"Urbani Izziv-Urban Challenge","volume":"2 1","pages":"70-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42311782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-02DOI: 10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-02-006
Špela Kryžanowski
Feng shui is a traditional Chinese art of creating a supportive living environment. Despite many research contributions on feng shui, very few verify (comparatively or experimentally) the actual e ectiveness of feng shui recommendations. Even the architectural profession has never clearly de ned its opinion on feng shui. is comparative analysis seeks to determine whether 118 selected feng shui school of form recommendations are consistent with the recommendations of Alexander et al.’s pattern language and with selected ndings in environmental psychology. e results support this, showing that 34% of the recommendations (or forty recommendations out of 118 in total) are consistent with pattern language and that 45% (or y-three recommendations) are fully or partially consistent with the ndings of environmental psychology. Altogether, more than half of the recommendations (57%, or sixty-seven recommendations) are consistent (indirectly con rmed) by one or the other knowledge system, which means that it is very likely that these recommendations will actually have the promised impact on users of physical space. Twenty-seven feng shui recommendations (or 23% out of the 118) are doubly consistent, of which most are related to the ve-animals feng shui model, the importance of the presence of water and natural light in the living environment, and the importance of the main entrance. e bulk of the recommendations, which remain unaddressed, relate to the Chinese concept of living energy, or qi.
{"title":"A comparative analysis of selected recommendations of the feng shui school of form, Alexander et al.’s pattern language, and findings of environmental psychology","authors":"Špela Kryžanowski","doi":"10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-02-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-02-006","url":null,"abstract":"Feng shui is a traditional Chinese art of creating a supportive living environment. Despite many research contributions on feng shui, very few verify (comparatively or experimentally) the actual e ectiveness of feng shui recommendations. Even the architectural profession has never clearly de ned its opinion on feng shui. is comparative analysis seeks to determine whether 118 selected feng shui school of form recommendations are consistent with the recommendations of Alexander et al.’s pattern language and with selected ndings in environmental psychology. e results support this, showing that 34% of the recommendations (or forty recommendations out of 118 in total) are consistent with pattern language and that 45% (or y-three recommendations) are fully or partially consistent with the ndings of environmental psychology. Altogether, more than half of the recommendations (57%, or sixty-seven recommendations) are consistent (indirectly con rmed) by one or the other knowledge system, which means that it is very likely that these recommendations will actually have the promised impact on users of physical space. Twenty-seven feng shui recommendations (or 23% out of the 118) are doubly consistent, of which most are related to the ve-animals feng shui model, the importance of the presence of water and natural light in the living environment, and the importance of the main entrance. e bulk of the recommendations, which remain unaddressed, relate to the Chinese concept of living energy, or qi.","PeriodicalId":54093,"journal":{"name":"Urbani Izziv-Urban Challenge","volume":"30 1","pages":"124-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46707828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-02DOI: 10.5379/urbani-izziv-2019-30-02-001
Sibel Polat, Ozge Tumer Yildiz
V zadnjih letih so centralna vlada in lokalne uprave v Turčiji izvedle različne študije, da bi vzpostavile pravno-upravni okvir urbanističnega oblikovanja in pripravile oblikovalske smernice za ohranjanje identitete zgodovinskih mest pod pritiski hitre urbanizacije. V članku sta avtorici pojasnili, kako sta v praksi izvedli model participativne priprave oblikovalskih smernic za območja kulturne dediščine, ki sta ga oblikovali v okviru znanstvenoraziskovalnega projekta. Predstavili sta uporabo raznih metod, da se lahko v pripravo oblikovalskih smernic za območja kulturne dediščine vključi raznovrstne akterje, razpravljali sta o pomembnosti metod in procesov vključevanja lokalne skupnosti v pripravo teh smernic, na podlagi primerov iz Združenega kraljestva in Turčije pa sta osvetlili področje uporabe smernic za trajnostno ohranjanje območij kulturne dediščine na splošno. Predstavili sta še študijo primera, opravljeno v turškem mestu. Bursa, natančneje v predelu Hanlar, ki je na Unescovem seznamu svetovne dediščine. Študija je obsegala raziskavo načrtovalskih odločitev, analizo območja, anketo med mestnimi prebivalci, poglobljene intervjuje z lokalnimi obrtniki in oblikovalsko delavnico z raznovrstnimi akterji. V predstavitvi glavnih izsledkov študije so med drugim navedeni uporaba raznih načinov vključevanja skupnosti v pripravo oblikovalskih smernic za območja kulturne dediščine v Turčiji, sistem oblikovalskih usmeritev za Burso in seznam priporočil, povezanih z oblikovalskimi smernicami za Hanlar in Burso, sestavljen na podlagi primerov iz Združenega kraljestva.
{"title":"Vključenost lokalne skupnosti v pripravo smernic za urbanistično oblikovanje na območjih kulturne dediščine: primer Burse v Turčiji","authors":"Sibel Polat, Ozge Tumer Yildiz","doi":"10.5379/urbani-izziv-2019-30-02-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-2019-30-02-001","url":null,"abstract":"V zadnjih letih so centralna vlada in lokalne uprave v Turčiji izvedle različne študije, da bi vzpostavile pravno-upravni okvir urbanističnega oblikovanja in pripravile oblikovalske smernice za ohranjanje identitete zgodovinskih mest pod pritiski hitre urbanizacije. V članku sta avtorici pojasnili, kako sta v praksi izvedli model participativne priprave oblikovalskih smernic za območja kulturne dediščine, ki sta ga oblikovali v okviru znanstvenoraziskovalnega projekta. Predstavili sta uporabo raznih metod, da se lahko v pripravo oblikovalskih smernic za območja kulturne dediščine vključi raznovrstne akterje, razpravljali sta o pomembnosti metod in procesov vključevanja lokalne skupnosti v pripravo teh smernic, na podlagi primerov iz Združenega kraljestva in Turčije pa sta osvetlili področje uporabe smernic za trajnostno ohranjanje območij kulturne dediščine na splošno. Predstavili sta še študijo primera, opravljeno v turškem mestu. Bursa, natančneje v predelu Hanlar, ki je na Unescovem seznamu svetovne dediščine. Študija je obsegala raziskavo načrtovalskih odločitev, analizo območja, anketo med mestnimi prebivalci, poglobljene intervjuje z lokalnimi obrtniki in oblikovalsko delavnico z raznovrstnimi akterji. V predstavitvi glavnih izsledkov študije so med drugim navedeni uporaba raznih načinov vključevanja skupnosti v pripravo oblikovalskih smernic za območja kulturne dediščine v Turčiji, sistem oblikovalskih usmeritev za Burso in seznam priporočil, povezanih z oblikovalskimi smernicami za Hanlar in Burso, sestavljen na podlagi primerov iz Združenega kraljestva.","PeriodicalId":54093,"journal":{"name":"Urbani Izziv-Urban Challenge","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43603734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-02DOI: 10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-02-004
Gordana Kaplan
Rapid urbanization has several negative effects on both the environment and human health. Urbanization has also become an important contributor to global warming. One of these effects is the urban heat island (UHI), which is caused by human activities and defined as the temperature difference between urban and surrounding rural areas. With rapid urbanization in the past few decades, Skopje has experienced remarkable UHI effects. To investigate the roles of built-up and green areas in a surface UHI, this article uses satellite data from Landsat ETM+ to analyse the land surface temperature and high-resolution Planet Scope DOVE data to analyse built-up and green areas. For geostatistical analyses, seventeen randomly selected subareas in Skopje were used. The results show a significant correlation between the UHI and built-up areas, and strong correlation between green areas and areas not affected by the UHI, indicating that the UHI effect can be significantly weakened with additional green areas. One of the significant findings in the study is the ideal proportion of built-up (40%) and green areas (60%), where the UHI effect is weak, or in some cases prevented. For future studies, investigating other factors that may contribute to the UHI phenomenon is suggested.
{"title":"Evaluating the roles of green and built-up areas in reducing a surface urban heat island using remote sensing data","authors":"Gordana Kaplan","doi":"10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-02-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-02-004","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid urbanization has several negative effects on both the environment and human health. Urbanization has also become an important contributor to global warming.\u0000One of these effects is the urban heat island (UHI), which is caused by human activities and defined as the temperature difference between urban and surrounding\u0000rural areas. With rapid urbanization in the past few decades, Skopje has experienced remarkable UHI effects. To investigate the roles of built-up and green areas in a surface UHI, this article uses satellite data from Landsat ETM+ to analyse the land surface temperature and high-resolution Planet Scope DOVE data to analyse\u0000built-up and green areas. For geostatistical analyses, seventeen randomly selected subareas in Skopje were used. The results show a significant correlation between the UHI and built-up areas, and strong correlation between green areas and areas not affected by the UHI, indicating that the UHI effect can be significantly weakened with\u0000additional green areas. One of the significant findings in the study is the ideal proportion of built-up (40%) and green areas (60%), where the UHI effect is weak, or in\u0000some cases prevented. For future studies, investigating other factors that may contribute to the UHI phenomenon is suggested.","PeriodicalId":54093,"journal":{"name":"Urbani Izziv-Urban Challenge","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45093847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-02DOI: 10.5379/urbani-izziv-2019-30-02-002
Bojan Grum
Zanimalo nas je, ali lahko morebitne statistično značilne razlike glede na demografske značilnosti udeležencev kažejo na medgeneracijsko različna dojemanja bivalnega okolja. Za proučevanje smo uporabili metodologijo, ki sloni na kvantitativni metodi. Starejši udeleženci raziskave so poročali o večjem zadovoljstvu, večjem občutku druž- beno-ekonomske homogenosti soseske, boljših sosedskih odnosih in boljših občutkih glede vzdrževanja grajenega okolja kot mlajši udeleženci. Zanimivo pa je, da mlajši udeleženci raziskave izražajo višjo stopnjo strinjanja glede vandalizma ter fizičnih in besednih napadov v soseski. Rezultati raziskave so bili v nasprotju s pričakovanji, saj predhodne študije pri starejših prebivalcih v primerjavi z mlajšimi ugotavljajo precej nižje stopnje strinjanja glede zadovoljstva z grajenim okoljem in pomembno višje stopnje glede kriminalitete. Rezultate si razlagamo z ugoto- vitvami številnih raziskovalcev, skladno s katerimi starejši ljudje še vedno na splošno raje ostarijo v svojem domu, v znanem okolju, saj se pogosto bojijo, da bi zanje prehod v kolektivno ali institucionalno življenjsko okolje neizogib- no pomenil izgubo neodvisnosti, kar posledično pomeni, da okolje sprejemajo tako, kot je. V raziskavi ugotavljamo še, da vrsta izkazanih statistično značilnih razlik kaže na to, da bivalno okolje, ki ima velik učinek na zadovoljstvo in dobro počutje, vendarle ne nudi enake kakovosti gra- jene socialne infrastrukture prav vsem uporabnikom, ki se ločijo po demografskih razlikah.
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Pub Date : 2019-12-02DOI: 10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-02-002
Bojan Grum
This article explores whether potential statistically significant differences in terms of respondents’ demographic characteristics (i.e., age) can point to intergenerational differences in perceptions of the living environment. A quantitative methodology was used. Older respondents reported higher satisfaction, a stronger feeling of socioeconomic homogeneity of the neighbourhood, better neighbourly relations, and more positive opinions on the maintenance of the built environment than did younger respondents. In turn, younger respondents expressed a higher level of agreement about vandalism and physical and verbal attacks in the neighbourhood. These results were unexpected because previous studies showed significantly lower levels of agreement regarding satisfaction with the built environment and significantly higher levels of agreement about crime among older respondents than younger ones. They can be explained by the findings of many researchers, who established that the elderly generally still prefer to grow old at home – that is, in the environment they are familiar with, because they are often afraid that moving to an eldercare facility would inevitably cause them to lose their independence. Therefore, they tend to accept the environment where they live the way it is. On the other hand, the article shows that a series of statistically significant differences established indicates that the living environment, which has a strong impact on people’s satisfaction and well being, nonetheless does not offer the same quality of the built social infrastructure to all users (i.e., users with different demographic characteristics).
{"title":"Differences in perceptions of the living environment by respondent age","authors":"Bojan Grum","doi":"10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-02-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-02-002","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores whether potential statistically significant differences in terms of respondents’ demographic characteristics (i.e., age) can point to intergenerational differences in perceptions of the living environment. A quantitative methodology was used. Older respondents reported higher satisfaction, a stronger feeling of socioeconomic homogeneity of the neighbourhood, better neighbourly relations, and more positive opinions on the maintenance of the built environment than did younger respondents. In turn, younger respondents expressed a higher level of agreement about vandalism and physical and verbal attacks in the neighbourhood. These results were unexpected because previous studies showed significantly lower levels of agreement regarding satisfaction with the built environment and significantly higher levels of agreement about crime among older respondents than younger ones. They can be explained by the findings of many researchers, who established that the elderly generally still prefer to grow old at home – that is, in the environment they are familiar with, because they are often afraid that moving to an eldercare facility would inevitably\u0000cause them to lose their independence. Therefore, they tend to accept the environment where they live the way it is. On the other hand, the article shows that a series\u0000of statistically significant differences established indicates that the living environment, which has a strong impact on people’s satisfaction and well being, nonetheless does not offer the same quality of the built social infrastructure to all users (i.e., users with different demographic characteristics).","PeriodicalId":54093,"journal":{"name":"Urbani Izziv-Urban Challenge","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44172860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-02DOI: 10.5379/urbani-izziv-2019-30-02-006
Špela Kryžanowski
Feng šui je tradicionalna kitajska umetnost oblikovanja podpornega bivalnega okolja. Kljub številnim fengšuiskim znanstvenim prispevkom se jih zelo malo ukvarja s (primerjalnim ali eksperimentalnim) preverjanjem dejanske ucinkovitosti fengšuiskih priporocil. Tudi arhitekturna stroka se do pojava nikoli ni jasno opredelila. Izvedena primerjalna analiza poskuša zato odgovoriti na raziskovalno vprašanje, ali je izbranih118 priporocil fengšuiske šole oblike usklajenih s priporocili jezika vzorcev Alexandra in sodelavcev ter izbranimi spoznanji okoljske psihologije. Rezultati pritrjujejo raziskovalnemu vprašanju in kažejo, da je 34% (40 priporocil od118) priporocil usklajenih z jezikom vzorcev in da je 45% (53) v celoti ali delno usklajenih s spoznanji okoljske psihologije. Skupaj je v okviru enega ali drugega sistema znanja skladna (posredno potrjena) dobra polovica (natancneje 57% ali 67) priporocil, kar pomeni, da obstaja velika verjetnost, da ta priporocila dejansko imajo na uporabnike prostora vpliv, kot ga obljubljajo. Dvojno skladnih je 27 priporocil (23%), pri cemer se jih najvec povezuje s fengšuisko shemo petih živali, pomenom prisotnosti vode in naravne svetlobe v bivalnem okolju ter pomenom glavnega vhoda. Najvecji del priporocil, ki ostane neprekritih, se povezuje s kitajskim konceptom življenjske energije qi (izg.ci).
{"title":"Primerjalna analiza med izbranimi priporocili fengšuiske šole oblike, jezikom vzorcev Alexandra in sodelavcev ter spoznanji okoljske psihologije","authors":"Špela Kryžanowski","doi":"10.5379/urbani-izziv-2019-30-02-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-2019-30-02-006","url":null,"abstract":"Feng šui je tradicionalna kitajska umetnost oblikovanja podpornega bivalnega okolja. Kljub številnim fengšuiskim znanstvenim prispevkom se jih zelo malo ukvarja s (primerjalnim ali eksperimentalnim) preverjanjem dejanske ucinkovitosti fengšuiskih priporocil. Tudi arhitekturna stroka se do pojava nikoli ni jasno opredelila. Izvedena primerjalna analiza poskuša zato odgovoriti na raziskovalno vprašanje, ali je izbranih118 priporocil fengšuiske šole oblike usklajenih s priporocili jezika vzorcev Alexandra in sodelavcev ter izbranimi spoznanji okoljske psihologije. Rezultati pritrjujejo raziskovalnemu vprašanju in kažejo, da je 34% (40 priporocil od118) priporocil usklajenih z jezikom vzorcev in da je 45% (53) v celoti ali delno usklajenih s spoznanji okoljske psihologije. Skupaj je v okviru enega ali drugega sistema znanja skladna (posredno potrjena) dobra polovica (natancneje 57% ali 67) priporocil, kar pomeni, da obstaja velika verjetnost, da ta priporocila dejansko imajo na uporabnike prostora vpliv, kot ga obljubljajo. Dvojno skladnih je 27 priporocil (23%), pri cemer se jih najvec povezuje s fengšuisko shemo petih živali, pomenom prisotnosti vode in naravne svetlobe v bivalnem okolju ter pomenom glavnega vhoda. Najvecji del priporocil, ki ostane neprekritih, se povezuje s kitajskim konceptom življenjske energije qi (izg.ci).","PeriodicalId":54093,"journal":{"name":"Urbani Izziv-Urban Challenge","volume":"2 1","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48327239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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