Asia-Pacific Financial Markets最新文献

This paper proposes a fuzzy jump-diffusion (FJD) option pricing model based on Merton (J Financ Econ 3:125–144, 1976) normal jump-diffusion price dynamics. The logarithm of the stock price is assumed to be a Gaussian fuzzy number and the risk-free interest rate, diffusion, and jump parameters of the Merton model are assumed to be triangular fuzzy numbers to model the impreciseness which occurs due to the variation in financial markets. Using these assumptions, a fuzzy formula for the European call option price has been proposed. Given any value of the option price, its belief degree is obtained by using the bisection search algorithm. Our FJD model is an extension of Xu et al. (Insur Math Econ 44:337–344, 2009) fuzzy normal jump-diffusion model and has been tested on NIFTY 50 and Nikkei 225 indices options. The fuzzy call option prices are defuzzified and it has been found that our FJD model outperforms Wu et al. (Comput Oper Res 31:069–1081, 2004) fuzzy Black-Scholes model for in-the-money (ITM) and near-the-money (NTM) options as well as outperforms Xu et al. (Insur Math Econ 44:337– 344, 2009) model for both ITM and out-of-the-money (OTM) options.

Using a sample of 16 international stock market indices spanning the period of January 2015 to June 2022, we examine how global equity markets interact with respect to volatility spillover, with a special focus on types of investment horizons, and how the connectedness structure evolves during the COVID-19 outbreak. Empirical results suggest that there is strong evidence of volatility spillovers among global stock markets, and the COVID-19 pandemic further strengthens such volatility spillovers. However, the structure of the frequency connectedness changes gradually when compared to the full sample period. We further investigate if economic policy uncertainty (EPU) affects volatility spillovers among global stock markets. The results suggest that EPU significantly affects the connectedness among global stock markets, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Overall, the findings suggest that volatility spillovers across international stock markets vary with time horizons and market conditions, which contributes to the academic literature on modelling global volatility spillovers. Practically, the findings of the study contribute to investors and policymakers in adjusting trading strategies and monitoring market risks.

The ESG ratings have been focused in response to the requirements for green development. However, the uncertainty created by ESG disagreements has caused market participants to question their reliability. This study empirically examines how ESG disagreements affect stock price crash risk based on data from Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies. We find that ESG disagreement significantly reduces stock price crash risk and that this relationship is largely driven by environmental disagreement. The mechanism analysis suggests that ESG disagreement increases media attention, subsequently leading to a reduction in stock price crash risk. Additional analysis shows that the driving effect of environmental disagreement is more significant in non-heavy-polluting industries. Positive environmental protection policies help reduce stock price crash risk.

This study examines the effects of political affiliations as an external governance element on various aspects of the IPO procedure in China. Within China, the significance of political connections is widely recognized as a notable external governance factor capable of exerting influence over both the IPO process. Utilizing a distinctive dataset comprising IPO information from 1856 firms in China spanning the period between 2014 and 2021, the primary objective of this research is to demonstrate that companies with political affiliations have a higher probability of experiencing underpricing, coupled with an increased likelihood of attracting investments from retail investors. Furthermore, these firms tend to attract prestigious underwriters and more underwriter subscriptions, despite having to pay higher floating costs and underwriting fees. Lastly, the study demonstrates that political connections are especially beneficial for firms during market uncertainty, such as the recent pandemic. Political connections act as monitors, reducing information asymmetry and signaling positive aspects of the firms to investors. To strengthen the main conclusions, the study conducts various robustness tests, including PSM and subsample analysis. Overall, the research adds to the existing literature on the crucial role of political connections in promoting IPO practices and reducing information asymmetry through monitoring and support.

This paper examines the role of firm-level multinationality in equity portfolio diversification for Japanese firms from 1998 to 2015. We use a unique multinationality dataset for constituents of the Nikkei 225 based on two measures of sales and subsidiaries. We employ an extended version of the traditional Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to analyse the exposure of firm returns to various geographical regions. There is evidence that firms are not influenced by the geographic regions where they report operations. The results also indicate that there are benefits from investing in Japanese multinationals but these benefits do not increase with increasing multinationality. A new category of firms is identified that may be beneficial to investors—firms that are influenced by a geographical region where they do not report sales or subsidiaries. This finding has far reaching implications for portfolio management. Investors must do more than analyse the international location of firm operations. They must analyse the geographical influences on firm returns. Existing studies fail to distinguish between these two criteria, assuming them to be the same. We find evidence to the contrary.

This study explores the impact of policy uncertainty, geopolitical risk, and sustainable disclosure (ESG) on corporate performance for the period 2014–21 across 23 countries. Using the System GMM technique, it uncovers a negative link between policy uncertainty, geopolitical risk, and corporate performance. Sustainable disclosure mitigates the influence of economic uncertainty and geopolitical risk on firm performance. The results are robust across the various other econometric methods (i.e. fixed effect, random effect and feasible generalized least squares) and alternative proxy used for sustainability disclosure. These findings have implications for policymakers and managers, highlighting the importance of aligning policies with sustainable disclosure practices. This study contributes to the literature by examining these factors on a cross-country scale, potentially among the first of its kind.

This paper examines the impact of economic freedom on the financial fragility of 1,496 non-financial SMEs in Vietnam over the period 2012–2020. We also evaluate the effect of ownership structure on the relationship between economic freedom and financial fragility. Our findings provide evidence that an increase in the degree of aggregated economic freedom and its categories – rule of law, regulatory efficiency, and market openness – help firms reduce the level of financial fragility. However, an increased government size tends to worsen their financial risk. Regarding the impact of ownership, our results reveal that greater rule of law, regulatory efficiency, and market openness have a positive influence on foreign-owned firms, enabling them to maintain lower levels of financial fragility compared to non-foreign-owned firms. However, foreign-owned firms experience a higher level of financial fragility relative to domestically private-owned firms due to increased government size. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that there is no difference in the effect of economic freedom on financial fragility between state-owned and non-state-owned firms in Vietnam. This finding has implications for recognizing the importance of foreign ownership and economic freedom in emerging markets. It also encourages foreign shareholders to design appropriate policies to mitigate financial risk.

The present study aims to identify the non-linear relationship of bullish and bearish investor sentiment with conditional volatility. It is conducted in emerging equity markets of Brazil, India, Pakistan, Russia, Indonesia, South Africa, and China. The data regarding share prices, shares outstanding, and trading volume is collected from the representative indices for a period from 2001 to 2020. Investor Sentiment Index is constructed using Principal Component Analysis and decomposed into bullish and bearish investor sentiment. The GARCH model is applied to generate conditional volatility and the Non-linear Auto Regressive Moving Average model is applied to analyze the asymmetric relationship between conditional volatility and investor sentiment at the country level. The Panel GARCH model is applied to generate conditional volatility for panel data, and the Non-linear Dynamic Auto Regressive Moving Average model is applied to investigate the nonlinear relation of investor sentiment with volatility. Bullish and bearish investor sentiments show a significant effect in generating conditional volatility in the markets in both linear as well as nonlinear settings.

This study aims to investigate the oil price asymmetric effect on stock return of renewable energy companies. We apply panel Non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag to examine the effect of positive and negative changes in the oil price. The monthly data of all renewable energy companies listed in the National Stock Exchange of India are considered for the analysis. We find the oil price asymmetric effect only on stock returns of the standalone renewable products and services companies in the long run. This asymmetric effect is not found in the whole sample and other sub-groups of renewable energy companies. The findings would be useful to investors, portfolio managers, corporate managers and policymakers.

This study investigates how board and audit committee characteristics, alongside sustainable policies, influence corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance (Total ESG Score). We also evaluate their individual effects on environmental, social, and governance ratings. Our research focuses on non-financial firms in India’s Nifty 500 index. We employ panel data analysis, utilising information sourced from annual reports and Bloomberg. The research outcomes state that, CSR performance is positively impacted by board size as well as the implementation of social and environmental policies. Larger and more independent audit committees, on the contrary, appear to have a negative impact on CSR outcomes. Surprisingly, CSR success did not significantly correlate with either gender’s diversity or independence of the board.