Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.15678/ier.2021.0702.06
Aleksandra Stanek-Kowalczyk
Objective: The objective of the article is to review entities operating in Poland on the basis of sustainable business models in order to determine the scale and development potential for this phenomenon and to define the profile of this type of enterprises operating in Poland.Research Design & Methods: The study was based on a desk research analysis divided into two phases: Part one: creation of a picture of the positive impact start-up market, taking into account the following data: establishment year of the enterprise, the city, in which the business is registered, the industry, in which the company operates, type of activity. Part two: creation of a picture of the positive impact start-up market in terms of the use of new technologies. Source of data: the database of Positive Impact Start-ups, prepared and published by Koźminski Business Hub, which is the only list of enterprises operating in Poland based on sustainable business models.Findings: Based on the analysed data, a profile of a Positive Impact Start-up was created with the most typical characteristics of this type of enterprise. A profile is a set of features that are most frequent within each analysed category.Implications & Recommendations: The study describes a new type of enterprises in Poland, including the scale of development of such type of enterprises and their characteristics. That can help the policy-makers in proper definition of business landscape in Poland – both today and in a near future – and defining the regulatory needs of such type of enterprises.Contribution & Value Added: The study contributes to the literature on the sustainable business models, by analysing the development and characteristics of sustainable business model based enterprises operating in Poland, as well as defining the profile of such enterprise operating in Poland.
目的:本文的目的是在可持续商业模式的基础上审查在波兰经营的实体，以确定这一现象的规模和发展潜力，并定义在波兰经营的这类企业的概况。研究设计与方法:该研究基于桌面研究分析，分为两个阶段:第一部分:创建积极影响创业市场的图片，考虑到以下数据:企业成立年份，企业注册所在城市，公司运营所在行业，活动类型。第二部分:就新技术的应用对创业市场的积极影响创造一幅图景。数据来源:由Koźminski Business Hub编制和发布的Positive Impact startups数据库，这是波兰唯一一个基于可持续商业模式运营的企业名单。研究结果:根据分析的数据，创建了具有积极影响的初创企业最典型特征的概况。概要文件是在每个分析的类别中最常见的一组特征。启示与建议:本研究描述了波兰的一种新型企业，包括这类企业的发展规模和特点。这可以帮助政策制定者正确定义波兰的商业环境——无论是现在还是不久的将来——并确定这类企业的监管需求。贡献与增值:该研究通过分析在波兰运营的基于可持续商业模式的企业的发展和特征，以及定义在波兰运营的此类企业的概况，为可持续商业模式的文献做出贡献。
{"title":"Sustainable development start-ups as a new category of enterprises in Poland","authors":"Aleksandra Stanek-Kowalczyk","doi":"10.15678/ier.2021.0702.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/ier.2021.0702.06","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of the article is to review entities operating in Poland on the basis of sustainable business models in order to determine the scale and development potential for this phenomenon and to define the profile of this type of enterprises operating in Poland.Research Design & Methods: The study was based on a desk research analysis divided into two phases: Part one: creation of a picture of the positive impact start-up market, taking into account the following data: establishment year of the enterprise, the city, in which the business is registered, the industry, in which the company operates, type of activity. Part two: creation of a picture of the positive impact start-up market in terms of the use of new technologies. Source of data: the database of Positive Impact Start-ups, prepared and published by Koźminski Business Hub, which is the only list of enterprises operating in Poland based on sustainable business models.Findings: Based on the analysed data, a profile of a Positive Impact Start-up was created with the most typical characteristics of this type of enterprise. A profile is a set of features that are most frequent within each analysed category.Implications & Recommendations: The study describes a new type of enterprises in Poland, including the scale of development of such type of enterprises and their characteristics. That can help the policy-makers in proper definition of business landscape in Poland – both today and in a near future – and defining the regulatory needs of such type of enterprises.Contribution & Value Added: The study contributes to the literature on the sustainable business models, by analysing the development and characteristics of sustainable business model based enterprises operating in Poland, as well as defining the profile of such enterprise operating in Poland.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80874529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.15678/ier.2021.0702.05
Ayman Balawi
Objective: This paper aims to investigate and assess the UAE’s overall entrepreneurship performance (ecosystem) by applying the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI).Research Design & Methods: This paper assesses the United Arab Emirates’ entrepreneurial ecosystem and compares it with Qatar and Saudi Arabia by using the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) data collected between 2011 and 2016. The GEI approach is applied to measure the entrepreneurship ecosystem at the country level, and it constitutes an appropriate method to encourage a higher level of entrepreneurship by considering its quality aspects.Findings: Outcomes show an entrepreneurial ecosystem with a GEI index of 44.6. Technology absorption is a critical bottleneck that suppresses entrepreneurial goals. Despite the low score of this pillar, the UAE has one of the highest GDP per capita among all participating countries. As a result, the GEI score of the United Arab Emirates and its sub-indices are above the global average trend and count to the most innovation-driven economies worldwide. However, the UAE is not performing well compared to other average performers in its category.Implications & Recommendations: Crucial policy interferences are required for the improvement of technology absorption. UAE calls for 4% additional resources to expand the GEI score by 10%.Contribution & Value Added: Using a novel approach incorporating individual and institutional variables into a single model, this paper identifies the weak aspects of UAE’s entrepreneurial performance. Also, the utilisation of (PFB) is used to identify which entrepreneurial factors should be tackled.
{"title":"Entrepreneurship ecosystem in the United Arab Emirates: An empirical comparison with Qatar and Saudi Arabia","authors":"Ayman Balawi","doi":"10.15678/ier.2021.0702.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/ier.2021.0702.05","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This paper aims to investigate and assess the UAE’s overall entrepreneurship performance (ecosystem) by applying the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI).Research Design & Methods: This paper assesses the United Arab Emirates’ entrepreneurial ecosystem and compares it with Qatar and Saudi Arabia by using the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) data collected between 2011 and 2016. The GEI approach is applied to measure the entrepreneurship ecosystem at the country level, and it constitutes an appropriate method to encourage a higher level of entrepreneurship by considering its quality aspects.Findings: Outcomes show an entrepreneurial ecosystem with a GEI index of 44.6. Technology absorption is a critical bottleneck that suppresses entrepreneurial goals. Despite the low score of this pillar, the UAE has one of the highest GDP per capita among all participating countries. As a result, the GEI score of the United Arab Emirates and its sub-indices are above the global average trend and count to the most innovation-driven economies worldwide. However, the UAE is not performing well compared to other average performers in its category.Implications & Recommendations: Crucial policy interferences are required for the improvement of technology absorption. UAE calls for 4% additional resources to expand the GEI score by 10%.Contribution & Value Added: Using a novel approach incorporating individual and institutional variables into a single model, this paper identifies the weak aspects of UAE’s entrepreneurial performance. Also, the utilisation of (PFB) is used to identify which entrepreneurial factors should be tackled.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90349036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.15678/ier.2021.0702.04
Sahoum Aljazzazen
Objective: The research objective of this article is to evaluate Luxembourg’s entrepreneurship position and performance, and compare its entrepreneurship profile with other countries, and then to investigate the main bottleneck that holds back Luxembourg’s growth in terms of entrepreneurship.Research Design & Methods: The Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) approach was employed in this research. This methodology focuses on institutional and individual dimensions of entrepreneurship that are linked to efficiency. Furthermore, we used a unique feature of the GEI, the Penalty for Bottleneck (PFB) methodology, to infer which entrepreneurial elements should be tackled and how much effort is needed to alleviate the bottleneck of the Luxembourg entrepreneurial profile.Findings: The study results show no improvement in Luxembourg’s profile in terms of entrepreneurship from 2014 to 2016, although it has a very high GDP per capita than those with GEI higher than it. The “start-up skills” were the main bottleneck in terms of entrepreneurship performance, which lowers the overall GEI score of Luxembourg. Therefore, the start-up skills should be improved 100% to become 0.23 in order to enhance Luxembourg’s GEI score by 10 points; consequently, the new overall GEI becomes 68.3.Implications & Recommendations: To increase and develop entrepreneurship programs in Luxembourg, the responsible authorities in Luxembourg must adapt entrepreneurship programs that target various groups of society, especially with many immigrants. It should also facilitate access to entrepreneurial and support programs to enable aspiring entrepreneurs to create their businesses. Luxembourg should also focus on refugees by strengthening the entrepreneurial programs available to them and cooperating with NGOs to overcome obstacles such as the language barrier.Contribution & Value Added: This paper highlights Luxembourg’s vulnerable performance using a new approach that combines single and institutional variables in a unique model. Additionally, what sets this research apart is the use of PFB, which is also used to uncover the components of entrepreneurship that need to be addressed.
{"title":"Entrepreneurial ecosystem of Luxembourg: Empirical insights into barriers and stimuli based on GEI data","authors":"Sahoum Aljazzazen","doi":"10.15678/ier.2021.0702.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/ier.2021.0702.04","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The research objective of this article is to evaluate Luxembourg’s entrepreneurship position and performance, and compare its entrepreneurship profile with other countries, and then to investigate the main bottleneck that holds back Luxembourg’s growth in terms of entrepreneurship.Research Design & Methods: The Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) approach was employed in this research. This methodology focuses on institutional and individual dimensions of entrepreneurship that are linked to efficiency. Furthermore, we used a unique feature of the GEI, the Penalty for Bottleneck (PFB) methodology, to infer which entrepreneurial elements should be tackled and how much effort is needed to alleviate the bottleneck of the Luxembourg entrepreneurial profile.Findings: The study results show no improvement in Luxembourg’s profile in terms of entrepreneurship from 2014 to 2016, although it has a very high GDP per capita than those with GEI higher than it. The “start-up skills” were the main bottleneck in terms of entrepreneurship performance, which lowers the overall GEI score of Luxembourg. Therefore, the start-up skills should be improved 100% to become 0.23 in order to enhance Luxembourg’s GEI score by 10 points; consequently, the new overall GEI becomes 68.3.Implications & Recommendations: To increase and develop entrepreneurship programs in Luxembourg, the responsible authorities in Luxembourg must adapt entrepreneurship programs that target various groups of society, especially with many immigrants. It should also facilitate access to entrepreneurial and support programs to enable aspiring entrepreneurs to create their businesses. Luxembourg should also focus on refugees by strengthening the entrepreneurial programs available to them and cooperating with NGOs to overcome obstacles such as the language barrier.Contribution & Value Added: This paper highlights Luxembourg’s vulnerable performance using a new approach that combines single and institutional variables in a unique model. Additionally, what sets this research apart is the use of PFB, which is also used to uncover the components of entrepreneurship that need to be addressed.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74199842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.15678/ier.2021.0702.02
Praise Oluwatoyin Omoshagba, M. Adeyeye, A. Sajuyigbe
Objective: Strategic entrepreneurship provides value that allows companies to compete favourably in the market compared to their competitors, especially in the banking sector, and thus influence their performance. Therefore, this study examined the impact of strategic entrepreneurship on the performance of Nigerian banks.Research Design & Methods: A quantitative approach was adopted for the study, which used a post facto study design. The sample size consists of 10 banks listed before 2009 that were only excluded in 2018 with related data. Secondary data collected from annual reports and financial statements of all sample banks over ten years (2010-2019) were analysed. Panel data analysis was used to measure the relationship between independent and dependent variables at p< 0.05.Findings: The study demonstrates that strategic dimensions of entrepreneurship (strategic renewal, sustainable innovation, and domain renewal) play a key role in joint and significant organizational performance. It has also been confirmed that strategic renewal independently affects business organizational performance, while domain definition has a positive but minor relevance. However, permanent regeneration has the opposite effect on organizational performance.Implications & Recommendations: This finding means that many Nigerian banks have failed to put into practice the knowledge and financial commitment to take advantage of opportunities, which is an important means of strengthening the sector amid the pandemic syndrome and highly turbulent environment. It is therefore imperative that the management of Nigerian banks be financially engaged in formulating innovative strategies and activities.Contribution & Value Added: The study has established that strategic entrepreneurship components jointly and independently influence the performance of Nigerian banks. It was also discovered that strategic renewal, sustainable innovation, and domain renewal are strong predictors of banks’ performance.
{"title":"Strategic entrepreneurship and performance of Nigerian banks: A quantitative approach","authors":"Praise Oluwatoyin Omoshagba, M. Adeyeye, A. Sajuyigbe","doi":"10.15678/ier.2021.0702.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/ier.2021.0702.02","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Strategic entrepreneurship provides value that allows companies to compete favourably in the market compared to their competitors, especially in the banking sector, and thus influence their performance. Therefore, this study examined the impact of strategic entrepreneurship on the performance of Nigerian banks.Research Design & Methods: A quantitative approach was adopted for the study, which used a post facto study design. The sample size consists of 10 banks listed before 2009 that were only excluded in 2018 with related data. Secondary data collected from annual reports and financial statements of all sample banks over ten years (2010-2019) were analysed. Panel data analysis was used to measure the relationship between independent and dependent variables at p< 0.05.Findings: The study demonstrates that strategic dimensions of entrepreneurship (strategic renewal, sustainable innovation, and domain renewal) play a key role in joint and significant organizational performance. It has also been confirmed that strategic renewal independently affects business organizational performance, while domain definition has a positive but minor relevance. However, permanent regeneration has the opposite effect on organizational performance.Implications & Recommendations: This finding means that many Nigerian banks have failed to put into practice the knowledge and financial commitment to take advantage of opportunities, which is an important means of strengthening the sector amid the pandemic syndrome and highly turbulent environment. It is therefore imperative that the management of Nigerian banks be financially engaged in formulating innovative strategies and activities.Contribution & Value Added: The study has established that strategic entrepreneurship components jointly and independently influence the performance of Nigerian banks. It was also discovered that strategic renewal, sustainable innovation, and domain renewal are strong predictors of banks’ performance.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80045791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.15678/ier.2021.0702.03
Inten Meutia, Rochmawati Daud
Objective: This study aims to determine and understand the concept of financial accountability in Islamic boarding schools or pesantren. The research is conducted at a pesantren in South Sumatra, which functions as a center for Islamic education and social and business activities. Research Design & Methods: The research data were obtained through in-depth interviews with pesantren administrators. This study uses transcendental phenomenology to analyze qualitative data. Findings: This study found three themes: the nematic of the research informants' experiences, namely Amanah, trust, and Transparency. This study reveals three essential things: first, Accountability in the perspective of the pesantren manager consists of accountability to God, the owner of the pesantren, students, and donors/donors. Second, the manifestation of the implementation of financial accountability is financial recording and reporting. Third, Transparency in understanding pesantren managers is an openness among pesantren administrators. Contribution & Value Added: This study reveals the understanding held by pesantren management in practicing accounting in pesantren.
{"title":"The meaning of financial accountability in Islamic boarding schools: The case of Indonesia","authors":"Inten Meutia, Rochmawati Daud","doi":"10.15678/ier.2021.0702.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/ier.2021.0702.03","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aims to determine and understand the concept of financial accountability in Islamic boarding schools or pesantren. The research is conducted at a pesantren in South Sumatra, which functions as a center for Islamic education and social and business activities. \u0000Research Design & Methods: The research data were obtained through in-depth interviews with pesantren administrators. This study uses transcendental phenomenology to analyze qualitative data. \u0000Findings: This study found three themes: the nematic of the research informants' experiences, namely Amanah, trust, and Transparency. This study reveals three essential things: first, Accountability in the perspective of the pesantren manager consists of accountability to God, the owner of the pesantren, students, and donors/donors. Second, the manifestation of the implementation of financial accountability is financial recording and reporting. Third, Transparency in understanding pesantren managers is an openness among pesantren administrators. \u0000Contribution & Value Added: This study reveals the understanding held by pesantren management in practicing accounting in pesantren.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87573851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 crisis placed the community centres (chitalishte in Bulgarian) in new conditions, which they need to comply with. This unprecedented crisis has impacted the conditions and way of work of all organisations, including the community centres. At the same time, the crisis dictates a new way of behaving and communicating with people. The new conditions require organisations to focus on their functioning in the new digital environment. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to identify the challenges facing community centres as important organisations with socially significant benefits in the crisis COVID-19. The analysis is based on the results of a survey conducted among 26 representatives of the community centres in Blagoevgrad district. Based on the survey, the main problems faced by the community centres in the context of the COVID-19 crisis are identified.
{"title":"CHALLENGES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY CENTRES (CHITALISHTE) IN THE CONDITIONS OF COVID-19","authors":"V. Kyurova, Blagovesta Koyundzhiyska-Davidkova","doi":"10.37708/ep.swu.v9i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v9i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 crisis placed the community centres (chitalishte in Bulgarian) in new conditions, which they need to comply with. This unprecedented crisis has impacted the conditions and way of work of all organisations, including the community centres. At the same time, the crisis dictates a new way of behaving and communicating with people. The new conditions require organisations to focus on their functioning in the new digital environment. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to identify the challenges facing community centres as important organisations with socially significant benefits in the crisis COVID-19. The analysis is based on the results of a survey conducted among 26 representatives of the community centres in Blagoevgrad district. Based on the survey, the main problems faced by the community centres in the context of the COVID-19 crisis are identified.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"100 1","pages":"56-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90264818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ever since philosophers argued what drives people in a certain direction in their behavior and motivation. From the start of the motivation theory as a part of phycology and later as part of labor management, scholars tried to explain the reason of a certain behavior and consequently the possible interactions on the work-place in order to direct and maintain a behavior, beneficial for the organization. In the beginning, scholars adopted the view, that people are ever needing individuals, who are motivated only within the aspect of fulfilling their needs. Later, the focus of scholars tilted to a fundamentally different direction. Our goal in this paper is to examine the motivational theory in the aspect of the retrospective analysis and its application in the modern enterprise.
{"title":"RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF INTRINSIC MOTIVATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MODERN ENTERPRISE","authors":"P. Ivanov, M. Usheva","doi":"10.37708/ep.swu.v9i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v9i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since philosophers argued what drives people in a certain direction in their behavior and motivation. From the start of the motivation theory as a part of phycology and later as part of labor management, scholars tried to explain the reason of a certain behavior and consequently the possible interactions on the work-place in order to direct and maintain a behavior, beneficial for the organization. In the beginning, scholars adopted the view, that people are ever needing individuals, who are motivated only within the aspect of fulfilling their needs. Later, the focus of scholars tilted to a fundamentally different direction. Our goal in this paper is to examine the motivational theory in the aspect of the retrospective analysis and its application in the modern enterprise.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"5 1","pages":"20-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88928852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of crisis is multidimensional, it indicates the presence of a difficult problem, that it is going through a period of anomaly and abnormal or they are in a critical phase. This article examines the definition of crisis, in along with its types, its characteristic and its main causes. In addition, this article goes through the several phases of crisis management, which is defined as the process by which a crisis is prevented, reduced or resolved.
{"title":"CRISES ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT","authors":"Nikoletta Nteka","doi":"10.37708/ep.swu.v9i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v9i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of crisis is multidimensional, it indicates the presence of a difficult problem, that it is going through a period of anomaly and abnormal or they are in a critical phase. This article examines the definition of crisis, in along with its types, its characteristic and its main causes. In addition, this article goes through the several phases of crisis management, which is defined as the process by which a crisis is prevented, reduced or resolved.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"2 1","pages":"64-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78767115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the priorities of Europe’s transport policy in 2021 is to focus on the stable development of railway transport by emphasizing the benefits it provides for people, economies and the climate. For this purpose, and in order to achieve the goals of the European Green Deal in the field of transport, the European Commission proposed that 2021 be named “The European Year of Rail”. A series of activities, campaigns and initiatives for encouraging the use of railway transport as a stable and innovative type of land transport for carrying passengers and cargo will be organized throughout this year. The present article surveys Europe’s transport policy as a whole, more specifically – the policy aimed at the stable development of railway transport. It indicates the adopted measures which will help railway carriers overcome the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic faster.
{"title":"THE EU’S POLICY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT “2021 – THE EUROPEAN YEAR OF RAIL”","authors":"S. Tzvetkova","doi":"10.37708/ep.swu.v9i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v9i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"One of the priorities of Europe’s transport policy in 2021 is to focus on the stable development of railway transport by emphasizing the benefits it provides for people, economies and the climate. For this purpose, and in order to achieve the goals of the European Green Deal in the field of transport, the European Commission proposed that 2021 be named “The European Year of Rail”. A series of activities, campaigns and initiatives for encouraging the use of railway transport as a stable and innovative type of land transport for carrying passengers and cargo will be organized throughout this year. The present article surveys Europe’s transport policy as a whole, more specifically – the policy aimed at the stable development of railway transport. It indicates the adopted measures which will help railway carriers overcome the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic faster.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"52 1","pages":"36-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74727427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The crisis of the pandemic of Covid-19 is considered as a direct threat not only to the global economy, but to the global health systems as well, especially to nations with small and weaker health systems, such as Greece’s. The effects were felt by both health professionals and patients. This article analyzes the general impact on Covid-19 on health sector, the financial impact of COVID-19 on health sector, refugees’ health during Covid and the impact of Covid-19 on mental health services.
{"title":"COVID-19 IMPACT ON GREECE’S HEALTH SECTOR","authors":"Nikoletta Nteka","doi":"10.37708/ep.swu.v9i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v9i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The crisis of the pandemic of Covid-19 is considered as a direct threat not only to the global economy, but to the global health systems as well, especially to nations with small and weaker health systems, such as Greece’s. The effects were felt by both health professionals and patients. This article analyzes the general impact on Covid-19 on health sector, the financial impact of COVID-19 on health sector, refugees’ health during Covid and the impact of Covid-19 on mental health services.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"67 1","pages":"45-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79845107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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