Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.1080/17524032.2023.2215959
Ronald S. Friedman, Dylan S. Campbell
ABSTRACT In recent years, fossil fuel companies have released TV advertisements publicizing their efforts to address climate change, efforts that have been branded “greenwashing”. We conducted an experiment testing whether such ads actually cause individuals to develop more favorable attitudes regarding these corporations’ environmental behavior. Our results showed that a single exposure to two 30-second greenwashing ads was indeed sufficient to bolster individuals’ opinions regarding the efforts and progress of fossil fuel corporations in transitioning to renewable energy. In addition, we found that when individuals were presented with data revealing the true extent of these companies’ investments in renewables, this diminished, but did not fully reverse, the effects of the ads on their attitudes. The findings suggest that greenwashing ads may readily sway individuals to adopt more positive attitudes toward fossil fuel companies’ environmental behavior than might be warranted and do so in a manner that may be difficult to counteract.
{"title":"An Experimental Study of the Impact of Greenwashing on Attitudes toward Fossil Fuel Corporations’ Sustainability Initiatives","authors":"Ronald S. Friedman, Dylan S. Campbell","doi":"10.1080/17524032.2023.2215959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2023.2215959","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent years, fossil fuel companies have released TV advertisements publicizing their efforts to address climate change, efforts that have been branded “greenwashing”. We conducted an experiment testing whether such ads actually cause individuals to develop more favorable attitudes regarding these corporations’ environmental behavior. Our results showed that a single exposure to two 30-second greenwashing ads was indeed sufficient to bolster individuals’ opinions regarding the efforts and progress of fossil fuel corporations in transitioning to renewable energy. In addition, we found that when individuals were presented with data revealing the true extent of these companies’ investments in renewables, this diminished, but did not fully reverse, the effects of the ads on their attitudes. The findings suggest that greenwashing ads may readily sway individuals to adopt more positive attitudes toward fossil fuel companies’ environmental behavior than might be warranted and do so in a manner that may be difficult to counteract.","PeriodicalId":54205,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Communication-A Journal of Nature and Culture","volume":"29 1","pages":"486 - 501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76353315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.1080/17524032.2023.2212137
Zozan Baran, Daniela Stoltenberg
ABSTRACT Following Fridays for Future’s transnational mobilization, research into digital environmental and climate activism has rapidly grown. We contribute to the solidification of this emerging field through a mixed-methods systematic literature review. We quantitatively analyze 138 peer-reviewed articles regarding their theories, methodologies, and empirical focus. To identify research trajectories and emerging fields of interest, we add an in-depth qualitative analysis of influential publications. Research interest has grown rapidly and shifted from various areas of environmental grievance towards climate change as the primary focus. The field is driven by theories of framing, connective action, and (in)visibility. It is methodologically diverse, but geographically biased towards the West. Popular approaches include ethnographic case studies and Twitter studies, while other platforms receive limited attention. We diagnose a need for more comparative and relational approaches going beyond individual cases, countries, and platforms.
{"title":"Tracing the Emergent Field of Digital Environmental and Climate Activism Research: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Zozan Baran, Daniela Stoltenberg","doi":"10.1080/17524032.2023.2212137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2023.2212137","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Following Fridays for Future’s transnational mobilization, research into digital environmental and climate activism has rapidly grown. We contribute to the solidification of this emerging field through a mixed-methods systematic literature review. We quantitatively analyze 138 peer-reviewed articles regarding their theories, methodologies, and empirical focus. To identify research trajectories and emerging fields of interest, we add an in-depth qualitative analysis of influential publications. Research interest has grown rapidly and shifted from various areas of environmental grievance towards climate change as the primary focus. The field is driven by theories of framing, connective action, and (in)visibility. It is methodologically diverse, but geographically biased towards the West. Popular approaches include ethnographic case studies and Twitter studies, while other platforms receive limited attention. We diagnose a need for more comparative and relational approaches going beyond individual cases, countries, and platforms.","PeriodicalId":54205,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Communication-A Journal of Nature and Culture","volume":"22 1","pages":"453 - 468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90944282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.1080/17524032.2023.2211746
Kaiping Chen, Ashley Cate, Hannah Cheren
ABSTRACT The recent decade has witnessed a rise in novel agriculture AI technologies in the USA to improve productivity and sustainability in food systems. However, there lacks scholarship that investigates how agricultural producers, one of the most important stakeholders in this technological development, perceive the risks of and their trustworthiness in these emerging technologies. We addressed this knowledge gap by surveying a diverse producer population across the United States (N = 132). We found a positive association between producers’ trustworthiness and their likelihood of adopting certain emerging technologies. Moreover, the more these producers feel a technology is worth the various costs, the higher likelihood they will adopt the technology. These findings provide practical lessons for how to communicate novel food production technologies to this crucial stakeholder and how to implement a user-centered technology design.
{"title":"Communicating Agriculture AI Technologies: How American Agricultural Producers’ Perception of Trustworthiness, Risk Perception, and Emotion Affect Their Likelihood of Adopting Artificial Intelligence in Food Systems","authors":"Kaiping Chen, Ashley Cate, Hannah Cheren","doi":"10.1080/17524032.2023.2211746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2023.2211746","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The recent decade has witnessed a rise in novel agriculture AI technologies in the USA to improve productivity and sustainability in food systems. However, there lacks scholarship that investigates how agricultural producers, one of the most important stakeholders in this technological development, perceive the risks of and their trustworthiness in these emerging technologies. We addressed this knowledge gap by surveying a diverse producer population across the United States (N = 132). We found a positive association between producers’ trustworthiness and their likelihood of adopting certain emerging technologies. Moreover, the more these producers feel a technology is worth the various costs, the higher likelihood they will adopt the technology. These findings provide practical lessons for how to communicate novel food production technologies to this crucial stakeholder and how to implement a user-centered technology design.","PeriodicalId":54205,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Communication-A Journal of Nature and Culture","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87104981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.1080/17524032.2023.2213850
Shuang Chen, Bin Li, Qi Zhou, Hui Liu
{"title":"From Virtual Trees to Real Forests: The Impact of Gamification Affordances on Green Consumption Behaviors in Ant Forest","authors":"Shuang Chen, Bin Li, Qi Zhou, Hui Liu","doi":"10.1080/17524032.2023.2213850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2023.2213850","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54205,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Communication-A Journal of Nature and Culture","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90101729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-09DOI: 10.1080/17524032.2023.2209291
J. Fine
ABSTRACT Despite the rise of climate justice movements worldwide, climate justice concerns are insufficiently addressed in recent U.S. policy, and public understanding is not yet widespread. To explore possible avenues for climate justice communication, this analysis examines U.S. climate activists’ recommended target audiences and communication strategies. Drawing on 67 conversational interviews and 112 online surveys with activists, the analysis discusses strategies for engaging two high-priority audiences: (1) social justice advocates who do not see the climate crisis as a justice issue and (2) climate action advocates who do not view climate justice as integral to climate solutions. The analysis also identifies a low-priority audience category of climate justice deniers, or people who—independent of their views on the climate crisis itself—are apathetic to its social justice implications. These results propose a novel audience segmentation for climate justice communication and consolidate activists’ recommendations for engaging each audience, thus providing a grounding for further experimental work.
{"title":"Climate Justice Communication: Strategies from U.S. Climate Activists","authors":"J. Fine","doi":"10.1080/17524032.2023.2209291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2023.2209291","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite the rise of climate justice movements worldwide, climate justice concerns are insufficiently addressed in recent U.S. policy, and public understanding is not yet widespread. To explore possible avenues for climate justice communication, this analysis examines U.S. climate activists’ recommended target audiences and communication strategies. Drawing on 67 conversational interviews and 112 online surveys with activists, the analysis discusses strategies for engaging two high-priority audiences: (1) social justice advocates who do not see the climate crisis as a justice issue and (2) climate action advocates who do not view climate justice as integral to climate solutions. The analysis also identifies a low-priority audience category of climate justice deniers, or people who—independent of their views on the climate crisis itself—are apathetic to its social justice implications. These results propose a novel audience segmentation for climate justice communication and consolidate activists’ recommendations for engaging each audience, thus providing a grounding for further experimental work.","PeriodicalId":54205,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Communication-A Journal of Nature and Culture","volume":"31 1","pages":"469 - 485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78060012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-03DOI: 10.1080/17524032.2023.2206977
N. Zhang, Da-Jung Li
ABSTRACT This study proposes a moderated serial mediation model to examine the paths and conditions by which authoritative media use and social media use promote public and private pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs). By employing the norm activation theory and through a nationwide survey in China, the study finds that both authoritative media use and social media use can indirectly contribute to both public and private PEBs first by increasing perceived environmental risk, and then by strengthening personal responsibility. In a parallel investigation of the role of traditional culture in influencing people’s behaviour, the study finds that Zhongyong thinking (the golden mean) can affect the effectiveness of authoritative media use and social media use on public and private PEBs. Zhongyong thinking notably enhanced the positive relationship between social media use and both types of PEBs but weakened the relationship between authoritative media use and these PEBs. The study contributes to the environmental engagement literature by confirming that different types of media use have different implications for PEBs, and Zhongyong thinking plays a vital role in the Chinese context.
{"title":"Mind the Gap: How Zhongyong Thinking Affects the Effectiveness of Media Use on Pro-Environmental Behaviours in China","authors":"N. Zhang, Da-Jung Li","doi":"10.1080/17524032.2023.2206977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2023.2206977","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study proposes a moderated serial mediation model to examine the paths and conditions by which authoritative media use and social media use promote public and private pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs). By employing the norm activation theory and through a nationwide survey in China, the study finds that both authoritative media use and social media use can indirectly contribute to both public and private PEBs first by increasing perceived environmental risk, and then by strengthening personal responsibility. In a parallel investigation of the role of traditional culture in influencing people’s behaviour, the study finds that Zhongyong thinking (the golden mean) can affect the effectiveness of authoritative media use and social media use on public and private PEBs. Zhongyong thinking notably enhanced the positive relationship between social media use and both types of PEBs but weakened the relationship between authoritative media use and these PEBs. The study contributes to the environmental engagement literature by confirming that different types of media use have different implications for PEBs, and Zhongyong thinking plays a vital role in the Chinese context.","PeriodicalId":54205,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Communication-A Journal of Nature and Culture","volume":"49 1","pages":"437 - 451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87632847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.1080/17524032.2023.2205038
Yu Guo, Yongkang Hou
The current study employs psychological distance theory and the co-benefit frame to explore message framing strategies on social media to promote public support in climate change mitigation during the COVID-19 pandemic. This online 2 x 2 x 2 experiment recruited 708 Chinese college students to examine the effect of temporal distance (2025 vs. 2050), spatial distance (China vs. the global), and the co-benefit frame (present vs. absent) on behavioral intentions to mitigate climate change and policy support in climate change mitigation. Unexpectedly, the MANOVA results showed that the co-benefit frame of COVID-19 and climate change did not have main or interaction that affect behavioral intention and policy support. However, close temporal distance increases support for climate change mitigation. Meanwhile, temporal and spatial distance have an interaction on behavioral intention. Our results suggest that strategies to reduce psychological distance on social media are effective, especially on temporal distance, but bonding two events through psychological distance to promote support for climate change mitigation must be reconsidered.
{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic as an Opportunity or Challenge: Applying Psychological Distance Theory and the Co-Benefit Frame to Promote Public Support for Climate Change Mitigation on Social Media","authors":"Yu Guo, Yongkang Hou","doi":"10.1080/17524032.2023.2205038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2023.2205038","url":null,"abstract":"The current study employs psychological distance theory and the co-benefit frame to explore message framing strategies on social media to promote public support in climate change mitigation during the COVID-19 pandemic. This online 2 x 2 x 2 experiment recruited 708 Chinese college students to examine the effect of temporal distance (2025 vs. 2050), spatial distance (China vs. the global), and the co-benefit frame (present vs. absent) on behavioral intentions to mitigate climate change and policy support in climate change mitigation. Unexpectedly, the MANOVA results showed that the co-benefit frame of COVID-19 and climate change did not have main or interaction that affect behavioral intention and policy support. However, close temporal distance increases support for climate change mitigation. Meanwhile, temporal and spatial distance have an interaction on behavioral intention. Our results suggest that strategies to reduce psychological distance on social media are effective, especially on temporal distance, but bonding two events through psychological distance to promote support for climate change mitigation must be reconsidered.","PeriodicalId":54205,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Communication-A Journal of Nature and Culture","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73999375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.1080/17524032.2023.2199946
T. Milstein, M. Thomas, Jeff Hoffmann, John Carr
ABSTRACT While contemporary ecocidal cultures are premised on a human/nature binary that treats humans as separate from, superior to, and entitled to mastery over nature, this study explores a range of commonly existing imaginaries that unravel the binary and could enable broad systems change. We introduce a deceptively simple freewrite methodology around the foundational concept “nature” to decipher such unravelings in Western/ized settings. Applying this methodology in the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, we exhibit how freewrites can improvisationally reveal and engage productive tensions (dialectics) that trouble the binary, support reflexive ecologically centered becoming, and, in some cases, provide ways to eschew the binary altogether. The present study operates from the stubbornly optimistic perspective that our species’ capacity to collectively, even quickly embrace ecocentric meaning systems that trigger massive change should be widely acknowledged and actively encouraged.
{"title":"“Even I am a Part of Nature”: Unraveling the Human/Nature Binary to Enable Systems Change","authors":"T. Milstein, M. Thomas, Jeff Hoffmann, John Carr","doi":"10.1080/17524032.2023.2199946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2023.2199946","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While contemporary ecocidal cultures are premised on a human/nature binary that treats humans as separate from, superior to, and entitled to mastery over nature, this study explores a range of commonly existing imaginaries that unravel the binary and could enable broad systems change. We introduce a deceptively simple freewrite methodology around the foundational concept “nature” to decipher such unravelings in Western/ized settings. Applying this methodology in the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, we exhibit how freewrites can improvisationally reveal and engage productive tensions (dialectics) that trouble the binary, support reflexive ecologically centered becoming, and, in some cases, provide ways to eschew the binary altogether. The present study operates from the stubbornly optimistic perspective that our species’ capacity to collectively, even quickly embrace ecocentric meaning systems that trigger massive change should be widely acknowledged and actively encouraged.","PeriodicalId":54205,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Communication-A Journal of Nature and Culture","volume":"70 1","pages":"421 - 436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84595541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17524032.2023.2193025
S. Ho, Norie Ross Singer, J. Yang, Senja Post, Tsung-Jen Shih, Liang Chen, Silje Kristiansen, Bruno Takahashi
The world has faced a series of pandemics in its history, and the COVID-19 pandemic is a monu-mental one, bringing about far-reaching impacts on all aspects of life, including impacts on public health, and on the way people live. The COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced the interdependence between human beings and the environment, evident from the impact that COVID-19 has had on the environment because of the limits it put to human mobility and travel. The world has witnessed how countries experienced positive environmental impacts on their local areas through improvements in air quality, water quality and noise pollution. This was driven particularly by national lockdown(s), where social interactions and movements were limited due to work-from-home arrangements, people were encouraged to stay at home, and non-essential domestic and international travel were being halted. In the
{"title":"Environmental Debates in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Media, Communication, and the Public","authors":"S. Ho, Norie Ross Singer, J. Yang, Senja Post, Tsung-Jen Shih, Liang Chen, Silje Kristiansen, Bruno Takahashi","doi":"10.1080/17524032.2023.2193025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2023.2193025","url":null,"abstract":"The world has faced a series of pandemics in its history, and the COVID-19 pandemic is a monu-mental one, bringing about far-reaching impacts on all aspects of life, including impacts on public health, and on the way people live. The COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced the interdependence between human beings and the environment, evident from the impact that COVID-19 has had on the environment because of the limits it put to human mobility and travel. The world has witnessed how countries experienced positive environmental impacts on their local areas through improvements in air quality, water quality and noise pollution. This was driven particularly by national lockdown(s), where social interactions and movements were limited due to work-from-home arrangements, people were encouraged to stay at home, and non-essential domestic and international travel were being halted. In the","PeriodicalId":54205,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Communication-A Journal of Nature and Culture","volume":"12 1","pages":"209 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84231928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.1080/17524032.2023.2195100
W. Zhang, Jingjing Yi
ABSTRACT The present study collected 10,233 tweets from 193 countries regarding the Australian bushfires from June 1, 2019, to May 13, 2020. Based on the theoretical framework of spectacular environmentalism, distant suffering, and construal level theory, this study explores the spectacle of Australian bushfires in the context of nature 2.0. With the help of the STM, four conclusions are found: the Australian bushfires are a global spectacle co-created by media and audience using five different frames; the spectacle of the Australian bushfires is a metaphor for the end of the world; in the process of creating the Australian bushfires spectacle with media, humans’ relationships with animals, others, and nature have been reconstructed; and Web 2.0 technology does not exceed the limitations of time and space as expected. Social, spatial, and temporal distances still affect the construction of environmental spectacles.
{"title":"Mediated Fire and Distant Suffering: The Global Spectacle of Australian Bushfires in Nature 2.0","authors":"W. Zhang, Jingjing Yi","doi":"10.1080/17524032.2023.2195100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2023.2195100","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 The present study collected 10,233 tweets from 193 countries regarding the Australian bushfires from June 1, 2019, to May 13, 2020. Based on the theoretical framework of spectacular environmentalism, distant suffering, and construal level theory, this study explores the spectacle of Australian bushfires in the context of nature 2.0. With the help of the STM, four conclusions are found: the Australian bushfires are a global spectacle co-created by media and audience using five different frames; the spectacle of the Australian bushfires is a metaphor for the end of the world; in the process of creating the Australian bushfires spectacle with media, humans’ relationships with animals, others, and nature have been reconstructed; and Web 2.0 technology does not exceed the limitations of time and space as expected. Social, spatial, and temporal distances still affect the construction of environmental spectacles.","PeriodicalId":54205,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Communication-A Journal of Nature and Culture","volume":"36 1","pages":"386 - 406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75386645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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