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Recent advances in metal-mediated electrochemical ammonia synthesis towards commercialization 金属介导的电化学氨合成迈向商业化的最新进展
IF 9.3 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2024.100964
Craig Burdis , Suzanne Zamany Andersen , Jesús Barrio , Magda Titirici , Ifan E.L. Stephens , Mattia Saccoccio
Current commercial ammonia production occurs in large, centralized facilities via the Haber–Bosch process, emitting a significant portion of our global CO2 emissions. In a world of increasing decentralized renewable energy production, there is therefore an urgent need to develop sustainable and decentralized technologies for ammonia synthesis, which can abate these emissions and take advantage of the decentralized nature of renewables: the electrochemical N2 reduction field offers a promising alternative. Herein, only electrochemical metal-mediated ammonia synthesis processes have been proven across several laboratories and research groups to work at near-ambient pressure and temperature. This review will provide an overview of recent advances in the last two years laying a foundation for future industrial applications of the metal-mediated ammonia synthesis process.
目前的商业合成氨生产是在大型集中式设施中采用哈伯-博施工艺进行的,排放的二氧化碳占全球排放量的很大一部分。因此,在可再生能源生产日益分散的今天,迫切需要开发可持续和分散的氨合成技术,以减少这些排放,并利用可再生能源的分散性:电化学氮还原领域提供了一个很有前景的替代方案。在这方面,只有电化学金属介导的氨合成工艺已被多个实验室和研究小组证实可在接近常压和常温的条件下工作。本综述将概述过去两年的最新进展,为金属介导氨合成工艺未来的工业应用奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
Levulinic acid biorefinery in a life cycle perspective 从生命周期角度看乙酰丙酸生物精炼厂
IF 9.3 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2024.100963
Alessandra Sessa , Prisco Prete , Daniele Cespi , Nicola Scotti , Tommaso Tabanelli , Claudia Antonetti , Vincenzo Russo , Raffaele Cucciniello

Nowadays there is a strong urge to replace the fossil-based chemicals and fuels with biobased ones. In this context, the 7th principle of the green chemistry, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the recent Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD) approach are the main references. Among the various biorefineries, lignocellulosic biomasses represent the most abundant resource to explore. Considering the vast plethora of useful molecules produced from lignocellulosic biomasses, levulinic acid embodies a potential starting material for the preparation of high value-added chemicals. This review explores the preparation of levulinic acid form lignocellulosic biomasses and its further valorization to high-value added compounds (γ-valerolactone, ketals and methyl/ethyl levulinate), considering the current state of the art of the available synthetic strategies, in a life cycle perspective considering the adoption of the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology.

如今,人们强烈要求用生物基化学品和燃料取代化石基化学品和燃料。在此背景下,绿色化学的第七项原则、可持续发展目标(SDGs)以及最近提出的安全和可持续设计(SSbD)方法都是主要的参考依据。在各种生物精炼厂中,木质纤维素生物质是最值得开发的丰富资源。考虑到从木质纤维素生物质中生产出大量有用的分子,左旋木质素酸是制备高附加值化学品的潜在起始原料。本综述从生命周期的角度,采用生命周期评估(LCA)方法,探讨了从木质纤维素生物质中制备乙酰丙酸,并进一步将其转化为高附加值化合物(γ-戊内酯、酮类和乙酰丙酸甲酯/乙酯)的过程,同时考虑了现有合成策略的技术现状。
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引用次数: 0
Biobased aromatic building blocks for coating applications 用于涂料应用的生物基芳香族砌块
IF 9.3 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2024.100962
Tobias Robert , Steven Eschig , Marco Sangermano , Martin Ocepek

Aromatic monomers are key building blocks for many polymer resins for coatings applications. The rigid structure results in improved thermal and mechanical properties of the coatings, such as high hardness or scratch-resistance to name but a few. However, most of the available aromatic building blocks are very inexpensive monomers obtained from petrochemical resources. To enhance the sustainability of coatings materials, bio-based alternatives are of high interest for both industry and academia. This short review aims to highlight very recent work on biobased aromatics for coatings applications.

芳香族单体是许多涂料用聚合物树脂的关键组成部分。其刚性结构可改善涂料的热性能和机械性能,例如高硬度或抗划伤性等。然而,大多数现有的芳香族结构单元都是从石油化工资源中提取的非常廉价的单体。为了提高涂料材料的可持续性,生物基替代品受到了工业界和学术界的高度关注。这篇简短的综述旨在重点介绍最近在涂料应用生物基芳烃方面所做的工作。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainable synthesis of nitrogen-rich aromatics from chitin: Opportunities and challenges 从甲壳素中可持续合成富氮芳烃:机遇与挑战
IF 9.3 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2024.100961
Nicholas Bossons, Rafael F.A. Gomes

The landscape of chemical production has undergone a paradigm shift towards sustainability, emphasizing catalytic procedures, renewable raw materials, and green chemistry principles. Chitin, the second most abundant global biomass, offers opportunities for synthesizing nitrogen-rich aromatics, crucial for reducing the reliance on energy-intensive nitrogen sources like ammonia. This review outlines the most recent advances in methodologies for preparing nitrogen-rich furans, focusing on 3-acetamido-5-acetylfuran (3A5AF), dihydroxyethyl acetamidofuran (diHAF), 3-acetamido-5-formylfuran (3A5FF), and 3-acetamidofuran (3AF) from N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) dehydration. In addition, the review encompasses other aromatic commodities currently obtained from chitin, either by derivatization of the aforementioned furans, by deacetylation-dimerization, or other strategies. Although challenges in scaling up, product stability, and low yields persist, these furans hold promise as sustainable synthons, driving innovations in chemical synthesis.

化学生产的格局已发生了范式转变,转向可持续发展,强调催化程序、可再生原料和绿色化学原理。甲壳素是全球第二丰富的生物质,为合成富氮芳烃提供了机会,这对于减少对氨等能源密集型氮源的依赖至关重要。本综述概述了制备富氮呋喃方法的最新进展,重点介绍了从 N-乙酰葡糖胺(NAG)脱水制备 3-乙酰氨基-5-乙酰基呋喃(3A5AF)、二羟乙基乙酰氨基呋喃(diHAF)、3-乙酰氨基-5-甲酰基呋喃(3A5FF)和 3-乙酰氨基呋喃(3AF)。此外,本综述还包括目前通过上述呋喃的衍生化、脱乙酰基二聚化或其他策略从甲壳素中获得的其他芳香族商品。尽管这些呋喃在规模扩大、产品稳定性和低产率方面仍存在挑战,但它们有望成为可持续的合成物,推动化学合成的创新。
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引用次数: 0
Current understanding on the fate of contaminants during hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge 目前对污水污泥水热处理过程中污染物归宿的认识
IF 9.3 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2024.100960
Kamrun Nahar , Adhithiya Venkatachalapati Thulasiraman , Arun Krishna Vuppaladadiyam , Ibrahim Gbolahan Hakeem , Kalpit Shah

Sewage sludges (SS) are by-products of the wastewater treatment process and are considered critical source of contaminants as they contain a diverse range of microbial, organic, and inorganic pollutants that are concerning to public health and the environment. Hydrothermal processes are particularly suitable for treating SS; however, their viability for the effective degradation and potential destruction of persistent contaminants, such as heavy metals, microbial pathogens, microplastics, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products, among others in SS is still under rapid investigations. This article reviews the source, transformation, and fate of prominent contaminants in SS during hydrothermal treatment (HT). Most contaminants in SS are to a certain extent degraded or transformed into other products under typical HT at subcritical conditions. Transformation pathways can be complex due to the diverse physicochemical and biochemical properties, including thermal stability and hydrophobicity. Critical findings were summarised with conclusions and perspectives for future works provided.

污水淤泥(SS)是废水处理过程中产生的副产品,被认为是重要的污染物来源,因为它们含有多种多样的微生物、有机和无机污染物,对公众健康和环境都有影响。水热法尤其适用于处理 SS,但其有效降解和潜在破坏 SS 中重金属、微生物病原体、微塑料、全氟和多氟烷基物质、药品和个人护理产品等持久性污染物的可行性仍在快速研究中。本文综述了水热处理(HT)过程中 SS 中主要污染物的来源、转化和归宿。在典型的亚临界状态下进行水热处理时,固态金属中的大多数污染物都会在一定程度上降解或转化为其他产物。由于物理化学和生物化学特性(包括热稳定性和疏水性)的不同,转化途径可能非常复杂。对重要发现进行了总结,并提出了结论和对未来工作的展望。
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引用次数: 0
Current outlook on sustainable feedstocks and processes for sustainable aviation fuel production 可持续航空燃料生产的可持续原料和工艺的当前展望
IF 9.3 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2024.100959
Imtisal Zahid , Muhammad Hamza Nazir , Ken Chiang , Farid Christo , Mariam Ameen

Challenges related to economic viability and production processes to sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) have significantly hindered its widespread commercial adaptations. This mini review provides the current opinion on various feedstocks and conversion processes for low-cost SAF production. The primary emphasis lies on exploring alternatives to traditional feed crops with a shift toward utilizing lignocellulosic biomass, waste feedstocks, oil-seed crops, and microalgal oil. The Fischer–Tropsch process, hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids, and nonthermal plasma method, where lignocellulosic biomass, oil-based crops, microalgal oil, and waste oils are widely used are cost effective, have high potential to produce SAF. However, technical immaturity and high cost compel detailed investigation on the optimization process using various alternative feedstock. This mini review insights the critical factors effecting reaction efficiencies, including feedstock characteristics, reaction parameters, catalyst reusability, and supports that need systematic investigation. Conclusively, this outlook delves into the challenges, solutions, and opportunities associated to cost-effective SAF production.

可持续航空燃料(SAF)在经济可行性和生产工艺方面所面临的挑战极大地阻碍了其广泛的商业应用。这篇小型综述介绍了当前对低成本生产 SAF 的各种原料和转化工艺的看法。主要重点在于探索传统饲料作物的替代品,转向利用木质纤维素生物质、废弃原料、油籽作物和微藻油。广泛使用木质纤维素生物质、油料作物、微藻油和废油的费托合成工艺、加氢处理酯和脂肪酸以及非热等离子体法成本效益高,具有生产 SAF 的巨大潜力。然而,技术的不成熟和高成本迫使人们对使用各种替代原料的优化工艺进行详细研究。这篇小型综述深入探讨了影响反应效率的关键因素,包括原料特性、反应参数、催化剂可重复使用性以及需要系统研究的支持因素。最后,本展望深入探讨了与具有成本效益的 SAF 生产相关的挑战、解决方案和机遇。
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引用次数: 0
Rational designing and prospecting iron-based compounds as efficient host materials for lithium–sulfur batteries 合理设计和探索铁基化合物作为锂硫电池的高效宿主材料
IF 9.3 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2024.100958
Dongjiu Xie , Qingping Wu , Meltem Karaismailoglu Elibol , Lihong Jiang , Yan Lu

Known for its high theoretical capacity and low cost, the commercialization of Li–S batteries is hindered by the notorious shuttle behavior of the intermediate lithium polysulfides in liquid electrolyte and the sluggish kinetics of the liquid-to-solid reaction. Recently, to improve the electrochemical performance, iron-based compounds with well-designed nanostructures have been developed and applied as host material for sulfur because they have strong chemisorption of polar polysulfide molecules and could reduce the nucleation energy of solid Li2S. Here, we have reviewed the latest research progresses (in the last three years) of various iron-based compounds as sulfur host materials and prospected the designing principles of efficient host materials with multiple functionalities to address the issues in sulfur cathode.

锂-硫电池以其理论容量高、成本低而闻名,但由于中间体多硫化锂在液态电解质中的穿梭行为以及液-固反应的缓慢动力学而阻碍了其商业化。最近,为了改善电化学性能,人们开发并应用了具有精心设计的纳米结构的铁基化合物作为硫的宿主材料,因为它们对极性多硫化物分子具有很强的化学吸附性,可以降低固态 Li2S 的成核能。在此,我们回顾了各种铁基化合物作为硫宿主材料的最新研究进展(近三年),并探讨了具有多种功能的高效宿主材料的设计原理,以解决硫阴极中的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Lab-scale insights into green metal–organic framework sorbents for gas separation or purification 在实验室规模上深入研究用于气体分离或净化的绿色金属有机框架吸附剂
IF 9.3 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2024.100948
Ayalew H. Assen , Karim Adil , Youssef Belmabkhout

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been proposed to provide solutions for industrially-relevant gas separations due to their exciting structural and porosity attributes. Significant progress has been made in the past decade in the development of tailor-made MOFs for gas separation applications. However, most of the developed MOF sorbents, made from different metal salt and organic linker precursors, cannot be prepared following green chemistry principles. Accordingly, recent research has focused on green synthesis protocols for preparing MOFs for energy and environment applications. This short review delves into the lab-scale development of green MOF sorbents, showcasing their performance in selected gas separation applications. By summarizing key recently reported examples, we illustrate the potential of green MOFs to advance the transition to large/industrial scale synthesis and sustainable gas separation technologies. Our analysis also reveals a critical gap, i.e., the lack of quantitative data showing environmental impact and comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies.

金属有机框架(MOFs)因其令人兴奋的结构和孔隙属性,已被提议为工业相关气体分离提供解决方案。过去十年间,在开发用于气体分离应用的定制 MOFs 方面取得了重大进展。然而,大多数已开发的 MOF 吸附剂都是由不同的金属盐和有机连接体前体制成的,无法按照绿色化学原理进行制备。因此,近期研究的重点是制备用于能源和环境应用的 MOFs 的绿色合成方案。本简短综述将深入探讨绿色 MOF 吸附剂的实验室规模开发,展示其在特定气体分离应用中的性能。通过总结近期报道的主要实例,我们说明了绿色 MOFs 在推动向大规模/工业化合成和可持续气体分离技术过渡方面的潜力。我们的分析还揭示了一个关键差距,即缺乏显示环境影响的定量数据和全面的生命周期评估 (LCA) 研究。
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引用次数: 0
Future directions in flow biocatalysis: The impact of new technology on sustainability 流动生物催化的未来方向:新技术对可持续性的影响
IF 9.3 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2024.100954
Rebecca E. Ruscoe, Sebastian C. Cosgrove

Flow chemistry is now a key technology for synthetic chemistry, with the different operating windows available allowing new chemistry to be optimised and discovered. The related area of flow biocatalysis is also becoming increasingly recognised as an integral aspect of bioprocess optimisation, with modularisation and technology integration some of the key drivers for this. This minireview will discuss some recent examples where flow has substantially improved the sustainability of a bioprocess. We also reflect on the increase in analytics, how it is starting to impact bioprocess optimisation, and what the implications of this will be moving forward.

流动化学现在是合成化学的一项关键技术,不同的操作窗口可以优化和发现新的化学。相关的流动生物催化领域也越来越被认为是生物工艺优化的一个组成部分,而模块化和技术集成则是其中的主要驱动力。本期小视图将讨论最近的一些实例,这些实例表明流动大大改善了生物工艺的可持续性。我们还将探讨分析技术的发展、分析技术如何开始影响生物工艺优化以及分析技术对未来的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Advanced approaches towards policymaking for net zero emissions 净零排放决策的先进方法
IF 9.3 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2024.100951
Farooq Sher

This study highlights the extensive use of and full reliance on nonrenewable sources like fossil base fuels results in availability shortage, increased economy, depletion in the carbon sink, CO2 emission high, environmental pollution, drastic change in climate and mismanagement of waste. To overcome this problem, renewable resources together with nuclear advanced approaches resulted in fewer carbon sources and are used to decarbonize GHG/CO2 emissions, carbon storage technology and lower carbon pricing to achieve net-zero carbon sustainability in the environment. The proposed policies and their implementation occurrence at national and international levels also resulted in carbon-free production and enhanced consistency. On implementation of environmentally friendly policies, the problem could be solved by global contribution of government, stakeholders, public sectors, engagement policy coherence and integration towards making and implementing policies via advanced approaches for achieving net-zero carbon emissions.

这项研究强调了对化石基础燃料等不可再生资源的广泛使用和完全依赖导致了供应短缺、经济增长、碳汇枯竭、二氧化碳排放量高、环境污染、气候变化剧烈以及废物管理不善。为解决这一问题,可再生资源与先进的核能方法相结合,减少了碳源,并用于温室气体/二氧化碳的脱碳排放、碳储存技术和降低碳定价,以实现环境的净零碳可持续性。拟议的政策及其在国家和国际层面的实施也带来了无碳生产和一致性的提高。在实施环境友好型政策方面,可以通过政府、利益相关方、公共部门的全球贡献、参与政策的一致性和一体化来解决这一问题,从而通过先进的方法制定和实施政策,实现净零碳排放。
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引用次数: 0
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Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry
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