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Elevated Extracellular Free Water in the Brain Predicts Clinical Improvement in First-Episode Psychosis 大脑细胞外游离水的升高可预测首发精神病的临床改善。
IF 5.7 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.09.014
Tyler A. Lesh , Daniel Bergé , Jason Smucny , Joyce Guo , Cameron S. Carter

Background

Despite the diverse nature of clinical trajectories after a first episode of psychosis, few baseline characteristics have been predictive of clinical improvement, and the neurobiological underpinnings of this heterogeneity remain largely unknown. Elevated extracellular free water (FW) in the brain is a diffusion imaging measure that has been consistently reported in different phases of psychosis that may indicate a neuroinflammatory state. However, its predictive capacity in terms of clinical outcomes is unknown.

Methods

We used diffusion imaging to determine FW and tissue-specific fractional anisotropy (FA-t) in first-episode psychosis. Forty-seven participants were categorized as clinical improvers (n = 26) if they achieved a 20% decrease in total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale score at 12 months. To determine the predictive capacity of FW and FA-t, these measures were introduced in a stepwise logistic regression model to predict clinical improvement. For measures that survived the model, regional between-group differences were also investigated in cortical surface or white matter tracts, as applicable.

Results

Both higher gray matter FW (odds ratio 1.698; 95% CI, 1.134–2.542) and FA-t (odds ratio, 1.358; 95% CI, 0.905–2.038) predicted improver status. FW in gray matter was also linearly correlated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale total score at the 12-month follow-up. When we examined regional specificity, we found that improvers showed greater FW predominantly in temporal regions and higher FA-t values in several white matter tracts, including the bilateral longitudinal superior fasciculus.

Conclusions

Our results show that elevated FW in gray matter and FA-t predict further clinical improvement during the initial phases of psychosis. The potential roles of brain inflammatory processes in predicting clinical improvement are discussed.
背景:尽管精神病首次发作后的临床轨迹多种多样,但很少有基线特征能预测临床症状的改善,而且这种异质性的神经生物学基础在很大程度上仍不为人所知。大脑中细胞外自由水(FW)的升高是一种弥散成像测量指标,在精神病的不同阶段均有报道,可能预示着神经炎症状态。然而,它对临床结果的预测能力尚不清楚:我们使用弥散成像技术测定了首发精神病患者的FW和组织特异性分数各向异性(FA-t)。如果47名参与者在12个月时简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)总分下降了20%,则被归类为临床 "改善者"(26人)。为了确定 FW 和 FA-t 的预测能力,在逐步逻辑回归模型中引入了这些指标来预测临床改善情况。对于那些在模型中存活的指标,还根据情况调查了皮质表面或白质束的区域组间差异:较高的灰质(GM)FW(OR-CI:1.134 - 2.543)和FA-t(OR-CI:0.905 - 2.038)均可预测病情改善情况。在 12 个月的随访中,GM 的 FW 与 BPRS 总分也呈线性相关。从区域特异性来看,改善者主要在颞区显示出更高的FW,而在包括双侧纵上筋束在内的多个白质束中显示出更高的FA-t值:我们的研究结果表明,在精神病的初始阶段,GM 和 FA-t 的 FW 值升高可预测临床症状的进一步改善。我们还讨论了脑部炎症过程在预测临床改善方面的潜在作用。
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引用次数: 0
Social Effort Discounting Reveals Domain-General and Social-Specific Motivation Components 社会努力折扣揭示了领域一般和社会特定的动机成分。
IF 5.7 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.07.020
Chloe M. Savage , Greer E. Prettyman , Adrianna C. Jenkins , Joseph W. Kable , Paige R. Didier , Luis Fernando Viegas de Moraes Leme , Daniel H. Wolf

Background

Social motivation is crucial for healthy interpersonal connections and is impaired in a subset of the general population and across many psychiatric disorders. However, compared with nonsocial (e.g., monetary) motivation, social motivation has been understudied in quantitative behavioral work, especially regarding willingness to exert social effort. We developed a novel social effort discounting task, paired with a monetary task to examine motivational specificity. We expected that social task performance would relate to general motivation and also show selective relationships with self-reported avoidance tendencies and with sociality.

Methods

An analyzed sample of 397 participants performed the social and nonsocial effort discounting task online, along with self-report measures of various aspects of motivation and psychiatric symptomatology.

Results

Social and nonsocial task motivation correlated strongly (ρ = 0.71, p < .001). Both social and nonsocial task motivation related similarly to self-reported general motivation (social, β = 0.16; nonsocial, β = 0.13) and to self-reported approach motivation (social, β = 0.14; nonsocial, β = 0.11), with this common effect captured by a significant main effect across social and nonsocial conditions. Significant condition interaction effects supported a selective relationship of social task motivation with self-reported sociality and also with avoidance motivation.

Conclusions

Our novel social effort discounting task revealed both domain-general and social-specific components of motivation. In combination with other measures, this approach can facilitate further investigation of common and dissociable neurobehavioral mechanisms to better characterize normative and pathological variation and develop personalized interventions targeting specific contributors to social impairment.
背景:社交动机对于健康的人际关系至关重要,在一部分普通人群和许多精神疾病中,社交动机都会受到影响。然而,与非社交(如金钱)动机相比,社交动机在定量行为学研究中一直未得到充分研究,尤其是在付出社交努力的意愿方面。我们开发了一个新颖的社交努力折扣任务,并将其与货币任务相结合,以研究动机的特异性。我们预计社交任务的表现与一般动机有关,同时也会显示出与自我报告的回避倾向和社交性的选择性关系:方法:对 397 名参与者进行了分析,他们在线完成了社交和非社交努力折扣任务,并对动机和精神症状的各个方面进行了自我报告测量:结果:社交和非社交任务动机密切相关(rho=0.71 p):我们新颖的社交努力折扣任务揭示了动机的领域一般和社会特定成分。结合其他测量方法,这种方法有助于进一步研究共同的和可分离的神经行为机制,从而更好地描述正常和病理变异,并针对造成社交障碍的特定因素制定个性化干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
Guide for Authors
IF 5.7 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2451-9022(24)00365-3
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引用次数: 0
A Neural Signature for Reappraisal as an Emotion Regulation Strategy: Relationship to Stress-Related Suicidal Ideation and Negative Affect in Major Depression 重新评价作为情绪调节策略的神经特征:重度抑郁症患者与压力相关的自杀意念和负性情绪的关系。
IF 5.7 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.011
Sarah Herzog , Noam Schneck , Hanga Galfalvy , Tse Hwei-Choo , Mike Schmidt , Christina A. Michel , M. Elizabeth Sublette , Ainsley Burke , Kevin Ochsner , J. John Mann , Maria A. Oquendo , Barbara H. Stanley

Background

Impaired emotion regulation (ER) contributes to major depression and suicidal ideation and behavior. ER is typically studied by explicitly directing participants to regulate, but this may not capture spontaneous tendencies of individuals with depression to engage ER in daily life.

Methods

In 82 participants with major depressive disorder, we examined the relationship of spontaneous engagement of ER to real-world responses to stress. We used a machine learning–derived neural signature reflecting neural systems that underlie cognitive reappraisal (an ER strategy) to identify reappraisal-related activity while participants recalled negative autobiographical memories under the following conditions: 1) unstructured recall; 2) distanced recall, a form of reappraisal; and 3) immersed recall (comparison condition). Participants also completed a week of ecological momentary assessment measuring daily stressors, suicidal ideation, and negative affect.

Results

Higher reappraisal signature output for the unstructured period, a proxy for the spontaneous tendency to engage ER, was associated with greater increases in suicidal ideation following stressors (b = 0.083, p = .041). Higher signature output for distanced recall, a proxy for the capacity to engage ER when directed, was associated with lower negative affect following stressors (b = −0.085, p = .029). Output for the immerse period was not associated with ecological momentary assessment outcomes.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that in major depressive disorder, the spontaneous tendency to react to negative memories with attempts to reappraise may indicate greater reactivity to negative cues, while intact capacity to use reappraisal when directed may be associated with more adaptive responses to stress. These data have implications for understanding stress-related increases in suicide risk in depression.
背景:情绪调节(ER)功能受损是导致重度抑郁症、自杀意念(SI)和行为的原因之一。情绪调节通常是通过明确引导参与者进行调节来进行研究的,但这可能无法捕捉到抑郁症患者在日常生活中自发进行情绪调节的倾向:方法:在82名重度抑郁障碍(MDD)患者中,我们研究了自发参与ER与真实世界压力反应之间的关系。我们使用了一种机器学习衍生的神经特征,该特征反映了认知再评价(一种ER策略)的基础神经系统,以识别参与者在以下条件下回忆负面自传记忆时与再评价相关的活动:1) 非结构化回忆;2) 距离回忆(一种再评价形式);3) 沉浸回忆(对比条件)。参与者还完成了为期一周的生态瞬间评估(EMA),测量日常压力、自杀意念(SI)和负面情绪:非结构化时期较高的再评价特征输出(代表自发参与ER的倾向)与压力后SI的增加有关(b=0.083,p=0.041)。较高的远距离回忆签名输出(代表在受指导时参与应急反应的能力)与压力事件后较低的负面情绪有关(b=-0.085,p=0.029)。沉浸期的输出与EMA结果无关:研究结果表明,在 MDD 患者中,试图重新评价负面记忆的自发反应倾向可能表明他们对负面线索的反应性更强;而在受到指导时使用重新评价的完整能力可能与对压力的适应性反应更强有关。这些数据对于理解抑郁症患者因压力而增加的自杀风险具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
History of Peripartum Depression Moderates the Association Between Estradiol Polygenic Risk Scores and Basal Ganglia Volumes in Major Depressive Disorder 围产期抑郁症病史可调节重度抑郁症患者雌二醇多基因风险评分与基底神经节体积之间的关系
IF 5.7 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.09.011
Yasmin A. Harrington , Marco Paolini , Lidia Fortaner-Uyà , Melania Maccario , Elisa M.T. Melloni , Sara Poletti , Cristina Lorenzi , Raffaella Zanardi , Cristina Colombo , Francesco Benedetti

Background

The neurobiological differences between women who have experienced a peripartum episode and those who have only had episodes outside of this period are not well understood.

Methods

Sixty-four parous female patients with major depressive disorder who had either a positive (n = 30) or negative (n = 34) history of peripartum depression (PPD) underwent magnetic resonance imaging acquisition to obtain structural brain images. An independent 2-sample t test comparing patients with and without a history of PPD was performed using voxel-based morphometry analysis. Additionally, polygenic risk scores for estradiol were calculated, and a moderation analysis was conducted between 3 estradiol polygenic risk scores and PPD history status on extracted cluster volumes using IBM SPSS PROCESS macro.

Results

The voxel-based morphometry analysis identified larger gray matter volumes in bilateral clusters encompassing the putamen, pallidum, caudate, and thalamus in patients with a PPD history than in patients without a history. The moderation analysis identified a significant interaction effect between 2 estradiol polygenic risk scores and PPD history on gray matter cluster volumes, with a positive effect in women with PPD and a negative effect in women with no history of PPD.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that women who have experienced a peripartum episode are neurobiologically distinct from women who have no history of PPD in a cluster within the basal ganglia, an area important for motivation, decision making, and emotional processing. Furthermore, we show that the genetic load for estradiol has a differing effect in this area based on PPD status, which supports the claim that PPD is associated with sensitivity to sex steroid hormones.
背景:方法:64 名患有重度抑郁症的奇偶女性患者接受了核磁共振成像采集,以获得大脑结构图像,这些患者或有围产期抑郁症(PPD)阳性病史(30 人),或无此病史(34 人)。利用体素形态计量分析(VBM)对有和无 PPD 病史的患者进行了独立的双样本 t 检验。此外,还计算了雌二醇的多基因风险评分(PRS),并使用 IBM SPSS PROCESS 宏对提取的聚类体积进行了 3 个雌二醇 PRS 与 PPD 病史状态之间的调节分析:VBM分析发现,与无PPD病史的患者相比,有PPD病史的患者双侧丘脑、苍白球、尾状核和丘脑的灰质体积更大。调节分析发现,2种雌二醇PRS和PPD病史对灰质簇体积有显著的交互作用,对有PPD病史的女性有正效应,而对无PPD病史的女性则有负效应:我们的研究结果表明,经历过围产期的妇女与无围产期病史的妇女在基底神经节内的神经生物学上存在差异,而基底神经节是动机、决策和情绪处理的重要区域。此外,我们还发现,雌二醇的遗传负荷对这一区域的影响因 PPD 状态而异,这支持了 PPD 与性类固醇激素敏感性有关的说法。
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引用次数: 0
Neural Signature of Reappraisal: Tendency Versus Capacity 重评的神经特征:倾向与能力。
IF 5.7 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.016
Agnieszka Zuberer
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引用次数: 0
Spatiotemporal Eye Movement Dynamics Reveal Altered Face Prioritization in Early Visual Processing Among Autistic Children 时空眼动动力学揭示了自闭症儿童早期视觉处理中面部优先性的改变。
IF 5.7 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.017
Jason W. Griffin , Adam Naples , Raphael Bernier , Katarzyna Chawarska , Geraldine Dawson , James Dziura , Susan Faja , Shafali Jeste , Natalia Kleinhans , Catherine Sugar , Sara Jane Webb , Frederick Shic , James C. McPartland , Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials

Background

Reduced social attention—looking at faces—is one of the most common manifestations of social difficulty in autism that is central to social development. Although reduced social attention is well characterized in autism, qualitative differences in how social attention unfolds across time remains unknown.

Methods

We used a computational modeling (i.e., hidden Markov modeling) approach to assess and compare the spatiotemporal dynamics of social attention in a large, well-characterized sample of children with autism (n = 280) and neurotypical children (n = 119) (ages 6–11) who completed 3 social eye-tracking assays at 3 longitudinal time points (baseline, 6 weeks, 24 weeks).

Results

Our analysis supported the existence of 2 common eye movement patterns that emerged across 3 eye-tracking assays. A focused pattern was characterized by small face regions of interest, which had high a probability of capturing fixations early in visual processing. In contrast, an exploratory pattern was characterized by larger face regions of interest, with a lower initial probability of fixation and more nonsocial regions of interest. In the context of social perception, children with autism showed significantly more exploratory eye movement patterns than neurotypical children across all social perception assays and all 3 longitudinal time points. Eye movement patterns were associated with clinical features of autism, including adaptive function, face recognition, and autism symptom severity.

Conclusions

Decreased likelihood of precisely looking at faces early in social visual processing may be an important feature of autism that is associated with autism-related symptomology and may reflect less visual sensitivity to face information.
背景:自闭症患者最常见的社交障碍表现之一就是社交注意力(看脸)减退。虽然自闭症患者的社交注意力减退已被充分描述,但社交注意力在不同时期的定性差异仍是未知数:我们使用计算建模(即隐马尔可夫建模)方法评估并比较了自闭症儿童(n = 280)和神经典型儿童(n = 120)(6-11 岁)社交注意力的时空动态:我们的分析结果表明,在三种 ET 测验中存在两种常见的眼动模式。聚焦模式的特点是感兴趣的面部区域较小,在视觉处理的早期捕捉到定点的概率较高。与此相反,探索型模式的特点是感兴趣的面部区域较大,最初定格的概率较低,而且非社会感兴趣的区域较多。在社交感知方面,自闭症儿童在所有社交感知测试和所有三个纵向时间点上都表现出明显多于神经畸形儿童的探索性眼动模式。眼动模式与自闭症的临床特征有关,包括适应功能、人脸识别和自闭症症状严重程度:结论:自闭症儿童在社交视觉处理早期精确注视人脸的可能性降低,这可能是自闭症的一个重要特征,与自闭症相关症状有关,并可能反映出他们对人脸信息的视觉敏感度较低。
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引用次数: 0
Subscribers' Page
IF 5.7 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2451-9022(24)00362-8
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引用次数: 0
Leveraging Distributed Brain Signal at Rest to Predict Internalizing Symptoms in Youth: Deriving a Polyneuro Risk Score From the ABCD Study Cohort 利用静息状态下的分布式大脑信号预测青少年的内化症状。
IF 5.7 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.07.026
Dakota Kliamovich , Oscar Miranda-Dominguez , Nora Byington , Abigail V. Espinoza , Arturo Lopez Flores , Damien A. Fair , Bonnie J. Nagel

Background

The prevalence of internalizing psychopathology rises precipitously from early to mid-adolescence, yet the underlying neural phenotypes that give rise to depression and anxiety during this developmental period remain unclear.

Methods

Youths from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (ages 9–10 years at baseline) with a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan and mental health data were eligible for inclusion. Internalizing subscale scores from the Brief Problem Monitor-Youth Form were combined across 2 years of follow-up to generate a cumulative measure of internalizing symptoms. The total sample (N = 6521) was split into a large discovery dataset and a smaller validation dataset. Brain-behavior associations of resting-state functional connectivity with internalizing symptoms were estimated in the discovery dataset. The weighted contributions of each functional connection were aggregated using multivariate statistics to generate a polyneuro risk score (PNRS). The predictive power of the PNRS was evaluated in the validation dataset.

Results

The PNRS explained 10.73% of the observed variance in internalizing symptom scores in the validation dataset. Model performance peaked when the top 2% functional connections identified in the discovery dataset (ranked by absolute β weight) were retained. The resting-state functional connectivity networks that were implicated most prominently were the default mode, dorsal attention, and cingulo-parietal networks. These findings were significant (p < 1 × 10−6) as accounted for by permutation testing (n = 7000).

Conclusions

These results suggest that the neural phenotype associated with internalizing symptoms during adolescence is functionally distributed. The PNRS approach is a novel method for capturing relationships between resting-state functional connectivity and behavior.
背景:从青春期早期到中期,内化性精神病理学的发病率急剧上升,但在这一发育阶段导致抑郁和焦虑的潜在神经表型仍不清楚:方法:青少年大脑和认知发展研究(Adolescent Brain and Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study)中的青少年(基线年龄为 9-10 岁)均符合纳入条件,他们均有静息态 fMRI 扫描和心理健康数据。在两年的随访过程中,将 "简明问题监测--青少年表 "中的内化子量表得分进行合并,得出内化症状的累积测量值。总样本(n = 6521)被分成一个大的发现数据集和一个较小的验证数据集。发现数据集估算了静息态功能连接(RSFC)与内化症状的大脑行为关联。每个功能连接的加权贡献通过多变量统计进行汇总,生成多神经风险评分(PNRS)。在验证数据集中评估了多神经风险评分的预测能力:PNRS解释了验证数据集中观察到的内化症状评分变异的10.73%。当保留发现数据集中确定的前 2% 的功能连接(按绝对 β 权重排序)时,模型性能达到峰值。最突出的 RSFC 网络是默认模式网络、背侧注意网络和顶叶鞘网络。这些发现在排列组合测试(n = 7000)中具有显著性(p < 1*10-6):这些结果表明,与青春期内化症状相关的神经表型具有功能分布性。PNRS方法是一种捕捉RSFC与行为之间关系的新方法。
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引用次数: 0
The Reward Positivity Mediates the Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Anhedonia in Young Adults With Drug-Naïve Major Depressive Disorder 奖赏积极性在患有药物治疗无效重度抑郁症的年轻成人的童年不良经历和失乐症之间起着中介作用。
IF 5.7 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.014
Ciqing Bao , Qiaoyang Zhang , Haowen Zou , Chen He , Rui Yan , Lingling Hua , Qing Lu , Zhijian Yao

Background

Current clinical studies have indicated that major depressive disorder (MDD) concurrent with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is associated with greater anhedonia. However, little is known about whether the change in reward sensitivity among young individuals with MDD and ACEs is related to anhedonia.

Methods

We evaluated anhedonia and ACEs in 86 patients with MDD (31 with no or 1 ACE and 55 with 2 or more ACEs) and 44 healthy control participants. Then, participants completed the Iowa Gambling Task during electroencephalography to measure the reward positivity (RewP) and its difference (ΔRewP; gains minus losses). Furthermore, we constructed a mediation model to assess whether aberrant ΔRewP mediated the relationship between ACEs and anhedonia.

Results

Compared with healthy control participants and MDD patients with no or 1 ACE, MDD patients with 2 or more ACEs had the most severe symptoms of anhedonia and impaired decision making and showed significantly reduced reward sensitivity (most blunted ΔRewP). More importantly, ΔRewP mediated the relationship between ACEs and anhedonia in MDD.

Conclusions

We found that the ΔRewP partially mediated the association between ACEs and anhedonia in patients with MDD, which provides evidence for the neurobiological basis of abnormal changes in the reward system in MDD individuals with early adverse experiences.
背景:目前的临床研究表明,具有不良童年经历(ACEs)的重度抑郁障碍(MDD)与更严重的失乐症有关。然而,人们对患有ACE的年轻MDD患者奖赏敏感性的变化是否与失乐症有关知之甚少:方法:我们对每位患者的失乐症和ACE进行了评估。然后,我们在脑电图中执行了爱荷华赌博任务,测量了86名MDD患者(31名无ACE或仅有1名ACE,55名有2名或2名以上ACE)和44名健康对照组(HCs)的奖赏积极性(RewP)及其差异(ΔRewP)。此外,我们还构建了一个中介模型,以评估异常ΔRewP是否能中介ACE与失神之间的关系:结果:与健康对照组和没有或只有一种ACE的MDD患者相比,有两种或两种以上ACE的MDD患者的失神症状最严重,决策能力受损,奖赏敏感性显著降低(ΔRewP最迟钝)。更重要的是,ΔRewP介导了ACE与MDD患者失乐症之间的关系:结论:我们发现ΔRewP在一定程度上介导了ACE与MDD患者失乐症之间的关系,这为具有早期不良经历的MDD患者奖赏系统异常变化的神经生物学基础提供了证据。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
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