Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.07.018
Bridgette E. Speranza , Aron T. Hill , Michael Do , Andris Cerins , Peter H. Donaldson , Pushpal Desarker , Lindsay M. Oberman , Sushmit Das , Peter G. Enticott , Melissa Kirkovski
Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that can modulate neural activity. The effect of TBS on regions beyond the motor cortex remains unclear. With increased interest in applying TBS to nonmotor regions for research and clinical purposes, these effects must be understood and characterized. We synthesized the electrophysiological effects of a single session of TBS, as indexed by electroencephalography (EEG) and concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and EEG, in nonclinical participants. We reviewed 79 studies that administered either continuous TBS or intermittent TBS protocols. Broadly, continuous TBS suppressed and intermittent TBS facilitated evoked response component amplitudes. Response to TBS as measured by spectral power and connectivity was much more variable. Variability increased in the presence of task stimuli. There was a large degree of heterogeneity in the research methodology across studies. Additionally, the effect of individual differences on TBS response has been insufficiently investigated. Future research investigating the effects of TBS as measured by EEG must consider methodological and individual factors that may affect TBS outcomes.
{"title":"The Neurophysiological Effects of Theta Burst Stimulation as Measured by Electroencephalography: A Systematic Review","authors":"Bridgette E. Speranza , Aron T. Hill , Michael Do , Andris Cerins , Peter H. Donaldson , Pushpal Desarker , Lindsay M. Oberman , Sushmit Das , Peter G. Enticott , Melissa Kirkovski","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.07.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.07.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that can modulate neural activity. The effect of TBS on regions beyond the motor cortex remains unclear. With increased interest in applying TBS to nonmotor regions for research and clinical purposes, these effects must be understood and characterized. We synthesized the electrophysiological effects of a single session of TBS, as indexed by electroencephalography (EEG) and concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and EEG, in nonclinical participants. We reviewed 79 studies that administered either continuous TBS or intermittent TBS protocols. Broadly, continuous TBS suppressed and intermittent TBS facilitated evoked response component amplitudes. Response to TBS as measured by spectral power and connectivity was much more variable. Variability increased in the presence of task stimuli. There was a large degree of heterogeneity in the research methodology across studies. Additionally, the effect of individual differences on TBS response has been insufficiently investigated. Future research investigating the effects of TBS as measured by EEG must consider methodological and individual factors that may affect TBS outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"9 11","pages":"Pages 1083-1120"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.06.008
Background
As research on psychedelics (hallucinogenic serotonin receptor 2A agonists) progresses, it is important to delineate the reliability of supposedly unique effects across this drug class. One such effect is how psychedelics impair the formation (i.e., encoding) of hippocampal-dependent recollections (retrieval of specific details) while potentially enhancing the encoding of cortical-dependent familiarity (a feeling of knowing that a stimulus has been previously experienced).
Methods
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-participants study (N = 20), we tested the acute effects of 2 distinct psychedelics, psilocybin and 2C-B, on the encoding of emotional episodic memories. During acute drug effects, participants viewed negative, neutral, and positive pictures. The following day (while sober), participants completed 2 separate memory tests for these pictures.
Results
Using computational models of memory confidence, we found trends for psilocybin and 2C-B at encoding to impair estimates of recollection that were supported by other measures/analyses. Surprisingly, psilocybin and 2C-B at encoding impaired estimates of familiarity, but these impairments were likely due to a misattribution of heightened familiarity, because both drugs at encoding selectively increased familiarity-based false alarms, especially for negative and positive stimuli. Psilocybin and 2C-B at encoding also tended to impair estimates of metamemory (understanding one’s own memory) for negative and neutral memories but enhanced estimates of metamemory for positive memories, although these effects were less reliable in additional analyses.
Conclusions
Despite differences in their chemistry, pharmacology, and subjective effects, both psilocybin and 2C-B distorted episodic familiarity, suggesting a common neurocognitive mechanism across psychedelics that may drive other phenomena.
{"title":"Psilocybin and 2C-B at Encoding Distort Episodic Familiarity","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>As research on psychedelics (hallucinogenic serotonin receptor 2A agonists) progresses, it is important to delineate the reliability of supposedly unique effects across this drug class. One such effect is how psychedelics impair the formation (i.e., encoding) of hippocampal-dependent recollections (retrieval of specific details) while potentially enhancing the encoding of cortical-dependent familiarity (a feeling of knowing that a stimulus has been previously experienced).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-participants study (<em>N</em> = 20), we tested the acute effects of 2 distinct psychedelics, psilocybin and 2C-B, on the encoding of emotional episodic memories. During acute drug effects, participants viewed negative, neutral, and positive pictures. The following day (while sober), participants completed 2 separate memory tests for these pictures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Using computational models of memory confidence, we found trends for psilocybin and 2C-B at encoding to impair estimates of recollection that were supported by other measures/analyses. Surprisingly, psilocybin and 2C-B at encoding impaired estimates of familiarity, but these impairments were likely due to a misattribution of heightened familiarity, because both drugs at encoding selectively increased familiarity-based false alarms, especially for negative and positive stimuli. Psilocybin and 2C-B at encoding also tended to impair estimates of metamemory (understanding one’s own memory) for negative and neutral memories but enhanced estimates of metamemory for positive memories, although these effects were less reliable in additional analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite differences in their chemistry, pharmacology, and subjective effects, both psilocybin and 2C-B distorted episodic familiarity, suggesting a common neurocognitive mechanism across psychedelics that may drive other phenomena.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"9 10","pages":"Pages 1048-1057"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141473484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.05.004
Background
Interoception represents perception of the internal bodily state, which is closely associated with social/emotional processing and physical health in humans. Understanding the mechanism that underlies interoceptive processing, particularly its modulation, is therefore of great importance. Given the overlap between oxytocinergic pathways and interoceptive signaling substrates in both peripheral visceral organs and the brain, intranasal oxytocin administration is a promising approach for modulating interoceptive processing.
Methods
Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-participant design, we recruited 72 healthy male participants who performed a cardiac interoceptive task during electroencephalograph and electrocardiograph recording to examine whether intranasal administration of the neuropeptide oxytocin could modulate interoceptive processing. We also collected data in a resting state to examine whether we could replicate previous findings.
Results
The results showed that in the interoceptive task, oxytocin increased interoceptive accuracy at the behavioral level, which was paralleled by larger heartbeat-evoked potential amplitudes in frontocentral and central regions on the neural level. However, there were no significant effects of oxytocin on electroencephalograph or electrocardiograph during resting state.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that oxytocin may only have a facilitatory effect on interoceptive processing under task-based conditions. Our findings not only provide new insights into the modulation of interoceptive processing via targeting the oxytocinergic system but also provide proof-of-concept evidence for the therapeutic potential of intranasal oxytocin in mental disorders with dysfunctional interoception.
{"title":"Intranasal Oxytocin Improves Interoceptive Accuracy and Heartbeat-Evoked Potentials During a Cardiac Interoceptive Task","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Interoception represents perception of the internal bodily state, which is closely associated with social/emotional processing and physical health in humans. Understanding the mechanism that underlies interoceptive processing, particularly its modulation, is therefore of great importance. Given the overlap between oxytocinergic pathways and interoceptive signaling substrates in both peripheral visceral organs and the brain, intranasal oxytocin administration is a promising approach for modulating interoceptive processing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><span>Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-participant design, we recruited 72 healthy male participants who performed a cardiac interoceptive task during electroencephalograph and electrocardiograph recording to examine whether intranasal administration of the </span>neuropeptide oxytocin could modulate interoceptive processing. We also collected data in a resting state to examine whether we could replicate previous findings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that in the interoceptive task, oxytocin increased interoceptive accuracy at the behavioral level, which was paralleled by larger heartbeat-evoked potential amplitudes in frontocentral and central regions on the neural level. However, there were no significant effects of oxytocin on electroencephalograph or electrocardiograph during resting state.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that oxytocin may only have a facilitatory effect on interoceptive processing under task-based conditions. Our findings not only provide new insights into the modulation of interoceptive processing via targeting the oxytocinergic system but also provide proof-of-concept evidence for the therapeutic potential of intranasal oxytocin in mental disorders with dysfunctional interoception.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"9 10","pages":"Pages 1019-1027"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.05.010
Background
Sex differences are shaped both by innate biological differences and the social environment and are frequently observed in human emotional neural responses. Oral administration of oxytocin (OXT), as an alternative and noninvasive intake method, has been shown to produce sex-dependent effects on emotional face processing. However, it is unclear whether oral OXT produces similar sex-dependent effects on processing continuous emotional scenes.
Methods
The current randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled neuropsychopharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment was conducted in 147 healthy participants (OXT = 74, men/women = 37/37; placebo = 73, men/women = 36/37) to examine the oral OXT effect on plasma OXT concentrations and neural response to emotional scenes in both sexes.
Results
At the neuroendocrine level, women showed lower endogenous OXT concentrations than men, but oral OXT increased OXT concentrations equally in both sexes. Regarding neural activity, emotional scenes evoked opposite valence-independent effects on right amygdala activation (women > men) and its functional connectivity with the insula (men > women) in men and women in the placebo group. This sex difference was either attenuated (amygdala response) or even completely eliminated (amygdala-insula functional connectivity) in the OXT group. Multivariate pattern analysis confirmed these findings by developing an accurate sex-predictive neural pattern that included the amygdala and the insula under the placebo but not the OXT condition.
Conclusions
The results of the current study suggest a pronounced sex difference in neural responses to emotional scenes that was eliminated by oral OXT, with OXT having opposite modulatory effects in men and women. This may reflect oral OXT enhancing emotional regulation to continuous emotional stimuli in both sexes by facilitating appropriate changes in sex-specific amygdala-insula circuitry.
{"title":"Oral Oxytocin Blurs Sex Differences in Amygdala Responses to Emotional Scenes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sex differences are shaped both by innate biological differences and the social environment and are frequently observed in human emotional neural responses. Oral administration of oxytocin (OXT), as an alternative and noninvasive intake method, has been shown to produce sex-dependent effects on emotional face processing. However, it is unclear whether oral OXT produces similar sex-dependent effects on processing continuous emotional scenes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The current randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled neuropsychopharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment was conducted in 147 healthy participants (OXT = 74, men/women = 37/37; placebo = 73, men/women = 36/37) to examine the oral OXT effect on plasma OXT concentrations and neural response to emotional scenes in both sexes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At the neuroendocrine level, women showed lower endogenous OXT concentrations than men, but oral OXT increased OXT concentrations equally in both sexes. Regarding neural activity, emotional scenes evoked opposite valence-independent effects on right amygdala activation (women > men) and its functional connectivity with the insula (men > women) in men and women in the placebo group. This sex difference was either attenuated (amygdala response) or even completely eliminated (amygdala-insula functional connectivity) in the OXT group. Multivariate pattern analysis confirmed these findings by developing an accurate sex-predictive neural pattern that included the amygdala and the insula under the placebo but not the OXT condition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results of the current study suggest a pronounced sex difference in neural responses to emotional scenes that was eliminated by oral OXT, with OXT having opposite modulatory effects in men and women. This may reflect oral OXT enhancing emotional regulation to continuous emotional stimuli in both sexes by facilitating appropriate changes in sex-specific amygdala-insula circuitry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"9 10","pages":"Pages 1028-1038"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141297532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.06.014
Alexander Ehlert , Josua Zimmermann , David Johann , Denis Ribeaud , Manuel Eisner , Markus R. Baumgartner , Lilly Shanahan , Heiko Rauhut , Boris B. Quednow
Background
Substance use disorders are associated with severe negative social and health-related outcomes. Evidence has accumulated that long-term substance use is associated with alterations in social interaction behavior, which likely contributes to the vicious cycle of substance use disorder. However, little is known about whether these social problems originate from contextual factors only or also from the substance use itself—in other words, if they are predisposed or substance induced.
Methods
We studied the causation behind behavioral alterations of substance users over a 9-year period (ages 11–20 years) in an urban age cohort (N = 1002) with a high prevalence of substance use at age 20. We identified common substance use patterns using toxicological hair analysis, examined behavioral alterations with incentivized games, and used teacher assessments across different ages to determine the causes and effects that underlie substance use–related impairments in social interaction.
Results
We found that opioid and stimulant users showed reduced prosocial behavior compared with nonusers, particularly in interpersonal trust and perspective taking (e.g., they were approximately 50% less likely to trust others). Our longitudinal analyses suggest a causal relationship between the nonmedical use of prescription opioids and impaired social behavior, whereas impairments among stimulant users seem to be partially predisposed. Moreover, women tended to be more severely affected by opioid use than men. However, no behavioral alterations were found among young adult cannabis or ecstasy users.
Conclusions
Highly addictive substances such as opioids can impair users’ social behavior by undermining fundamental human interaction, thereby fueling a vicious cycle of substance use and social isolation.
{"title":"Substance Use–Related Alterations of Social Decision Making in a Longitudinal Cohort of Young Adults","authors":"Alexander Ehlert , Josua Zimmermann , David Johann , Denis Ribeaud , Manuel Eisner , Markus R. Baumgartner , Lilly Shanahan , Heiko Rauhut , Boris B. Quednow","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.06.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.06.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Substance use disorders are associated with severe negative social and health-related outcomes. Evidence has accumulated that long-term substance use is associated with alterations in social interaction behavior, which likely contributes to the vicious cycle of substance use disorder. However, little is known about whether these social problems originate from contextual factors only or also from the substance use itself—in other words, if they are predisposed or substance induced.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We studied the causation behind behavioral alterations of substance users over a 9-year period (ages 11–20 years) in an urban age cohort (<em>N</em> = 1002) with a high prevalence of substance use at age 20. We identified common substance use patterns using toxicological hair analysis, examined behavioral alterations with incentivized games, and used teacher assessments across different ages to determine the causes and effects that underlie substance use–related impairments in social interaction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that opioid and stimulant users showed reduced prosocial behavior compared with nonusers, particularly in interpersonal trust and perspective taking (e.g., they were approximately 50% less likely to trust others). Our longitudinal analyses suggest a causal relationship between the nonmedical use of prescription opioids and impaired social behavior, whereas impairments among stimulant users seem to be partially predisposed. Moreover, women tended to be more severely affected by opioid use than men. However, no behavioral alterations were found among young adult cannabis or ecstasy users.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Highly addictive substances such as opioids can impair users’ social behavior by undermining fundamental human interaction, thereby fueling a vicious cycle of substance use and social isolation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"9 10","pages":"Pages 1058-1065"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141621974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.06.006
Background
Working memory is a fundamental cognitive process that is critically involved in planning, comprehension, reasoning, and problem solving. Acute stress has been shown to impair working memory. This stress-induced working memory deficit has profound implications for cognitive functioning in everyday life as well as for stress-related mental disorders. Here, we tested whether a cognitive training intervention would make working memory more resistant to disruptive effects of acute stress.
Methods
In a preregistered, fully crossed between-subjects design with the factors stress (vs. control) and cognitive training (vs. sham), 123 healthy men and women (ages 18–35 years) completed a daily cognitive training program targeting working memory–related processes or a sham training over a period of 6 weeks. After this 6-week training intervention, participants underwent a standardized stress or control manipulation shortly before their working memory performance was tested.
Results
As expected, the exposure to acute stress led to a significant working memory impairment in the sham training group. Critically, although the subjective, autonomic, and endocrine stress responses were comparable in the 2 training groups, this stress-induced working memory impairment was abolished in the intervention training group.
Conclusions
These results are the first to show that a cognitive training intervention directed at prefrontal and hippocampal functioning can prevent the detrimental effects of stressful events on working memory performance.
{"title":"Cognitive Training Prevents Stress-Induced Working Memory Deficits","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Working memory is a fundamental cognitive process that is critically involved in planning, comprehension, reasoning, and problem solving. Acute stress has been shown to impair working memory. This stress-induced working memory deficit has profound implications for cognitive functioning in everyday life as well as for stress-related mental disorders. Here, we tested whether a cognitive training intervention would make working memory more resistant to disruptive effects of acute stress.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a preregistered, fully crossed between-subjects design with the factors stress (vs. control) and cognitive training (vs. sham), 123 healthy men and women (ages 18–35 years) completed a daily cognitive training program targeting working memory–related processes or a sham training over a period of 6 weeks. After this 6-week training intervention, participants underwent a standardized stress or control manipulation shortly before their working memory performance was tested.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>As expected, the exposure to acute stress led to a significant working memory impairment in the sham training group. Critically, although the subjective, autonomic, and endocrine stress responses were comparable in the 2 training groups, this stress-induced working memory impairment was abolished in the intervention training group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results are the first to show that a cognitive training intervention directed at prefrontal and hippocampal functioning can prevent the detrimental effects of stressful events on working memory performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"9 10","pages":"Pages 1039-1047"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141443939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.03.005
Background
Both postural instability and brain white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are noted markers of normal aging and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Here, we questioned what variables contribute to the sway path–WMH relationship in individuals with AUD and healthy control participants.
Methods
The data comprised 404 balance platform sessions, yielding sway path length and magnetic resonance imaging data acquired cross-sectionally or longitudinally in 102 control participants and 158 participants with AUD ages 25 to 80 years. Balance sessions were typically conducted on the same day as magnetic resonance imaging fluid-attenuated inversion recovery acquisitions, permitting WMH volume quantification. Factors considered in multiple regression analyses as potential contributors to the relationship between WMH volumes and postural instability were age, sex, socioeconomic status, education, pedal 2-point discrimination, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, depressive symptoms, total alcohol consumed in the past year, and race.
Results
Initial analysis identified diagnosis, age, sex, and race as significant contributors to observed sway path–WMH relationships. Inclusion of these factors as predictors in multiple regression analyses substantially attenuated the sway path–WMH relationships in both AUD and healthy control groups. Women, irrespective of diagnosis or race, had shorter sway paths than men. Black participants, irrespective of diagnosis or sex, had shorter sway paths than non-Black participants despite having modestly larger WMH volumes than non-Black participants, which is possibly a reflection of the younger age of the Black sample.
Conclusions
Longer sway paths were related to larger WMH volumes in healthy men and women with and without AUD. Critically, however, age almost fully accounted for these associations.
{"title":"Contributions of Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities to Postural Instability in Aging With and Without Alcohol Use Disorder","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Both postural instability and brain white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are noted markers of normal aging and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Here, we questioned what variables contribute to the sway path–WMH relationship in individuals with AUD and healthy control participants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The data comprised 404 balance platform sessions, yielding sway path length and magnetic resonance imaging data acquired cross-sectionally or longitudinally in 102 control participants and 158 participants with AUD ages 25 to 80 years. Balance sessions were typically conducted on the same day as magnetic resonance imaging fluid-attenuated inversion recovery acquisitions, permitting WMH volume quantification. Factors considered in multiple regression analyses as potential contributors to the relationship between WMH volumes and postural instability were age, sex, socioeconomic status, education, pedal 2-point discrimination, systolic and diastolic blood pressure<span>, body mass index, depressive symptoms, total alcohol consumed in the past year, and race.</span></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Initial analysis identified diagnosis, age, sex, and race as significant contributors to observed sway path–WMH relationships. Inclusion of these factors as predictors in multiple regression analyses substantially attenuated the sway path–WMH relationships in both AUD and healthy control groups. Women, irrespective of diagnosis or race, had shorter sway paths than men. Black participants, irrespective of diagnosis or sex, had shorter sway paths than non-Black participants despite having modestly larger WMH volumes than non-Black participants, which is possibly a reflection of the younger age of the Black sample.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Longer sway paths were related to larger WMH volumes in healthy men and women with and without AUD. Critically, however, age almost fully accounted for these associations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"9 10","pages":"Pages 998-1009"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140786544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.04.010
Background
Human healthy and pathological aging is linked to a steady decline in brain resting-state activity and connectivity measures. The neurophysiological mechanisms that underlie these changes remain poorly understood.
Methods
Making use of recent developments in normative modeling and availability of in vivo maps for various neurochemical systems, we tested in the UK Biobank cohort (n = 25,917) whether and how age- and Parkinson’s disease–related resting-state changes in commonly applied local and global activity and connectivity measures colocalize with underlying neurotransmitter systems.
Results
We found that the distributions of several major neurotransmitter systems including serotonergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission correlated with age-related changes across functional activity and connectivity measures. Colocalization patterns in Parkinson’s disease deviated from normative aging trajectories for these, as well as for cholinergic and GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acidergic) neurotransmission. The deviation from normal colocalization of brain function and GABAA correlated with disease duration.
Conclusions
These findings provide new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying age- and Parkinson’s-related brain functional changes by extending the existing evidence elucidating the vulnerability of specific neurochemical attributes to normal aging and Parkinson’s disease. The results particularly indicate that alongside dopamine and serotonin, increased vulnerability of glutamatergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic systems may also contribute to Parkinson’s disease–related functional alterations. Combining normative modeling and neurotransmitter mapping may aid future research and drug development through deeper understanding of neurophysiological mechanisms that underlie specific clinical conditions.
{"title":"Resting-State Changes in Aging and Parkinson’s Disease Are Shaped by Underlying Neurotransmission: A Normative Modeling Study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.04.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human healthy and pathological aging is linked to a steady decline in brain resting-state activity and connectivity measures. The neurophysiological mechanisms that underlie these changes remain poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Making use of recent developments in normative modeling and availability of in vivo maps for various neurochemical systems, we tested in the UK Biobank cohort (<em>n</em> = 25,917) whether and how age- and Parkinson’s disease–related resting-state changes in commonly applied local and global activity and connectivity measures colocalize with underlying neurotransmitter systems.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that the distributions of several major neurotransmitter systems including serotonergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission correlated with age-related changes across functional activity and connectivity measures. Colocalization patterns in Parkinson’s disease deviated from normative aging trajectories for these, as well as for cholinergic and GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acidergic) neurotransmission. The deviation from normal colocalization of brain function and GABA<sub>A</sub> correlated with disease duration.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings provide new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying age- and Parkinson’s-related brain functional changes by extending the existing evidence elucidating the vulnerability of specific neurochemical attributes to normal aging and Parkinson’s disease. The results particularly indicate that alongside dopamine and serotonin, increased vulnerability of glutamatergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic systems may also contribute to Parkinson’s disease–related functional alterations. Combining normative modeling and neurotransmitter mapping may aid future research and drug development through deeper understanding of neurophysiological mechanisms that underlie specific clinical conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"9 10","pages":"Pages 986-997"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140861201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.012
Alyssa R. Roeckner
{"title":"Voice Hearing in Trauma-Related Psychopathology: Continued Exploration of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Heterogeneity in Functional Neuroimaging Research","authors":"Alyssa R. Roeckner","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"9 10","pages":"Pages 973-974"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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