Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080739
Bertram Regenbrecht, Ahmed Yaseen, Gideon Wagener, Michael Wild
Both cementless and cemented stems have exhibited favorable long-term outcomes in total hip arthroplasty. Nonetheless, in elderly patients, cemented hips offer an advantage due to their reduced risk of periprosthetic fractures. This study aimed to assess the initial outcomes of 28 patients who underwent unilateral cemented total hip arthroplasty utilizing a calcar-guided A2 stem (ARTIQO GmbH, Lüdinghausen, Germany). Various types of antibiotic-loaded bone cement were employed. During follow-up, we recorded demographic data and comorbidities and employed standardized clinical assessment tools, including the Harris Hip Score. Radiographic assessments included preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up imaging to evaluate subsidence, osteolysis, and bone resorption. The results indicated that among the 28 patients, 5 withdrew consent and 2 patients passed away from unrelated causes. Additionally, one prosthesis was explanted due to the undersizing of the cement stopper, which resulted in an inadequate cement mantle. As a result, 20 patients underwent a 1-year follow-up, revealing noteworthy enhancements in clinical scores, with no instances of radiolucent lines or osteolysis. No infections were detected. In summary, our short-term experience with this particular cemented short-stem design yielded promising results, exhibiting excellent functional outcomes, no aseptic loosening attributable to the stem, and no infections. Further clinical studies and registry data are essential to corroborate these findings.
{"title":"Cemented Calcar-Guided Short-Stem Prostheses in Geriatric Patients: Short-Term Results from a Prospective Observational Study.","authors":"Bertram Regenbrecht, Ahmed Yaseen, Gideon Wagener, Michael Wild","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13080739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13080739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Both cementless and cemented stems have exhibited favorable long-term outcomes in total hip arthroplasty. Nonetheless, in elderly patients, cemented hips offer an advantage due to their reduced risk of periprosthetic fractures. This study aimed to assess the initial outcomes of 28 patients who underwent unilateral cemented total hip arthroplasty utilizing a calcar-guided A2 stem (ARTIQO GmbH, Lüdinghausen, Germany). Various types of antibiotic-loaded bone cement were employed. During follow-up, we recorded demographic data and comorbidities and employed standardized clinical assessment tools, including the Harris Hip Score. Radiographic assessments included preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up imaging to evaluate subsidence, osteolysis, and bone resorption. The results indicated that among the 28 patients, 5 withdrew consent and 2 patients passed away from unrelated causes. Additionally, one prosthesis was explanted due to the undersizing of the cement stopper, which resulted in an inadequate cement mantle. As a result, 20 patients underwent a 1-year follow-up, revealing noteworthy enhancements in clinical scores, with no instances of radiolucent lines or osteolysis. No infections were detected. In summary, our short-term experience with this particular cemented short-stem design yielded promising results, exhibiting excellent functional outcomes, no aseptic loosening attributable to the stem, and no infections. Further clinical studies and registry data are essential to corroborate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11350790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080741
Alba González-Fernández, Oscar Mencía-Ares, María José García-Iglesias, Máximo Petrocchi-Rilo, Rubén Miguélez-Pérez, César Bernardo Gutiérrez-Martín, Sonia Martínez-Martínez
Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis, the causative agent of Glässer's disease, is present in most pig farms as an early colonizer of the upper respiratory tract. It exhibits remarkable variability in virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with virulent strains capable of inducing respiratory or systemic disease. This study aimed to characterize the virulence and the AMR profiles in 65 G. parasuis isolates recovered from Spanish swine farms. Virulence was assessed using multiplex leader sequence (LS)-PCR targeting vtaA genes, with all isolates identified as clinical (presumed virulent). Pathotyping based on ten pangenome genes revealed the virulent HPS_22970 as the most frequent (83.1%). Diverse pathotype profiles were observed, with 29 unique gene combinations and two isolates carrying only potentially non-virulent pangenome genes. AMR phenotyping showed widespread resistance, with 63.3% classified as multidrug resistant, and high resistance to clindamycin (98.3%) and tylosin (93.3%). A very strong association was found between certain pathotype genes and AMR phenotypes, notably between the virulent HPS_22970 and tetracycline resistance (p < 0.001; Φ = 0.58). This study reveals the wide diversity and complexity of G. parasuis pathogenicity and AMR phenotype, emphasizing the need for the targeted characterization of clinical isolates to ensure appropriate antimicrobial treatments and the implementation of prophylactic measures against virulent strains.
{"title":"Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Characterization of <i>Glaesserella parasuis</i> Isolates Recovered from Spanish Swine Farms.","authors":"Alba González-Fernández, Oscar Mencía-Ares, María José García-Iglesias, Máximo Petrocchi-Rilo, Rubén Miguélez-Pérez, César Bernardo Gutiérrez-Martín, Sonia Martínez-Martínez","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13080741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13080741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Glaesserella</i> (<i>Haemophilus</i>) <i>parasuis</i>, the causative agent of Glässer's disease, is present in most pig farms as an early colonizer of the upper respiratory tract. It exhibits remarkable variability in virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with virulent strains capable of inducing respiratory or systemic disease. This study aimed to characterize the virulence and the AMR profiles in 65 <i>G. parasuis</i> isolates recovered from Spanish swine farms. Virulence was assessed using multiplex leader sequence (LS)-PCR targeting <i>vtaA</i> genes, with all isolates identified as clinical (presumed virulent). Pathotyping based on ten pangenome genes revealed the virulent HPS_22970 as the most frequent (83.1%). Diverse pathotype profiles were observed, with 29 unique gene combinations and two isolates carrying only potentially non-virulent pangenome genes. AMR phenotyping showed widespread resistance, with 63.3% classified as multidrug resistant, and high resistance to clindamycin (98.3%) and tylosin (93.3%). A very strong association was found between certain pathotype genes and AMR phenotypes, notably between the virulent HPS_22970 and tetracycline resistance (<i>p</i> < 0.001; Φ = 0.58). This study reveals the wide diversity and complexity of <i>G. parasuis</i> pathogenicity and AMR phenotype, emphasizing the need for the targeted characterization of clinical isolates to ensure appropriate antimicrobial treatments and the implementation of prophylactic measures against virulent strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11350796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080740
Alessandro Bondi, Emanuele Koumantakis, Antonio Curtoni, Anna Maria Barbui, Marco Peradotto, Daniela Lombardi, Roberto Casale, Silvia Alizzi, Elisa Zanotto, Lorena Charrier, Rossana Cavallo, Cristina Costa
Background: The international surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) reports S. pneumoniae as one of leading causes of death associated with AMR. Against invasive disease, several vaccinations are available and a reduction in AMR in S. pneumoniae has been observed. Here, we evaluated the impact of anti-pneumococcal vaccination policy and the SARS-CoV2 outbreak on AMR in S. pneumoniae causing invasive disease.
Methods: We collected all strains of S. pneumoniae causing invasive disease from 2008 in the Piedmont region (Italy). Each strain was typed in order to identify the serogroup and data about AMR were collected. The population under surveillance was classified as infants, children, adults, and the old population.
Results: We collected n = 2076 S. pneumoniae strains, with 21.9% and 40.3% being resistant to penicillin G and erythromycin, respectively. We reported an increased risk of infection with penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae among all populations and evaluated whether the infection was caused by a serotype included in the vaccine formulation. A similar increase was observed after the SARS-CoV2 outbreak.
Conclusions: In the Piedmont region, subsequently to the introduction of anti-pneumococcal vaccination, a significant increase in the risk of penicillin G-resistant invasive pneumococcal disease among infants and old population was reported. No significant impact was found for the SARS-CoV2 outbreak.
背景:抗菌药耐药性(AMR)国际监测报告显示,肺炎双球菌是与 AMR 相关的主要死因之一。针对侵袭性疾病,目前有多种疫苗可供选择,而且已观察到肺炎球菌的 AMR 有所减少。在此,我们评估了抗肺炎球菌疫苗接种政策和 SARS-CoV2 爆发对引起侵袭性疾病的肺炎双球菌 AMR 的影响:方法:我们收集了 2008 年意大利皮埃蒙特大区所有引起侵袭性疾病的肺炎双球菌菌株。我们对每株菌株进行了分型,以确定其血清群,并收集了有关 AMR 的数据。监测人群分为婴儿、儿童、成人和老年人:我们共收集到 n = 2076 株肺炎链球菌菌株,其中 21.9% 和 40.3% 的菌株对青霉素 G 和红霉素耐药。我们报告了所有人群感染耐青霉素肺炎球菌的风险增加,并评估了感染是否由疫苗配方中的血清型引起。在 SARS-CoV2 爆发后也观察到了类似的增加:结论:在皮埃蒙特地区,在引入抗肺炎球菌疫苗接种后,婴儿和老年人感染耐青霉素 G 的侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病的风险显著增加。但对 SARS-CoV2 的爆发并无明显影响。
{"title":"Epidemiology and Impact of Anti-Pneumococcal Vaccination and COVID-19 on Resistance of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Causing Invasive Disease in Piedmont, Italy.","authors":"Alessandro Bondi, Emanuele Koumantakis, Antonio Curtoni, Anna Maria Barbui, Marco Peradotto, Daniela Lombardi, Roberto Casale, Silvia Alizzi, Elisa Zanotto, Lorena Charrier, Rossana Cavallo, Cristina Costa","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13080740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13080740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The international surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) reports <i>S. pneumoniae</i> as one of leading causes of death associated with AMR. Against invasive disease, several vaccinations are available and a reduction in AMR in <i>S. pneumoniae</i> has been observed. Here, we evaluated the impact of anti-pneumococcal vaccination policy and the SARS-CoV2 outbreak on AMR in <i>S. pneumoniae</i> causing invasive disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected all strains of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> causing invasive disease from 2008 in the Piedmont region (Italy). Each strain was typed in order to identify the serogroup and data about AMR were collected. The population under surveillance was classified as infants, children, adults, and the old population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We collected <i>n</i> = 2076 <i>S. pneumoniae</i> strains, with 21.9% and 40.3% being resistant to penicillin G and erythromycin, respectively. We reported an increased risk of infection with penicillin-resistant <i>S. pneumoniae</i> among all populations and evaluated whether the infection was caused by a serotype included in the vaccine formulation. A similar increase was observed after the SARS-CoV2 outbreak.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the Piedmont region, subsequently to the introduction of anti-pneumococcal vaccination, a significant increase in the risk of penicillin G-resistant invasive pneumococcal disease among infants and old population was reported. No significant impact was found for the SARS-CoV2 outbreak.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11350834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080737
Maxsueli Aparecida Moura Machado, Pedro Panzenhagen, Cesar Lázaro, Miguel Rojas, Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza Figueiredo, Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
In this pioneering in silico study in Peru, we aimed to analyze Escherichia coli (E. coli) genomes for antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) diversity and virulence and for its mobilome. For this purpose, 469 assemblies from human, domestic, and wild animal hosts were investigated. Of these genomes, three were E. coli strains (pv05, pv06, and sf25) isolated from chickens in our previous study, characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and sequenced in this study. Three other genomes were included in our repertoire for having rare cgMLSTs. The phenotypic analysis for antimicrobial resistance revealed that pv05, pv06, and sf25 strains presented multidrug resistance to antibiotics belonging to at least three classes. Our in silico analysis indicated that many Peruvian genomes included resistance genes, mainly to the aminoglycoside class, ESBL-producing E. coli, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. In addition, through Multi-locus Sequence Typing, we found more than 180 different STs, with ST10 being the most prevalent among the genomes. Pan-genome mapping revealed that, with new lineages, the repertoire of accessory genes in E. coli increased, especially genes related to resistance and persistence, which may be carried by plasmids. The results also demonstrated several genes related to adhesion, virulence, and pathogenesis, especially genes belonging to the high pathogenicity island (HPI) from Yersinia pestis, with a prevalence of 42.2% among the genomes. The complexity of the genetic profiles of resistance and virulence in our study highlights the adaptability of the pathogen to different environments and hosts. Therefore, our in silico analysis through genome sequencing enables tracking the epidemiology of E. coli from Peru and the future development of strategies to mitigate its survival.
{"title":"Unveiling the High Diversity of Clones and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Originating from ST10 across Different Ecological Niches.","authors":"Maxsueli Aparecida Moura Machado, Pedro Panzenhagen, Cesar Lázaro, Miguel Rojas, Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza Figueiredo, Carlos Adam Conte-Junior","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13080737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13080737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this pioneering in silico study in Peru, we aimed to analyze <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) genomes for antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) diversity and virulence and for its mobilome. For this purpose, 469 assemblies from human, domestic, and wild animal hosts were investigated. Of these genomes, three were <i>E. coli</i> strains (pv05, pv06, and sf25) isolated from chickens in our previous study, characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and sequenced in this study. Three other genomes were included in our repertoire for having rare cgMLSTs. The phenotypic analysis for antimicrobial resistance revealed that pv05, pv06, and sf25 strains presented multidrug resistance to antibiotics belonging to at least three classes. Our in silico analysis indicated that many Peruvian genomes included resistance genes, mainly to the aminoglycoside class, ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i>, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. In addition, through Multi-locus Sequence Typing, we found more than 180 different STs, with ST10 being the most prevalent among the genomes. Pan-genome mapping revealed that, with new lineages, the repertoire of accessory genes in <i>E. coli</i> increased, especially genes related to resistance and persistence, which may be carried by plasmids. The results also demonstrated several genes related to adhesion, virulence, and pathogenesis, especially genes belonging to the high pathogenicity island (HPI) from <i>Yersinia pestis</i>, with a prevalence of 42.2% among the genomes. The complexity of the genetic profiles of resistance and virulence in our study highlights the adaptability of the pathogen to different environments and hosts. Therefore, our in silico analysis through genome sequencing enables tracking the epidemiology of <i>E. coli</i> from Peru and the future development of strategies to mitigate its survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11350709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080738
Tamara Y Telnova, Maria M Morgunova, Sophie S Shashkina, Anfisa A Vlasova, Maria E Dmitrieva, Victoria N Shelkovnikova, Ekaterina V Malygina, Natalia A Imidoeva, Alexander Y Belyshenko, Alexander S Konovalov, Evgenia A Misharina, Denis V Axenov-Gribanov
Pollution by active ingredients is one of the most significant and widespread forms of pollution on Earth. Medicines can have a negative impact on ecosystems, and contamination can have unpredictable consequences. An urgent and unexplored task is to study the Lake Baikal ecosystem and its organisms for the presence of trace concentrations of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Our study aimed to conduct a qualitative analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients, and quantitative analysis of ibuprofen in endemic amphipods of Lake Baikal, using methods of high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), ibuprofen, acetaminophen, azithromycin, dimetridazole, metronidazole, amikacin, spiramycin, and some tetracycline antibiotics were detected in the studied littoral amphipods. We also detected different annual loads of active pharmaceutical ingredients on amphipods. Using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode mentioned in GOST International Technical Standards, we detected molecules, fragmented as amikacin, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, dimetridazole, metronidazole and spiramycin. Thus, we first revealed that invertebrates of Lake Baikal can uptake pharmaceutical contaminants in the environment.
{"title":"Detection of Pharmaceutical Contamination in Amphipods of Lake Baikal by the HPLC-MS Method.","authors":"Tamara Y Telnova, Maria M Morgunova, Sophie S Shashkina, Anfisa A Vlasova, Maria E Dmitrieva, Victoria N Shelkovnikova, Ekaterina V Malygina, Natalia A Imidoeva, Alexander Y Belyshenko, Alexander S Konovalov, Evgenia A Misharina, Denis V Axenov-Gribanov","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13080738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13080738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pollution by active ingredients is one of the most significant and widespread forms of pollution on Earth. Medicines can have a negative impact on ecosystems, and contamination can have unpredictable consequences. An urgent and unexplored task is to study the Lake Baikal ecosystem and its organisms for the presence of trace concentrations of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Our study aimed to conduct a qualitative analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients, and quantitative analysis of ibuprofen in endemic amphipods of Lake Baikal, using methods of high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), ibuprofen, acetaminophen, azithromycin, dimetridazole, metronidazole, amikacin, spiramycin, and some tetracycline antibiotics were detected in the studied littoral amphipods. We also detected different annual loads of active pharmaceutical ingredients on amphipods. Using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode mentioned in GOST International Technical Standards, we detected molecules, fragmented as amikacin, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, dimetridazole, metronidazole and spiramycin. Thus, we first revealed that invertebrates of Lake Baikal can uptake pharmaceutical contaminants in the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11350909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to explore the response of archaeal communities and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) to ciprofloxacin (CIP, 0.05-40 mg/L) and copper (Cu, 3 mg/L) combined pollution during stress- and post-effect periods in an activated sludge system. With the increase in the CIP concentration, the diversity of archaea decreased, but the richness increased under the stress of 10 mg/L CIP. Under stress and post effects, the change in unknown archaeal community structure was more significant than that of the known archaea. The relative abundance of unknown archaea was significantly reduced with the increase in CIP concentration. Meanwhile, there were certain archaea that belonged to abundant and rare taxa with different resistance and recovery characteristics. Among them, Methanosaeta (49.15-83.66%), Methanoculleus (0.11-0.45%), and Nitrososphaera (0.03-0.36%) were the typical resistant archaea to combined pollution. And the resistance of the abundant taxa to combined pollution was significantly higher than that of the rare taxa. Symbiotic and competitive relationships were observed between the known and the unknown archaea. The interactions of abundant known taxa were mainly symbiotic relationships. While the rare unknown taxa were mainly competitive relationships in the post-effect period. Rare archaea showed an important ecological niche under the stress-effect. Some archaea displayed positive correlation with ARGs and played important roles as potential hosts of ARGs during stress- and post-periods. Methanospirillum, Methanosphaerula, Nitrososphaera and some rare unknown archaea also significantly co-occurred with a large number of ARGs. Overall, this study points out the importance of interactions among known and unknown archaeal communities and ARGs in a wastewater treatment system under the stress of antibiotics and heavy metal combined pollution.
{"title":"Impact of Combined Pollution of Ciprofloxacin and Copper on the Diversity of Archaeal Communities and Antibiotic-Resistance Genes.","authors":"Meijuan Chen, Weiying Li, Haibo Teng, Wenxin Hu, Zhiqiang Dong, Dawei Zhang, Tianyi Liu, Quan Zheng","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13080734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13080734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to explore the response of archaeal communities and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) to ciprofloxacin (CIP, 0.05-40 mg/L) and copper (Cu, 3 mg/L) combined pollution during stress- and post-effect periods in an activated sludge system. With the increase in the CIP concentration, the diversity of archaea decreased, but the richness increased under the stress of 10 mg/L CIP. Under stress and post effects, the change in unknown archaeal community structure was more significant than that of the known archaea. The relative abundance of unknown archaea was significantly reduced with the increase in CIP concentration. Meanwhile, there were certain archaea that belonged to abundant and rare taxa with different resistance and recovery characteristics. Among them, <i>Methanosaeta</i> (49.15-83.66%), <i>Methanoculleus</i> (0.11-0.45%), and <i>Nitrososphaera</i> (0.03-0.36%) were the typical resistant archaea to combined pollution. And the resistance of the abundant taxa to combined pollution was significantly higher than that of the rare taxa. Symbiotic and competitive relationships were observed between the known and the unknown archaea. The interactions of abundant known taxa were mainly symbiotic relationships. While the rare unknown taxa were mainly competitive relationships in the post-effect period. Rare archaea showed an important ecological niche under the stress-effect. Some archaea displayed positive correlation with ARGs and played important roles as potential hosts of ARGs during stress- and post-periods. <i>Methanospirillum</i>, <i>Methanosphaerula</i>, <i>Nitrososphaera</i> and some rare unknown archaea also significantly co-occurred with a large number of ARGs. Overall, this study points out the importance of interactions among known and unknown archaeal communities and ARGs in a wastewater treatment system under the stress of antibiotics and heavy metal combined pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11350791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080733
Christiana Jesumirhewe, Tolulope Oluwadamilola Odufuye, Juliana Ukinebo Ariri, Amdallat Arike Adebiyi, Amina Tanko Sanusi, Anna Stöger, Beatriz Daza-Prieto, Franz Allerberger, Adriana Cabal-Rosel, Werner Ruppitsch
Staphylococcus spp. poses a significant threat to human and animal health due to their capacity to cause a wide range of infections in both. In this study, resistance genes conferring antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus spp. and Mammaliicoccus sciuri isolates from humans and poultry in Edo state, Nigeria, were investigated. In April 2017, 61 Staphylococcus spp. isolates were obtained from urine, wounds, nasal and chicken fecal samples. Species identification was carried out by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer method for 16 antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing was used for characterization of the isolates. The 61 investigated isolates included Staphylococcus aureus, S. arlettae, M. sciuri, S. haemolyticus, and S. epidermidis. A total of 47 isolates (77%) belonged to human samples and 14 (23%) isolates were collected from poultry samples. All were phenotypically resistant to at least three antimicrobial(s). Multiple resistance determinants were detected in the human and poultry isolates analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close relatedness among the isolates within each species for S. arlettae, M. sciuri, and S. haemolyticus, respectively. This study delivered comprehensive genomic insights into antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus species and M. sciuri isolates from human and poultry sources in Edo state, Nigeria, from a One Health perspective.
{"title":"Genetic Characterization of Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. and <i>Mammaliicoccus sciuri</i> from Healthy Humans and Poultry in Nigeria.","authors":"Christiana Jesumirhewe, Tolulope Oluwadamilola Odufuye, Juliana Ukinebo Ariri, Amdallat Arike Adebiyi, Amina Tanko Sanusi, Anna Stöger, Beatriz Daza-Prieto, Franz Allerberger, Adriana Cabal-Rosel, Werner Ruppitsch","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13080733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13080733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. poses a significant threat to human and animal health due to their capacity to cause a wide range of infections in both. In this study, resistance genes conferring antibiotic resistance in <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. and <i>Mammaliicoccus sciuri</i> isolates from humans and poultry in Edo state, Nigeria, were investigated. In April 2017, 61 <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. isolates were obtained from urine, wounds, nasal and chicken fecal samples. Species identification was carried out by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer method for 16 antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing was used for characterization of the isolates. The 61 investigated isolates included <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>S. arlettae</i>, <i>M. sciuri</i>, <i>S. haemolyticus</i>, and <i>S. epidermidis.</i> A total of 47 isolates (77%) belonged to human samples and 14 (23%) isolates were collected from poultry samples. All were phenotypically resistant to at least three antimicrobial(s). Multiple resistance determinants were detected in the human and poultry isolates analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close relatedness among the isolates within each species for <i>S. arlettae</i>, <i>M. sciuri</i>, and <i>S. haemolyticus</i>, respectively. This study delivered comprehensive genomic insights into antibiotic-resistant <i>Staphylococcus</i> species and <i>M. sciuri</i> isolates from human and poultry sources in Edo state, Nigeria, from a One Health perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11350800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The challenge of emerging antimicrobial resistance and variation in antibiotic use across provinces in China call for knowledge on antibiotic utilization at the regional level. This study aims to evaluate the long-term trends and patterns of antibiotic usage in Xinjiang Province, the largest provincial-level division located in the northwest of China, aiming to provide evidence in enhancing provincial antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and developing policy measures to optimize regional antimicrobial use.
Methods: This was an ecological study with temporal trend analysis on inpatient antibiotic utilization, with antibiotic use data from 92 public hospitals covered by Xinjiang's Center for Antibacterial Surveillance from 2012 to 2022. Antibiotic use was measured by the number of daily defined doses per 100 patient days (DDDs/100 pds). Patterns of antibiotic use were described by Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) subgroups and the Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) classification. The Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) of antibiotic use and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to describe the trend of antibiotic use over time. Joinpoint regression was performed using the Weighted Bayesian Information Criteria (WBIC) model with a parametric method. A pairwise comparison between secondary and tertiary hospitals was conducted to explore disparities in antibiotic use across hospital levels. The most commonly used antibiotics were also analyzed.
Results: The total inpatient antibiotic use in Xinjiang was 27.6 DDDs/100 patient days in 2022, with a significant decreasing trend during 2012-2022 (AAPC, -2.0%; 95% CI, -3.6% to -0.4%). The Watch group antibiotics were the most used AWaRe category, with the Access-to-Watch ratio decreasing significantly from 46.4% to 24.4% (AAPC, -6.8%; 95% CI, -8.4% to -5.1%). No significant difference was found in the trend of total antibiotic use between secondary and tertiary hospitals, but there were disparities across hospital levels in subgroups. Third-generation cephalosporins, second-generation cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones remained the top three antibiotic class throughout the study period. The number of antibiotics accounting for 90% of the total antibiotic use decreased from 34 antibiotics in 2012 to 18 antibiotics in 2022.
Conclusions: The decreasing trend of inpatient antibiotic use in Xinjiang's public hospitals reflects the effects of continuous AMS implementation. Patterns of antibiotic use underscore the need for further efforts on evidence-based antibiotic selection and for analyses on the appropriateness of antibiotic use.
{"title":"Measuring Temporal Trends and Patterns of Inpatient Antibiotic Use in Northwest China's Hospitals: Data from the Center for Antibacterial Surveillance, 2012-2022.","authors":"Aizezijiang Aierken, Xiaochen Zhu, Ningning Wang, Jiangtao Zhang, Weibin Li, Haishaerjiang Wushouer, Kaisaier Abudukeremu","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13080732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13080732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The challenge of emerging antimicrobial resistance and variation in antibiotic use across provinces in China call for knowledge on antibiotic utilization at the regional level. This study aims to evaluate the long-term trends and patterns of antibiotic usage in Xinjiang Province, the largest provincial-level division located in the northwest of China, aiming to provide evidence in enhancing provincial antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and developing policy measures to optimize regional antimicrobial use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an ecological study with temporal trend analysis on inpatient antibiotic utilization, with antibiotic use data from 92 public hospitals covered by Xinjiang's Center for Antibacterial Surveillance from 2012 to 2022. Antibiotic use was measured by the number of daily defined doses per 100 patient days (DDDs/100 pds). Patterns of antibiotic use were described by Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) subgroups and the Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) classification. The Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) of antibiotic use and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to describe the trend of antibiotic use over time. Joinpoint regression was performed using the Weighted Bayesian Information Criteria (WBIC) model with a parametric method. A pairwise comparison between secondary and tertiary hospitals was conducted to explore disparities in antibiotic use across hospital levels. The most commonly used antibiotics were also analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total inpatient antibiotic use in Xinjiang was 27.6 DDDs/100 patient days in 2022, with a significant decreasing trend during 2012-2022 (AAPC, -2.0%; 95% CI, -3.6% to -0.4%). The Watch group antibiotics were the most used AWaRe category, with the Access-to-Watch ratio decreasing significantly from 46.4% to 24.4% (AAPC, -6.8%; 95% CI, -8.4% to -5.1%). No significant difference was found in the trend of total antibiotic use between secondary and tertiary hospitals, but there were disparities across hospital levels in subgroups. Third-generation cephalosporins, second-generation cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones remained the top three antibiotic class throughout the study period. The number of antibiotics accounting for 90% of the total antibiotic use decreased from 34 antibiotics in 2012 to 18 antibiotics in 2022.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The decreasing trend of inpatient antibiotic use in Xinjiang's public hospitals reflects the effects of continuous AMS implementation. Patterns of antibiotic use underscore the need for further efforts on evidence-based antibiotic selection and for analyses on the appropriateness of antibiotic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11350706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080735
Tara Gross, Loic Alain Ledernez, Laurent Birrer, Michael Eckhard Bergmann, Markus Jörg Altenburger
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a promising alternative to antibiotics and chemical substances in dentistry that can reduce the risk of unwanted side effects and bacterial resistance. AmbiJet is a device that can ignite and deliver plasma directly to the site of action for maximum effectiveness. The aim of the study was to investigate its antimicrobial efficacy and the possible development of bacterial resistance. The antimicrobial effect of the plasma was tested under aerobic and anaerobic conditions on bacteria (five aerobic, three anaerobic (Gram +/-)) that are relevant in dentistry. The application times varied from 1 to 7 min. Possible bacterial resistance was evaluated by repeated plasma applications (10 times in 50 days). A possible increase in temperature was measured. Plasma effectively killed 106 seeded aerobic and anaerobic bacteria after an application time of 1 min per 10 mm2. Neither the development of resistance nor an increase in temperature above 40 °C was observed, so patient discomfort can be ruled out. The plasma treatment proved to be effective under anaerobic conditions, so the influence of ROS can be questioned. Our results show that AmbiJet efficiently eliminates pathogenic oral bacteria. Therefore, it can be advocated for clinical therapeutic use.
{"title":"Guided Plasma Application in Dentistry-An Alternative to Antibiotic Therapy.","authors":"Tara Gross, Loic Alain Ledernez, Laurent Birrer, Michael Eckhard Bergmann, Markus Jörg Altenburger","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13080735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13080735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a promising alternative to antibiotics and chemical substances in dentistry that can reduce the risk of unwanted side effects and bacterial resistance. AmbiJet is a device that can ignite and deliver plasma directly to the site of action for maximum effectiveness. The aim of the study was to investigate its antimicrobial efficacy and the possible development of bacterial resistance. The antimicrobial effect of the plasma was tested under aerobic and anaerobic conditions on bacteria (five aerobic, three anaerobic (Gram +/-)) that are relevant in dentistry. The application times varied from 1 to 7 min. Possible bacterial resistance was evaluated by repeated plasma applications (10 times in 50 days). A possible increase in temperature was measured. Plasma effectively killed 10<sup>6</sup> seeded aerobic and anaerobic bacteria after an application time of 1 min per 10 mm<sup>2</sup>. Neither the development of resistance nor an increase in temperature above 40 °C was observed, so patient discomfort can be ruled out. The plasma treatment proved to be effective under anaerobic conditions, so the influence of ROS can be questioned. Our results show that AmbiJet efficiently eliminates pathogenic oral bacteria. Therefore, it can be advocated for clinical therapeutic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11350922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080694
David Y Graham, Saleh A Naser, Thomas Borody, Zbigniew Hebzda, Harry Sarles, Scott Levenson, Robert Hardi, Tomasz Arłukowicz, Petar Svorcan, Reza Fathi, Aida Bibliowicz, Patricia Anderson, Patrick McLean, Clara Fehrmann, M Scott Harris, Shuhong Zhao, Ira N Kalfus
This study, conducted between 4 October 2013, and 30 November 2018, tested the hypothesis that triple antimicrobial therapy, targeting Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), long considered a putative cause, would favorably affect Crohn's disease. A double-blind multicenter study of adults with active Crohn's disease, (i.e., Crohn's Disease Activity Index [CDAI] 220-450 plus C-reactive protein ≥ 1.0 mg/dL, fecal calprotectin (FCP) >162.9 µg/g stool, or recent endoscopic or radiographic confirmation of active disease) receiving concomitant standard-of-care Crohn's disease treatment (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01951326) were stratified by anti-tumor necrosis factor use and randomized (1:1) to anti-MAP RHB-104 (clarithromycin 95 mg, rifabutin 45 mg, and clofazimine 10 mg per capsule) (n = 166), resulting in clarithromycin 950 mg/day, rifabutin 450 mg/day, and clofazimine 100 mg/day, or placebo (n = 165) for up to 52 weeks. A greater proportion of RHB-104 versus placebo-treated patients met the primary endpoint-remission (i.e., CDAI < 150)-at week 26 (36.7% [61/166] vs. 22.4% [37/165], respectively; 95% CI for difference: 4.6, 24.0, p = 0.0048; chi-square test). Clinical response (reduction of CDAI by ≥100 points from baseline) at week 26 (first secondary endpoint) was also higher among the patients treated with RHB-104 (73/166 [44.0%]) compared with placebo (50/165 [30.3%]; 95% CI for difference: 3.4, 24.0, p = 0.0116), and it remained higher at week 52 among the patients treated with RHB-104 (59/166 [35.5%] vs. (35/165 [21.2%] for placebo; 95% CI for difference: 4.7, 23.9, p = 0.0042). A statistically significantly greater decline in FCP (another prospective efficacy endpoint) was also observed in RHB-104-treated patients, compared with placebo, at weeks 12, 26, and 52. The rates of serious adverse events were similar between groups (RHB-104: 18.7%; placebo: 18.8%). No patient died during the study. Antimicrobial therapy directed against MAP resulted in significantly greater improvement in clinical and laboratory (FCP) measures of active Crohn's disease.
{"title":"Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Anti-Mycobacterial Therapy (RHB-104) in Active Crohn's Disease.","authors":"David Y Graham, Saleh A Naser, Thomas Borody, Zbigniew Hebzda, Harry Sarles, Scott Levenson, Robert Hardi, Tomasz Arłukowicz, Petar Svorcan, Reza Fathi, Aida Bibliowicz, Patricia Anderson, Patrick McLean, Clara Fehrmann, M Scott Harris, Shuhong Zhao, Ira N Kalfus","doi":"10.3390/antibiotics13080694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13080694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study, conducted between 4 October 2013, and 30 November 2018, tested the hypothesis that triple antimicrobial therapy, targeting <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subspecies <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP), long considered a putative cause, would favorably affect Crohn's disease. A double-blind multicenter study of adults with active Crohn's disease, (i.e., Crohn's Disease Activity Index [CDAI] 220-450 plus C-reactive protein ≥ 1.0 mg/dL, fecal calprotectin (FCP) >162.9 µg/g stool, or recent endoscopic or radiographic confirmation of active disease) receiving concomitant standard-of-care Crohn's disease treatment (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01951326) were stratified by anti-tumor necrosis factor use and randomized (1:1) to anti-MAP RHB-104 (clarithromycin 95 mg, rifabutin 45 mg, and clofazimine 10 mg per capsule) (n = 166), resulting in clarithromycin 950 mg/day, rifabutin 450 mg/day, and clofazimine 100 mg/day, or placebo (n = 165) for up to 52 weeks. A greater proportion of RHB-104 versus placebo-treated patients met the primary endpoint-remission (i.e., CDAI < 150)-at week 26 (36.7% [61/166] vs. 22.4% [37/165], respectively; 95% CI for difference: 4.6, 24.0, <i>p</i> = 0.0048; chi-square test). Clinical response (reduction of CDAI by ≥100 points from baseline) at week 26 (first secondary endpoint) was also higher among the patients treated with RHB-104 (73/166 [44.0%]) compared with placebo (50/165 [30.3%]; 95% CI for difference: 3.4, 24.0, <i>p</i> = 0.0116), and it remained higher at week 52 among the patients treated with RHB-104 (59/166 [35.5%] vs. (35/165 [21.2%] for placebo; 95% CI for difference: 4.7, 23.9, <i>p</i> = 0.0042). A statistically significantly greater decline in FCP (another prospective efficacy endpoint) was also observed in RHB-104-treated patients, compared with placebo, at weeks 12, 26, and 52. The rates of serious adverse events were similar between groups (RHB-104: 18.7%; placebo: 18.8%). No patient died during the study. Antimicrobial therapy directed against MAP resulted in significantly greater improvement in clinical and laboratory (FCP) measures of active Crohn's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":54246,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11350828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}