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Mapping analysis of farmers' perceptions of rice straw valorization in Indonesia 印度尼西亚农民对稻草价值化看法的绘图分析
IF 5.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101021
Erry Ika Rhofita , Rachid Ouaret , Ludovic Montastruc , Michel Meyer

Through Government Regulation No. 79, issued in 2014 on National Energy Development, the Indonesian government aimed to diversify raw materials from biomass, including rice straw, an abundant resource. To realize the national goals, farmers' participation in rice straw utilization and management plays an essential role in determining the direction and succession of these valorization programs by considering sustainability aspects. Statistical analysis by clustering methods using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) was employed to visualize and extract information about farmers' willingness and participation. The survey results of 300 farmers in three regions of East Java found that most farmers utilized rice straw in small portions, depending on the weather, for animal feed and planting purposes, such as mushroom media planting, fertilizer, and mulch. More than 60% of farmers have a significant perception that better rice straw management, when complemented by the government's role in supporting physical and nonphysical facilities, will improve farmers' socioeconomic quality and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. The findings of this study will help to minimize the challenges and barriers to bioenergy development and optimize their opportunities by continuing to synergize to set future strategies.

印度尼西亚政府于 2014 年颁布了关于国家能源发展的第 79 号政府条例,旨在实现生物质原材料的多样化,其中包括资源丰富的稻草。为了实现国家目标,农民在稻草利用和管理中的参与发挥着至关重要的作用,这将决定这些价值化计划的方向和继承,并考虑到可持续性问题。本研究采用多重对应分析(MCA)和分层聚类(HAC)的聚类方法进行统计分析,以可视化的方式提取有关农民意愿和参与情况的信息。对东爪哇三个地区 300 名农民的调查结果发现,大多数农民根据天气情况小部分利用稻草作为动物饲料和种植用途,如蘑菇培养基种植、肥料和地膜。超过 60% 的农民认为,如果政府在支持有形和无形设施方面发挥作用,更好的稻草管理将提高农民的社会经济质量并减少温室气体排放。这项研究的结果将有助于最大限度地减少生物能源发展所面临的挑战和障碍,并通过继续协同制定未来战略来优化其机遇。
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引用次数: 0
Accessibility and utilization of climate information services for decision-making in smallholder farming: Insights from Limpopo Province, South Africa 气候信息服务在小农农业决策中的可及性和利用:南非林波波省的启示
IF 5.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101020
Lindumusa Myeni , Nkosazana Mahleba , Sabelo Mazibuko , Mokhele Edmond Moeletsi , Kingsley Ayisi , Mitsuru Tsubo

The availability, accessibility and use of weather and climate information services (CIS) are essential to enable farmers to minimize losses due to climatic uncertainties and take advantage of opportunities presented by favourable climatic conditions. This study examines the key challenges and determinants of access and the utilization of CIS by smallholder farmers in the drylands of South Africa, using Limpopo Province as the case study. Primary data were collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire administered from 240 households and were validated through focus group discussions with key local informants. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis and a binary logistic model were used for data analysis. The results indicated that most smallholder farmers had access to the daily weather forecasts (76%) that are mainly broadcasted via radio (66%) and television (63%), while very few had access to other types of CIS such as seasonal weather forecasts (7%) and early warnings (10%). The results indicate that most smallholder farmers (56%) were not using any CIS in planning their farm activities. This was mainly due to unreliability, lack of tailored and local-specific CIS (farm or community level) as well as language barriers, difficulty in understanding, decoding and use of supplied information for decision-making. The results also showed that the accessibility and utilization of CIS varies across different locations due to their differences in terms of customs, access to resources and levels of prioritizing farming as a major source of livelihood. The results further indicated that farming being a major occupation and awareness of climate variability were the main factors determining the accessibility of CIS, while utilization of CIS was additionally determined by the level of education and understating of climate change in the study area. The access to internet and mobile applications, awareness campaigns, capacity-building initiatives and co-production of local-specific CIS accompanied by agrometeorological advisories are recommended to overcome these barriers to the access and use of CIS.

天气和气候信息服务(CIS)的提供、获取和使用对农民最大限度地减少气候不确定性造成的损失并利用有利气候条件带来的机遇至关重要。本研究以林波波省为案例,探讨了南非干旱地区小农在获取和利用 CIS 方面面临的主要挑战和决定因素。原始数据是通过向 240 户农户发放事先经过测试的结构化问卷收集的,并通过与当地主要信息提供者进行焦点小组讨论加以验证。数据分析采用了描述性统计、频率分析和二元逻辑模型。结果表明,大多数小农户都能获得主要通过广播(66%)和电视(63%)播出的每日天气预报(76%),而极少数人能获得其他类型的 CIS,如季节性天气预报(7%)和预警(10%)。结果表明,大多数小农(56%)在规划其农业活动时没有使用任何 CIS。这主要是由于 CIS 不可靠、缺乏量身定制和针对当地情况的 CIS(农场或社区层面)以及语言障碍,难以理解、解码和使用所提供的信息进行决策。研究结果还表明,由于各地的风俗习惯、获取资源的途径以及将农业作为主要生计来源的优先程度不同,因此各地获取和利用 CIS 的情况也不尽相同。研究结果进一步表明,农业作为主要职业和对气候多变性的认识是决定能否获得 CIS 的主要因素,而教育水平和对研究地区气候变化的了解程度则是决定能否利用 CIS 的额外因素。为克服获取和使用 CIS 的这些障碍,建议开展互联网和移动应用程序的接入、宣传活动、能力建设举措以及共同制作具有地方特色的 CIS,同时提供农业气象建议。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond tree planting: Mobilizing a global production network for savanna restoration in Brazil 植树之外:动员全球生产网络促进巴西热带稀树草原的恢复
IF 5.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101017
Thaís Franco Montenegro , Danilo Urzedo , Isabel Belloni Schmidt

Emerging global production networks innovate the supply of restoration products and services to reverse degraded ecosystems globally. Yet, savanna restoration interventions often neglect diverse plant life forms and planting techniques in implementing large-scale pledges. Drawing on global production network analysis, we examine how the configuration of savanna restoration practices in Brazil influences decision-making processes and outcomes. Our assessment of a case study in Central Brazil reveals a myriad of forces affecting the interconnections between institutional drivers, markets, and supply systems for restoration actions across multiple scales. Prevailing policies and regulations often disregard diverse expertise, economic strategies, and socio-cultural perspectives when setting savanna restoration priorities and incentives. While we identify different buyers influencing market demands to meet mandatory or voluntary environmental compliance, a wide range of suppliers remakes savanna restoration actions according to regional contexts. The experiences of community-led plant material supply systems in Central Brazil showcase collective organization that enables situated socio-technical innovations to link a high diversity of non-tree species with livelihood outcomes. This study contributes to revealing how institutional drivers and restoration markets assert political authority and commercial objectives in multifaceted decisions, while community partnerships catalyze place-based savanna restoration innovations.

新兴的全球生产网络创新了恢复产品和服务的供应,以扭转全球退化的生态系统。然而,热带稀树草原恢复干预措施在实施大规模承诺时往往忽略了多种植物生命形式和种植技术。利用全球生产网络分析,我们研究了巴西热带稀树草原恢复实践的配置如何影响决策过程和结果。我们对巴西中部的一个案例研究进行了评估,结果表明,有无数的力量影响着机构驱动力、市场和供应系统之间的相互联系,从而影响着多种规模的恢复行动。在确定热带稀树草原恢复的优先事项和激励措施时,现行政策和法规往往忽视不同的专业知识、经济战略和社会文化观点。我们发现,不同的买家会影响市场需求,以满足强制性或自愿性的环境合规要求,而广泛的供应商则会根据地区背景重新制定稀树草原恢复行动。巴西中部以社区为主导的植物材料供应系统的经验展示了集体组织的能力,这种能力使社会技术创新能够将非树木物种的高度多样性与生计成果联系起来。这项研究有助于揭示机构驱动因素和恢复市场如何在多方面决策中维护政治权威和商业目标,同时社区伙伴关系如何促进基于地方的热带稀树草原恢复创新。
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引用次数: 0
Climate change and household food security in the Himalayas: A systematic review of the challenges and household adaptative measures 喜马拉雅山脉的气候变化与家庭粮食安全:对挑战和家庭适应措施的系统审查
IF 5.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101019
Deepen Chettri , Pritha Datta , Bhagirath Behera

Climate change profoundly impacts Himalayan communities, jeopardizing food security across all dimensions: availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability. However, existing literature lacks a comprehensive synthesis of these effects and adaptive measures. This study conducts a systematic review of literature sourced from Scopus and Web of Science and identifies the impacts of climate change on household food security and the adaptive measures employed by Himalayan households. The review identifies various impact pathways (48 studies), such as reduced crop productivity (79.2%), effects on livestock (39.6%), and disruptions in food supply chains (29.2%), all of which influence food availability. Accessibility is hindered by reduced income (64.6%) and climate-driven price hikes (18.8%). Utilization suffers from water and sanitation challenges (50%), increased pests (60.4%), and reduced food quality (16.7%). Stability is compromised by extreme events (56.3%), migration (27.1%), and human-wildlife conflicts (14.6%). Additionally, the review identified 30 adaptive measures implemented by the households (23 studies), primarily addressing availability (18 measures), with fewer focusing on accessibility (3 measures), utilization (5 measures), and stability (4 measures). Interventions like improving income stability, food affordability, water and sanitation infrastructure, climate-resilient agriculture, and developing strategies to mitigate the impacts of extreme weather events and human-wildlife conflicts will likely benefit household food security. The findings hold global significance for informing policies and practices in other vulnerable regions facing similar climatic challenges.

气候变化对喜马拉雅社区产生了深远影响,危及粮食安全的各个方面:可用性、可及性、利用率和稳定性。然而,现有文献缺乏对这些影响和适应措施的全面综述。本研究对来自 Scopus 和 Web of Science 的文献进行了系统性审查,确定了气候变化对家庭粮食安全的影响以及喜马拉雅家庭采用的适应措施。综述确定了各种影响途径(48 项研究),如作物生产力下降(79.2%)、对牲畜的影响(39.6%)和粮食供应链中断(29.2%),所有这些都会影响粮食供应。收入减少(64.6%)和气候导致的价格上涨(18.8%)阻碍了粮食的可获得性。水和卫生方面的挑战(50%)、虫害的增加(60.4%)以及食品质量的下降(16.7%)影响了粮食的利用。极端事件(56.3%)、移民(27.1%)和人类与野生动物冲突(14.6%)损害了稳定性。此外,审查还确定了家庭实施的 30 项适应性措施(23 项研究),主要针对可获得性(18 项措施),较少侧重于可获取性(3 项措施)、利用率(5 项措施)和稳定性(4 项措施)。改善收入的稳定性、粮食的可负担性、水和卫生基础设施、气候适应性农业,以及制定减轻极端天气事件和人类与野生动物冲突影响的战略等干预措施很可能有利于家庭粮食安全。这些研究结果对面临类似气候挑战的其他脆弱地区的政策和实践具有全球意义。
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引用次数: 0
Resistance to decentralised natural resource governance: Taiwan's Chiku wildlife refuge 自然资源分散治理的阻力:台湾筑野生动物保护区
IF 5.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101018
Anna V. Matevosyan , Andreas Neef , Dau-Jye Lu

Natural resource governance regimes are increasingly engaging various actors at multiple levels to address sustainability challenges. In this context, as a governance strategy, decentralisation – or the transfer of power from central to local authorities – is expected to improve service delivery, accountability, and participation. The paper examines whether decentralisation in wildlife refuge politics in Taiwan delivers these outcomes; what factors influence local governments’ capacities and powers to manage Chiku wildlife refuge in Taiwan; and what accountability mechanisms decentralisation policies enable. Multiple levels of governance are resistant to decentralisation, due to lack of ability and resources, evolving incentive structures, and conflicting regulations in a fragmented jurisdictional context. According to the findings, local authorities are becoming less engaged, agencies involved lack coordination, and accountability mechanisms are inadequate. The potential benefits of decentralisation are therefore hard to achieve.

自然资源治理制度正越来越多地让多层次的各种参与者参与进来,以应对可持续性挑战。在此背景下,作为一种治理策略,权力下放(或权力从中央转移到地方当局)有望改善服务提供、问责制和参与度。本文探讨了台湾野生动物保护区政治中的权力下放是否会带来这些结果;哪些因素会影响地方政府管理台湾筑湖野生动物保护区的能力和权力;以及权力下放政策会促成哪些问责机制。由于缺乏能力和资源、不断演变的激励结构以及分散管辖背景下相互冲突的法规,多层次的治理对权力下放产生了抵触情绪。研究结果表明,地方当局的参与度越来越低,相关机构缺乏协调,问责机制不健全。因此,权力下放的潜在好处很难实现。
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引用次数: 0
Anaerobic digestion or composting? Small-scale plants design and holistic evaluations in a Sub-Saharan African context 厌氧消化还是堆肥?撒哈拉以南非洲地区的小型工厂设计和整体评估
IF 5.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101008
Pietro Castellani , Navarro Ferronato , Jacopo Barbieri , Vincenzo Torretta

In small developing settings, is it worth building anaerobic digestion (AD) or composting plants? This study explores the economic, management, and environmental dimensions of two small-scale alternatives for organic fraction municipal solid waste (OFMSW) treatment within the context of Lacor Hospital (Uganda): aerated static pile composting (S1) and AD with digestate composting (S2), both designed to manage approximately 347.5 tOFMSW annually. In the optimistic scenario, S1 achieves a cost savings of about −2.9 USD tOFMSW−1, while S2 incurs costs of 2.1 USD tOFMSW−1. In the pessimistic scenario, S1's costs rise to 3.9 USD tOFMSW−1, while S2 becomes more expensive at 9.5 USD tOFMSW−1. Management analysis underlines S2's complexity due to AD operations and digestate drying. Total normalized environmental impacts of S1 can be quantified with about 0.125 mPt tOFMSW−1, whereas S2 is equal to about −6.163 mPt tOFMSW−1. However, in an optimistic scenario, climate change endpoint category results are similar. On balance, the LCA analysis indicates that AD can be better than standalone composting. However, in developing settings serving approximately 3000 inhabitants, it is crucial to prioritize economic and management sustainability that can be obtained only by small-scale composting plants. These findings provide definite insights for small-scale waste management projects in low-income regions, offering valuable data and references for plant design and their replicability. The study sets the ultimate definition of the most feasible option to treat OFMSW in low-income settings: community composting. Unfortunately, economic barriers remain the main challenge: citizens should pay for the service and landfill management fees should be set by local governments.

在小型发展中环境中,是否值得建造厌氧消化(AD)或堆肥厂?本研究以乌干达拉科尔医院为背景,探讨了处理城市有机固体废弃物(OFMSW)的两种小规模替代方案的经济、管理和环境方面的问题:充气静态堆肥(S1)和厌氧消化与沼渣堆肥(S2),这两种方案的设计目标都是每年处理约 347.5 吨城市有机固体废弃物(OFMSW)。在乐观情况下,S1 可节约成本约 -2.9 美元 tOFMSW-1,而 S2 的成本为 2.1 美元 tOFMSW-1。在悲观情况下,S1 的成本上升到 3.9 美元 tOFMSW-1,而 S2 则变得更加昂贵,达到 9.5 美元 tOFMSW-1。管理分析强调了 S2 因厌氧发酵操作和沼渣干燥而产生的复杂性。S1 对环境的总归一化影响可量化为约 0.125 mPt tOFMSW-1,而 S2 则相当于约 -6.163 mPt tOFMSW-1。不过,在乐观情况下,气候变化终点类别的结果是相似的。总的来说,生命周期评估分析表明,厌氧消化(AD)比独立堆肥更好。不过,在为大约 3000 名居民服务的发展中环境中,必须优先考虑经济和管理的可持续性,而这只有小型堆肥厂才能实现。这些发现为低收入地区的小型废物管理项目提供了明确的见解,为工厂设计及其可复制性提供了宝贵的数据和参考。这项研究最终确定了在低收入环境中处理外源有害物质的最可行方案:社区堆肥。遗憾的是,经济障碍仍是主要挑战:公民应为服务付费,垃圾填埋场管理费应由地方政府制定。
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引用次数: 0
The plural realities of plant invasions in India: A review of impacts to wellbeing 印度植物入侵的多元现实:回顾对福祉的影响
IF 5.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101003
Ramya Ravi , Ankila J. Hiremath

The ecological impacts of invasive alien species are well known, as are the large-scale economic losses caused by these species. Less well known are the impacts of these species on human wellbeing. In developing countries, like India, where a large proportion of the population is rural and intricately dependent on natural resources for its sustenance, the impacts of invasive species on people's wellbeing are likely to be as important as their ecological impacts. In this paper, we undertake a qualitative review of the literature on impacts of invasive alien species, specifically plants, on human wellbeing in India. Our results show that impacts are diverse across various aspects of wellbeing and are both positive or negative based on local contexts. This plurality is indicative of the need for a more nuanced approach to impact analysis and stakeholder mapping. We use constituents of human wellbeing as outlined in the Socioeconomic Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (SEICAT) and the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) to analyze invasive plant impacts, identify knowledge gaps, and discuss recommendations for future research on impacts of invasive species. Although the widespread natural resource dependency among rural, tribal, and other marginalized communities of India gives biological invasions a socioeconomic dimension (due to impacts of invasion on these resources), the human and social dimensions of species invasions have been neglected compared to their ecological dimension. We suggest that understanding the pluralities of wellbeing circumstances with invasive species could help improve policies for management of invasive species in India.

外来入侵物种对生态的影响众所周知,这些物种造成的大规模经济损失也众所周知。但这些物种对人类福祉的影响却鲜为人知。在印度这样的发展中国家,农村人口占很大比例,他们的生计严重依赖自然资源,因此外来入侵物种对人类福祉的影响可能与其生态影响同样重要。在本文中,我们对有关外来入侵物种(特别是植物)对印度人类福祉影响的文献进行了定性综述。我们的研究结果表明,外来入侵物种对人类福祉各方面的影响是多种多样的,根据当地的具体情况既有积极影响,也有消极影响。这种多样性表明,我们需要一种更加细致入微的方法来进行影响分析和利益相关者绘图。我们利用外来物种社会经济影响分类(SEICAT)和可持续生计框架(SLF)中概述的人类福祉要素来分析入侵植物的影响,找出知识差距,并讨论未来研究入侵物种影响的建议。虽然印度的农村、部落和其他边缘化社区普遍依赖自然资源,这使得生物入侵具有社会经济层面(由于入侵对这些资源的影响),但与生态层面相比,物种入侵的人类和社会层面一直被忽视。我们认为,了解入侵物种所带来的多元化福祉环境有助于改善印度的入侵物种管理政策。
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引用次数: 0
A systematic literature review of sensory-related sustainable product design 与感官相关的可持续产品设计系统文献综述
IF 5.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.100993
Jing Luo , Leyi Wu , Yan Luximon

Despite the tremendous social development and economic prosperity brought about by technological progress, the environment of our planet is gradually deteriorating. In this context, the peaceful rise of green product consumption offers a practical solution. Consumers are becoming more aware of environmental issues. Among sustainable product studies, we can find that sensory design can impact consumers’ consumption decisions. In this study, we use COOC 13.4 and VOSviewer to map and explore research on sustainable products related to sensory science and consumers. We collected 779 papers as data between 2017 and 2022 from Web of Science, Engineering Village, and Scopus. After literature filtering, the existing studies were divided into four main categories: studies on sustainable design considering visuals with consumption, design studies related to health sustainability, sensory-related sustainable products considering consumer experience design, and design research on fuzzy mathematical methods. In addition, we summarize three elements that represent current research hotspots: the role of the consumer, the focus on sensory-related sustainable design, and the impact of sensory science on sustainable products. Finally, recommendations are offered to inform and enhance this field for future researchers.

尽管科技进步带来了巨大的社会发展和经济繁荣,但我们的地球环境却在逐渐恶化。在这种情况下,绿色产品消费的和平兴起提供了一个切实可行的解决方案。消费者的环保意识越来越强。在可持续产品研究中,我们可以发现感官设计会影响消费者的消费决策。在本研究中,我们使用 COOC 13.4 和 VOSviewer 来绘制和探索与感官科学和消费者相关的可持续产品研究。我们从 Web of Science、Engineering Village 和 Scopus 收集了 2017 年至 2022 年间的 779 篇论文作为数据。经过文献筛选,现有研究被分为四大类:考虑视觉与消费的可持续设计研究、与健康可持续性相关的设计研究、考虑消费者体验设计的感官相关可持续产品以及模糊数学方法的设计研究。此外,我们还总结了代表当前研究热点的三个要素:消费者的作用、对与感官相关的可持续设计的关注以及感官科学对可持续产品的影响。最后,我们为未来的研究人员提供了一些建议,以充实和加强这一领域的研究。
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引用次数: 0
A thorough assessment of various forest management planning initiatives and development of improvement strategies towards an ecosystem-based planning 全面评估各种森林管理规划倡议,并制定改进战略,以实现基于生态系统的规划
IF 5.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101006
Emin Zeki Baskent

Management planning for forests in Turkey has undergone gradual evolution over the last century. Developing and implementing a comprehensive management planning framework present significant challenges. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of various forest management planning approaches implemented across the country over different time periods, with overarching planning principles. It formulates a robust planning framework and proposes improvements grounded in scientific advancements and international standards. The assessment indicated that the management plans were developed using reputable scientific methods and principles aimed at ensuring the sustainable management of forest resources with certain strengths and opportunities presented by SWOT analysis. All management plans shared a common planning concept primarily focused on maximizing wood production through the area-control harvest scheduling method (except for continuous cover forest, which employed the single tree selection method). Each management plan established its unique vision, targets, policies, objectives, and planning guidelines. Forest inventory data were gathered through a combination of ground surveys and remotely sensed data to characterize and stratify the landscape. A robust in-house management authority and governance system with appropriate technical capacity and guidelines were developed and implemented, fostering a sound common working culture and tools. However, some notable drawbacks were identified, including political pressure, biomass/carbon accounting, growth-yield modelling, economic analysis, limited characterization of the full range of ecosystem services, risk and uncertainty analysis, food security and, particularly, long-term sustainability and scenario analysis with the appropriate decision-making tools and methods. Despite a few strengths, these limitations may raise concerns about the far-sighted design and application, potentially jeopardizing the sustainable management of forest ecosystems. Proposed improvement strategies for an efficient forest ecosystem management planning system include characterization of ecosystem services, modelling their productivity, scenario analysis with a decision support system, stakeholder involvement, balancing utilization and conservation targets, conducting risk and uncertainty analysis and economic analysis of management actions.

土耳其的森林管理规划在上个世纪经历了逐步演变。制定和实施全面的管理规划框架是一项重大挑战。本文根据总体规划原则,评估了全国各地在不同时期实施的各种森林管理规划方法的有效性。它制定了一个强有力的规划框架,并根据科学进步和国际标准提出了改进建议。评估结果表明,管理计划的制定采用了著名的科学方法和原则,旨在确保森林资源的可持续管理,并通过 SWOT 分析展现了某些优势和机遇。所有管理计划都有一个共同的规划理念,主要侧重于通过面积控制采伐调度法最大限度地提高木材产量(采用单树选择法的连续覆盖林除外)。每个管理计划都制定了独特的愿景、目标、政策、目的和规划准则。通过地面调查和遥感数据相结合的方式收集森林资源数据,以确定地貌特征并进行分层。制定并实施了具有适当技术能力和指导方针的强有力的内部管理机构和治理系统,培养了良好的共同工作文化和工具。然而,也发现了一些明显的缺点,包括政治压力、生物量/碳核算、增长-产量建模、经济分析、对全部生态系统服务的有限描述、风险和不确定性分析、粮食安全,特别是长期可持续性和采用适当决策工具和方法的情景分析。尽管有一些优点,但这些局限性可能会引起人们对高瞻远瞩的设计和应用的担忧,从而可能危及森林生态系统的可持续管理。高效森林生态系统管理规划系统的拟议改进战略包括生态系统服务特征描述、其生产力建模、利用决策支持系统进行情景分析、利益相关者参与、平衡利用和保护目标、进行风险和不确定性分析以及对管理行动进行经济分析。
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引用次数: 0
A composite indicator-based method to assess the energy security of Nepal and prospects of cross-border electricity sharing in South Asia 基于综合指标的方法评估尼泊尔的能源安全和南亚跨境电力共享的前景
IF 5.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101002
Utsav Bhattarai , Tek Maraseni , Laxmi Devkota , Armando Apan

Scholars recommend country (or region) specific energy security indices capable of adequately considering local specificities in the absence of a ‘universal’ index. Such an index is not available for Nepal. Hence, this study is the first to develop the Energy Security Composite Index of Nepal (ESCOIN), applying a comprehensive indicator-based approach to quantify energy security (ES) of Nepal. We build upon the notion that a country is able to trade energy when it is energy secure. We quantify Nepal's energy security and qualitatively assess the prospect for regional power trade in South Asia. A long list of 77 indicators is compiled from an extensive review of international literature. Based on the context, applicability to Nepal, data availability and conditions of multi-collinearity, this list of indicators is narrowed down to 21. Principal Component Analysis is then applied to evaluate the importance of the components for ESCOIN. Our results show that Nepal has consistently held a boundary position between “moderate” to “high” classes of ES in the last decade. We identify key reasons for this. First, the country's domestic sector is over-reliant on traditional fuels (dry-dung, firewood and agricultural residues). Second, Nepal faces a problem of suppressed demand in the absence of energy-intensive development activities in all productive sectors of the economy. Third, the growth in the energy demand is met only marginally by domestic hydropower and other renewables, and largely by increasing imports. Hence, we surmise a ‘pseudo energy secure’ state for Nepal. Although efforts are underway, electricity trade with China, Bangladesh and other South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries is economically difficult and technically challenging. Hence, cross-border electricity trading, particularly with India, can be seen as an opportunity for Nepal provided considerable infrastructural development occurs, institutional capacity is strengthened, and genuine political commitment and trust are sustained. Moreover, Nepal should focus on achieving self-sufficiency in energy through domestic hydropower and renewable sources and aim to stabilize energy consumption rather than being overly ambitious of exports, at least in the near future.

学者们建议,在缺乏 "通用 "指数的情况下,应采用能够充分考虑当地具体情况的国家(或地区)能源安全指数。尼泊尔还没有这样的指数。因此,本研究首次开发了尼泊尔能源安全综合指数(ESCOIN),采用基于指标的综合方法来量化尼泊尔的能源安全(ES)。我们所依据的概念是:当一个国家能源安全时,它就能够进行能源贸易。我们对尼泊尔的能源安全进行量化,并对南亚地区电力贸易的前景进行定性评估。通过广泛查阅国际文献,我们编制了一份长达 77 项指标的清单。根据背景、对尼泊尔的适用性、数据可用性和多重共线性条件,我们将指标清单缩小到 21 个。然后采用主成分分析法来评估这些成分对 ESCOIN 的重要性。我们的结果表明,在过去十年中,尼泊尔的环境质量一直处于 "中等 "到 "高等 "之间。我们找出了其中的主要原因。首先,该国的国内部门过度依赖传统燃料(干粪、木柴和农业残留物)。其次,由于尼泊尔所有经济生产部门都没有开展能源密集型发展活动,尼泊尔面临着需求被抑制的问题。第三,国内水力发电和其他可再生能源只能满足少量的能源需求增长,而大部分能源需求则要依靠不断增加的进口。因此,我们推测尼泊尔将处于 "伪能源安全 "状态。尽管尼泊尔正在努力与中国、孟加拉国和其他南亚区域合作联盟(SAARC)国家开展电力贸易,但这在经济上是困难的,在技术上也是具有挑战性的。因此,跨境电力贸易,尤其是与印度的跨境电力贸易,可以被视为尼泊尔的一个机遇,但前提是必须大力发展基础设施,加强机构能力,并保持真正的政治承诺和信任。此外,尼泊尔应将重点放在通过国内水电和可再生能源实现能源自给自足上,并以稳定能源消耗为目标,而不是过分追求出口,至少在不久的将来是这样。
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Environmental Development
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