Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.247
Wang Kang , Weiyi Gong , Jinshan He , Xitao Wang
The superior low-temperature toughness in the low-carbon microalloyed Q500 steel is obtained by finish rolling in the dual-phase (Austenite + Ferrite, A + F) region without sacrificing the yield strength. In comparison with Steel Ⅰ finish-rolled in the austenite non-recrystallization region (ANR region), the impact energy at −60 °C of Steel Ⅱ has been improved by 174 J, reaching 226 J and the yield strength has also been enhanced by 63 MPa. By visualization and quantification of crystallographic structures, the differences of low-temperature toughness can be ascribed to different variant selection mechanisms and uniformly dispersed M-A constituents. The weakening of variant selection occurs in Steel Ⅱ finish-rolled in the A + F region. More high-angle packet boundaries contributing to high toughness can be obtained, especially the boundaries of V1/V10 (&V14) and V1/V18 (&V22). Then again, the large density of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) can serve as high-speed channels for carbon diffusion. Therefore, M-A constituents are dispersedly distributed within the ferrite with small size, which are also beneficial to enhance the low-temperature toughness.
{"title":"The superior low temperature toughness in a low-carbon microalloyed Q500 steel by finish rolling in dual-phase region","authors":"Wang Kang , Weiyi Gong , Jinshan He , Xitao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The superior low-temperature toughness in the low-carbon microalloyed Q500 steel is obtained by finish rolling in the dual-phase (Austenite + Ferrite, A + F) region without sacrificing the yield strength. In comparison with Steel Ⅰ finish-rolled in the austenite non-recrystallization region (ANR region), the impact energy at −60 °C of Steel Ⅱ has been improved by 174 J, reaching 226 J and the yield strength has also been enhanced by 63 MPa. By visualization and quantification of crystallographic structures, the differences of low-temperature toughness can be ascribed to different variant selection mechanisms and uniformly dispersed M-A constituents. The weakening of variant selection occurs in Steel Ⅱ finish-rolled in the A + F region. More high-angle packet boundaries contributing to high toughness can be obtained, especially the boundaries of V1/V10 (&V14) and V1/V18 (&V22). Then again, the large density of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) can serve as high-speed channels for carbon diffusion. Therefore, M-A constituents are dispersedly distributed within the ferrite with small size, which are also beneficial to enhance the low-temperature toughness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 1193-1201"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.201
Yuan Zhang, Xiangyang Liu, Jiangtao Wang, Xu Zhang, Ningfei Wang
Biaxial tension is a critical load throughout the entire life cycle of solid rocket motors, substantially influencing the structural integrity of composite solid propellant grains. The failure criterion of a material is highly dependent on its mechanical response characteristics. Thus, stress calculation methods using a constant load transfer coefficient (LTC) fail to accurately capture the actual stress state. This approach tends to introduce substantial computational errors. Therefore, investigating the mechanical behavior characterization and failure criteria of solid propellants under biaxial tensile loads has theoretical importance and engineering value. This study conducted biaxial tensile tests on composite solid propellant at three strain rates (0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 s−1) using digital image correlation. A stress field solution method based on the nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model was developed, revealing the evolution pattern of the LTC during tensile deformation. A biaxial tensile failure criterion parameterized by three stress invariants (I1, J2, and J3) was also established. Results demonstrate that under non-equal biaxial tension, the crack initiation locations and propagation directions show remarkable differences compared to equal biaxial conditions, with cracks propagating bidirectionally perpendicular to the principal strain directions. The LTC exhibits a characteristic three-stage evolution pattern during biaxial tension: “constant phase–rapid decline–gradual decline.” Stress calculation methods that use a constant LTC may introduce relative errors up to 25.3 %. Compared to existing typical failure criteria, the proposed criterion effectively captures the strength enhancement effect of composite solid propellants under biaxial tension and demonstrates smaller fitting errors across different strain rates.
{"title":"Stress characteristics and failure criterion of composite solid propellant under biaxial tensile loading","authors":"Yuan Zhang, Xiangyang Liu, Jiangtao Wang, Xu Zhang, Ningfei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biaxial tension is a critical load throughout the entire life cycle of solid rocket motors, substantially influencing the structural integrity of composite solid propellant grains. The failure criterion of a material is highly dependent on its mechanical response characteristics. Thus, stress calculation methods using a constant load transfer coefficient (LTC) fail to accurately capture the actual stress state. This approach tends to introduce substantial computational errors. Therefore, investigating the mechanical behavior characterization and failure criteria of solid propellants under biaxial tensile loads has theoretical importance and engineering value. This study conducted biaxial tensile tests on composite solid propellant at three strain rates (0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 s<sup>−1</sup>) using digital image correlation. A stress field solution method based on the nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model was developed, revealing the evolution pattern of the LTC during tensile deformation. A biaxial tensile failure criterion parameterized by three stress invariants (I<sub>1</sub>, J<sub>2</sub>, and J<sub>3</sub>) was also established. Results demonstrate that under non-equal biaxial tension, the crack initiation locations and propagation directions show remarkable differences compared to equal biaxial conditions, with cracks propagating bidirectionally perpendicular to the principal strain directions. The LTC exhibits a characteristic three-stage evolution pattern during biaxial tension: “constant phase–rapid decline–gradual decline.” Stress calculation methods that use a constant LTC may introduce relative errors up to 25.3 %. Compared to existing typical failure criteria, the proposed criterion effectively captures the strength enhancement effect of composite solid propellants under biaxial tension and demonstrates smaller fitting errors across different strain rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 1154-1164"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.198
Chuan Wang , Rui Zhong , Yue Liu , He Jiang , Jianxin Dong
This study investigates the post-dynamic recrystallization (PDRX) behavior of the nickel-based superalloy Waspaloy under sub-solvus conditions. We demonstrate that the conventional direct heating deformation method significantly underestimates the material's microstructural evolution potential, as it fails to replicate the cooling history of actual industrial hot forming processes. To address this, two thermomechanical paths were designed: direct heating deformation and an innovative step-cooling deformation. Remarkably, the step-cooling path promoted extensive PDRX, yielding a uniform fine-grained microstructure. In contrast, PDRX was strongly suppressed in the direct heating specimens. Microstructural analysis indicates that during direct heating, dynamic recrystallization dissolves γ′ precipitates within recrystallized grains, creating a heterogeneous structure where γ′-rich deformed grains exerted a strong pinning force that halted further PDRX. The step-cooling path, by maintaining a ∼50 °C window between γ′ precipitation and dissolution, enabled rapid PDRX in a γ′-free matrix. This work highlights that accurately replicating the industrial thermal history is critical for evaluating the microstructure evolution of phase-transforming superalloys. The step-cooling method provides a more scientifically valid approach compared to conventional direct heating.
{"title":"Post-dynamic recrystallization in a Ni-based Waspaloy under non-isothermal sub-solvus thermomechanical processing","authors":"Chuan Wang , Rui Zhong , Yue Liu , He Jiang , Jianxin Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the post-dynamic recrystallization (PDRX) behavior of the nickel-based superalloy Waspaloy under sub-solvus conditions. We demonstrate that the conventional direct heating deformation method significantly underestimates the material's microstructural evolution potential, as it fails to replicate the cooling history of actual industrial hot forming processes. To address this, two thermomechanical paths were designed: direct heating deformation and an innovative step-cooling deformation. Remarkably, the step-cooling path promoted extensive PDRX, yielding a uniform fine-grained microstructure. In contrast, PDRX was strongly suppressed in the direct heating specimens. Microstructural analysis indicates that during direct heating, dynamic recrystallization dissolves γ′ precipitates within recrystallized grains, creating a heterogeneous structure where γ′-rich deformed grains exerted a strong pinning force that halted further PDRX. The step-cooling path, by maintaining a ∼50 °C window between γ′ precipitation and dissolution, enabled rapid PDRX in a γ′-free matrix. This work highlights that accurately replicating the industrial thermal history is critical for evaluating the microstructure evolution of phase-transforming superalloys. The step-cooling method provides a more scientifically valid approach compared to conventional direct heating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 1265-1274"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.191
M. Jamshidi, Khalil Ranjbar, Kh Gheisari
This study investigates the development of hybrid surface composites on Al5083 aluminum alloy using friction stir processing (FSP), addressing the limited understanding of how combined metallic and ceramic reinforcements can simultaneously enhance mechanical, wear, and corrosion behavior in aluminum alloys. To fill this gap, mechanically alloyed FeCuMnNiW high entropy alloy (HEA) powder and nano-sized CeO2 particles were incorporated as a novel hybrid reinforcement system. Three FSP passes ensured uniform dispersion of the reinforcements within the processed zone. The addition of HEA significantly increased hardness (47 %), yield strength (55 %), and tensile strength (49 %), while CeO2 markedly improved corrosion resistance, reducing the corrosion current density from 14.03 μA/cm2 for the base alloy to 0.743 μA/cm2 for the 100CeO2 composite (≈95 % reduction). Wear testing further revealed lower material loss in the reinforced composites compared with both the base alloy and the alloy processed without reinforcements. The hybrid composite containing 75 % HEA and 25 % CeO2 exhibited the most balanced performance, demonstrating a synergistic enhancement of properties. These findings highlight the novelty and effectiveness of combining HEA and CeO2 particles to create high-performance Al5083 surface composites suitable for demanding industrial applications.
{"title":"Hybrid HEA–CeO2 reinforced surface composites on Al5083 via friction stir processing","authors":"M. Jamshidi, Khalil Ranjbar, Kh Gheisari","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the development of hybrid surface composites on Al5083 aluminum alloy using friction stir processing (FSP), addressing the limited understanding of how combined metallic and ceramic reinforcements can simultaneously enhance mechanical, wear, and corrosion behavior in aluminum alloys. To fill this gap, mechanically alloyed FeCuMnNiW high entropy alloy (HEA) powder and nano-sized CeO<sub>2</sub> particles were incorporated as a novel hybrid reinforcement system. Three FSP passes ensured uniform dispersion of the reinforcements within the processed zone. The addition of HEA significantly increased hardness (47 %), yield strength (55 %), and tensile strength (49 %), while CeO<sub>2</sub> markedly improved corrosion resistance, reducing the corrosion current density from 14.03 μA/cm<sup>2</sup> for the base alloy to 0.743 μA/cm<sup>2</sup> for the 100CeO<sub>2</sub> composite (≈95 % reduction). Wear testing further revealed lower material loss in the reinforced composites compared with both the base alloy and the alloy processed without reinforcements. The hybrid composite containing 75 % HEA and 25 % CeO<sub>2</sub> exhibited the most balanced performance, demonstrating a synergistic enhancement of properties. These findings highlight the novelty and effectiveness of combining HEA and CeO<sub>2</sub> particles to create high-performance Al5083 surface composites suitable for demanding industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 1049-1065"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.199
Zu Li , Chaoju Xie , Xinwei Song , Shiqiang Zhang , Meng Zhang , Yan Chen
Whether bulk metallic glass (BMG) of unique disordered atomic structure exhibits better wear resistance than its crystalline counterpart or not, poses an essential yet unsolved question. To this motive, the wear resistances of as-cast Zr60.14Cu22.31Al9.7Fe4.85Ag3 BMG (in amorphous state), Zr60.14Cu22.31Al9.7Fe4.85Ag3 master alloy (in crystalline state), and crystallized Zr60.14Cu22.31Al9.7Fe4.85Ag3 BMG (in crystalline state), are examined using Si3N4 as the counter-friction material. Similar wear procedures are observed for the three different Zr60.14Cu22.31Al9.7Fe4.85Ag3 samples, which exhibit a running-in stage and gradually transit into dynamic stable wear stage. Intriguingly, both Zr60.14Cu22.31Al9.7Fe4.85Ag3 master alloy and crystallized Zr60.14Cu22.31Al9.7Fe4.85Ag3 BMG show a wear resistance five times better than the as-cast Zr60.14Cu22.31Al9.7Fe4.85Ag3 BMG in both air and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution. The main wear mechanisms of all the three Zr60.14Cu22.31Al9.7Fe4.85Ag3 samples in the dynamic stable stage are identified as ploughing, squeezing, and oxidative wear. The inferior wear resistance of as-cast Zr60.14Cu22.31Al9.7Fe4.85Ag3 BMG which shows similar nanoindentation hardness to its crystalline counterparts, is attributed to severe cracking and peeling-off of the tribo-oxide layer from the wear track. This work provides new insights into understandings on the wear resistance of BMGs and their crystalline counterparts.
{"title":"Crystallization-induced dramatic enhancement of wear resistance in a Zr-based bulk metallic glass","authors":"Zu Li , Chaoju Xie , Xinwei Song , Shiqiang Zhang , Meng Zhang , Yan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Whether bulk metallic glass (BMG) of unique disordered atomic structure exhibits better wear resistance than its crystalline counterpart or not, poses an essential yet unsolved question. To this motive, the wear resistances of as-cast Zr<sub>60.14</sub>Cu<sub>22.31</sub>Al<sub>9.7</sub>Fe<sub>4.85</sub>Ag<sub>3</sub> BMG (in amorphous state), Zr<sub>60.14</sub>Cu<sub>22.31</sub>Al<sub>9.7</sub>Fe<sub>4.85</sub>Ag<sub>3</sub> master alloy (in crystalline state), and crystallized Zr<sub>60.14</sub>Cu<sub>22.31</sub>Al<sub>9.7</sub>Fe<sub>4.85</sub>Ag<sub>3</sub> BMG (in crystalline state), are examined using Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> as the counter-friction material. Similar wear procedures are observed for the three different Zr<sub>60.14</sub>Cu<sub>22.31</sub>Al<sub>9.7</sub>Fe<sub>4.85</sub>Ag<sub>3</sub> samples, which exhibit a running-in stage and gradually transit into dynamic stable wear stage. Intriguingly, both Zr<sub>60.14</sub>Cu<sub>22.31</sub>Al<sub>9.7</sub>Fe<sub>4.85</sub>Ag<sub>3</sub> master alloy and crystallized Zr<sub>60.14</sub>Cu<sub>22.31</sub>Al<sub>9.7</sub>Fe<sub>4.85</sub>Ag<sub>3</sub> BMG show a wear resistance five times better than the as-cast Zr<sub>60.14</sub>Cu<sub>22.31</sub>Al<sub>9.7</sub>Fe<sub>4.85</sub>Ag<sub>3</sub> BMG in both air and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution. The main wear mechanisms of all the three Zr<sub>60.14</sub>Cu<sub>22.31</sub>Al<sub>9.7</sub>Fe<sub>4.85</sub>Ag<sub>3</sub> samples in the dynamic stable stage are identified as ploughing, squeezing, and oxidative wear. The inferior wear resistance of as-cast Zr<sub>60.14</sub>Cu<sub>22.31</sub>Al<sub>9.7</sub>Fe<sub>4.85</sub>Ag<sub>3</sub> BMG which shows similar nanoindentation hardness to its crystalline counterparts, is attributed to severe cracking and peeling-off of the tribo-oxide layer from the wear track. This work provides new insights into understandings on the wear resistance of BMGs and their crystalline counterparts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 895-902"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.210
Shi Cheng , Tingping Hou , Chengyang Hu , Yangni Liu , Yihang Zheng , Fangtong Wang , Kaiming Wu
By isothermal transformation experiments under strong magnetic fields, combining the MTEX microstructure reconstruction technique based on orientation relationships during phase transformations, this study systematically reveals the effects that magnetic fields exert on microstructural evolution, variant selection, carbon redistribution, and mechanical properties in low-temperature bainitic steels. The results reveal that applying a magnetic field reduces the Gibbs free energy barrier of the austenite-to-bainite transformation, thereby accelerating bainite formation and promoting the preferential selection of specific variant pairs—particularly high-misorientation combinations such as V1/V2 and V1/V6—which in turn increases the density of high-angle grain boundaries. Simultaneously, the magnetic field enhances carbon segregation at bainite/austenite interfaces, leading to a more uniform and enriched carbon distribution within retained austenite. This redistribution improves the thermodynamic stability of retained austenite, drives its morphological evolution from blocky to film-like structures, and alters the activation pathway of the TRIP effect. Furthermore, magnetic field–induced carbon partitioning suppresses the rise of autocatalytic nucleation activation energy during transformation, further facilitating the formation of energetically favorable variants. Through the synergistic contributions of microstructural refinement, variant selectivity, and stabilization of carbon-enriched retained austenite, the steel exhibits markedly enhanced mechanical performance, including higher yield strength and a transition toward continuous yielding. This work provides a transformative approach for designing high-strength, ductile structural materials via non-contact magnetic field–assisted processing.
{"title":"Magnetic field-assisted heat treatment for controlling microstructure and synergistic enhancement of strength-plasticity in low-temperature bainitic steel","authors":"Shi Cheng , Tingping Hou , Chengyang Hu , Yangni Liu , Yihang Zheng , Fangtong Wang , Kaiming Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By isothermal transformation experiments under strong magnetic fields, combining the MTEX microstructure reconstruction technique based on orientation relationships during phase transformations, this study systematically reveals the effects that magnetic fields exert on microstructural evolution, variant selection, carbon redistribution, and mechanical properties in low-temperature bainitic steels. The results reveal that applying a magnetic field reduces the Gibbs free energy barrier of the austenite-to-bainite transformation, thereby accelerating bainite formation and promoting the preferential selection of specific variant pairs—particularly high-misorientation combinations such as V1/V2 and V1/V6—which in turn increases the density of high-angle grain boundaries. Simultaneously, the magnetic field enhances carbon segregation at bainite/austenite interfaces, leading to a more uniform and enriched carbon distribution within retained austenite. This redistribution improves the thermodynamic stability of retained austenite, drives its morphological evolution from blocky to film-like structures, and alters the activation pathway of the TRIP effect. Furthermore, magnetic field–induced carbon partitioning suppresses the rise of autocatalytic nucleation activation energy during transformation, further facilitating the formation of energetically favorable variants. Through the synergistic contributions of microstructural refinement, variant selectivity, and stabilization of carbon-enriched retained austenite, the steel exhibits markedly enhanced mechanical performance, including higher yield strength and a transition toward continuous yielding. This work provides a transformative approach for designing high-strength, ductile structural materials via non-contact magnetic field–assisted processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 741-751"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.153
Yuan Luo , Ping Wang , Qiang Liu , Wei Zhang , Weixin Xiao , Kaiqi Yan , Jingjie Zhang
With the development of high-speed spacecraft, the equipment faces the threat of high temperatures brought about by the high speed. Hollow microspheres commonly applied in equipment may lose efficacy in extremely high-temperature circumstances. Fortunately, the thermal stability of hollow alumina microspheres (HAMs) could solve the drawbacks. However, HAMs prepared by conventional strategies encounter problems of high cost, time-consuming, and low yield. The spray drying can rapidly make soft and agglomerate-free granules on a large scale, which makes HAMs feasible in practical applications. Nonetheless, in previous work, HAMs prepared by spray drying suffer from poor mechanical performance. In this research, Al(NO3)3 was selected as the alumina source, using spray drying with heat treatment to prepare HAMs, which present low density, high isostatic strength, low thermal conductivity, and high-temperature thermal stability. Furthermore, the relationship between the preparation parameters with the morphology and properties of HAMs was explored. Based on explorations, the formation mechanism of HAMs and the factors influencing their morphology and structure were speculated. These explorations will serve as a paradigm for inspiring and guiding the development of high-performance HAMs, ultimately addressing the lightweight and high-strength demands of composite materials for aircraft under high-temperature conditions.
{"title":"Preparation of dense shell hollow alumina microspheres with low density, high isostatic strength, low thermal conductivity, and high-temperature thermal stability via spray drying with heat treatment","authors":"Yuan Luo , Ping Wang , Qiang Liu , Wei Zhang , Weixin Xiao , Kaiqi Yan , Jingjie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the development of high-speed spacecraft, the equipment faces the threat of high temperatures brought about by the high speed. Hollow microspheres commonly applied in equipment may lose efficacy in extremely high-temperature circumstances. Fortunately, the thermal stability of hollow alumina microspheres (HAMs) could solve the drawbacks. However, HAMs prepared by conventional strategies encounter problems of high cost, time-consuming, and low yield. The spray drying can rapidly make soft and agglomerate-free granules on a large scale, which makes HAMs feasible in practical applications. Nonetheless, in previous work, HAMs prepared by spray drying suffer from poor mechanical performance. In this research, Al(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> was selected as the alumina source, using spray drying with heat treatment to prepare HAMs, which present low density, high isostatic strength, low thermal conductivity, and high-temperature thermal stability. Furthermore, the relationship between the preparation parameters with the morphology and properties of HAMs was explored. Based on explorations, the formation mechanism of HAMs and the factors influencing their morphology and structure were speculated. These explorations will serve as a paradigm for inspiring and guiding the development of high-performance HAMs, ultimately addressing the lightweight and high-strength demands of composite materials for aircraft under high-temperature conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 863-879"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.215
Xiong Xiao , Yanheng Xu , Xianyong Zhu , Jiaan Liu , Nan Wang , Le Yu , Guangzhi Sun , Song Yang , Cheng Jiang , Dongni Geng
With the rapid development of rail transit, how to achieve structural light weighting while improving the energy absorption and acoustic absorption performance of structure, thereby providing better safety and comfort, has received widespread attention. This paper proposes a structure called built-up board lattice structure (BBLS), which combines the hollow column structure with the triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) primitive structure and panel structure. Firstly, lattice metamaterials of AlSi10Mg were fabricated using the selective laser melting (SLM) process. In terms of mechanical performance, the BBLS with a relative density of 26.5 % were 33.44 % (compressive strength) and 42.19 % (specific energy absorption) higher than TPMS-P. The yield strength, compressive strength, and energy absorption of the structures were compared at 26.5 %, 33 %, and 39.5 % porosities. The Gibson-Ashby model was proposed, enabling the prediction of BBLS strength at varying densities. ABAQUS numerical simulations were used to verify the stress distribution of the metamaterials under compression. In terms of acoustic properties, a frequency range of 1000Hz–3500Hz was selected as the test frequency. A hollow column structure was introduced, which increased the peak sound absorption coefficient and the bandwidth where the sound absorption coefficient is greater than 0.5 by 61.8 % and 44.8 %, respectively, compared to TPMS-P. Numerical simulations using COMSOL demonstrated that the significant improvement in sound absorption performance is attributed to the substantial thermo-viscous losses generated on the inner walls of the hollow column structure. This study provides a new design concept for structures that combine mechanical and acoustic properties.
{"title":"Mechanical and sound absorption properties of AlSi10Mg metamaterials reinforced by hollow column and plate structures produced by selective laser melting","authors":"Xiong Xiao , Yanheng Xu , Xianyong Zhu , Jiaan Liu , Nan Wang , Le Yu , Guangzhi Sun , Song Yang , Cheng Jiang , Dongni Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of rail transit, how to achieve structural light weighting while improving the energy absorption and acoustic absorption performance of structure, thereby providing better safety and comfort, has received widespread attention. This paper proposes a structure called built-up board lattice structure (BBLS), which combines the hollow column structure with the triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) primitive structure and panel structure. Firstly, lattice metamaterials of AlSi10Mg were fabricated using the selective laser melting (SLM) process. In terms of mechanical performance, the BBLS with a relative density of 26.5 % were 33.44 % (compressive strength) and 42.19 % (specific energy absorption) higher than TPMS-P. The yield strength, compressive strength, and energy absorption of the structures were compared at 26.5 %, 33 %, and 39.5 % porosities. The Gibson-Ashby model was proposed, enabling the prediction of BBLS strength at varying densities. ABAQUS numerical simulations were used to verify the stress distribution of the metamaterials under compression. In terms of acoustic properties, a frequency range of 1000Hz–3500Hz was selected as the test frequency. A hollow column structure was introduced, which increased the peak sound absorption coefficient and the bandwidth where the sound absorption coefficient is greater than 0.5 by 61.8 % and 44.8 %, respectively, compared to TPMS-P. Numerical simulations using COMSOL demonstrated that the significant improvement in sound absorption performance is attributed to the substantial thermo-viscous losses generated on the inner walls of the hollow column structure. This study provides a new design concept for structures that combine mechanical and acoustic properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 1117-1129"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.178
Ary Machado de Azevedo , Pedro Henrique Poubel Mendonça da Silveira , Renan de Melo Correia Lima , Dalber Rubens Sanchez Candela , Angelo Márcio de Souza Gomes , Andreza Menezes Lima , Sergio Neves Monteiro , Domingos D'Oliveira Cardoso , Ronaldo Sergio de Biasi , Paulo Cezar Rocha Silveira , André Ben-Hur da Silva Figueiredo
otassium ferrite powders were synthesized by a glycine-based sol–gel self-combustion route (fuel ratio ϕ = 3) followed by calcination between 300 and 950 °C. The structural and microstructural evolution was investigated by XRD/Rietveld, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, TG/DTG, TEM (including d-spacing and SAED), EELS/EDS, Mössbauer spectroscopy, VSM and EPR. XRD refinements showed that the uncalcined precursor contains KFeO2 embedded in a Fe3O4-rich matrix; with increasing temperature, Fe3O4 sequentially transforms into γ-Fe2O3 and α-Fe2O3, while the KFeO2 fraction rises to 44 % at 950 °C. FTIR, Raman and TG/DTG identified the main decomposition steps (moisture, nitrates, carbonates) and the 570–740 °C window where the K–Fe–O lattice consolidates. TEM revealed nanometric grains over the whole series, with average sizes decreasing from ∼21 nm (uncalcined) to ∼6 nm at 750 °C and increasing to ∼9 nm at 950 °C. d-spacing analysis and EELS/EDS confirmed orthorhombic KFeO2 with co-localized K, Fe and O at the nanoscale. Magnetically, Mössbauer, VSM and EPR data indicated a progressive transition from Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3-dominated ferrimagnetism (Ms = 26.46 emu/g at 300 °C) to KFeO2-rich, magnetically softer composites (Ms = 14.84 emu/g, Hc = 68.5 Oe at 950 °C). These results establish processing–structure–property correlations for sol–gel-derived KFeO2 and provide guidelines for tailoring its nanostructure and magnetic behavior for functional applications.
{"title":"Sol-gel auto-combustion synthesis and characterization of potassium ferrite","authors":"Ary Machado de Azevedo , Pedro Henrique Poubel Mendonça da Silveira , Renan de Melo Correia Lima , Dalber Rubens Sanchez Candela , Angelo Márcio de Souza Gomes , Andreza Menezes Lima , Sergio Neves Monteiro , Domingos D'Oliveira Cardoso , Ronaldo Sergio de Biasi , Paulo Cezar Rocha Silveira , André Ben-Hur da Silva Figueiredo","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>otassium ferrite powders were synthesized by a glycine-based sol–gel self-combustion route (fuel ratio ϕ = 3) followed by calcination between 300 and 950 °C. The structural and microstructural evolution was investigated by XRD/Rietveld, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, TG/DTG, TEM (including d-spacing and SAED), EELS/EDS, Mössbauer spectroscopy, VSM and EPR. XRD refinements showed that the uncalcined precursor contains KFeO<sub>2</sub> embedded in a Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-rich matrix; with increasing temperature, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> sequentially transforms into γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, while the KFeO<sub>2</sub> fraction rises to 44 % at 950 °C. FTIR, Raman and TG/DTG identified the main decomposition steps (moisture, nitrates, carbonates) and the 570–740 °C window where the K–Fe–O lattice consolidates. TEM revealed nanometric grains over the whole series, with average sizes decreasing from ∼21 nm (uncalcined) to ∼6 nm at 750 °C and increasing to ∼9 nm at 950 °C. d-spacing analysis and EELS/EDS confirmed orthorhombic KFeO<sub>2</sub> with co-localized K, Fe and O at the nanoscale. Magnetically, Mössbauer, VSM and EPR data indicated a progressive transition from Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-dominated ferrimagnetism (Ms = 26.46 emu/g at 300 °C) to KFeO<sub>2</sub>-rich, magnetically softer composites (Ms = 14.84 emu/g, Hc = 68.5 Oe at 950 °C). These results establish processing–structure–property correlations for sol–gel-derived KFeO<sub>2</sub> and provide guidelines for tailoring its nanostructure and magnetic behavior for functional applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 954-968"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.187
Zhengyuan Li , Wenting Zhu , Shuwen Wang , Liang Hao , Te Hu , Liqing Chen
Given the pronounced wear that high manganese steel experiences during the initial stage of service, pre-hardening is indispensable to ensure sufficient hardness and wear resistance. However, improper pre-hardening can compromise toughness and produce poor fracture performance. In this work, laser quenching was employed as a pre-hardening technique to achieve a synergistic enhancement of hardness, toughness, and wear resistance in SCMnH11 high manganese steel by precisely controlling the laser parameters. The results indicate that laser quenching induced a martensitic transformation at the surface of SCMnH11 high manganese steel. The martensite content initially increased with rising laser power, reaching a maximum at 2 kW, and then decreased at higher powers. At this optimal power, the specimen exhibited the highest microhardness, approximately 1.5 times that of the untreated specimen. This resulted from the synergistic contribution of multiple strengthening mechanisms, including transformation-induced hardening associated with martensitic formation, resistance to dislocation motion due to dislocation-twin interactions, and microstructural heterogeneity derived from the development of a bimodal grain structure. Furthermore, the heterogeneous microstructure consisting of both coarse and fine grains facilitated coordinated deformation, thereby suppressing strain localization and maintaining excellent impact toughness. This enhanced surface also influenced the tribological behavior, as surface hardening increased the coefficient of friction, while the wear process on the high hardness surface promoted the formation of mechanically mixed layers composed of wear debris and tribo-oxides. These layers stabilized the contact interface and enhanced wear resistance.
{"title":"Achieving synergistic enhancement of impact and wear resistance in SCMnH11 high manganese steel by a laser-quenching-induced bimodal microstructure","authors":"Zhengyuan Li , Wenting Zhu , Shuwen Wang , Liang Hao , Te Hu , Liqing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the pronounced wear that high manganese steel experiences during the initial stage of service, pre-hardening is indispensable to ensure sufficient hardness and wear resistance. However, improper pre-hardening can compromise toughness and produce poor fracture performance. In this work, laser quenching was employed as a pre-hardening technique to achieve a synergistic enhancement of hardness, toughness, and wear resistance in SCMnH11 high manganese steel by precisely controlling the laser parameters. The results indicate that laser quenching induced a martensitic transformation at the surface of SCMnH11 high manganese steel. The martensite content initially increased with rising laser power, reaching a maximum at 2 kW, and then decreased at higher powers. At this optimal power, the specimen exhibited the highest microhardness, approximately 1.5 times that of the untreated specimen. This resulted from the synergistic contribution of multiple strengthening mechanisms, including transformation-induced hardening associated with martensitic formation, resistance to dislocation motion due to dislocation-twin interactions, and microstructural heterogeneity derived from the development of a bimodal grain structure. Furthermore, the heterogeneous microstructure consisting of both coarse and fine grains facilitated coordinated deformation, thereby suppressing strain localization and maintaining excellent impact toughness. This enhanced surface also influenced the tribological behavior, as surface hardening increased the coefficient of friction, while the wear process on the high hardness surface promoted the formation of mechanically mixed layers composed of wear debris and tribo-oxides. These layers stabilized the contact interface and enhanced wear resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 651-661"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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