Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t最新文献_第2页

AgIn2 thickness on void rate, microstructure, IMC growth, thermal and mechanical properties of fluxless In@AgIn2 joint

IF 6.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.098

Jing Wen, Guoliao Sun, Jinyang Su, Yi Fan, Linzheng Fu, Zhuo Chen, Wenhui Zhu

Indium (In) has been extensively used as a thermal interface material (TIM1) between the die and lid in high-power central processing units (CPUs) to enhance heat dissipation. However, organic flux residues trapped within the In solder during indium reflow process can outgas during subsequent solder ball reflow cycles, leading to the formation of significant voids (up to 35% void fraction) in the In TIM1. This issue limits the application of In in advanced ball grid array (BGA) packages. In this study, for the first time, varying thicknesses Ag coatings were electroplated onto the surfaces of thick In TIM1 to form a non-oxidizing AgIn2 layer (In@xAgIn2, where x = 0.4, 1, 3, 6 μm) to protects the inner In from oxidation and enables fluxless reflow. Joints prepared with In or In@xAgIn2 underwent indium reflow and three solder ball reflow cycles to simulate the reflow processes typical of BGA packages. A clear AgIn2 thickness effect on solder wettability, microstructure, intermetallic compound (IMC) growth, joint thermal and mechanical properties were found. The results showed that [email protected]₂; had a contact angle of 26.2°, which was 2.6° lower than that of pure In solder. Joints prepared with [email protected]₂; also exhibited the lowest void fraction (≤2%), which contributed to better heat dissipation. During reflow, the Ag atoms from the AgIn2 protective layer altered the morphology and reduced the thickness of the Ni3In7 IMC layer. After reflow, the Ag atoms either solubilized in In or formed AgIn2 IMC with distinct distribution characteristics in the solder layer, which increased the shear strength of the joints by 81.5%. The fracture mode of the joints also changed from ductile to ductile-brittle, and ultimately to brittle.

{"title":"AgIn2 thickness on void rate, microstructure, IMC growth, thermal and mechanical properties of fluxless In@AgIn2 joint","authors":"Jing Wen, Guoliao Sun, Jinyang Su, Yi Fan, Linzheng Fu, Zhuo Chen, Wenhui Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indium (In) has been extensively used as a thermal interface material (TIM1) between the die and lid in high-power central processing units (CPUs) to enhance heat dissipation. However, organic flux residues trapped within the In solder during indium reflow process can outgas during subsequent solder ball reflow cycles, leading to the formation of significant voids (up to 35% void fraction) in the In TIM1. This issue limits the application of In in advanced ball grid array (BGA) packages. In this study, for the first time, varying thicknesses Ag coatings were electroplated onto the surfaces of thick In TIM1 to form a non-oxidizing AgIn2 layer (In@<em>x</em>AgIn2, where <em>x</em> = 0.4, 1, 3, 6 μm) to protects the inner In from oxidation and enables fluxless reflow. Joints prepared with In or In@<em>x</em>AgIn2 underwent indium reflow and three solder ball reflow cycles to simulate the reflow processes typical of BGA packages. A clear AgIn2 thickness effect on solder wettability, microstructure, intermetallic compound (IMC) growth, joint thermal and mechanical properties were found. The results showed that [email protected]₂; had a contact angle of 26.2°, which was 2.6° lower than that of pure In solder. Joints prepared with [email protected]₂; also exhibited the lowest void fraction (≤2%), which contributed to better heat dissipation. During reflow, the Ag atoms from the AgIn2 protective layer altered the morphology and reduced the thickness of the Ni3In7 IMC layer. After reflow, the Ag atoms either solubilized in In or formed AgIn2 IMC with distinct distribution characteristics in the solder layer, which increased the shear strength of the joints by 81.5%. The fracture mode of the joints also changed from ductile to ductile-brittle, and ultimately to brittle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 1072-1089"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on extrusion welding of dissimilar magnesium alloys: Mg–Al–Zn and Mg–Gd

IF 6.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.103

Jieyu Li , Shengwen Bai , Zhihua Dong , Yan Yang , Jiangfeng Song , Weijun He , Guangsheng Huang , Bin Jiang

In this study, the extrusion welding behavior of dissimilar Mg alloys, specifically Mg–Al–Zn and Mg–Gd, was investigated. Extrusion welding experiments were conducted using three combinations: AZ31 and Mg-1.5Gd (AG), AZ31 and AZ31 (AA), and Mg-1.5Gd and Mg-1.5Gd (GG), at different temperatures, accompanied by finite element (FE) simulations. The microstructures of the welding interfaces of the three types of sheets were examined, and the extrusion welding behavior of the AG sheets was analyzed by integrating the experimental and simulation results. The findings revealed that, as the extrusion temperature increased, the shear strength of all three types of sheets first increased and then decreased. The maximum shear strength of the AG sheets (120 MPa) was attained at 350 °C, whereas that of the AA (126 MPa) and GG (133 MPa) sheets was reached at 300 °C. Furthermore, the welding interface in the AG sheets induces shear strain, leading to the formation of fine grain bands near the interface and a gradient in the grain size in the Mg–Gd layer. These results offer new insights into the extrusion welding mechanisms of dissimilar Mg alloys.

{"title":"Research on extrusion welding of dissimilar magnesium alloys: Mg–Al–Zn and Mg–Gd","authors":"Jieyu Li , Shengwen Bai , Zhihua Dong , Yan Yang , Jiangfeng Song , Weijun He , Guangsheng Huang , Bin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the extrusion welding behavior of dissimilar Mg alloys, specifically Mg–Al–Zn and Mg–Gd, was investigated. Extrusion welding experiments were conducted using three combinations: AZ31 and Mg-1.5Gd (AG), AZ31 and AZ31 (AA), and Mg-1.5Gd and Mg-1.5Gd (GG), at different temperatures, accompanied by finite element (FE) simulations. The microstructures of the welding interfaces of the three types of sheets were examined, and the extrusion welding behavior of the AG sheets was analyzed by integrating the experimental and simulation results. The findings revealed that, as the extrusion temperature increased, the shear strength of all three types of sheets first increased and then decreased. The maximum shear strength of the AG sheets (120 MPa) was attained at 350 °C, whereas that of the AA (126 MPa) and GG (133 MPa) sheets was reached at 300 °C. Furthermore, the welding interface in the AG sheets induces shear strain, leading to the formation of fine grain bands near the interface and a gradient in the grain size in the Mg–Gd layer. These results offer new insights into the extrusion welding mechanisms of dissimilar Mg alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 1296-1310"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In-situ SEM analysis of plastic deformation, crack initiation, crack propagation behaviors in M2 high speed steel

IF 6.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.107

Lihui Zhu , Weiwei Zhang , Ruiyun Shi , Guoliang Wang

The plastic deformation, crack initiation, crack propagation behaviors of M2 high speed steel were investigated by means of in-situ SEM observation during tensile. The effect of tempered martensite, retained austenite and carbides on the deformation and fracture of M2 steel was discussed. Results show that crack initiation initially takes place in the matrix, at the interface of carbide and matrix. After almost all the plasticity deformation capability is exhausted, the cracks begin to initiate in the carbides. The matrix helps to impede the crack propagation, since some cracks initiated in the carbides or at the interface either stop or get deflected in the matrix. The crack branching and crack deflection in the carbides are beneficial to slow down the crack propagation. Most matrix-related cracks are involved in blocky retained austenite. The crack initiation and propagation are affected by the type, shape and size of carbides. Primary carbides and those carbides with large size and sharp edges promote the crack initiation and propagation. Among all the carbides, primary M₆C is the most harmful. To improve the toughness of M2 steel, it is suggested that the number and size of blocky retained austenite should be decreased. Meanwhile, reducing the number of primary M₆C, decreasing the size of carbides and modifying the shape of angular carbides are favorable. Our investigation offers valuable insights for the toughness improvement of M2 steel.

{"title":"In-situ SEM analysis of plastic deformation, crack initiation, crack propagation behaviors in M2 high speed steel","authors":"Lihui Zhu , Weiwei Zhang , Ruiyun Shi , Guoliang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The plastic deformation, crack initiation, crack propagation behaviors of M2 high speed steel were investigated by means of in-situ SEM observation during tensile. The effect of tempered martensite, retained austenite and carbides on the deformation and fracture of M2 steel was discussed. Results show that crack initiation initially takes place in the matrix, at the interface of carbide and matrix. After almost all the plasticity deformation capability is exhausted, the cracks begin to initiate in the carbides. The matrix helps to impede the crack propagation, since some cracks initiated in the carbides or at the interface either stop or get deflected in the matrix. The crack branching and crack deflection in the carbides are beneficial to slow down the crack propagation. Most matrix-related cracks are involved in blocky retained austenite. The crack initiation and propagation are affected by the type, shape and size of carbides. Primary carbides and those carbides with large size and sharp edges promote the crack initiation and propagation. Among all the carbides, primary M<sub>6</sub>C is the most harmful. To improve the toughness of M2 steel, it is suggested that the number and size of blocky retained austenite should be decreased. Meanwhile, reducing the number of primary M<sub>6</sub>C, decreasing the size of carbides and modifying the shape of angular carbides are favorable. Our investigation offers valuable insights for the toughness improvement of M2 steel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 1265-1282"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A review on the anomalous exothermic behavior of bubbles in aluminum induced by electron irradiation

IF 6.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.100

Qicong Chen , Yupeng Yin , Wentuo Han , Xiaoou Yi , Pingping Liu , Qian Zhan , Somei Ohnuki , Farong Wan

Anomalous exothermic phenomenon (AEP) under bubble irradiation in solids has captured widespread interest in the energy field. AEP was discovered during the transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation of deuterium-implanted aluminum. Under the irradiation of TEM electron beam, deuterium (D) bubbles led to AEP, causing the surrounding single-crystal aluminum to instantaneously transform into polycrystalline. The released heat was estimated as about 160 MeV. AEP has been discovered in different gas bubbles such as hydrogen, helium, argon, and neon. The influencing factors of AEP can be summarized as the bubble morphology and pressure, gas type and density, electron beam energy, and irradiation time. The factor interrelationships and the AEP threshold are discussed. In conjunction with experimental phenomena and simulation, the mechanism of AEP is speculated to be the plasma formation within the gas bubble. The generation of this substantial energy only requires the irradiation of bubbles with a beam of energetic particle. Such convenient, efficient, and controllable energy source is attractive. AEP may provide a potent new energy form.

{"title":"A review on the anomalous exothermic behavior of bubbles in aluminum induced by electron irradiation","authors":"Qicong Chen , Yupeng Yin , Wentuo Han , Xiaoou Yi , Pingping Liu , Qian Zhan , Somei Ohnuki , Farong Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anomalous exothermic phenomenon (AEP) under bubble irradiation in solids has captured widespread interest in the energy field. AEP was discovered during the transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation of deuterium-implanted aluminum. Under the irradiation of TEM electron beam, deuterium (D) bubbles led to AEP, causing the surrounding single-crystal aluminum to instantaneously transform into polycrystalline. The released heat was estimated as about 160 MeV. AEP has been discovered in different gas bubbles such as hydrogen, helium, argon, and neon. The influencing factors of AEP can be summarized as the bubble morphology and pressure, gas type and density, electron beam energy, and irradiation time. The factor interrelationships and the AEP threshold are discussed. In conjunction with experimental phenomena and simulation, the mechanism of AEP is speculated to be the plasma formation within the gas bubble. The generation of this substantial energy only requires the irradiation of bubbles with a beam of energetic particle. Such convenient, efficient, and controllable energy source is attractive. AEP may provide a potent new energy form.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 1283-1295"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Systematic approach to paired ceramic coatings deposited by oxygen fuel and metal in a tribological application

IF 6.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.099

K.A. Habib , D.L. Cano , Emilo Rayón , J. Serrano-Mira , José V. Abellán-Nebot , I. Cervera

This study investigated nanostructured Al₂O₃ and Al₂O₃–TiO₂ composite coatings (e.g., 3, 13 and 40% TiO₂, mass fraction) deposited by the oxygen fuel (OF) spraying technique. The coatings exhibited varying hardness values, ranging from 705 HV_0.2 for Al₂O₃-40%T to 1317.9 HV_0.2 for Al₂O₃. To compare the behaviours of the coated specimens, the mechanical properties and effects of hardness ratio on the lubrication regimes were studied using the Stribeck curve. The higher TiO₂ content contained in the Al₂O₃–TiO₂ coating system yielded relatively inferior mechanical properties but lower porosity (ranged between from 18.3% A to 0%T to 1.64% A-40%T) and initial and final hardness ratio (16.2% Al₂O₃ to 9.2% Al₂O₃–40%TiO₂). Microstructural and phase analyses showed that this finding can be attributed to the special phase, Al₂TiO₅, and to the pre-existing microcracks in the coating. Thus, Al₂O₃–13%TiO₂ exhibited better characteristics for mechanical applications and oil film stability as compared with pure Al₂O₃ and 3% and 40% TiO₂ coatings. This study provides a reference for the design of Al₂O₃–TiO₂ ceramics with good wear resistance and a minimal friction coefficient under lubrication conditions. The strain hardening produced on the surfaces of the worn discs and the hardness ratio determined the tribological properties of the friction pairs. In summary, this work analysed the friction and wear properties of four ceramic coatings and their counterpart metallic discs under lubrication conditions using Stribeck curve, to provide an experimental basis for screening optimal materials for the key friction and wear pairs of industrial design and applications. The proposed methodology may assist in predicting variations in lubrication regime parameters (Stribeck curve) by controlling the hardness ratio.

{"title":"Systematic approach to paired ceramic coatings deposited by oxygen fuel and metal in a tribological application","authors":"K.A. Habib , D.L. Cano , Emilo Rayón , J. Serrano-Mira , José V. Abellán-Nebot , I. Cervera","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated nanostructured Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–TiO<sub>2</sub> composite coatings (e.g., 3, 13 and 40% TiO<sub>2</sub>, mass fraction) deposited by the oxygen fuel (OF) spraying technique. The coatings exhibited varying hardness values, ranging from 705 HV<sub>0.2</sub> for Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-40%T to 1317.9 HV<sub>0.2</sub> for Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. To compare the behaviours of the coated specimens, the mechanical properties and effects of hardness ratio on the lubrication regimes were studied using the Stribeck curve. The higher TiO<sub>2</sub> content contained in the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–TiO<sub>2</sub> coating system yielded relatively inferior mechanical properties but lower porosity (ranged between from 18.3% A to 0%T to 1.64% A-40%T) and initial and final hardness ratio (16.2% Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> to 9.2% Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–40%TiO<sub>2</sub>). Microstructural and phase analyses showed that this finding can be attributed to the special phase, Al<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>5</sub>, and to the pre-existing microcracks in the coating. Thus, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–13%TiO<sub>2</sub> exhibited better characteristics for mechanical applications and oil film stability as compared with pure Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and 3% and 40% TiO<sub>2</sub> coatings. This study provides a reference for the design of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–TiO<sub>2</sub> ceramics with good wear resistance and a minimal friction coefficient under lubrication conditions. The strain hardening produced on the surfaces of the worn discs and the hardness ratio determined the tribological properties of the friction pairs. In summary, this work analysed the friction and wear properties of four ceramic coatings and their counterpart metallic discs under lubrication conditions using Stribeck curve, to provide an experimental basis for screening optimal materials for the key friction and wear pairs of industrial design and applications. The proposed methodology may assist in predicting variations in lubrication regime parameters (Stribeck curve) by controlling the hardness ratio.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 1141-1156"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deformation-induced pearlite transformation and spheroidization of bearing steel for new energy vehicles

IF 6.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.101

Zhihui Chen , Xiaolong Gan , Man Liu , Zhengliang Xue , Hao Tian , Desheng Li , Guang Xu

Effects of deformation strains on the microstructure and mechanical properties of bearing steel for new energy vehicles were investigated by combining thermal simulation testing machine with optical microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction technology, scanning transmission electron microscopy and hardness tests, etc. The results show that the warm deformation of the undercooled austenite at temperatures close to A_r1 induced the γ-Fe to pearlite transformation. With the increase of deformation strain from 20% to 75%, the volume fraction of deformation-induced pearlite increased gradually, the spheroidization of cementite occurred, and the hardness of the tested steel decreased from 720 HV to 361 HV. When the deformation strain reached 75%, the micron ferrite grains with average size of 2.46 μm and nano-sized spherical carbides of 81 nm formed. EBSD results show that with increasing the deformation strain, the size of pearlite colony decreased, the size of pearlite nodules, and the proportion of high-angle grain boundaries decreased first and then increased. Moreover, the kinetic curve of the deformation-induced pearlite was fitted and the strengthening mechanism of the tested steel was analyzed. The theoretical calculation results of yield strength were in good agreement with the experimental data.

{"title":"Deformation-induced pearlite transformation and spheroidization of bearing steel for new energy vehicles","authors":"Zhihui Chen , Xiaolong Gan , Man Liu , Zhengliang Xue , Hao Tian , Desheng Li , Guang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effects of deformation strains on the microstructure and mechanical properties of bearing steel for new energy vehicles were investigated by combining thermal simulation testing machine with optical microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction technology, scanning transmission electron microscopy and hardness tests, etc. The results show that the warm deformation of the undercooled austenite at temperatures close to A<sub>r1</sub> induced the γ-Fe to pearlite transformation. With the increase of deformation strain from 20% to 75%, the volume fraction of deformation-induced pearlite increased gradually, the spheroidization of cementite occurred, and the hardness of the tested steel decreased from 720 HV to 361 HV. When the deformation strain reached 75%, the micron ferrite grains with average size of 2.46 μm and nano-sized spherical carbides of 81 nm formed. EBSD results show that with increasing the deformation strain, the size of pearlite colony decreased, the size of pearlite nodules, and the proportion of high-angle grain boundaries decreased first and then increased. Moreover, the kinetic curve of the deformation-induced pearlite was fitted and the strengthening mechanism of the tested steel was analyzed. The theoretical calculation results of yield strength were in good agreement with the experimental data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 942-952"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal deformation behaviors, mechanisms, and microstructure evolution of laminate CNT/2009Al composite

IF 6.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.091

P.Y. Li , X.N. Li , K. Ma , Z.Y. Liu , B.L. Xiao , Z.Y. Ma

The plastic deformation mechanism of laminate CNT/2009Al composite during hot compression was investigated through isothermal compression tests conducted on coarse grain 2009Al, ultrafine grain 3 vol% CNT/2009Al, and the laminate composite. This study employed flow stress-strain curve analysis, processing map evaluation, and finite element modeling to characterize the isothermal compression deformation behavior of the laminate composite. The results indicated that the deformation coordination of the laminate composite was influenced by the evolution of microstructure and the stress-strain distribution between the CNT-rich and 2009Al layers. Specifically, better deformation coordination was observed between the two layers at a medium temperature with a moderate strain rate (450 °C-0.1 s⁻¹). Moreover, there was a more pronounced occurrence of dynamic recrystallization and microstructure evolution at a high strain rate (450 °C-1 s⁻¹) compared to a low strain rate (450 °C-0.001 s⁻¹). In addition, when the temperature was changed, the plastic deformation and softening mechanisms changed.

{"title":"Thermal deformation behaviors, mechanisms, and microstructure evolution of laminate CNT/2009Al composite","authors":"P.Y. Li , X.N. Li , K. Ma , Z.Y. Liu , B.L. Xiao , Z.Y. Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The plastic deformation mechanism of laminate CNT/2009Al composite during hot compression was investigated through isothermal compression tests conducted on coarse grain 2009Al, ultrafine grain 3 vol% CNT/2009Al, and the laminate composite. This study employed flow stress-strain curve analysis, processing map evaluation, and finite element modeling to characterize the isothermal compression deformation behavior of the laminate composite. The results indicated that the deformation coordination of the laminate composite was influenced by the evolution of microstructure and the stress-strain distribution between the CNT-rich and 2009Al layers. Specifically, better deformation coordination was observed between the two layers at a medium temperature with a moderate strain rate (450 °C-0.1 s<sup>−1</sup>). Moreover, there was a more pronounced occurrence of dynamic recrystallization and microstructure evolution at a high strain rate (450 °C-1 s<sup>−1</sup>) compared to a low strain rate (450 °C-0.001 s<sup>−1</sup>). In addition, when the temperature was changed, the plastic deformation and softening mechanisms changed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 953-964"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strong, tough and aqua-degradable poly(glycolic acid)/poly (butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) composites achieved by interfacial regulation

IF 6.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.092

Chao Ma , Mintao Zhu , Min Gong , Liang Zhang , Dongrui Wang , Xiang Lin

Poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) has displayed excellent tensile strength, degradability and renewability, but it still faces dilemmas in practical because of its low toughness, poor melt strength and the ease of thermal degradation. In this work, in order to take full advantages of its degradability and high strength, the PGA was toughened by poly(butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and reinforced by chopped carbon fibers (CFs) through melt compounding with the help of compatibilizers which facilitated the regulation of interfacial morphology and thereby performance. The evolution of tensile properties, dispersion state of PBAT domains, interface region and rheological behaviors of the blends were analyzed to explore the intrinsic improvement mechanism. Specifically, the increased grafting density of molecular chains revealed from the blend melt viscoelasticity was proposed to be responsible for the greatly enhanced toughness, resulting in an elongation at break of ∼90.45% and a toughness of 49.65 MJ/m³ which were dozens of times higher than PGA itself. Such blend is well capable of incorporating of CFs, showing an ultimate tensile strength ∼135 MPa whereas remaining ductility and aqua-degradability. Overall, this work provided a great potential in replacing metal alloys with the reinforced and toughened PGA composites for the applications of sacrificed tools.

{"title":"Strong, tough and aqua-degradable poly(glycolic acid)/poly (butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) composites achieved by interfacial regulation","authors":"Chao Ma , Mintao Zhu , Min Gong , Liang Zhang , Dongrui Wang , Xiang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) has displayed excellent tensile strength, degradability and renewability, but it still faces dilemmas in practical because of its low toughness, poor melt strength and the ease of thermal degradation. In this work, in order to take full advantages of its degradability and high strength, the PGA was toughened by poly(butyleneadipate-<em>co</em>-terephthalate) (PBAT) and reinforced by chopped carbon fibers (CFs) through melt compounding with the help of compatibilizers which facilitated the regulation of interfacial morphology and thereby performance. The evolution of tensile properties, dispersion state of PBAT domains, interface region and rheological behaviors of the blends were analyzed to explore the intrinsic improvement mechanism. Specifically, the increased grafting density of molecular chains revealed from the blend melt viscoelasticity was proposed to be responsible for the greatly enhanced toughness, resulting in an elongation at break of ∼90.45% and a toughness of 49.65 MJ/m<sup>3</sup> which were dozens of times higher than PGA itself. Such blend is well capable of incorporating of CFs, showing an ultimate tensile strength ∼135 MPa whereas remaining ductility and aqua-degradability. Overall, this work provided a great potential in replacing metal alloys with the reinforced and toughened PGA composites for the applications of sacrificed tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 995-1007"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Gd alloying and ultrasonic vibration hybrid treatment on the microstructures, mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms of Al/Mg interface by compound casting

IF 6.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.083

Qingqing Li , Wenming Jiang , Yuancai Xu , Linghui Yu , Ziwei Peng , Yunchang Xin , Zitian Fan

The hybrid treatment of Gd alloying and ultrasonic vibration was employed to improve microstructure and bonding performance of Al/Mg interface by compound casting, and the interfacial microstructures, mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms of the Al/Mg interface with the hybrid treatment were investigated. It was found that the oxide film between the Al–Mg intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layer and the eutectic layer of the Al/Mg interface with 0.6 wt% Gd was partially dissolved and become less continuous. The Al₂Gd and Al₈Mn₄Gd precipitates were formed and aggregated at the eutectic layer of the interface. The oxide film of the interface with hybrid treatment was completely removed. A more homogeneous interfacial structure was achieved. The Mg₂Si particles, Al₂Gd and Al₈Mn₄Gd precipitates were dispersed and refined. The coherent relationships among Mg₂Si, Al₁₂Mg₁₇ and δ-Mg as well as the Gd contained precipitates and Al₁₂Mg₁₇ were revealed. The microhardness of the Al/Mg interface with hybrid treatment was the most homogeneous. The shear strength of Al/Mg bimetal with hybrid treatment was 59.0 MPa, which increased by 57.8%, compared with that of the untreated bimetal. The crack origin during shear deformation was changed from the location of oxide film to the boundary between the solid insert and the IMCs layer. The strengthening mechanisms of the Al/Mg interface with hybrid treatment were precipitation strengthening, dispersing strengthening and refinement strengthening.

{"title":"Influence of Gd alloying and ultrasonic vibration hybrid treatment on the microstructures, mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms of Al/Mg interface by compound casting","authors":"Qingqing Li , Wenming Jiang , Yuancai Xu , Linghui Yu , Ziwei Peng , Yunchang Xin , Zitian Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hybrid treatment of Gd alloying and ultrasonic vibration was employed to improve microstructure and bonding performance of Al/Mg interface by compound casting, and the interfacial microstructures, mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms of the Al/Mg interface with the hybrid treatment were investigated. It was found that the oxide film between the Al–Mg intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layer and the eutectic layer of the Al/Mg interface with 0.6 wt% Gd was partially dissolved and become less continuous. The Al<sub>2</sub>Gd and Al<sub>8</sub>Mn<sub>4</sub>Gd precipitates were formed and aggregated at the eutectic layer of the interface. The oxide film of the interface with hybrid treatment was completely removed. A more homogeneous interfacial structure was achieved. The Mg<sub>2</sub>Si particles, Al<sub>2</sub>Gd and Al<sub>8</sub>Mn<sub>4</sub>Gd precipitates were dispersed and refined. The coherent relationships among Mg<sub>2</sub>Si, Al<sub>12</sub>Mg<sub>17</sub> and δ-Mg as well as the Gd contained precipitates and Al<sub>12</sub>Mg<sub>17</sub> were revealed. The microhardness of the Al/Mg interface with hybrid treatment was the most homogeneous. The shear strength of Al/Mg bimetal with hybrid treatment was 59.0 MPa, which increased by 57.8%, compared with that of the untreated bimetal. The crack origin during shear deformation was changed from the location of oxide film to the boundary between the solid insert and the IMCs layer. The strengthening mechanisms of the Al/Mg interface with hybrid treatment were precipitation strengthening, dispersing strengthening and refinement strengthening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 1040-1053"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sintering temperature dependence of microstructure evolution and compression performance of a novel circular Al honeycomb fabricated via powder sintering

IF 6.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.087

Zhigang Xu , Enpeng Guo , Dayong Shen , Zhi Yang , Chong Xie , Jian Peng , Qiang Shen , Chuanbin Wang

In this study, a novel circular Al honeycomb with hierarchical porous size was fabricated by powder sintering at different temperatures (400–600 °C), utilizing an Al/Mg powder mixture as metallurgical bonding layers between hollow Al tube arrays. It aimed to investigate the effect of sintering temperature on the phase evolution, the metallurgical bonding at the powder-tube interfaces, and the diffusion behavior of Mg in the inner and outer walls of the tubes in the honeycombs. The results indicated that Al₃Mg₂ and Al₁₂Mg₁₇ phases formed in the powder layers at 400 °C, while only the Al(Mg) solid solution phase was present above 450 °C. As the temperature increased, the diffusion depth of Mg in the inner and outer walls of the tubes increased, which broadened the bidirectional Mg concentration gradient and corresponding bidirectional microhardness structure. This resulted in higher Mg content and enhanced microhardness at the center of the tube walls. Meanwhile, the rise in temperature enhanced the metallurgical bonding both within the powder layers and between the powders and the tube walls, leading to improved compressive performance of the honeycombs. The honeycomb sintered at 600 °C, in general, exhibited the optimal mechanical properties, with a plateau stress of 63.2 MPa. This study clearly elucidated the strengthening mechanism of metallurgical bonding at the powder-tube interfaces and the diffusion behavior of Mg in both the inner and outer walls of the Al tubes at various sintering temperatures, which offered significant theoretical insights for the preparation and performance optimization of circular Al honeycombs.

{"title":"Sintering temperature dependence of microstructure evolution and compression performance of a novel circular Al honeycomb fabricated via powder sintering","authors":"Zhigang Xu , Enpeng Guo , Dayong Shen , Zhi Yang , Chong Xie , Jian Peng , Qiang Shen , Chuanbin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.01.087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel circular Al honeycomb with hierarchical porous size was fabricated by powder sintering at different temperatures (400–600 °C), utilizing an Al/Mg powder mixture as metallurgical bonding layers between hollow Al tube arrays. It aimed to investigate the effect of sintering temperature on the phase evolution, the metallurgical bonding at the powder-tube interfaces, and the diffusion behavior of Mg in the inner and outer walls of the tubes in the honeycombs. The results indicated that Al₃Mg₂ and Al₁₂Mg₁₇ phases formed in the powder layers at 400 °C, while only the Al(Mg) solid solution phase was present above 450 °C. As the temperature increased, the diffusion depth of Mg in the inner and outer walls of the tubes increased, which broadened the bidirectional Mg concentration gradient and corresponding bidirectional microhardness structure. This resulted in higher Mg content and enhanced microhardness at the center of the tube walls. Meanwhile, the rise in temperature enhanced the metallurgical bonding both within the powder layers and between the powders and the tube walls, leading to improved compressive performance of the honeycombs. The honeycomb sintered at 600 °C, in general, exhibited the optimal mechanical properties, with a plateau stress of 63.2 MPa. This study clearly elucidated the strengthening mechanism of metallurgical bonding at the powder-tube interfaces and the diffusion behavior of Mg in both the inner and outer walls of the Al tubes at various sintering temperatures, which offered significant theoretical insights for the preparation and performance optimization of circular Al honeycombs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 1113-1125"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0