Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t最新文献_第4页

3D printed Ti3C2Tx MXene/carbon fibers reinforced SiOC periodical lattice structures towards superior lubrication performance 3D打印Ti3C2Tx MXene/碳纤维增强SiOC周期性晶格结构，具有卓越的润滑性能

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.177

Yu Zhao , Xinyi Zhang , Mengyi Hou , Peng Chang , Jing Guo , Xiwen Zhang , Hui Mei , Laifei Cheng

Minimizing friction and wear of advanced ceramic materials has attracted considerable attention in the high-end equipment manufacturing applications. Despite significant progress in this field, realizing stable high lubrication under macroscopic dry sliding conditions remains a challenge. Herein, by utilizing 3D printing technology, the ceramic based self-lubricating composites with low friction, high lubrication stability and ideal mechanical strength were developed through introducing microscale assembled Ti₃C₂T_x MXene/carbon fibers (MXene/C_f) network into macroscale periodical lattice silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) structures. The octet-truss MXene/C_f/SiOC periodical lattice structure (MCSO) exhibits the largest compressive strength of 56.11 MPa, the highest Young's modulus of 40.87 GPa and a maximum energy absorption of 44.78 kJ⸱m⁻³. More impressively, MCSO achieves a minimum average friction coefficient of about 0.14 under a normal load of 1 N and a frequency of 1 Hz, while remains at a low and stable value of approximately 0.26 under 5 N, 5 Hz and 18000 sliding cycles. The high mechanical support and wear debris capture provided by the octet-truss periodical lattice structure, as well as the structure damage suppression and continuous lubrication effect driven by internal MXene/C_f, contribute to such excellent lubrication durability. The demonstrated strategy offers an attractive pathway for the design of high-performance lubrication devices operating under harsh conditions.

如何使先进陶瓷材料的摩擦磨损最小化，在高端装备制造中得到了广泛的应用。尽管该领域取得了重大进展，但在宏观干滑动条件下实现稳定的高润滑仍然是一个挑战。本文利用3D打印技术，将微尺度组装Ti3C2Tx MXene/碳纤维（MXene/Cf）网络引入宏观尺度周期点阵碳化硅（SiOC）结构，开发出具有低摩擦、高润滑稳定性和理想机械强度的陶瓷基自润滑复合材料。八元桁架MXene/Cf/SiOC周期晶格结构（MCSO）的最大抗压强度为56.11 MPa，杨氏模量最高为40.87 GPa，最大能量吸收为44.78 kJ⸱m−3。更令人印象深刻的是，MCSO在1 N、1 Hz的正常载荷下，平均摩擦系数最小，约为0.14，而在5 N、5 Hz、18000次滑动循环下，平均摩擦系数保持在0.26左右。八元桁架周期点阵结构提供的高机械支撑和磨损碎片捕获，以及内部MXene/Cf驱动的结构损伤抑制和连续润滑效果，都是如此优异的润滑耐久性的原因。所演示的策略为设计在恶劣条件下运行的高性能润滑装置提供了一条有吸引力的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of different organization states on corrosion resistance of Cu-7Ni-3Al-1Fe-1Mn alloy 不同组织状态对Cu-7Ni-3Al-1Fe-1Mn合金耐蚀性的影响

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.159

Lanqing Niu , Shuguo Jia , Haitao Liu , Kexing Song

Enhancing the corrosion resistance of copper-nickel alloys is crucial for extending their service life in marine engineering applications. This study employed an extrusion-annealing process to prepare Cu-7Ni-3Al-1Fe-1Mn alloys with different microstructural states. Comprehensive characterization methods including electrochemical testing, XPS, SEM, EBSD, and TEM were utilized to reveal the intrinsic mechanism by which heat treatment enhances alloy corrosion resistance through microstructural regulation. The results indicate that: (1) The formation of a homogeneous single-phase solid solution with strong (111) texture promotes the uniform and dense growth of a protective Cu₂O film; (2) Grain clusters composed of a high density of triple junctions and low Σ CSL grain boundaries effectively block the connectivity of random high-angle grain boundaries, significantly inhibiting intergranular corrosion propagation; (3) Selective oxidation of Al at corrosion film defects leads to in situ formation of Al₂O₃/Al(OH)₃, enabling dynamic repair of film defects and enhancing film stability. Furthermore, this study clarifies that the corrosion film growth mechanism follows the evolution pattern of “dissolution-precipitation → spontaneous inward oxidation.”

提高铜镍合金的耐腐蚀性能对延长其在海洋工程中的使用寿命至关重要。本研究采用挤压退火工艺制备了不同显微组织状态的Cu-7Ni-3Al-1Fe-1Mn合金。利用电化学测试、XPS、SEM、EBSD、TEM等综合表征方法，揭示了热处理通过组织调控提高合金耐蚀性的内在机制。结果表明：(1)具有强（111）织构的均匀单相固溶体的形成促进了Cu2O保护膜的均匀致密生长；(2)高密度的三重结和低Σ CSL晶界组成的晶粒团簇有效阻断了随机高角度晶界的连连，显著抑制了晶间腐蚀的扩展；(3)铝在腐蚀膜缺陷处的选择性氧化导致Al2O3/Al(OH)3在原位形成，从而实现膜缺陷的动态修复，提高膜的稳定性。进一步阐明了腐蚀膜的生长机制遵循“溶解—沉淀→自发向内氧化”的演化模式。

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引用次数: 0

Growth control and wettability of Ni–P microcone coatings synthesized by electroless deposition 化学沉积Ni-P微锥涂层的生长控制及润湿性

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.216

Jinqing Xiao , Xingang Wang , Zhan Liu , Junhui Li , Zhuo Chen , Yongzhen Gong

Micro/nano structures on metal surfaces were widely used in many fields due to their unique appearance and morphology. This study presented a simple and environmentally friendly electroless deposition method utilizing sodium hypophosphite to synthesize Ni–P microcone coatings. A systematic investigation was conducted on the effects of key process parameters on coating morphology, P content, and crystalline orientation. The results demonstrate that Ni–P coatings with different morphologies can be obtained by adjusting the process parameters. Crucially, the formation of these microcones was found to require a low phosphorus content of approximately 3.5 wt.%. And the Ni–P microcone coating exhibited a strong preference orientation of Ni(1 1 1). Based on the microscopic observation of the microcone structure and crystallographic analysis, it was suggested that the growth mechanism of Ni–P microcone coatings may be explained by the screw dislocation theory. The microcone-structured surface exhibited a water contact angle of up to 127°, significantly higher than that of flat Ni–P coatings (<110°), demonstrating the efficacy of the microstructure in enhancing surface hydrophobicity. This work provides a viable and scalable strategy for fabricating functional Ni–P microcone coatings.

金属表面的微纳结构以其独特的外观和形态在许多领域得到了广泛的应用。本研究提出了一种简单、环保的化学沉积方法，利用次亚磷酸钠合成镍磷微锥涂层。系统研究了关键工艺参数对镀层形貌、P含量和结晶取向的影响。结果表明，通过调整工艺参数可以得到不同形貌的Ni-P镀层。至关重要的是，发现这些微锥的形成需要大约3.5 wt.%的低磷含量。Ni - p微锥涂层表现出较强的Ni（11 - 11）偏好取向。通过对微锥结构的微观观察和晶体学分析，认为镍磷微锥涂层的生长机理可以用螺位错理论来解释。微锥结构表面的水接触角高达127°，显著高于扁平Ni-P涂层（110°），表明微锥结构具有增强表面疏水性的作用。这项工作为制备功能性Ni-P微锥涂层提供了一种可行的、可扩展的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Microstructural evolution and high-temperature deformation behavior of wire arc additively manufactured Inconel 718 forging Preforms: Toward a hybrid Additive–Forging Process 丝弧增材制造Inconel 718预锻件的显微组织演变和高温变形行为：走向复合增材锻造工艺

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.213

Sambhaji Kusekar , Prashant Dhondapure , Mohammad Jahazi , Showmik Ahsan , Henry Young , Tushar Borkar

Hybrid manufacturing routes combine additive manufacturing (AM) with conventional methods. They offer a potentially faster, more economical pathway to produce engineered components with performance that equals or exceeds that of wrought or cast counterparts. In these strategies, AM allows fabrication of preform geometries without the need for custom tooling or feedstock. Conventional post-processing mitigates AM-specific issues such as anisotropic mechanical properties, residual stresses, porosity, and the presence of large columnar grains with pronounced texture. This study focuses on a hybrid AM-forging approach, in which the hot deformation behaviour of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) processed Inconel 718 preforms was evaluated using hot compression tests (HCT). Cylindrical samples from WAAM deposited walls were hot compressed in a Gleeble® 3800 physical simulator at 927–1100 °C and strain rates of 0.01–5 s⁻¹. The evolution of microstructural anisotropy and flow behavior under these conditions was examined using optical microscopy (OM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) was dominant in specimens deformed at 5 s⁻¹, while dynamic recovery (DRV) prevailed at 0.01s⁻¹. The size of recrystallized grains during hot deformation was predicted using a phenomenological model based on the Zener-Hollomon parameter. The results revealed that grain size varies as a function of strain, enabling the tailoring of the grain structure of components forged from AM preforms. Processing maps indicated a power dissipation efficiency (η) of ∼0.33 in a stable hot-working regime, consistent with DRX-dominated microstructural refinement.

混合制造路线将增材制造（AM）与传统制造方法相结合。它们提供了一种可能更快、更经济的途径来生产性能等于或超过锻造或铸造同类产品的工程部件。在这些策略中，增材制造允许预制几何形状的制造，而无需定制工具或原料。传统的后处理减轻了am特有的问题，如各向异性力学性能、残余应力、孔隙率和具有明显纹理的大柱状颗粒的存在。本研究的重点是一种混合am锻造方法，其中使用热压缩试验（HCT）评估电弧增材制造（WAAM）加工的Inconel 718预成形的热变形行为。在Gleeble®3800物理模拟器中，在927-1100°C和应变速率为0.01-5 s−1的条件下，热压缩来自WAAM沉积壁的圆柱形样品。利用光学显微镜（OM）、场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）和电子背散射衍射仪（EBSD）研究了这些条件下微观结构各向异性和流动行为的演变。在5 s−1时，动态再结晶（DRX）占主导地位，而在0.01s−1时，动态恢复（DRV）占主导地位。采用基于Zener-Hollomon参数的现象学模型预测了热变形过程中再结晶晶粒的尺寸。结果表明，晶粒尺寸随应变的变化而变化，这使得增材制造预制体锻造部件的晶粒结构可以定制。加工图显示，在稳定的热加工状态下，功率耗散效率（η）为~ 0.33，与drx主导的显微组织细化相一致。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanism of flash nickel interlayer in mitigating LME in resistance spot welding of high-strength steel with Zn–Al–Mg coating 高强钢镀Zn-Al-Mg涂层电阻点焊中闪动镍夹层减轻LME的机理

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.246

Wangjun Peng , Dafan Du , Anping Dong , Guangxin Wu , Zhao Shen , Baode Sun , Nannan Chen , Huaxiang Teng , Shuo Wang , Yunying Xie

Liquid metal assisted cracking (LME) are a critical limitation in the performance of Zn–Al–Mg coated High Strength Steel (HSS) during resistance spot welding (RSW). To mitigate this issue, a flash nickel interlayer has been implemented on the steel surface. The mechanism by which the flash nickel interlayer mitigated LME is investigated, focusing on the combined effects of stabilizing grain boundaries and influencing crack plasticity. The findings demonstrate that the flash nickel interlayer induces grain refinement and optimizes grain orientation, enhancing dislocation accumulation near the crack tip to dissipate strain energy. This process increases the proportion of grains with Schmid factors between 0.4 and 0.5, dispersing local stress and altering the crack propagation path. The flash nickel interlayer reduces crack depth by 60.42 % and crack quantity by 90.47 %. Furthermore, it significantly enhances the strength and ductility of the welded joints, transitioning the fracture morphology from brittle-dominated to a brittle-ductile combination. Ni and Al additions strengthen Fe–Fe bonding and stabilize grain boundaries at the electronic level, whereas Mg addition weakens interfacial cohesion and thus promotes embrittlement. This study elucidates the mechanism of the flash nickel interlayer in mitigating LME across atomic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic scales, offering theoretical and experimental insights for the optimizing HSS during RSW processes and developing anti-embrittlement coatings.

液态金属辅助裂纹（LME）是影响Zn-Al-Mg涂层高强钢（HSS）电阻点焊性能的一个重要因素。为了缓解这一问题，在钢表面采用了闪蒸镍中间层。研究了闪晶镍层减轻LME的机理，重点研究了稳定晶界和影响裂纹塑性的联合作用。结果表明：闪晶镍层诱导晶粒细化，优化晶粒取向，促进了裂纹尖端附近的位错积累，从而耗散应变能；该过程增加了施密德系数在0.4 ~ 0.5之间的晶粒比例，分散了局部应力，改变了裂纹扩展路径。闪蒸镍夹层使裂纹深度减少60.42%，裂纹数量减少90.47%。此外，它显著提高了焊接接头的强度和延性，使断裂形态从脆性为主转变为脆性-韧性结合。Ni和Al的加入增强了Fe-Fe的结合，在电子水平上稳定了晶界，而Mg的加入削弱了界面的凝聚力，从而促进了脆化。本研究阐明了闪镍间层在原子、介观和宏观尺度上减轻LME的机理，为优化RSW过程中的HSS和开发抗脆化涂层提供了理论和实验见解。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing the long-term marine atmospheric corrosion performance of structural steel via an advanced tin thermal diffusion process 通过先进的锡热扩散工艺提高结构钢的长期海洋大气腐蚀性能

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.158

Bingqin Wang , Yadi Zhao , Ruichao Yan , Liangan Liu , Xuequn Cheng , Luntao Wang , Zhong Li , Chao Liu , Dawei Zhang , Xiaogang Li

In this study, 45 steel was taken as the research object, and a tin-iron alloy layer was prepared on its surface via a thermal diffusion tinning process. Combined with a series of characterization methods, the microstructure and element distribution of the thermal diffusion layer were systematically analyzed. Additionally, through cyclic immersion tests, electrochemical measurements, and outdoor exposure tests in marine atmosphere, the effects of thermal diffusion temperature and tin content in the diffusion agent on the structure and corrosion resistance of the thermal diffusion layer were systematically investigated. The results show that thermal diffusion tinning can form an alloy layer dominated by FeSn2 on the surface of 45 steel. Moreover, the higher the thermal diffusion temperature and the greater the tin content in the diffusion agent, the larger the thickness (up to 15 μm) and the better the compactness of the alloy layer. The corrosion resistance of the tinned steel is significantly better than that of 45 steel, and it is further improved with the increase of thermal diffusion temperature, tin content, and extension of thermal diffusion time. Among them, the tinned steel prepared under the thermal diffusion process of 80 %-280°C-4h exhibits a corrosion current density of 0.027 μA cm⁻², which is only 1/400 of that of 45 steel (12.095 μA cm⁻²), and demonstrates the latest corrosion initiation and slowest development rate in marine atmospheric exposure. The key factors contributing to the improved corrosion resistance are the stable structure of FeSn₂ intermetallic compounds in the thermal diffusion layer, the physical barrier effect of the dense alloy layer, and the protective rust layer formed during the corrosion process.

本研究以45钢为研究对象，采用热扩散镀锡工艺在其表面制备了锡铁合金层。结合一系列表征方法，系统分析了热扩散层的微观结构和元素分布。此外，通过循环浸没试验、电化学测量和海洋大气室外暴露试验，系统研究了扩散剂的热扩散温度和锡含量对热扩散层结构和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明：热扩散镀锡可在45钢表面形成以FeSn2为主的合金层；热扩散温度越高，扩散剂中锡含量越高，合金层厚度越大（可达15 μm），致密性越好。镀锡钢的耐腐蚀性能明显优于45钢，并随着热扩散温度、锡含量的增加和热扩散时间的延长而进一步提高。其中，在80% -280°C-4h热扩散条件下制备的锡钢的腐蚀电流密度为0.027 μA cm−2，仅为45钢（12.095 μA cm−2）的1/400，在海洋大气暴露中腐蚀起始时间最晚，发展速度最慢。热扩散层中FeSn2金属间化合物的稳定结构、致密合金层的物理屏障效应以及腐蚀过程中形成的保护锈层是提高耐蚀性的关键因素。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling microstructural heterogeneity, mechanical properties, and microbiologically induced selective corrosion in Q355 welded joints 揭示Q355焊接接头的显微组织不均匀性、力学性能和微生物诱导的选择性腐蚀

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.181

Wei Gao , Qingnan Zhang , Yuxin Tian , De Liu , Qi Wang , Hongying Yu , Dongbai Sun

This study systematically investigates the microstructure, mechanical performance, and microbiologically induced selective corrosion mechanisms of Q355 welded joints extracted from an offshore wind turbine tower. The results show that rapid cooling during welding significantly refines the grains in the welding zone (WZ), leading to the formation of high-angle grain boundaries and distinct crystallographic textures. In contrast, under welding heat input, the base metal (BM), initially consisting of polygonal ferrite and granular bainite, transforms into a microstructure dominated by upper bainite and continuously distributed carbides, thereby forming the heat-affected zone (HAZ). This region exhibits the highest density of low-angle grain boundaries and dislocations, rendering it the weakest zone in both mechanical and microbial corrosion tests. Mechanical testing shows that the yield strength of the welded region increases to 492.8 MPa compared with the BM, while elongation decreases to 11.1 %. Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) experiments further reveal a pronounced tendency for selective corrosion in the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Specifically, the corrosion current density in the HAZ increases to 11.6 μA cm⁻², accompanied by the greatest levels of biofilm accumulation and pit density. This tendency is further exacerbated by galvanic coupling. This study provides mechanistic insights into how microstructural heterogeneity governs both the intrinsic mechanical properties and the selective degradation of Q355 welded joints under marine service conditions.

本研究系统地研究了海上风力涡轮机塔架上Q355焊接接头的微观结构、力学性能和微生物诱导的选择性腐蚀机制。结果表明：焊接过程中的快速冷却使焊接区（WZ）的晶粒明显细化，形成高角度晶界和明显的晶体织构；相反，在焊接热输入下，母材（BM）由最初的多边形铁素体和粒状贝氏体组成，转变为以上贝氏体和连续分布的碳化物为主的组织，形成热影响区（HAZ）。该区域低角度晶界和位错密度最高，是机械腐蚀和微生物腐蚀试验中最薄弱的区域。力学试验结果表明，与BM相比，焊接区的屈服强度提高到492.8 MPa，伸长率下降到11.1%。微生物影响腐蚀（MIC）实验进一步揭示了铜绿假单胞菌存在下的明显选择性腐蚀趋势。其中，热影响区腐蚀电流密度达到11.6 μA cm−2，生物膜堆积和坑密度最大。这种趋势进一步加剧了电偶。该研究为Q355焊接接头在海上服役条件下的微观组织非均质性如何影响其内在力学性能和选择性退化提供了机理见解。

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引用次数: 0

A synergistic strategy for enhanced performance of CoCrNi/GH99 brazed joints after post weld heat treatment 提高CoCrNi/GH99钎焊接头焊后热处理性能的协同策略

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.186

X.C. Li , Y.Z. Liu , J. Sun , W. Fu , X.G. Song , Y.Y. Song , J. Qin , D.Y. Chao , S.P. Hu

The brazing of CoCrNi and GH99 medium-entropy alloys is essential for producing reliable, lightweight precision components for aerospace applications. However, as-brazed joints often exhibit degraded performance due to γ′ phase coarsening and brittle boride formation. In this study, post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) was applied to CoCrNi/BNi-5a/GH99 joints to refine precipitates and homogenize the microstructure of joints. Following a comprehensive and in-depth analysis, PWHT reduced boride content and improved both microstructural uniformity and the distribution of γ′ precipitates within the brazing seam. Higher PWHT temperatures and longer aging times further decreased boride content. The fracture mode transitioned from quasi-cleavage in the as-brazed condition to ductile fracture after PWHT, with simultaneous gains in strength and plasticity. Reduced boride content lowered stress concentration in the brazing seam, while deformation twins which were formed during shearing worked synergistically with γ′ precipitates to enhance mechanical performance of joints. This work offers valuable insights into microstructure regulation and precipitation strengthening for medium-entropy alloy brazed joints, suggesting a viable route for fabricating high-performance lightweight aerospace assemblies.

CoCrNi和GH99中熵合金的钎焊对于生产用于航空航天应用的可靠、轻质精密部件至关重要。然而，由于γ′相粗化和脆性硼化物的形成，钎焊接头往往表现出性能下降。本研究通过对CoCrNi/BNi-5a/GH99接头进行焊后热处理（PWHT），细化析出相，使接头组织均匀化。经过全面和深入的分析，PWHT降低了硼化物含量，改善了钎焊缝内的显微组织均匀性和γ′析出物的分布。较高的PWHT温度和较长的时效时间进一步降低了硼化物含量。钎焊后的断裂模式由钎焊时的准解理转变为韧性断裂，强度和塑性同时提高。硼化物含量的降低降低了钎焊焊缝的应力集中，而剪切过程中形成的变形孪晶与γ′相协同作用，提高了接头的力学性能。这项工作为中熵合金钎焊接头的微观组织调节和沉淀强化提供了有价值的见解，为制造高性能轻质航空航天组件提供了一条可行的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of the effects of a laser-induced integrated gradient structure on the wear resistance of EX30 bearing steel 激光诱导集成梯度结构对EX30轴承钢耐磨性影响的研究

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.143

Yang Wang , Guorong Wang , Jianye Yan , Yang Liao , Xia He , Lin Zhong , Gang Wei , Zhiming Xu

The gradient structure can enhance the wear resistance of low carbon steel while maintaining its impact toughness through the heterogeneous synergy between the surface layer and the interior layer region. However, the conventional surface single-gradient composition structure is increasingly failing to meet the service requirements of EX30 bearing steel. Therefore, an integrated gradient structure is proposed to further enhance the wear resistance of EX30 bearing steel under oil-lubricated conditions, and the friction and wear mechanisms of the steel with this integrated gradient structure are investigated. A carbon composition gradient was formed through carburizing heat treatment, and a nanocrystalline gradient layer was further induced by laser shock peening (LSP). The results indicate that the carburizing heat treatment formed a compositional gradient layer approximately 1.5 mm thick on the material surface. The plastic deformation induced by LSP eliminated the texture of the surface layer in specific orientations, triggered intense dislocation motion, and resulted in defect features such as dislocation accumulation and slip. Ultimately, a gradient nanocrystalline layer approximately 200 μm thick was formed. The single-composition gradient structure tends to generate localized stress concentration during reciprocating friction, leading to micro-cutting and plastic deformation. In contrast, the richer local defect characteristics and the abundance of nanograins in the integrated gradient structure promote the dispersion of surface strain over a wider stress range, significantly alleviating material damage and crack propagation caused by stress localization. Furthermore, the integrated gradient structure reduced the wear rate by 53.9 % and 54.3 % across different sliding frequencies compared to the single-gradient structure.

梯度结构通过表层与内层区域的非均相协同作用，在增强低碳钢耐磨性的同时保持其冲击韧性。然而，传统的表面单梯度组合结构越来越不能满足EX30轴承钢的使用要求。因此，为了进一步提高EX30轴承钢在油润滑条件下的耐磨性，提出了一种集成梯度结构，并对该集成梯度结构下EX30轴承钢的摩擦磨损机理进行了研究。渗碳热处理形成碳成分梯度，激光冲击强化进一步形成纳米晶梯度层。结果表明：渗碳热处理在材料表面形成了约1.5 mm厚的成分梯度层；LSP引起的塑性变形消除了表层特定方向的织构，引发了强烈的位错运动，产生了位错积累、滑移等缺陷特征。最终形成约200 μm厚的梯度纳米晶层。单组分梯度结构在往复摩擦过程中容易产生局部应力集中，导致微切削和塑性变形。相比之下，更丰富的局部缺陷特征和集成梯度结构中丰富的纳米颗粒促进了表面应变在更宽应力范围内的分散，显著减轻了应力局部化引起的材料损伤和裂纹扩展。与单一梯度结构相比，集成梯度结构在不同滑动频率下的磨损率分别降低了53.9%和54.3%。

{"title":"Investigation of the effects of a laser-induced integrated gradient structure on the wear resistance of EX30 bearing steel","authors":"Yang Wang , Guorong Wang , Jianye Yan , Yang Liao , Xia He , Lin Zhong , Gang Wei , Zhiming Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gradient structure can enhance the wear resistance of low carbon steel while maintaining its impact toughness through the heterogeneous synergy between the surface layer and the interior layer region. However, the conventional surface single-gradient composition structure is increasingly failing to meet the service requirements of EX30 bearing steel. Therefore, an integrated gradient structure is proposed to further enhance the wear resistance of EX30 bearing steel under oil-lubricated conditions, and the friction and wear mechanisms of the steel with this integrated gradient structure are investigated. A carbon composition gradient was formed through carburizing heat treatment, and a nanocrystalline gradient layer was further induced by laser shock peening (LSP). The results indicate that the carburizing heat treatment formed a compositional gradient layer approximately 1.5 mm thick on the material surface. The plastic deformation induced by LSP eliminated the texture of the surface layer in specific orientations, triggered intense dislocation motion, and resulted in defect features such as dislocation accumulation and slip. Ultimately, a gradient nanocrystalline layer approximately 200 μm thick was formed. The single-composition gradient structure tends to generate localized stress concentration during reciprocating friction, leading to micro-cutting and plastic deformation. In contrast, the richer local defect characteristics and the abundance of nanograins in the integrated gradient structure promote the dispersion of surface strain over a wider stress range, significantly alleviating material damage and crack propagation caused by stress localization. Furthermore, the integrated gradient structure reduced the wear rate by 53.9 % and 54.3 % across different sliding frequencies compared to the single-gradient structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 1003-1020"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Al-induced self-forming oxide layer enhances high-temperature oxidation resistance of TiZrNb lightweight refractory multi-principal element alloy 铝诱导自形成氧化层增强了TiZrNb轻质耐火多主元素合金的高温抗氧化性

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.236

Jiaqi Yu, Gang Qin, Yao Chen, Liang Wang, Yanqing Su, Ruirun Chen

Lightweight refractory multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) based on the TiZrNb system have garnered significant attention for aerospace applications owing to their exceptional specific strength and high-temperature mechanical properties. However, their practical utility is hindered by poor oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. This study investigates the effect of Al addition on the microstructural evolution and oxidation behavior of Al_x(NbTiZr)_100-x (x = 0, 4, 6, 8 at.%) MPEAs. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of Al promotes the formation of a protective Al₂O₃ layer, which effectively inhibits oxygen diffusion into the alloy and significantly reduces the oxidation rate. This led to a 63 % reduction in the oxidized weight gain of the alloy, decreasing from 179 mg/cm² to 66 mg/cm² after 50 h of oxidation. Moreover, the addition of Al facilitates the formation of stable complex oxides, thereby further enhancing the oxidation resistance of the alloy. This study demonstrates that the addition of Al not only enhances oxidation resistance but also significantly increases the alloy's yield strength. These findings provide valuable insights for alloy design strategies aimed at simultaneously optimizing mechanical performance and high-temperature oxidation resistance.

基于TiZrNb体系的轻质耐火多主元素合金（mpea）由于其优异的比强度和高温机械性能，在航空航天应用中引起了极大的关注。然而，它们在高温下的抗氧化性差，阻碍了它们的实际应用。本文研究了Al的加入对Alx(NbTiZr)100-x （x = 0,4,6,8 at）显微组织演变和氧化行为的影响。%) MPEAs。结果表明：Al的加入促进了Al2O3保护层的形成，有效地抑制了氧向合金中的扩散，显著降低了氧化速率；这导致合金的氧化增重降低了63%，氧化50小时后从179 mg/cm2降至66 mg/cm2。此外，Al的加入有利于形成稳定的络合氧化物，从而进一步增强了合金的抗氧化性。研究表明，Al的加入不仅增强了合金的抗氧化性，而且显著提高了合金的屈服强度。这些发现为旨在同时优化机械性能和高温抗氧化性的合金设计策略提供了有价值的见解。

{"title":"Al-induced self-forming oxide layer enhances high-temperature oxidation resistance of TiZrNb lightweight refractory multi-principal element alloy","authors":"Jiaqi Yu, Gang Qin, Yao Chen, Liang Wang, Yanqing Su, Ruirun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lightweight refractory multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) based on the TiZrNb system have garnered significant attention for aerospace applications owing to their exceptional specific strength and high-temperature mechanical properties. However, their practical utility is hindered by poor oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. This study investigates the effect of Al addition on the microstructural evolution and oxidation behavior of Al<sub><em>x</em></sub>(NbTiZr)<sub>100-<em>x</em></sub> (<em>x</em> = 0, 4, 6, 8 at.%) MPEAs. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of Al promotes the formation of a protective Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> layer, which effectively inhibits oxygen diffusion into the alloy and significantly reduces the oxidation rate. This led to a 63 % reduction in the oxidized weight gain of the alloy, decreasing from 179 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> to 66 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> after 50 h of oxidation. Moreover, the addition of Al facilitates the formation of stable complex oxides, thereby further enhancing the oxidation resistance of the alloy. This study demonstrates that the addition of Al not only enhances oxidation resistance but also significantly increases the alloy's yield strength. These findings provide valuable insights for alloy design strategies aimed at simultaneously optimizing mechanical performance and high-temperature oxidation resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"40 ","pages":"Pages 1130-1139"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0