Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t最新文献_第6页

Microstructural responses and strengthening mechanism in different zones of laser additive repaired Ti17 titanium alloy via laser shock peening 激光增材修复Ti17钛合金冲击强化不同区域的组织响应及强化机理

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.130

Jiaxuan Chi , Guanda Qu , Jie Ding , Hongyu Zhang , Wenting He , Dongsheng He , Hongqiang Zhang , Wei Guo

Laser additive manufacturing has been employed to repair titanium alloy aero blades and blisks due to its low heat input and narrow heat-affected zone (HAZ). However, laser additive repaired (LAR) specimens exhibit weak tensile and fatigue properties due to coarse microstructure and tensile residual stresses. In this study, laser shock peening (LSP) was applied to the LARed Ti17 titanium samples. The present study systematically compared the microstructural responses to LSP between the LDZ and WSZ. Results showed that the highest dislocation density was found in the wrought substrate zone (WSZ) with a value of 19.01 × 10¹⁴ m⁻², accompanied by stacking faults (SFs) distributed within grain boundaries of α phase. Unlike the dislocation proliferation observed in the WSZ, the LSP-treated laser deposited zone (LDZ) exhibits a distinct deformation mechanism: obstruction of dislocation glide triggers phase transformation from hexagonal-close-packed Ti (HCP–Ti) to face-centered-cubic Ti (FCC–Ti), with extensive twinning within the resultant FCC-Ti accommodating additional plastic strain. The orientation relationship between HCP-Ti and FCC-Ti was (0002)_HCP//(

\overline{1}

1

\overline{1}

)_FCC and [2

\overline{1} \overline{1}

0]_HCP//[

\overline{1} \overline{1}

0]_FCC. Interactions between dislocations, twins and SFs fragmented the coarse microstructure into refined structures. Besides, a high-pressure laser shock wave induced compressive residual stress on the surface. Consequently, the synergistic contributions from both the LDZ and WSZ, which included grain refinement and induced compressive residual stress, resulted in an extension of fatigue life.

激光增材制造技术具有热输入小、热影响区窄等优点，已广泛应用于钛合金航空叶片和翅片的修复。然而，激光添加剂修复（LAR）试样由于组织粗糙和拉伸残余应力，表现出较弱的拉伸和疲劳性能。在本研究中，激光冲击强化（LSP）应用于LARed Ti17钛样品。本研究系统地比较了LDZ和WSZ对LSP的微观结构响应。结果表明：变形衬底区（WSZ）的位错密度最高，为19.01 × 1014 m−2，并伴有α相晶界内分布的层错（SFs）；与WSZ中观察到的位错扩散不同，lsp处理的激光沉积区（LDZ）表现出独特的变形机制：位错滑动的阻碍触发了从六边形密排Ti （HCP-Ti）到面心立方Ti （FCC-Ti）的相变，在由此产生的FCC-Ti中存在广泛的孪生，可容纳额外的塑性应变。HCP- ti和FCC- ti的取向关系为（0002）HCP//(1 - 11 -)FCC和[21 - 1 - 1 - 0]HCP//[1 - 1 - 0]FCC。位错、孪晶和sf之间的相互作用使粗大的微观组织破碎成精细的组织。此外，高压激光冲击波在表面产生残余压应力。因此，LDZ和WSZ的协同作用，包括晶粒细化和诱导压残余应力，导致疲劳寿命的延长。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing repetition rate and fluence for improved groove depth in femtosecond laser processing of silicon 优化飞秒激光加工硅沟槽深度的重复率和影响

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.173

Siwei Zhang , Yuhang Li , Shunshuo Cai , Zhe Zhang , Kunpeng Zhang , Haiyan Shi , Misheng Liang , Rui You , Yiling Lian , Yu Hou , Zichen Zhang

Femtosecond laser processing allows controlled modification of the optical, electrical, and chemical properties of silicon microstructures, expanding their functional range. However, the fabrication of high–aspect ratio features remain difficult due to incomplete understanding of the interaction between laser parameters and material response. Herein, we processed silicon using femtosecond lasers at different fluences (2.32, 5.03, and 10.06 J/cm²) and repetition rates (1, 10, and 50 kHz). The optimal condition of 10 kHz and 2.32 J/cm² enabled significant structural improvement, multiple scans increased groove depth from 4 μm to 18 μm relative to a single scan, while simultaneously enhancing edge sharpness and suppressing recast layer formation. Transient reflectivity and plasma emission analyses revealed that material removal at a laser fluence of 2.32 J/cm² proceeds via a non-thermal phase transition, whereas higher fluences trigger pronounced phase explosion. Morphological evolution of the processed surfaces further suggests that at 10 kHz, cumulative thermal effects enhance ablation efficiency without inducing the plasma shielding observed at higher repetition rates. Under the proposed parameter conditions, repeated scanning increases the contact angle from 126° to 136°, demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach in tailoring surface functionality. This study provides a systematic understanding of silicon structuring dynamics and establishes a practical strategy for fabricating high-quality, application-relevant structures.

飞秒激光加工允许对硅微结构的光学、电学和化学性质进行可控修改，扩大其功能范围。然而，由于对激光参数和材料响应之间相互作用的理解不完全，高纵横比特征的制造仍然是困难的。在这里，我们使用不同影响（2.32、5.03和10.06 J/cm2）和重复频率（1、10和50 kHz）的飞秒激光处理硅。10 kHz和2.32 J/cm2的最佳条件显著改善了结构，与单次扫描相比，多次扫描将凹槽深度从4 μm增加到18 μm，同时增强了边缘锐度并抑制了重铸层的形成。瞬态反射率和等离子体发射分析表明，在2.32 J/cm2的激光能量下，材料的去除是通过非热相变进行的，而更高的能量会引发明显的相位爆炸。加工表面的形态演变进一步表明，在10 kHz时，累积热效应提高了烧蚀效率，而不会引起更高重复频率下观察到的等离子体屏蔽。在提出的参数条件下，重复扫描将接触角从126°增加到136°，证明了该方法在定制表面功能方面的有效性。本研究提供了对硅结构动力学的系统理解，并建立了制造高质量、应用相关结构的实用策略。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic performance in natural fiber hybrid composites: A review of weathering, thermal, and mechanical properties through filler integration 天然纤维混杂复合材料的协同性能：通过填料集成对其耐候、热和机械性能的研究综述

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.077

Timothy K. Mulenga , Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa , Chin Wei Lai , Khairul Anam , Marta M. Moure , Suchart Siengchin

Natural fiber composites (NFCs) reinforced with a variety of fillers are widely being explored for extended applications. The reinforcement of NFCs with fillers improves functionalities such as mechanical strength, thermal stability, and weathering properties. In this review, the impact of hybridization on the mechanical, thermal, and weathering properties of composites, reinforced by various natural fiber/synthetic fibers/fillers, is examined. This review provides a summary of the use of various fillers, both organic and inorganic, including substances like clay, carbon, silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, cellulose, plant nanofibers, and agricultural waste. The paper also explores the current challenges, and future perspectives of these composites. The effectiveness of fillers in NFC for industrial use is contingent on the amount and quality of raw materials, as well as the reliability of supply and adaptability of processes.

多种填料增强的天然纤维复合材料（nfc）正被广泛探索，以扩大其应用范围。用填料增强nfc可提高其机械强度、热稳定性和耐候性能等功能。在这篇综述中，杂化对由各种天然纤维/合成纤维/填料增强的复合材料的力学、热和风化性能的影响进行了研究。本文综述了各种有机和无机填料的使用，包括粘土、碳、二氧化硅、碳酸钙、纤维素、植物纳米纤维和农业废弃物等物质。本文还探讨了这些复合材料当前面临的挑战和未来的前景。工业近场通信中填料的有效性取决于原材料的数量和质量，以及供应的可靠性和工艺的适应性。

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of strength and toughness enhancement in 23MnNiMoCr54 chain ring steel through V–N microalloying and heat treatment optimization V-N微合金化及热处理优化23MnNiMoCr54链环钢强度和韧性增强机理

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.207

Jiale Li , Chaolei Zhang , Yong Wang , Gengyi Dong , Lie Chen , Shengyong Huang , Hongliang Chen , Jiansheng Yan , Shuize Wang , Xinping Mao

To meet the urgent demand for high strength and high impact toughness in mining ring chain steels for deep well coal mining, this study developed a new type of high-strength and tough steel based on 23MnNiMoCr54 steel through V–N microalloying. The microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanisms were systematically studied using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and mechanical property testing. The results show that V–N microalloying combined with optimized heat treatment promoted the precipitation of high-density, nano-sized MC-type carbonitrides, effectively suppressing the formation of coarse M₂₃C₆ and M₇C₃ phases. This led to a 29.7 % refinement in the size of the precipitates compared to the base steel and significantly increased the high-angle grain boundary fraction to 73.9 %. The dispersed nano-sized precipitates promoted grain refinement and significantly increased dislocation density through the pinning effect, leading to an increase of approximately 150 MPa in dislocation strengthening compared to 23MnNiMoCr54 steel. Meanwhile, the fine grains and dispersed small precipitates facilitated uniform stress distribution during impact testing and delayed the accumulation of geometrically necessary dislocations. The high fraction of HAGBs effectively suppressed crack initiation and propagation, significantly improving the impact toughness of the new steel. These findings provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the composition design and microstructure control of high-strength and tough low-alloy martensitic chain ring steels.

为满足深井采煤对高强度、高冲击韧性采矿用环链钢的迫切需求，本研究在23MnNiMoCr54钢的基础上，通过V-N微合金化，开发了一种新型高强度、高韧性钢。采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、x射线衍射和力学性能测试等方法系统研究了复合材料的显微组织演变和强化机理。结果表明：V-N微合金化结合优化热处理促进了高密度纳米mc型碳氮化物的析出，有效抑制了粗相M23C6和M7C3的形成；与母钢相比，这使得析出相的尺寸细化了29.7%，并显著提高了高角度晶界分数，达到73.9%。分散的纳米级析出物通过钉住作用促进了晶粒细化，显著提高了位错密度，使位错强化强度比23MnNiMoCr54钢提高了约150 MPa。同时，细小的晶粒和分散的小析出物有利于冲击试验过程中应力的均匀分布，延缓了几何必要位错的积累。高含量的HAGBs有效地抑制了裂纹的萌生和扩展，显著提高了新钢的冲击韧性。研究结果为高强韧低合金马氏体链环钢的成分设计和组织控制提供了理论依据和技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of annealing temperature on the forming limits of T2 copper/304 stainless steel composite thin strips under double-sided stamping 退火温度对T2铜/304不锈钢复合薄板双面冲压成形极限的影响

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.167

Xinhai Zhang , Haoran Zhang , Tao Wang , Xiaomiao Niu , Dongping He , Dayong Hao , Qingxue Huang

T2 copper/304 stainless steel (Cu/SS) composite thin strips are considered promising materials for applications in flexible electronics and aerospace industries. The forming limit diagram (FLD), which serves as a comprehensive indicator of material formability, allows for rapid assessment of the deformation state—whether safe, critical, or failed—based on the major and minor strains in the formed sheet. This study examines the effect of annealing temperature on the double-sided stamping behavior of Cu/SS composite thin strips by systematically evaluating the interfacial bonding strength, strain hardening exponent (n-value), and bending stress distribution. Results show that annealing at 400 °C provides adequate interfacial bonding strength to prevent interface cracking during stamping. Moreover, higher annealing temperatures significantly modify the n-value through microstructural evolution. As the annealing temperature increases from 400 °C to 900 °C, the n-value rises from 0.042 to 0.253, resulting in a marked upward shift of the forming limit curve and optimal formability at 900 °C. A notable asymmetry in double-sided forming limits is also revealed: at 800–900 °C, the higher n-value of the steel side, combined with non-uniform bending stress distribution and a shift of the neutral layer toward the steel side, leads to superior stamping performance on the steel side. In contrast, at 400–700 °C, the lower n-value of the steel side reduces its resistance to plastic deformation, rendering the copper side more formable. By adopting the FLD as a principal formability metric, this work offers a theoretical foundation for optimizing the forming processes of Cu/SS composite thin strips.

T2铜/304不锈钢（Cu/SS）复合薄带被认为是柔性电子和航空航天工业应用的有前途的材料。成形极限图（FLD）作为材料可成形性的综合指标，可以根据成形板材中的主要和次要应变，快速评估变形状态——安全、临界或失效。本研究通过系统评估界面结合强度、应变硬化指数（n值）和弯曲应力分布，探讨了退火温度对Cu/SS复合薄板双面冲压性能的影响。结果表明，在400℃下退火可以提供足够的界面结合强度，防止冲压过程中的界面开裂。此外，较高的退火温度通过微观组织演变显著改变了n值。随着退火温度从400℃升高到900℃，n值从0.042升高到0.253，导致成形极限曲线明显上移，900℃时成形性能最佳。在800 ~ 900℃时，钢侧较高的n值、不均匀的弯曲应力分布和中性层向钢侧的偏移导致了钢侧优异的冲压性能。相反，在400-700°C时，钢侧较低的n值降低了其抗塑性变形的能力，使铜侧更容易成形。采用FLD作为主要成形性能指标，为优化Cu/SS复合薄带材的成形工艺提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Metallurgical behavior and interfacial characteristics of GT35/20 steel dissimilar joint welded with CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy filler wire CoCrNi中熵合金焊丝焊接GT35/20钢异种接头的冶金行为及界面特征

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.161

Yinuo Li , Yong Zhou , Taijiang Li , Hui Dong , Liang Sun , Hongduo Wang , Yanming Liu

This study presents an innovative approach using a CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy (MEA) filler wire to join GT35 steel-bonded carbide to 20 steels via tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. The method addresses interfacial bonding issues caused by the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) mismatch and the poor wettability of TiC hard phases. Results indicate that backside argon shielding is essential to suppress TiC oxidation and eliminate root porosity. Under adequate protection, the weld metal formed a single face-centered cubic (FCC) solid solution. Microstructural characterization revealed a TiC particle-reinforced gradient transition layer, approximately 476 μm wide, at the GT35 interface. Mechanical property testing indicates that this gradient structure achieves a smooth microhardness transition from the GT35 substrate (∼1199.3 HV_0.3) to the weld center (∼205.4 HV_0.3). Impact test results demonstrate that the weld metal exhibits superior impact toughness compared to the 20 steel substrate. This study provides new material options and process strategies for high-performance connections between steel and cemented carbide.

本研究提出了一种创新的方法，使用CoCrNi中熵合金（MEA）填充丝通过钨惰性气体（TIG）焊接将GT35钢结合硬质合金与20钢连接。该方法解决了热膨胀系数（CTE）不匹配和TiC硬相润湿性差引起的界面粘合问题。结果表明，背面氩保护是抑制TiC氧化和消除根部孔隙的必要条件。在适当的保护下，焊缝金属形成单面心立方（FCC）固溶体。微观结构表征表明，在GT35界面处存在TiC颗粒增强的梯度过渡层，宽度约为476 μm。力学性能测试表明，这种梯度结构实现了从GT35基体（~ 1199.3 HV0.3）到焊缝中心（~ 205.4 HV0.3）的平滑显微硬度过渡。冲击试验结果表明，与20钢基体相比，焊缝金属具有更好的冲击韧性。该研究为钢与硬质合金之间的高性能连接提供了新的材料选择和工艺策略。

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引用次数: 0

Shear thickening fluids and gels as reinforcement in ballistic vest: an update review 剪切增稠流体和凝胶作为防弹背心的加固：最新综述

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.151

Dayanne Santos Silva , Maria de Fátima Vieira Marques , Maurício Ferrapontoff Lemos , Sergio Neves Monteiro

Shear thickening fluids (STFs) and shear thickening gels (STGs) are smart materials that undergo a reversible, rapid transition from a low-viscosity state to a highly viscous or quasi-solid phase when subjected to shear rates above a critical threshold. This dynamic thickening behavior enables efficient dissipation of impact energy, making these materials promising candidates for applications in ballistic protection, shock absorption and vibration mitigation. This review provides an updated and comprehensive analysis of STF- and STG-based reinforcement strategies for high-performance fabrics used in flexible armor systems. It examines how these materials enhance inter-yarn friction, restrict yarn pull-out, and improve load transfer, thereby increasing the mechanical robustness, durability and energy-absorption capacity of ballistic textiles. Recent advances from the past decade, particularly from 2021 to 2024, are synthesized to compare formulation approaches, rheological behavior, microstructural mechanisms, and ballistic performance. Critical challenges related to environmental stability, long-term durability, large-scale processing, and compliance with ballistic standards are also discussed. By integrating current knowledge and identifying unresolved research gaps, this review highlights the growing potential of STFs and STGs to advance next-generation personal protective equipment and to significantly improve the performance and reliability of flexible ballistic body armor.

剪切增稠流体（STFs）和剪切增稠凝胶（STGs）是一种智能材料，当剪切速率高于临界阈值时，它们会经历从低粘度状态到高粘度或准固相的可逆、快速转变。这种动态增厚特性使冲击能量有效耗散，使这些材料在弹道防护、减震和减振方面的应用成为有希望的候选者。本文综述了用于柔性装甲系统的高性能织物的STF和stg增强策略的最新和全面的分析。它研究了这些材料如何增强纱线间的摩擦，限制纱线的拉出，并改善负载转移，从而增加了弹道纺织品的机械坚固性，耐久性和能量吸收能力。综合了过去十年，特别是2021年至2024年的最新进展，比较了配方方法、流变行为、微观结构机制和弹道性能。还讨论了与环境稳定性、长期耐用性、大规模加工和符合弹道标准相关的关键挑战。通过整合现有知识和确定尚未解决的研究空白，本综述强调了stf和stg在推进下一代个人防护装备和显著提高柔性弹道防弹衣性能和可靠性方面的不断增长的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Hierarchical heterostructure AlCr1.3TiNi2 medium entropy alloy with exceptional strength and wear performance at low and intermediate temperatures fabricated by spark plasma sintering 采用火花等离子烧结技术制备了具有优异中低温强度和磨损性能的分层异质结构AlCr1.3TiNi2中熵合金

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.171

M. Torabi Parizi, H.R. Ezatpour

In this study, we explore the mechanical behavior and wear mechanisms in the hierarchical heterogeneous structured AlCr_1.3TiNi₂ MEA. Tailoring the hierarchy of a heterogeneous structure is affected by eutectic composition, high negative enthalpy and fabrication process (mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). These heterogeneities can be considered by bimodal distribution of grain size, microscale and sub-microscale B2 particles, tiny Ti rich-BCC phase and L2₁ phase, nano-scaled L1₂ and some L2₁ phases as well as chemical heterogeneity. The AlCr_1.3TiNi₂ MEA exhibits the highest compressive yield and ultimate compressive strengths which are about 2280 MPa and 2480 MPa at 400 °C. The yield and ultimate compressive strengths are about 2170 MPa and 2296 MPa, as well as 879 MPa and 1060 MPa at RT and 600 °C, respectively. At RT, the specific yield strength value of the alloy is 360 MPa cm³/g. The synergy of high hardness and low friction coefficient (

\sim

0.31) values is achieved for the alloy as a friction-reduced material at RT. Friction coefficient gradually increases to 0.46 at 400 °C and then 0.5 at 600 °C. Specific wear rate increases from 8.8 ∗ 10⁻⁵ mm³/N.m at RT to 17.8 ∗ 10⁻⁵ mm³/N.m at 400 °C and suddenly decreases to 2.2 ∗ 10⁻⁵ mm³/N.m at 600 °C (75 % lower than one at RT). Creation of dense oxide layer can cause higher friction coefficient whereas simultaneously decreases the specific wear rate. The superior synergy of anti-wear and friction-reduced abilities of the AlCr_1.3TiNi₂ MEA across a wide temperature range results from low friction coefficient and specific wear rate.

在这项研究中，我们探讨了分层异质结构AlCr1.3TiNi2 MEA的力学行为和磨损机制。共晶成分、高负焓和制造工艺（机械合金化（MA）和火花等离子烧结（SPS））会影响非均相结构的分层。这些非均质性可以通过晶粒尺寸的双峰分布、微尺度和亚尺度B2颗粒、微小的富Ti bcc相和L21相、纳米尺度L12和部分L21相以及化学非均质性来考虑。AlCr1.3TiNi2 MEA在400℃时表现出最高的抗压屈服和极限抗压强度，分别为2280 MPa和2480 MPa。在室温和600℃时，屈服强度和极限抗压强度分别为2170 MPa和2296 MPa， 879 MPa和1060 MPa。在室温下，合金的比屈服强度为360 MPa cm3/g。合金作为减摩擦材料，在高温下实现了高硬度和低摩擦系数（~ 0.31）值的协同作用。摩擦系数在400℃时逐渐增加到0.46，然后在600℃时增加到0.5。比磨损率由8.8 * 10−5 mm3/N增加。m在RT至17.8 * 10−5 mm3/N。并突然降低到2.2 * 10−5 mm3/N。在600℃下（比室温下低75%）。致密氧化层的形成可以提高摩擦系数，同时降低比磨损率。低摩擦系数和比磨损率是AlCr1.3TiNi2 MEA在宽温度范围内抗磨和减摩能力的卓越协同作用的结果。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of annealing treatment on microstructure and residual stress evolution in a selective laser melted Ni-based superalloy 退火处理对选择性激光熔化镍基高温合金显微组织和残余应力演变的影响

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.168

Yiming Ning , Yan Zhao , Xue Zhang , Huan Zhang , Yahang Mu , Jingjing Liang , Jinguo Li , Jianjun Guan , Yanhong Yang

The ZGH452 alloy possesses outstanding high-temperature strength, corrosion resistance, and fatigue durability, offering strong potential for aerospace and energy applications. However, its high crack sensitivity limits widespread use. To address this issue, the present work examines the effects of annealing temperature from 500 to 1300 °C on the microstructural evolution and residual stress relaxation of the alloy fabricated by selective laser melting. The results reveal that no γ′ precipitates form below 800 °C, while fine coherent γ′ particles with an average size of about 115 nm emerge at 900 °C and coarsen to approximately 300 nm at 1000 °C, where crack density reaches its maximum. Further heating promotes γ′ coarsening, partial dissolution, and reprecipitation, producing a uniform equiaxed morphology of around 198 nm and pronounced crack healing at 1300 °C. Residual stresses decrease sharply with increasing temperature and nearly vanish above 1200 °C due to diffusion- and recrystallization-assisted relaxation. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis confirms a transition from partial recrystallization of about 25 % to nearly complete recrystallization of approximately 90 % between 1100 and 1300 °C. The hardness evolution follows three distinct regimes: stress-relaxation softening, γ′-strengthening, and recrystallization recovery. These findings provide important references for optimizing post-annealing treatments and enhancing the structural integrity of selective laser melted ZGH452 alloy.

ZGH452合金具有出色的高温强度、耐腐蚀性和疲劳耐久性，在航空航天和能源应用方面具有强大的潜力。然而，其高裂纹灵敏度限制了其广泛应用。为了解决这一问题，本工作研究了500 ~ 1300℃退火温度对选择性激光熔化合金显微组织演变和残余应力松弛的影响。结果表明：在800℃以下，合金中没有γ′析出相，900℃时出现平均尺寸为115 nm的细小γ′相，1000℃时粗化到300 nm左右，裂纹密度达到最大值。进一步加热促进γ′粗化、部分溶解和再析出，产生198 nm左右的均匀等轴形貌，在1300℃时裂纹明显愈合。残余应力随着温度的升高而急剧降低，在1200℃以上由于扩散和再结晶辅助松弛几乎消失。电子后向散射衍射分析证实，在1100 ~ 1300℃之间，从25%左右的部分再结晶转变为90%左右的几乎完全再结晶。硬度演变遵循三种不同的模式：应力松弛软化、γ′强化和再结晶恢复。研究结果为优化后退火工艺，提高ZGH452合金的结构完整性提供了重要参考。

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引用次数: 0

Hot-extruded ultra-conductive carbon aluminum composites for efficient power transmission 热挤压超导碳铝复合材料，高效电力传输

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.156

Obieda R. Altarawneh , Jakia Sharmin Mim , Omar Movil , Pawel Kazanowski , Aidan Din , Lucas Eddy , James M. Tour , Rudolph Olson III , Frank Kraft , Yahya Al-Majali

The rising demand for efficient energy transmission, driven by the electrification of buildings and transportation, highlights the need for lightweight, cost-effective conductors with improved electrical performance and reduced environmental impact. Aluminum, widely adopted in power transmission applications for its low density, favorable specific conductivity (i.e., conductivity per unit weight), and cost advantages, remains limited by its lower bulk electrical conductivity relative to copper. While prior studies have demonstrated improvements in aluminum conductivity using high-cost carbon nanomaterials such as CVD graphene, their scalability remains a critical barrier to commercial viability. This study explores the potential of coal-derived graphite and graphene as low-cost, scalable additives to enhance the bulk electrical conductivity of aluminum. Carbon-aluminum composite (CAC) 12 AWG wires with varying carbon content and carbon type were fabricated using a commercially mature solid-phase hot extrusion process. The wires were characterized by their microstructure, electrical, and mechanical properties. The best-performing CAC wire, containing 0.05 wt% coal-derived graphene, exhibited an electrical conductivity of 61.8 % IACS, corresponding to a 2.8 % increase over commercial AA1100 wire (60.1 % IACS) and a 2.5 % increase over a control wire (60.3 % IACS). Notably, this enhancement exceeds the highest conductivity improvements previously reported for aluminum composites fabricated with expensive commercial graphene. This work presents the first systematic validation of coal-derived carbons as effective and scalable additives for enhancing electrical conductivity, offering a promising and economically viable route for the development of next-generation conductive materials in energy infrastructure.

在建筑和交通电气化的推动下，对高效能源传输的需求不断增长，这凸显了对轻质、具有成本效益的导体的需求，这些导体既要提高电气性能，又要减少对环境的影响。铝因其低密度、良好的比电导率（即单位重量的电导率）和成本优势而被广泛应用于电力传输应用，但其相对于铜的整体电导率较低，因此仍然受到限制。虽然先前的研究表明，使用CVD石墨烯等高成本碳纳米材料可以改善铝的导电性，但其可扩展性仍然是商业可行性的关键障碍。本研究探索了煤衍生石墨和石墨烯作为低成本、可扩展添加剂的潜力，以提高铝的整体导电性。采用成熟的固相热挤压工艺制备了不同碳含量和碳类型的碳铝复合材料（CAC） 12awg丝。通过其微观结构、电学性能和力学性能对金属丝进行了表征。性能最好的CAC线，含有0.05 wt%煤衍生石墨烯，其电导率为61.8% IACS，比商用AA1100线（60.1% IACS）提高2.8%，比控制线（60.3% IACS）提高2.5%。值得注意的是，这种增强超过了先前报道的用昂贵的商用石墨烯制造的铝复合材料的最高导电性改进。这项工作首次系统验证了煤衍生碳作为提高导电性的有效和可扩展的添加剂，为能源基础设施中下一代导电材料的开发提供了一条有前途和经济可行的途径。

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