Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t最新文献_第6页

Mechanistic role of a Cu interlayer in dissimilar ultrasonic welding of Ti to low-carbon steel Cu中间层在Ti -低碳钢异种超声焊接中的机理作用

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.112

Farid Bashirzadeh , Tohid Saeid , Hyeong Seop Kim

Unlike conventional welding methods, dissimilar ultrasonic welding (USW) of steels to titanium alloys can avoid forming brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and the associated loss of mechanical properties. However, insufficient formability hinders the proper bonding of these two materials at the interface. In order to solve this problem, a copper interlayer was used. St12/Ti lap joints were fabricated using a Cu interlayer under the following conditions: 7 bar pressure, 2 s welding time, and 1 kW welding power. The microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of the joints were investigated. The deformation induced by USW resulted in a bond density of 91.42 % through severe plastic deformation. Microstructural examinations revealed deformation of surface asperities at the St12/Cu interface, along with a similar deformation and the formation of IMCs at the Cu/Ti interface. Consequently, the bonding mechanism at the St12/Cu interface is mechanical interlocking, whereas it involves both interdiffusion and mechanical interlocking at the Cu/Ti interface. The IMC layer at the Cu/Ti interface is primarily Cu₂Ti, with a maximum thickness of 11 μm. Diffusion analysis using Fick's second law revealed the enhancement of Ti interdiffusion into the Cu by thermo-mechanical coupling through localized heating and defect-assisted pathways. Electron backscatter diffraction revealed evidence of recrystallization and substructure formation in Cu and St12, whereas Ti experienced relatively low deformation. Lap shear testing showed strong bonding, with fracture occurring at the brittle Cu/Ti interface.

与传统的焊接方法不同，钢与钛合金的异种超声焊接（USW）可以避免形成脆性金属间化合物（IMCs）和相关的力学性能损失。然而，成形性不足阻碍了两种材料在界面处的正确结合。为了解决这一问题，采用了铜夹层。采用Cu中间层制备St12/Ti搭接接头，焊接压力为7bar，焊接时间为2s，焊接功率为1kw。研究了接头的组织演变和力学性能。由USW引起的变形通过剧烈的塑性变形导致了91.42%的粘结密度。显微组织检查显示，St12/Cu界面处出现了表面凹凸变形，同时Cu/Ti界面处也出现了类似的变形和IMCs的形成。因此，St12/Cu界面的键合机制是机械联锁，而Cu/Ti界面的键合机制既包括互扩散也包括机械联锁。Cu/Ti界面处的IMC层主要为Cu2Ti层，最大厚度为11 μm。利用菲克第二定律进行的扩散分析表明，通过局部加热和缺陷辅助途径，热-机械耦合增强了Ti向Cu的相互扩散。电子背散射衍射显示Cu和St12有再结晶和亚结构形成的证据，而Ti的变形相对较小。搭接剪切试验表明，铜/钛的脆性界面发生强粘结断裂。

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引用次数: 0

Wire arc additive manufacturing: A review on quality enhancement using nano-particle reinforcement 金属丝电弧增材制造：纳米颗粒增强材料提高质量的研究进展

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.095

Nagorao Surner , Kishan Fuse , Kiran Wakchaure , Vivek Patel

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) has emerged as a promising metal additive manufacturing technique due to its high deposition rate, cost-effectiveness, and ability to build large-scale components. However, challenges such as porosity, poor mechanical properties, limited microstructural control, and residual stress hinder its full potential. Incorporating nanoparticles into the WAAM process has recently gained significant attention as a strategy to enhance material performance. This review provides a detailed and systematic analysis of the various types of nanoparticles used in WAAM, their methods of incorporation, effects on microstructure, mechanical performance, and functional properties of the built components. This review provides the first comprehensive classification and quantitative analysis of nanoparticle incorporation strategies in WAAM, systematically categorising 72 research articles across four distinct deposition strategies, including feedstock modification, interlayer application, direct melt pool injection, and ultrasonic dispersion. This work presents a comparative framework analysing the relative efficacy of different nanoparticle types (carbides, nitrides, and oxides) across multiple alloy systems, revealing that TiC emerges as the most extensively studied reinforcement. The review establishes that nanoparticle addition demonstrates positive influence on yield strength and ultimate tensile strength up to optimal concentrations, beyond which agglomeration-induced property deterioration occurs. Furthermore, the review identifies future perspectives for the optimized integration of nanoparticles in WAAM for high-performance manufacturing, design of multifunctional and hybrid reinforcement strategies, and adoption of AI-driven predictive modeling. The review discusses the industrial adoption barriers of the process. This systematic framework provides practical guidance for nanoparticle selection and process optimization, accelerating the industrial deployment of nanoparticle-reinforced WAAM technology.

电弧增材制造（WAAM）由于其高沉积速率、高成本效益和能够制造大规模组件的能力，已经成为一种有前途的金属增材制造技术。然而，诸如孔隙度、较差的力学性能、有限的微观结构控制和残余应力等挑战阻碍了其充分发挥潜力。将纳米颗粒结合到WAAM工艺中作为一种提高材料性能的策略最近受到了极大的关注。本文详细系统地分析了WAAM中使用的各种类型的纳米颗粒，它们的掺入方法，对构建组件的微观结构、力学性能和功能特性的影响。这篇综述首次对纳米颗粒在WAAM中的掺入策略进行了全面的分类和定量分析，系统地对72篇研究论文进行了分类，涉及四种不同的沉积策略，包括原料改性、层间应用、直接熔池注入和超声波分散。这项工作提出了一个比较框架，分析了不同纳米颗粒类型（碳化物、氮化物和氧化物）在多种合金体系中的相对功效，揭示了TiC是研究最广泛的增强材料。研究表明，纳米颗粒的加入对屈服强度和极限抗拉强度有积极的影响，直至最佳浓度，超过最佳浓度会发生团聚导致的性能恶化。此外，该综述还确定了纳米颗粒在WAAM中用于高性能制造的优化集成、多功能和混合强化策略的设计以及采用人工智能驱动的预测建模的未来前景。本文讨论了该工艺的工业采用障碍。该系统框架为纳米颗粒的选择和工艺优化提供了实用指导，加速了纳米颗粒增强WAAM技术的工业部署。

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引用次数: 0

The development of high thermal conductivity die steel with excellent performance: Integrating alloy design, heat treatment, and ceramic particle reinforcement 高性能高导热模具钢的开发：集合金设计、热处理、陶瓷颗粒增强于一体

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.11.186

Bin-Bin Wang , Dan Zhang , Hong-Yu Yang , Bai-Xin Dong , Tian-Shu Liu , Jian Qiao , Pei-Jun Cong , Shi-Li Shu , De-Li Chen , Hai-Feng Luo , Xiao-Yu Ni , Jun Liu , Lin Liu , Feng Qiu , Qi-Chuan Jiang

Hot-forming processes including die casting, hot stamping, and injection molding impose high demands on die steels, where the choice of steels directly impacts the service life of molds, speed of production, costs and product quality. Currently, most research focuses on properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance, and oxidation resistance of die steels, while neglecting the critical property of thermal conductivity. This review emphasizes the importance of high thermal conductivity for die steels and, for the first time, conducts a comprehensive review centered on the thermal conductivity of steel, thereby addressing the long-standing gap in systematic summaries in this field. This review comprehensively summarizes the mechanism of thermal conduction and key microstructural factors influencing thermal conductivity. Based on this, two main approaches for enhancing the thermal conductivity of steels are discussed, including alloy composition optimization (low alloying element content, particularly with low silicon and chromium levels) and heat treatment process optimization (heat treatment like quenching and tempering is superior to quenching and deep cryogenic treatment, and appropriately increasing the tempering temperature within a certain range). High-thermal conductivity steels often face challenges such as insufficient mechanical properties and poor oxidation resistance. Since conventional strengthening methods are of limited feasibility, this review provides a fresh perspective by highlighting an emerging approach—reinforcing die steels with trace nano-ceramic particles to overcome the traditional trade-off between thermal conductivity and mechanical/oxidation properties. This integrated angle and the proposed strategy constitute a notably novel contribution for a review paper in this field.

热成形工艺包括压铸、热冲压、注塑等，对模具钢的要求很高，其中钢材的选择直接影响到模具的使用寿命、生产速度、成本和产品质量。目前，大多数研究集中在模具钢的强度、韧性、耐磨性和抗氧化性等性能上，而忽视了热导率这一关键性能。本文强调了模具钢的高导热性的重要性，并首次以钢的导热性为中心进行了全面的综述，从而解决了该领域长期以来系统总结的空白。本文综述了导热机理及影响导热性能的关键微观结构因素。在此基础上，讨论了提高钢导热系数的两种主要途径，即合金成分优化（低合金元素含量，特别是低硅、低铬含量）和热处理工艺优化（淬火回火等热处理优于淬火和深冷处理，在一定范围内适当提高回火温度）。高导热钢经常面临机械性能不足、抗氧化性差等挑战。由于传统的强化方法的可行性有限，本综述提供了一个新的视角，强调了一种新兴的方法-用微量纳米陶瓷颗粒增强模具钢，以克服传统的热导率和机械/氧化性能之间的权衡。这一综合角度和所提出的策略对这一领域的综述论文作出了显著的新颖贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Microstructure and properties of 6061 aluminum matrix composites reinforced with core-shell AlFeNiMnCu0.5 high entropy alloy particles AlFeNiMnCu0.5高熵合金颗粒增强6061铝基复合材料的组织与性能

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.097

Ming Yuan , Chenran Xu , Liyang Fang , Linjiansheng Zhao , Guanglong Xu , Yifang Ouyang , Xiaoma Tao

In this study, the BCC AlFeNiMnCu_0.5 high entropy alloy (HEA) was used as the reinforcement phase, and spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology was used to prepare core-shell structure and non-core shell structure composites at different sintering temperatures. The microstructure, mechanical properties, wear properties and corrosion properties of two composites with different mass fractions were studied. The formation and growth mechanism of the diffusion layer were obtained and analyzed. Experimental results manifested that the core-shell structure improved the comprehensive properties, especially plastic strain. The 15 wt% HEA/6061Al composite achieves a yield strength of 282 MPa and a plastic strain of 27.4 %, demonstrating enhancements of 35 % and 71 %, respectively, over the composite lacking the core-shell structure. Compared to the 6061Al (9.27 × 10⁻⁴ mm³/(N·m)), the 10 wt% core-shell composite exhibits a significantly lower wear rate of 0.64 × 10⁻⁵ mm³/(N·m). In terms of corrosion resistance, the composite with the core-shell structure exhibits a distinct passivation range and excellent resistance to pitting corrosion in a seawater environment. However, when the HEA content reaches 20 wt%, the performance of the core-shell structure composites decreases more significantly. Additionally, nanoindentation tests revealed that the diffusion layer exhibits higher nanohardness(13.46 GPa) and elastic modulus(185.59 GPa) than the HEA core, enabling it to effectively bear loads and inhibit crack propagation during compression tests. This work provides a new experimental basis and theoretical insight into the preparation and application of HEA-reinforced 6061 Al composites.

本研究以BCC AlFeNiMnCu0.5高熵合金（HEA）为增强相，采用火花等离子烧结（SPS）技术在不同烧结温度下制备了核壳结构和非核壳结构复合材料。研究了两种不同质量分数复合材料的显微组织、力学性能、磨损性能和腐蚀性能。得到并分析了扩散层的形成和生长机理。实验结果表明，核壳结构提高了材料的综合性能，尤其是塑性应变。15wt % HEA/6061Al复合材料的屈服强度为282 MPa，塑性应变为27.4%，与缺乏核壳结构的复合材料相比，分别提高了35%和71%。与6061Al （9.27 × 10−4 mm3/(N·m)）相比，10 wt%的核壳复合材料的磨损率显著降低，为0.64 × 10−5 mm3/（N·m）。在耐蚀性方面，具有核壳结构的复合材料具有明显的钝化范围，在海水环境中具有优异的耐点蚀性。然而，当HEA含量达到20%时，核壳结构复合材料的性能下降更为明显。纳米压痕试验表明，与HEA芯相比，扩散层具有更高的纳米硬度（13.46 GPa）和弹性模量（185.59 GPa），能够有效地承受载荷并抑制压缩试验中的裂纹扩展。本研究为hea增强6061 Al复合材料的制备和应用提供了新的实验依据和理论见解。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term corrosion behavior of borated stainless steel in a simulated spent fuel pool environment 硼化不锈钢在模拟乏燃料池环境中的长期腐蚀行为

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.045

Daehyeon Park , Yunju Lee , Junhyuk Ham , Seung Chang Yoo , Kiyoung Kim , Donghee Lee , Yongdeog Kim , Ji Hyun Kim

Borated stainless steel (BSS) is widely utilized as a neutron absorber material for criticality control in spent nuclear fuel pools, which use borated water to cool spent nuclear fuel to room temperature. By incorporating boron into SS304, BSS exhibits a higher neutron absorption cross section than other austenitic stainless steels. Boron in BSS has a low solubility in the austenite structure, leading to the formation of a secondary phase, (Fe, Cr)₂B, upon alloying. Given that BSS is intended for long-term use in spent nuclear fuel pools, it is important to evaluate its long-term integrity. This paper investigates the long-term corrosion behavior of BSS along with its oxide microstructure through an accelerated corrosion experiment simulating spent nuclear fuel pool conditions. The 2-year experiment was conducted at elevated temperatures based on the Arrhenius equation with temperature as a variable. Detailed microstructural analysis employed electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and image analysis. According to the results, upon oxidation, hematite oxide film was formed and shallow, non-propagating incipient localized attack was obserbed on the substrate; the features were typically ≈1–3 μm deep and accounted for <0.1 % of the cross-sectional thickness. Incipient localized attack from the relatively low Cr content in BSS compared to conventional stainless steel. Dissolution of Cr and B was observed from the secondary phase (Fe, Cr)₂B, indicating that B dissolution is caused by oxidation.

硼化不锈钢（BSS）作为中子吸收材料被广泛应用于乏燃料池的临界控制，乏燃料池使用含硼水将乏燃料冷却到室温。通过在SS304中加入硼，BSS表现出比其他奥氏体不锈钢更高的中子吸收截面。BSS中的硼在奥氏体结构中的溶解度较低，导致合金化后形成次级相（Fe, Cr）2B。鉴于BSS计划在乏核燃料池中长期使用，评估其长期完整性很重要。通过模拟乏燃料池条件的加速腐蚀实验，研究了BSS的长期腐蚀行为及其氧化物微观结构。根据以温度为变量的阿伦尼乌斯方程，在高温下进行了为期2年的实验。详细的微观结构分析采用电子显微镜、能量色散x射线光谱、电子探针显微分析和图像分析。结果表明：氧化后形成赤铁矿氧化膜，在基体上观察到浅而不扩展的初始局部侵蚀；这些特征的深度通常为≈1-3 μm，占截面厚度的0.1%。与传统不锈钢相比，BSS中相对较低的Cr含量导致了早期局部腐蚀。从次级相（Fe, Cr）2B中观察到Cr和B的溶解，表明B的溶解是由氧化引起的。

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引用次数: 0

Reducing stress corrosion cracking sensitivity of Inconel 625 alloy at different Cl− concentration by tailoring annealing twin boundaries 采用双晶界定制退火方法降低不同Cl−浓度下Inconel 625合金的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.046

Yubi Gao , Xin Wang , Jiayu Xu , Hongfei Zhang , Yutian Ding , Yu Fan , Sujun Lu

Annealing twin boundaries (ATBs) are low-energy grain boundaries (GBs) that play a key role in markedly enhancing the mechanical properties and stress corrosion resistance of Inconel 625 seamless tube. Here, the effect of ATBs on the stress corrosion sensitivity and mechanical properties of Inconel 625 alloy in Cl⁻-containing corrosion environment was investigated by slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests. The results show that compared with air media, Cl⁻-containing media improves the stress corrosion sensitivity of Inconel 625 alloy. Specifically, as the Cl⁻ concentration rises, the alloy's stress corrosion cracking (SCC) sensitivity increases, while its fracture elongation decreases. Meanwhile, at the same Cl⁻ concentration, the CR-AT1120 sample with a higher ATBs fraction exhibits higher fracture elongation and lower SCC sensitivity, which is mainly attributed to the fact that ATBs, as a special GB, can effectively inhibit crack initiation and propagation along the GBs, as well as Cl⁻ corrosion at the GBs. In addition, the stress corrosion failure mechanism of Inconel 625 alloy in Cl⁻ environments involves two critical effects. One is the high-temperature oxidation-induced crack propagation inhibition mechanism, where oxygen regulates crack growth by promoting oxide layer formation. The other is the localized corrosion mechanism triggered by Cl⁻ adsorption at crack tips, which accelerates material degradation. This indicates that tailoring ATBs fraction at the same grain size level could be an effective approach to improve the SCC resistances of Ni-based superalloys.

退火孪晶界（ATBs）是低能晶界（GBs），对显著提高Inconel 625无缝管的力学性能和抗应力腐蚀性能起着关键作用。通过慢应变速率拉伸（SSRT）试验，研究了ATBs对含Cl−腐蚀环境中Inconel 625合金应力腐蚀敏感性和力学性能的影响。结果表明：与空气介质相比，含Cl−介质提高了Inconel 625合金的应力腐蚀敏感性；随着Cl−浓度的升高，合金的应力腐蚀开裂（SCC）敏感性增加，断裂伸长率降低。同时，在相同Cl−浓度下，ATBs含量较高的CR-AT1120试样具有较高的断裂伸长率和较低的SCC敏感性，这主要是由于ATBs作为一种特殊的GB，可以有效地抑制沿GB的裂纹萌生和扩展，以及GB处的Cl−腐蚀。此外，Inconel 625合金在Cl−环境中的应力腐蚀破坏机制涉及两个关键效应。一是高温氧化诱导裂纹扩展的抑制机制，氧气通过促进氧化层的形成来调节裂纹扩展。二是裂纹尖端Cl−吸附引发的局部腐蚀机制，加速了材料的降解。这表明，在相同晶粒尺寸水平上定制ATBs分数可能是提高ni基高温合金抗SCC性能的有效方法。

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引用次数: 0

Microstructure and mechanical performance of nanostructured YSZ/NiCoCrAlY thermal barrier coatings via spark plasma sintering: Taguchi L9 optimization 火花等离子烧结纳米YSZ/NiCoCrAlY热障涂层的微观结构和力学性能：Taguchi L9优化

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.11.224

Kaveh Kolahgar Azari , Hamid Omidvar

In this investigation, nanostructured thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) comprising a yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramic topcoat and a NiCoCrAlY metallic bond coating were deposited on IN-713LC superalloy substrates via spark plasma sintering (SPS). A Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was utilized to systematically evaluate the influence of key SPS parameters—sintering temperature (900–1060 °C), uniaxial pressure (31.1–44.1 MPa), and dwell time (6–8 min)—on critical coating properties, including tensile adhesion strength, Vickers microhardness, and porosity. The optimal processing conditions (1060 °C, 31.1 MPa, 6 min) yielded coatings with a tensile adhesion strength of 90 MPa (ASTM C633, n = 3), microhardness of 800 HV0.3, and porosity of 2.0–2.5 % (quantified via image analysis, ASTM E2109). X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed a phase-pure tetragonal YSZ structure without secondary phases, whereas scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of cross-sections revealed a dense microstructure with excellent interfacial bonding and minimal defects. Statistical analysis, including signal-to-noise ratio (S/N, larger-is-better for adhesion and hardness; smaller-is-better for porosity) and analysis of variance (ANOVA), identified the sintering temperature as the primary factor affecting coating performance, followed by pressure, with dwell time exerting a lesser influence. A confirmation test at the predicted optimal conditions validated the statistical model within a 95 % confidence interval. These results underscore the efficacy of optimized SPS processing in fabricating high-performance TBCs with low porosity, superior adhesion, and enhanced mechanical properties, offering significant advantages over conventional coating techniques for high-temperature applications in gas turbine engines.

在本研究中，通过火花等离子烧结（SPS）在In - 713lc高温合金基底上沉积了由氧化钇稳定氧化锆（YSZ）陶瓷面漆和NiCoCrAlY金属结合涂层组成的纳米结构热障涂层（tbc）。采用Taguchi L9正交阵列，系统评价了SPS关键参数——烧结温度（900 ~ 1060℃）、单轴压力（31.1 ~ 44.1 MPa）和保温时间（6 ~ 8 min）对涂层抗拉附着强度、维氏显微硬度和孔隙率等关键性能的影响。最佳工艺条件（1060°C, 31.1 MPa, 6 min）得到的涂层抗拉强度为90 MPa (ASTM C633, n = 3)，显微硬度为800 HV0.3，孔隙率为2.0 - 2.5%（通过图像分析，ASTM E2109量化）。x射线衍射（XRD）证实其为无二次相的纯相四方YSZ结构，而截面扫描电镜（SEM）显示其微观结构致密，界面结合良好，缺陷最小。统计分析包括信噪比（S/N，附着力和硬度越大越好，孔隙率越小越好）和方差分析（ANOVA），发现烧结温度是影响涂层性能的主要因素，其次是压力，停留时间的影响较小。在预测的最佳条件下进行确认试验，在95%的置信区间内验证了统计模型。这些结果强调了优化SPS工艺在制造高性能tbc方面的有效性，该工艺具有低孔隙率、优异的附着力和增强的机械性能，在燃气涡轮发动机的高温应用中，与传统涂层技术相比具有显著优势。

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引用次数: 0

Strengthening mechanism of electroplated Cu layer on sintered Cu joint 电镀铜层对烧结铜接头的强化机理

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.051

Jian Huang , Bi Wang , Jingjie Yuan , Xinke Wu , Haidong Yan , Qi Feng , Miao Cai , Hongbo Qin

This study fabricated two joint types, rolled Cu/sintered Cu/rolled Cu and electroplated Cu/sintered Cu/electroplated Cu, referred to as the rolled and electroplated Cu joints, respectively. The microstructures, interconnection mechanisms, and shear performance of the joints were investigated, and effects of the substrate crystallographic and microstructural characteristics on these properties were clarified. The grain size of electroplated Cu substrate (i.e., electroplated Cu layer) was considerably smaller than that of rolled Cu substrate. The grain boundaries (GBs) in the electroplated Cu substrate were wider, providing more GB diffusion pathways for Cu atoms. During sintering, the wider GBs, higher GB density, and higher initial dislocation density of the electroplated Cu substrate affected the recrystallization of the sintered Cu layer. These features facilitated the high diffusion of Cu atoms along the GBs and dislocations from the electroplated Cu substrate into the sintered Cu layer, supplying abundant Cu atoms for recrystallization nucleation and refining sintered Cu grains. Meanwhile, in the rolled Cu joint, the sintered Cu layer tended to eliminate pores primarily via grain coalescence because of limited atom supply. Further, the rolled Cu substrate retained large grains and exhibited weak recrystallization and high dislocation density, with the subgrains not promptly eliminated. After sintering, the electroplated Cu substrate exhibited strong recrystallization, extensive subgrain elimination, and a low dislocation density. The shear strength of the electroplated Cu joint was markedly higher. These results indicate that electroplated Cu provides a simple and practical route to improve the reliability of sintered Cu joints in power devices.

本研究制备了轧制Cu/烧结Cu/轧制Cu和电镀Cu/烧结Cu/电镀Cu两种接头类型，分别称为轧制Cu和电镀Cu接头。研究了接头的微观组织、连接机制和剪切性能，并阐明了基体晶体学和微观组织特征对这些性能的影响。电镀Cu基板的晶粒尺寸（即电镀Cu层）明显小于轧制Cu基板的晶粒尺寸。电镀Cu衬底的晶界更宽，为Cu原子提供了更多的晶界扩散途径。在烧结过程中，电镀Cu基体的更宽的GB、更高的GB密度和更高的初始位错密度影响烧结Cu层的再结晶。这些特征促进了Cu原子沿GBs的高扩散和从电镀Cu基体向烧结Cu层的位错，为再结晶成核和细化烧结Cu晶粒提供了丰富的Cu原子。同时，在轧制Cu接头中，由于原子供应有限，烧结Cu层主要通过晶粒聚并来消除气孔。轧制后的Cu基体晶粒较大，再结晶弱，位错密度高，亚晶粒不能及时消除。烧结后，镀铜基体表现出较强的再结晶、广泛的亚晶消除和较低的位错密度。电镀铜接头的抗剪强度明显提高。结果表明，电镀Cu为提高功率器件烧结铜接头的可靠性提供了一条简单实用的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Dependence of the fracture behaviour and property on the microstructural parameters of TA15 titanium alloy with trimodal microstructure 三模态TA15钛合金断裂行为与性能与显微组织参数的关系

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.007

M.Y. Fei , P.F. Gao , Z.N. Lei , M. Zhan

The optimization of fracture property of trimodal microstructure plays a critical role in the service of important structural components of titanium alloys. However, trimodal microstructure (TMM), composed of lamellar α (α_l), equiaxed α (α_p), and transformed β (β_t), involves numerous microstructural parameters, and their changes can interactively affect the propagation paths of microscopic crack and macroscopic fracture property. To this end, the dependence of crack propagation behaviour and fracture toughness on microstructural parameters (content and size of α_p, length and thickness of α_l) of TMM was investigated by using a multiscale finite element model. It is found that the influence of microstructural parameters on crack propagation features and fracture toughness is non-monotonic. Specifically, as the α_p content or α_l length increases, the features of crack propagation path (tortuosity and energy consumption) and fracture toughness of TMM increase first, and then decrease. As the α_p size increases, the crack propagation features increase first and then decrease, and fracture toughness decreases first, and then increases. As the α_l thickness increases, the crack propagation features and fracture toughness present a fluctuating trend. On these bases, the principles for regulating microstructural parameters can be summarized as: the content of α_p ≈ 23 %, the size of α_p ≥ 18.5 μm, the length of α_l ≈ 17.7 μm, thickness of α_l ≥ 2.9 μm. The conclusions can provide guidance for determining the regulation objectives of TMMs to optimize the fracture properties.

三峰组织断裂性能的优化对钛合金重要结构件的服役具有重要意义。然而，由片层α (αl)、等轴α (αp)和相变β (βt)组成的三模态微观组织（TMM）涉及众多微观组织参数，它们的变化会相互影响微观裂纹的扩展路径和宏观断裂性能。为此，采用多尺度有限元模型研究了裂纹扩展行为和断裂韧性与TMM微观组织参数（αp的含量和尺寸、αl的长度和厚度）的关系。研究发现，微观组织参数对裂纹扩展特征和断裂韧性的影响是非单调的。随着αp含量或αl长度的增加，TMM的裂纹扩展路径特征（弯曲度和能量消耗）和断裂韧性先增大后减小。随着αp尺寸的增大，裂纹扩展特征先增大后减小，断裂韧性先减小后增大。随着α 1厚度的增加，裂纹扩展特征和断裂韧性呈波动趋势。在此基础上，αp的含量≈23%，αp的尺寸≥18.5 μm， αl的长度≈17.7 μm， αl的厚度≥2.9 μm是调节微观组织参数的原则。研究结果可为确定tmm调控目标以优化裂缝性能提供指导。

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引用次数: 0

Studies on the correlation between irradiation hardening and thermal conductivity of RPV steel irradiated with protons 质子辐照RPV钢辐照硬化与热导率的相关性研究

IF 6.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.11.227

Chaoliang Xu , Wenqing Jia , Qiwei Quan , Yuanfei Li , Jian Yin , Huanchun Wu , Xiao Jin , Xianglong Guo , Xiangbing Liu

Reactor pressure vessel (RPV) is a critical safety component in nuclear power plants, and irradiation embrittlement induced by hardening is its primary safety challenge. Developing a new method for evaluating hardening is an important safety management strategy. This study investigated a correlation between irradiation hardening and thermal conductivity of ion irradiated RPV steel and provides possible solutions. Specimens of RPV steel were irradiated with 240 keV proton. Four irradiation regions with damage levels of 0, 0.3, 1.0, and 1.6 dpa were prepared in the same specimen. The nano-indenter and time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) instrument were used to analyze the hardness and thermal conductivity variations. The hardness data array was obtained with hundreds of measurements and showed a significant hardening phenomenon. The thermal conductivity of irradiation damage layer was extracted and a decreasing tendency with increasing irradiation damage was observed. An approximate linear correlation between hardness and thermal conductivity was established. This correlation suggests a potential application of thermal conductivity as a significant hardening indicator for the non-destructive characterization of RPV during service.

反应堆压力容器（RPV）是核电站的关键安全部件，其硬化引起的辐照脆化是其首要的安全挑战。开发一种新的硬化评价方法是一项重要的安全管理策略。本文研究了离子辐照RPV钢的辐照硬化与热导率之间的关系，并提出了可能的解决方案。用240 keV质子辐照RPV钢试样。在同一试样上制备了损伤水平分别为0、0.3、1.0和1.6 dpa的4个辐照区。采用纳米压头和时域热反射（TDTR）仪分析了硬度和导热系数的变化。通过数百次测量得到硬度数据阵列，显示出明显的硬化现象。提取辐照损伤层的热导率，发现辐照损伤层的热导率随辐照损伤的增大而减小。硬度与导热系数之间建立了近似的线性关系。这种相关性表明，热导率作为RPV在使用期间无损表征的重要硬化指标的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0