Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.023
Yanzhao Zhang , Xiaoxiao Sui , GuoXiang Zhou , Yuhang Zhang , Fengnian Zhang , Kunpeng Lin , Zhe Zhao , Meiling Yang , Chang Kong , Ning Xie , Zhihua Yang , Dechang Jia , Yu Zhou
A sequential response-surface framework is proposed for the multi-objective optimization of photocurable slurries used in the digital light processing of technical ceramics. D-optimal experimental designs spanning oligomer/monomer/diluent classes simultaneously maximize refractive index and cure depth while minimising viscosity, identifying an EA-PEGDA-NVP system superior to alternative chemistries. A subsequent D-optimal design refines the component ratio, further increasing cure depth and suppressing viscosity, thereby widening the processing window relative to commercial benchmark resins. Formulation robustness is validated through defect-free printing of sub-100 μm through-holes in LTCC and successful shaping of strongly scattering AlN and MgTiO3-CaTiO3 ceramics, demonstrating broad applicability. Compared with conventional one-factor-at-a-time screening, the sequential RSM-D-optimal protocol markedly reduces the number of experimental runs, providing a generic workflow for the precision additive manufacturing of optically demanding ceramics.
{"title":"Multi-objective statistical optimization of high-refractive-index photocurable slurry for precision digital light processing of technical ceramics","authors":"Yanzhao Zhang , Xiaoxiao Sui , GuoXiang Zhou , Yuhang Zhang , Fengnian Zhang , Kunpeng Lin , Zhe Zhao , Meiling Yang , Chang Kong , Ning Xie , Zhihua Yang , Dechang Jia , Yu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A sequential response-surface framework is proposed for the multi-objective optimization of photocurable slurries used in the digital light processing of technical ceramics. D-optimal experimental designs spanning oligomer/monomer/diluent classes simultaneously maximize refractive index and cure depth while minimising viscosity, identifying an EA-PEGDA-NVP system superior to alternative chemistries. A subsequent D-optimal design refines the component ratio, further increasing cure depth and suppressing viscosity, thereby widening the processing window relative to commercial benchmark resins. Formulation robustness is validated through defect-free printing of sub-100 μm through-holes in LTCC and successful shaping of strongly scattering AlN and MgTiO<sub>3</sub>-CaTiO<sub>3</sub> ceramics, demonstrating broad applicability. Compared with conventional one-factor-at-a-time screening, the sequential RSM-D-optimal protocol markedly reduces the number of experimental runs, providing a generic workflow for the precision additive manufacturing of optically demanding ceramics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 286-298"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.11.215
Bicheng Guo , Jiyao Li , Shizhang Liu , Yingxu Lin , Xiuyu Chen , Feng Jiang , Xianling Li , Zhilong Xu
During the operation of large roll shafts, critical components experience severe wear and fatigue spalling under extreme thermal and mechanical loading conditions. This study systematically investigates the effects of different substrate surface pretreatment methods on the performance of laser cladding repair layers. The results demonstrate that preheating pretreatment effectively reduces thermal gradients during cladding, thereby lowering crack sensitivity. This approach achieved a reduced dilution rate of 21.91 % and enhanced shear strength by 11 %. EBSD analysis revealed that preheating promoted a homogeneous microstructure with well-developed cellular dendrites and equiaxed crystals, while oxidized specimens exhibited discontinuous grain boundaries and impurity-induced defects. Surface pretreatment with V-groove structures significantly improved interfacial bonding characteristics. With increasing groove depth, the wetting angle decreased by 19.8 %, while Ni element diffusion expanded by up to 112.77 %, collectively contributing to an 80 % improvement in shear strength. Microstructural analysis confirmed that the deep V-groove (350 μm) promoted uniform grain distribution, increased high-angle grain boundaries, and enhanced dislocation pinning. The Ni60A cladding layer exhibited a 9 % higher average hardness than the substrate, with an anomalously hardened interface zone attributed to grain refinement and high dislocation density. Fractographic analysis revealed that failure primarily occurs at the heat-affected zone interface, exhibiting typical ductile fracture morphology. Numerical simulations corroborated experimental findings, confirming that both preheating and V-groove pretreatment effectively reduce thermal gradients and minimize interfacial stress concentrations. This investigation provides valuable theoretical guidance for optimizing laser cladding repair processes and enhancing the mechanical performance of cladding layers in heavy industrial applications.
{"title":"Research on the influence of segmented surface pretreatment of rolls on the interfacial bonding and crack inhibition of Ni60A repair layer by laser cladding","authors":"Bicheng Guo , Jiyao Li , Shizhang Liu , Yingxu Lin , Xiuyu Chen , Feng Jiang , Xianling Li , Zhilong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.11.215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.11.215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the operation of large roll shafts, critical components experience severe wear and fatigue spalling under extreme thermal and mechanical loading conditions. This study systematically investigates the effects of different substrate surface pretreatment methods on the performance of laser cladding repair layers. The results demonstrate that preheating pretreatment effectively reduces thermal gradients during cladding, thereby lowering crack sensitivity. This approach achieved a reduced dilution rate of 21.91 % and enhanced shear strength by 11 %. EBSD analysis revealed that preheating promoted a homogeneous microstructure with well-developed cellular dendrites and equiaxed crystals, while oxidized specimens exhibited discontinuous grain boundaries and impurity-induced defects. Surface pretreatment with V-groove structures significantly improved interfacial bonding characteristics. With increasing groove depth, the wetting angle decreased by 19.8 %, while Ni element diffusion expanded by up to 112.77 %, collectively contributing to an 80 % improvement in shear strength. Microstructural analysis confirmed that the deep V-groove (350 μm) promoted uniform grain distribution, increased high-angle grain boundaries, and enhanced dislocation pinning. The Ni60A cladding layer exhibited a 9 % higher average hardness than the substrate, with an anomalously hardened interface zone attributed to grain refinement and high dislocation density. Fractographic analysis revealed that failure primarily occurs at the heat-affected zone interface, exhibiting typical ductile fracture morphology. Numerical simulations corroborated experimental findings, confirming that both preheating and V-groove pretreatment effectively reduce thermal gradients and minimize interfacial stress concentrations. This investigation provides valuable theoretical guidance for optimizing laser cladding repair processes and enhancing the mechanical performance of cladding layers in heavy industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 1012-1027"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.087
Ali Jalili , Hesam Pouraliakbar , Yoel Emun , Hooman Gholamzadeh , Mohammad Reza Jandaghi , Kevin Daub , Andrew Howells , Mark Gallerneault , Johan Moverare , Suraj Y. Persaud , Vahid Fallah
This study investigates the corrosion behavior of AA5182 Al–Mg alloy produced by thin-strip (TS) and direct-chill (DC) casting. Through immersion tests, polarization measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the impact of as-cast microstructure on corrosion resistance in HNO3 solution was examined. The results show that TS samples with reduced formation of intergranular Mg-rich eutectics, particularly β-Al3Mg2, exhibit a lower degree of sensitization (DOS), attributed to Mg supersaturation in the matrix due to rapid solidification, and demonstrate superior corrosion resistance.
{"title":"Corrosion behavior of AA5182 Al–Mg casts in HNO3: A comparative study of thin-strip and direct-chill casting","authors":"Ali Jalili , Hesam Pouraliakbar , Yoel Emun , Hooman Gholamzadeh , Mohammad Reza Jandaghi , Kevin Daub , Andrew Howells , Mark Gallerneault , Johan Moverare , Suraj Y. Persaud , Vahid Fallah","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the corrosion behavior of AA5182 Al–Mg alloy produced by thin-strip (TS) and direct-chill (DC) casting. Through immersion tests, polarization measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the impact of as-cast microstructure on corrosion resistance in HNO<sub>3</sub> solution was examined. The results show that TS samples with reduced formation of intergranular Mg-rich eutectics, particularly β-Al<sub>3</sub>Mg<sub>2</sub>, exhibit a lower degree of sensitization (DOS), attributed to Mg supersaturation in the matrix due to rapid solidification, and demonstrate superior corrosion resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 625-634"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.072
Yi-Ting Hsu, Yu-Ping Su, Ting-Hsuan Hsiao, Siao-Ying Chen, Te-Cheng Su, Chao-Sung Lin
Galvanic coupling between α-Mg and β-Li accelerates corrosion of dual-phase Mg–Li alloys, and the formation of Li carbonate has been reported to reduce corrosion. However, the influence of minor alloying elements, such as Zn and Al, on corrosion in dual-phase Mg–Li alloys is less well understood. The microstructure and corrosion behavior of commercial cold-rolled Mg–9Li–1Zn (LZ91) sheets were studied. The effect of Zn on corrosion was elucidated for the first time. The LZ91 sheet had a rolling texture composed of elongated, continuous β-Li and dispersed α-Mg phases, with Zn partitioned mainly in β-Li. Submicron MgLi2Zn second phase resided at β-Li grain boundaries and β-Li/α-Mg interfaces, and fewer inside β-Li grains. During immersion in 0.05 M NaCl, corrosion prevailed in β-Li and was negligible in α-Mg. The MgLi2Zn and β-Li micro-galvanic coupling resulted in the breakdown of the protective corrosion products. This study reveals, for the first time, how the presence of Zn in Mg–Li dual-phase alloys affects corrosion, highlighting that alloying elements and second phases are crucial to the corrosion susceptibility of dual-phase Mg–Li alloys.
α-Mg和β-Li之间的电偶联加速了双相Mg-Li合金的腐蚀，并且有报道称碳酸锂的形成减少了腐蚀。然而，少量合金元素，如Zn和Al，对双相Mg-Li合金腐蚀的影响尚不清楚。研究了商用冷轧Mg-9Li-1Zn （LZ91）薄板的显微组织和腐蚀行为。首次阐明了锌对腐蚀的影响。LZ91薄板具有由细长连续的β-Li相和分散的α-Mg相组成的滚动织构，其中Zn主要在β-Li相中分配。亚微米MgLi2Zn第二相主要分布在β-Li晶界和β-Li/α-Mg界面，较少分布在β-Li晶内。在0.05 M NaCl中浸泡时，β-Li腐蚀主要，α-Mg腐蚀可以忽略不计。MgLi2Zn与β-Li微电偶联导致防护腐蚀产物击穿。本研究首次揭示了锌在Mg-Li双相合金中的存在是如何影响腐蚀的，强调合金元素和第二相对Mg-Li双相合金的腐蚀敏感性至关重要。
{"title":"Partitioning of Zn and its effect on the corrosion of Mg–9Li–1Zn alloy","authors":"Yi-Ting Hsu, Yu-Ping Su, Ting-Hsuan Hsiao, Siao-Ying Chen, Te-Cheng Su, Chao-Sung Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Galvanic coupling between α-Mg and β-Li accelerates corrosion of dual-phase Mg–Li alloys, and the formation of Li carbonate has been reported to reduce corrosion. However, the influence of minor alloying elements, such as Zn and Al, on corrosion in dual-phase Mg–Li alloys is less well understood. The microstructure and corrosion behavior of commercial cold-rolled Mg–9Li–1Zn (LZ91) sheets were studied. The effect of Zn on corrosion was elucidated for the first time. The LZ91 sheet had a rolling texture composed of elongated, continuous β-Li and dispersed α-Mg phases, with Zn partitioned mainly in β-Li. Submicron MgLi<sub>2</sub>Zn second phase resided at β-Li grain boundaries and β-Li/α-Mg interfaces, and fewer inside β-Li grains. During immersion in 0.05 M NaCl, corrosion prevailed in β-Li and was negligible in α-Mg. The MgLi<sub>2</sub>Zn and β-Li micro-galvanic coupling resulted in the breakdown of the protective corrosion products. This study reveals, for the first time, how the presence of Zn in Mg–Li dual-phase alloys affects corrosion, highlighting that alloying elements and second phases are crucial to the corrosion susceptibility of dual-phase Mg–Li alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 1089-1105"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.040
Letian Bai , Gang Yu , Zunbin Duan , Yanfang Li , Guanglei Zhang
DLP 3D printing facilitates the fabrication of complex 3D porous architectures, thereby effectively enhancing the wave transmission performance of ceramics, but achieving uniform curing of multiple components in the ceramic slurry remains a critical challenge. The β-SiAlON/BN composite ceramics were prepared via surface modification of different ceramic powders, fabrication of photosensitive ceramic slurries, DLP 3D printing, and subsequent sintering treatment. Surface modification via the reaction of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) with the surfaces of different ceramic powders, which leverages its hydrolysis and condensation properties to uniform silica coating on the powder surfaces. A multi-component photosensitive ceramic slurry, thus prepared via this modification, exhibits both high curing depth and low viscosity, thereby overcoming the uneven curing issue during exposure of multi-component photosensitive ceramic slurries and enhancing the curing depth of non-oxide ceramics including Si3N4 and AlN. The mechanical and dielectric properties of β-SiAlON/BN composite ceramics with varying h-BN contents were systematically investigated. When the h-BN content was 5 wt%, the composite ceramic exhibited a flexural strength of 254.45 MPa, and the dielectric constant (ε) was significantly reduced to 3.1 within the 8.2–12.4 GHz frequency band. The diamond-type triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structure was modified with a trigonometric function-based variable density gradient design for the fabrication of complex porous ceramics. When the offset value ranged from −0.5 to 0, the shorter the function period, the smaller the ε of the structure, with the minimum ε decreasing to 2.15. These findings provide theoretical and technical references for lightweight structural design of wave-transparent ceramics, demonstrating broad prospects for high-performance applications such as radar systems, missiles, radomes, and antenna windows.
{"title":"A digital light processing 3D printing of TPMS variable density β-SiAlON/BN composite ceramics for enhancing wave transmission","authors":"Letian Bai , Gang Yu , Zunbin Duan , Yanfang Li , Guanglei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DLP 3D printing facilitates the fabrication of complex 3D porous architectures, thereby effectively enhancing the wave transmission performance of ceramics, but achieving uniform curing of multiple components in the ceramic slurry remains a critical challenge. The <em>β</em>-SiAlON/BN composite ceramics were prepared via surface modification of different ceramic powders, fabrication of photosensitive ceramic slurries, DLP 3D printing, and subsequent sintering treatment. Surface modification via the reaction of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) with the surfaces of different ceramic powders, which leverages its hydrolysis and condensation properties to uniform silica coating on the powder surfaces. A multi-component photosensitive ceramic slurry, thus prepared via this modification, exhibits both high curing depth and low viscosity, thereby overcoming the uneven curing issue during exposure of multi-component photosensitive ceramic slurries and enhancing the curing depth of non-oxide ceramics including Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and AlN. The mechanical and dielectric properties of <em>β</em>-SiAlON/BN composite ceramics with varying h-BN contents were systematically investigated. When the h-BN content was 5 wt%, the composite ceramic exhibited a flexural strength of 254.45 MPa, and the dielectric constant (<em>ε</em>) was significantly reduced to 3.1 within the 8.2–12.4 GHz frequency band. The diamond-type triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structure was modified with a trigonometric function-based variable density gradient design for the fabrication of complex porous ceramics. When the offset value ranged from −0.5 to 0, the shorter the function period, the smaller the <em>ε</em> of the structure, with the minimum <em>ε</em> decreasing to 2.15. These findings provide theoretical and technical references for lightweight structural design of wave-transparent ceramics, demonstrating broad prospects for high-performance applications such as radar systems, missiles, radomes, and antenna windows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 523-534"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.002
Gayeon Won , Sung-Sil Park , Yuri Park , Seok-Oh Ko , Bokseong Kim , Yuhoon Hwang
Three-dimensional (3D) printing enables the fabrication of customizable adsorbent filters with complex geometries and tunable internal structures. In this study, polylactic acid (PLA) filters were fabricated using fused deposition modeling, followed by acetone-assisted surface modification and graphene oxide (GO) doping to prepare composite GO/PLA filters for methylene blue (MB) removal. Unlike previous studies limited to a single design, this work systematically investigates the influence of two key internal structural parameters, infill ratio (10–80 %) and rotation angle (10°, 30°, 90°), on adsorption performance. Batch experiments (50 mg/L MB, 50 mL, 1 filter at 20–25 °C) revealed that a 40 % infill ratio provided the highest adsorption capacity (2.35 mg/g). In continuous column tests (3 mg/L MB, 1 mL/min, 8 filters), a rotation angle of 90° showed the best performance, yielding the highest adsorption capacity (1.89 mg/g) and Thomas rate constant (4.42 × 10-4 L·mg−1·min−1). Image-based structural analysis was employed to quantify cross-sectional geometries and correlate them with adsorption performances, highlighting a trade-off between surface area and fluid permeability. Overall, this study identifies the optimal structural design of GO/PLA filters and provides a generalized framework for correlating 3D-printed filter geometry with adsorption efficiency, offering valuable guidance for the rational design of practical water treatment systems.
{"title":"Influence of internal structure on the adsorption performance of 3D-printed polylactic acid filters with graphene oxide for water treatment","authors":"Gayeon Won , Sung-Sil Park , Yuri Park , Seok-Oh Ko , Bokseong Kim , Yuhoon Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three-dimensional (3D) printing enables the fabrication of customizable adsorbent filters with complex geometries and tunable internal structures. In this study, polylactic acid (PLA) filters were fabricated using fused deposition modeling, followed by acetone-assisted surface modification and graphene oxide (GO) doping to prepare composite GO/PLA filters for methylene blue (MB) removal. Unlike previous studies limited to a single design, this work systematically investigates the influence of two key internal structural parameters, infill ratio (10–80 %) and rotation angle (10°, 30°, 90°), on adsorption performance. Batch experiments (50 mg/L MB, 50 mL, 1 filter at 20–25 °C) revealed that a 40 % infill ratio provided the highest adsorption capacity (2.35 mg/g). In continuous column tests (3 mg/L MB, 1 mL/min, 8 filters), a rotation angle of 90° showed the best performance, yielding the highest adsorption capacity (1.89 mg/g) and Thomas rate constant (4.42 × 10<sup>-4</sup> L·mg<sup>−1</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup>). Image-based structural analysis was employed to quantify cross-sectional geometries and correlate them with adsorption performances, highlighting a trade-off between surface area and fluid permeability. Overall, this study identifies the optimal structural design of GO/PLA filters and provides a generalized framework for correlating 3D-printed filter geometry with adsorption efficiency, offering valuable guidance for the rational design of practical water treatment systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 435-443"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.11.242
Hongming Wei , Jianpeng Zou , Yurong Gong
In this study, Ti3AlC2 was incorporated into Cu/graphite composites (CGC) to produce TiC-reinforced Cu(Al)/graphite composites (TRCGC). Besides, pre-oxidation of the raw powders of Cu-coated graphite and Ti3AlC2 resulted in the formation of Al2O3, which, together with TiC, provided synergistic reinforcement in the Cu(Al)/graphite composites (TARCGC). Upon decomposition, Ti3AlC2 produced alternating TiC-rich and Cu(Al)-rich layers, and a TiC layer is promoted at the Cu(Al)/graphite interface. The combined effects of TiC and Al2O3 significantly improved the high-temperature performance. The temperatures at which the hardness decreases to 50 % of its room-temperature value are approximately 320 °C for CGC, 510 °C for TRCGC, and 590 °C for TARCGC.
{"title":"Cu(Al)/graphite composites synergistically reinforced with TiC and Al2O3 via in situ synthesis","authors":"Hongming Wei , Jianpeng Zou , Yurong Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.11.242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.11.242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub> was incorporated into Cu/graphite composites (CGC) to produce TiC-reinforced Cu(Al)/graphite composites (TRCGC). Besides, pre-oxidation of the raw powders of Cu-coated graphite and Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub> resulted in the formation of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, which, together with TiC, provided synergistic reinforcement in the Cu(Al)/graphite composites (TARCGC). Upon decomposition, Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub> produced alternating TiC-rich and Cu(Al)-rich layers, and a TiC layer is promoted at the Cu(Al)/graphite interface. The combined effects of TiC and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> significantly improved the high-temperature performance. The temperatures at which the hardness decreases to 50 % of its room-temperature value are approximately 320 °C for CGC, 510 °C for TRCGC, and 590 °C for TARCGC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 414-422"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.049
Soumyabrata Basak , Sam Yaw Anaman , Min-Jun Cheon , Changwook Ji , Hoon-Hwe Cho , Sung-Tae Hong
This study investigates the impact of electrically assisted post-weld heat treatment (EA-PWHT) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of laser beam-welded (LBWed) DP 590 steel. EA-PWHT utilizes electro-pulsing to minimize microstructural inhomogeneity throughout the weld. Two EA-PWHT strategies, single-pulse (SP) and multiple-pulse (MP) electro-pulsing, are considered. The secondary current density in MP heat treatment delays cooling between Ac3 and Ac1 temperatures. Optical microscopy reveals that heat-affected zones (HAZs) near the weld disappear after EA-PWHT. Electron microscopy of the LBW-only weld zone (WZ) shows fine columnar grains with martensitic needles, which turn into coarse columnar grains after SP heat treatment, and a bi-modal structure with martensitic plates after MP heat treatment. Martensite in the LBW-only WZ (57 %) decreases to 41 % and 36 % after the SP and MP heat treatments, respectively. After EA-PWHTs, the epitaxial grains of the HAZs with tempered martensite transform into coarse equiaxed grains with fresh martensite. While the fresh martensite increases microhardness around the weld, the microhardness within the WZ decreases due to reduced martensite after EA-PWHT. The MP heat treatment reduces the residual stress within the WZ, transforming its nature from tension (LBW-only) to compression through microstructural changes. Overall, EA-PWHTs effectively control the joint microstructure without altering base material properties.
{"title":"Electrically assisted post-weld rapid heat treatment of laser beam welded DP 590 steels: Microstructural and mechanical properties","authors":"Soumyabrata Basak , Sam Yaw Anaman , Min-Jun Cheon , Changwook Ji , Hoon-Hwe Cho , Sung-Tae Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of electrically assisted post-weld heat treatment (EA-PWHT) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of laser beam-welded (LBWed) DP 590 steel. EA-PWHT utilizes electro-pulsing to minimize microstructural inhomogeneity throughout the weld. Two EA-PWHT strategies, single-pulse (SP) and multiple-pulse (MP) electro-pulsing, are considered. The secondary current density in MP heat treatment delays cooling between Ac<sub>3</sub> and Ac<sub>1</sub> temperatures. Optical microscopy reveals that heat-affected zones (HAZs) near the weld disappear after EA-PWHT. Electron microscopy of the LBW-only weld zone (WZ) shows fine columnar grains with martensitic needles, which turn into coarse columnar grains after SP heat treatment, and a bi-modal structure with martensitic plates after MP heat treatment. Martensite in the LBW-only WZ (57 %) decreases to 41 % and 36 % after the SP and MP heat treatments, respectively. After EA-PWHTs, the epitaxial grains of the HAZs with tempered martensite transform into coarse equiaxed grains with fresh martensite. While the fresh martensite increases microhardness around the weld, the microhardness within the WZ decreases due to reduced martensite after EA-PWHT. The MP heat treatment reduces the residual stress within the WZ, transforming its nature from tension (LBW-only) to compression through microstructural changes. Overall, EA-PWHTs effectively control the joint microstructure without altering base material properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 193-207"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.111
Chenyang Zhao , Cunguang Chen , Lizhang Su , Guoping Su , Xin Li , Jiahao Guo , Yang Li , Fang Yang , Xinhua Liu
Conventional pure aluminum is prone to recrystallization softening, making it unsuitable for high-temperature applications. To address the issue, this study proposes an in-situ dual-phase dispersion strengthening strategy incorporating AlF3 and Al2O3 nanoparticles. Using powder metallurgy and hot extrusion processes, an aluminum alloy resistant to ultra-high temperature softening above 550 °C was successfully fabricated. Results show that the material can maintain high hardness even after annealing at 550 °C, with only an 11.5 % hardness reduction compared to room-temperature. The sample with 2 wt% PTFE addition exhibits a tensile strength of 168 MPa, 28 % improvement over pure aluminum, while maintaining excellent ductility with an elongation of 24.3 %. The strength improvement primarily stems from strong dislocation pinning by AlF3 and Al2O3 nanoparticles and effective suppression of grain boundary migration by the cubic AlF3 particles. This study expands the conventional understanding of dispersion-strengthened aluminum and opens new pathways for developing super heat-resistant aluminum alloys.
{"title":"Nanometer dual-phase dispersion strengthened aluminum resistant to ultrahigh-temperature softening","authors":"Chenyang Zhao , Cunguang Chen , Lizhang Su , Guoping Su , Xin Li , Jiahao Guo , Yang Li , Fang Yang , Xinhua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional pure aluminum is prone to recrystallization softening, making it unsuitable for high-temperature applications. To address the issue, this study proposes an in-situ dual-phase dispersion strengthening strategy incorporating AlF<sub>3</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles. Using powder metallurgy and hot extrusion processes, an aluminum alloy resistant to ultra-high temperature softening above 550 °C was successfully fabricated. Results show that the material can maintain high hardness even after annealing at 550 °C, with only an 11.5 % hardness reduction compared to room-temperature. The sample with 2 wt% PTFE addition exhibits a tensile strength of 168 MPa, 28 % improvement over pure aluminum, while maintaining excellent ductility with an elongation of 24.3 %. The strength improvement primarily stems from strong dislocation pinning by AlF<sub>3</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles and effective suppression of grain boundary migration by the cubic AlF<sub>3</sub> particles. This study expands the conventional understanding of dispersion-strengthened aluminum and opens new pathways for developing super heat-resistant aluminum alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 900-912"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.043
Dae-Hyeon Kim , Babu Madavali , Eun-Ha Go , Sung-Jae Jo , Geon-Woo Baek , HyunJoong Kim , Teawan Kim , Soon-Jik Hong
Titanium-based porous structures are critical for promoting osseointegration and enhancing biocompatibility in biomedical implants. However, significant powder wastage during the implant fabrication using additive manufacturing (direct energy deposition-DED) has major cost challenges, necessitating effective powder reuse strategies. Therefore, this study investigates the reusability of Ti powder generated as spatter during DED by systematically characterizing its powder surfaces and microstructure and assessing its reusage limitations for bio-implant applications. Surface analysis confirmed the presence of TiO2 on all powders, with thickness increasing after recycling during DED; this enrichment accelerated the densification rate, and lowered coating porosity. Flowability deteriorated due to more satellite powders, but avalanche energy attained <10 mJ/kg, indicating continued re-usability. Porous coatings were deposited on Ti–6Al-4V using recycled powders, and results exhibited slightly reduced porosity, pore size, and thickness due to higher laser absorption and stronger inter-particle bonding. Nevertheless, the resulting porous structures remained within acceptable limits for biocompatibility. Heat-affected zone (HAZ) expansion was observed in recycled specimens, attributed to twin boundary formation from thermal gradients during repeated melting cycles. Overall, recycled Ti powders can be effectively utilized for fabricating porous structures, enabling sustainable and cost-effective DED for biomedical applications while maintaining acceptable coating quality and structural integrity.
{"title":"Assessing sustainability of titanium powder recycling in additive manufacturing via powder surface and microstructural analysis for porous implant coatings","authors":"Dae-Hyeon Kim , Babu Madavali , Eun-Ha Go , Sung-Jae Jo , Geon-Woo Baek , HyunJoong Kim , Teawan Kim , Soon-Jik Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Titanium-based porous structures are critical for promoting osseointegration and enhancing biocompatibility in biomedical implants. However, significant powder wastage during the implant fabrication using additive manufacturing (direct energy deposition-DED) has major cost challenges, necessitating effective powder reuse strategies. Therefore, this study investigates the reusability of Ti powder generated as spatter during DED by systematically characterizing its powder surfaces and microstructure and assessing its reusage limitations for bio-implant applications. Surface analysis confirmed the presence of TiO<sub>2</sub> on all powders, with thickness increasing after recycling during DED; this enrichment accelerated the densification rate, and lowered coating porosity. Flowability deteriorated due to more satellite powders, but avalanche energy attained <10 mJ/kg, indicating continued re-usability. Porous coatings were deposited on Ti–6Al-4V using recycled powders, and results exhibited slightly reduced porosity, pore size, and thickness due to higher laser absorption and stronger inter-particle bonding. Nevertheless, the resulting porous structures remained within acceptable limits for biocompatibility. Heat-affected zone (HAZ) expansion was observed in recycled specimens, attributed to twin boundary formation from thermal gradients during repeated melting cycles. Overall, recycled Ti powders can be effectively utilized for fabricating porous structures, enabling sustainable and cost-effective DED for biomedical applications while maintaining acceptable coating quality and structural integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54332,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&t","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 913-924"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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