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DNA-Scaffolded Proximity Assembly and Confinement of Multienzyme Reactions dna支架的近距离组装和多酶反应的限制
IF 8.6 2区 化学 Q1 Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-04-04 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-0299-3
Jinglin Fu, Zhicheng Wang, Xiao Hua Liang, Sung Won Oh, Ezry St. Iago-McRae, Ting Zhang

Cellular functions rely on a series of organized and regulated multienzyme cascade reactions. The catalytic efficiencies of these cascades depend on the precise spatial organization of the constituent enzymes, which is optimized to facilitate substrate transport and regulate activities. Mimicry of this organization in a non-living, artificial system would be very useful in a broad range of applications—with impacts on both the scientific community and society at large. Self-assembled DNA nanostructures are promising applications to organize biomolecular components into prescribed, multidimensional patterns. In this review, we focus on recent progress in the field of DNA-scaffolded assembly and confinement of multienzyme reactions. DNA self-assembly is exploited to build spatially organized multienzyme cascades with control over their relative distance, substrate diffusion paths, compartmentalization and activity actuation. The combination of addressable DNA assembly and multienzyme cascades can deliver breakthroughs toward the engineering of novel synthetic and biomimetic reactors.

细胞功能依赖于一系列有组织和调控的多酶级联反应。这些级联的催化效率取决于组成酶的精确空间组织,这是优化的,以促进底物运输和调节活性。在一个无生命的人工系统中模仿这种组织将在广泛的应用中非常有用——对科学界和整个社会都有影响。自组装DNA纳米结构在将生物分子成分组织成规定的多维模式方面具有很好的应用前景。本文综述了近年来在dna支架组装和多酶反应约束方面的研究进展。DNA自组装被用来建立空间上有组织的多酶级联,控制它们的相对距离、底物扩散路径、区隔化和活性驱动。可寻址DNA组装和多酶级联的结合可以为新型合成和仿生反应器的工程带来突破。
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引用次数: 18
Towards Active Self-Assembly Through DNA Nanotechnology 利用DNA纳米技术实现主动自组装
IF 8.6 2区 化学 Q1 Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-0297-5
Jinyi Dong, Chao Zhou, Qiangbin Wang

Self-assembly, which is ubiquitous in living systems, also stimulates countless synthetic molecular self-assembling systems. Most synthetic self-assemblies are realized by passive processes, going from high-energy states to thermodynamic equilibrium. Conversely, living systems work out of equilibrium, meaning they are energy-consuming, dissipative and active. In recently years, chemists have made extensive efforts to design artificial active self-assembly systems, which will be pivotal to emulating and understanding life. Among various strategies, emerging approaches based on DNA nanotechnology have attracted a lot of attention. Structural- as well as dynamic-DNA-nanotechnology offer diverse tools with which to design building blocks and to shape their assembly behaviors. To achieve active self-assembly, a synergy of diverse DNA techniques is essential, including structural design, controllable assembly–disassembly, autonomous assembly, molecular circuits, biochemical oscillators, and so on. In this review, we introduce progress towards, or related to, active assembly via DNA nanotechnology. Dynamic DNA assembly systems ranging from passive assembly–disassembly systems, to autonomous assembly systems to sophisticated artificial metabolism and time-clocking oscillation systems will be discussed. We catalogue these systems from the perspective of free energy change with the reaction process. We end the review with a brief outlook and discussion.

自组装在生命系统中无处不在,也刺激了无数的合成分子自组装系统。大多数合成自组装是通过被动过程实现的,从高能状态到热力学平衡。相反,生命系统的工作是不平衡的,这意味着它们是耗能的、耗散的和活跃的。近年来,化学家们在设计人工主动自组装系统方面做了大量的努力,这将是模拟和理解生命的关键。在各种策略中,基于DNA纳米技术的新兴方法引起了人们的广泛关注。结构和动态dna纳米技术提供了多种工具来设计积木和塑造它们的组装行为。为了实现主动自组装,多种DNA技术的协同作用是必不可少的,包括结构设计、可控组装-拆卸、自主组装、分子电路、生化振荡器等。在这篇综述中,我们介绍了通过DNA纳米技术进行活性组装的进展或相关进展。动态DNA装配系统,从被动装配-拆卸系统,到自主装配系统,到复杂的人工代谢和时钟振荡系统将被讨论。我们从自由能随反应过程变化的角度对这些体系进行了分类。我们以一个简短的展望和讨论来结束回顾。
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引用次数: 14
Improvements in Catalyst Synthesis and Photocatalytic Oxidation Processing Based on the Use of Ultrasound 基于超声的催化剂合成和光催化氧化工艺的改进
IF 8.6 2区 化学 Q1 Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-03-03 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-0293-9
Parag R. Gogate

The efficacy of photocatalysis strongly depends on the activity of the catalysts and the operational factors, especially factors associated with mass transfer and the possibility of catalyst deactivation. The use of ultrasound has great potential to enhance catalyst activity, during both the synthesis and actual oxidation processes due to the cavitational effects of turbulence and liquid streaming. This article presents an overview of the application aspects of ultrasound, both in the synthesis of the photocatalyst and applications for wastewater treatment. A review of the literature revealed that the use of ultrasound in the synthesis processes can result in a catalyst with a lower mean size and higher surface area as well as uniform size distribution. The application of ultrasound in the actual photocatalytic oxidation facilitates enhancement of the oxidation capacity, leading to higher degradation rates, sometimes synergistic results and definitely?lower treatment times. This article also presents guidelines for the selection of the best operating conditions for the use of ultrasound in photocatalytic systems and includes a discussion on the possible reactor configurations suitable for large-scale operations. Overall, a combination of ultrasound with photocatalytic oxidation or the optimized application of ultrasound in catalyst synthesis can yield significant benefits.

光催化的效果很大程度上取决于催化剂的活性和操作因素,特别是与传质和催化剂失活的可能性有关的因素。在合成和实际氧化过程中,由于湍流和液体流动的空化效应,超声波的使用在提高催化剂活性方面具有很大的潜力。本文综述了超声技术在光催化剂合成和废水处理中的应用。对文献的回顾表明,在合成过程中使用超声波可以使催化剂具有较低的平均尺寸和较高的表面积以及均匀的尺寸分布。超声波在实际光催化氧化中的应用有助于氧化能力的增强,从而导致更高的降解率,有时会产生协同效果,并且肯定?缩短治疗时间。本文还提出了在光催化系统中使用超声波的最佳操作条件的选择指南,并包括对适合大规模操作的可能的反应器配置的讨论。总之,超声与光催化氧化的结合或超声在催化剂合成中的优化应用可以产生显著的效益。
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引用次数: 15
Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks: Mechanisms, Design Strategies and Recent Advances 导电金属有机框架:机制、设计策略和最新进展
IF 8.6 2区 化学 Q1 Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-02-24 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-0289-5
Xiangling Deng, Jie-Ying Hu, Jiye Luo, Wei-Ming Liao, Jun He
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引用次数: 44
Aptamer-Functionalized DNA Nanostructures for Biological Applications 核酸适体功能化DNA纳米结构的生物学应用
IF 8.6 2区 化学 Q1 Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-0283-y
Xiaoyi Fu, Fangqi Peng, Jungyeon Lee, Qi Yang, Fei Zhang, Mengyi Xiong, Gezhi Kong, Hong-min Meng, Guoliang Ke, Xiao-Bing Zhang

DNA nanostructures hold great promise for various applications due to their remarkable properties, including programmable assembly, nanometric positional precision, and dynamic structural control. The past few decades have seen the development of various kinds of DNA nanostructures that can be employed as useful tools in fields such as chemistry, materials, biology, and medicine. Aptamers are short single-stranded nucleic acids that bind to specific targets with excellent selectivity and high affinity and play critical roles in molecular recognition. Recently, many attempts have been made to integrate aptamers with DNA nanostructures for a range of biological applications. This review starts with an introduction to the features of aptamer-functionalized DNA nanostructures. The discussion then focuses on recent progress (particularly during the last five?years) in the applications of these nanostructures in areas such as biosensing, bioimaging, cancer therapy, and biophysics. Finally, challenges involved in the practical application of aptamer-functionalized DNA nanostructures are discussed, and perspectives on future directions for research into and applications of aptamer-functionalized DNA nanostructures are provided.

DNA纳米结构由于其非凡的特性,包括可编程组装、纳米位置精度和动态结构控制,在各种应用中具有很大的前景。在过去的几十年里,我们已经看到了各种DNA纳米结构的发展,它们可以被用作化学、材料、生物学和医学等领域的有用工具。适配体是一种短单链核酸,具有极好的选择性和高亲和力,可以与特定的靶标结合,在分子识别中起着至关重要的作用。近年来,人们尝试将适体与DNA纳米结构相结合,以用于一系列生物学应用。本文首先介绍了适配体功能化DNA纳米结构的特点。讨论的重点是这些纳米结构在生物传感、生物成像、癌症治疗和生物物理学等领域的应用的最新进展(特别是在过去五年中)。最后,讨论了适体功能化DNA纳米结构在实际应用中所面临的挑战,并对未来适体功能化DNA纳米结构的研究和应用方向进行了展望。
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引用次数: 21
High-performance biosensing based on autonomous enzyme-free DNA circuits 基于自主无酶DNA电路的高性能生物传感
IF 8.6 2区 化学 Q1 Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-02-03 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-0284-x
Hong Wang, Huimin Wang, Itamar Willner, Fuan Wang
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引用次数: 23
DNA-Driven Nanoparticle Assemblies for Biosensing and Bioimaging 用于生物传感和生物成像的dna驱动纳米粒子组件
IF 8.6 2区 化学 Q1 Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-02-03 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-0282-z
Yuan Zhao, Lixia Shi, Hua Kuang, Chuanlai Xu

DNA molecules with superior flexibility, affinity and programmability have garnered considerable attention for the controllable assembly of nanoparticles (NPs). By controlling the density, length and sequences of DNA on NPs, the configuration of NP assemblies can be rationally designed. The specific recognition of DNA enables changes to be made to the spatial structures of NP assemblies, resulting in differences in tailorable optical signals. Comprehensive information on the fabrication of DNA-driven NP assemblies would be beneficial for their application in biosensing and bioimaging. This review analyzes the progress of DNA-driven NP assemblies, and discusses the tunable configurations determined by the structural parameters of DNA skeletons. The collective optical properties, such as chirality, fluorescence and surface enhanced Raman resonance (SERS), etc., of DNA-driven NP assemblies are explored, and engineered tailorable optical properties of these spatial structures are achieved. We discuss the development of DNA-directed NP assemblies for the quantification of DNA, toxins, and heavy metal ions, and demonstrate their potential application in the biosensing and bioimaging of tumor markers, RNA, living metal ions and phototherapeutics. We hihghlight possible challenges in the development of DNA-driven NP assemblies, and further direct potential prospects in the practical applications of macroscopical materials and photonic devices.

DNA分子具有优越的柔韧性、亲和力和可编程性,在纳米颗粒的可控组装方面引起了人们的广泛关注。通过控制NP上DNA的密度、长度和序列,可以合理设计NP组件的结构。DNA的特异性识别使得改变NP组件的空间结构成为可能,从而导致可定制的光学信号的差异。全面了解dna驱动的NP装配的制备将有利于其在生物传感和生物成像中的应用。本文分析了DNA驱动的NP组装的进展,并讨论了由DNA骨架结构参数决定的可调配置。研究了dna驱动的NP组件的集体光学性质,如手性、荧光和表面增强拉曼共振(SERS)等,并实现了这些空间结构的工程定制光学性质。我们讨论了DNA定向NP组件的发展,用于DNA、毒素和重金属离子的定量,并展示了它们在肿瘤标志物、RNA、活金属离子和光治疗的生物传感和生物成像方面的潜在应用。我们强调了dna驱动的NP组件在发展中可能面临的挑战,并进一步指出了在宏观材料和光子器件的实际应用中的潜在前景。
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引用次数: 12
Metal–Organic Frameworks Towards Desulfurization of Fuels 金属-有机框架在燃料脱硫中的应用
IF 8.6 2区 化学 Q1 Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-01-29 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-0280-1
Leiduan Hao, Matthew J. Hurlock, Guodong Ding, Qiang Zhang

Petroleum is an essential source of energy for our daily life. However, crude oil contains various kinds of sulfur-containing compounds that will form sulfur oxides upon combustion and cause severe environmental problems. To reduce the environmental impact of petroleum energy, the desulfurization of fuels is necessary. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), an emerging class of porous materials, have shown great potential in a variety of applications. In this review, we summarize the use of MOFs in the desulfurization of fuels. The scope of this review includes MOFs and MOF-derived materials that have been applied in oxidative desulfurization and adsorptive desulfurization processes. We aim to provide an overview of the progress of MOFs in fuel desulfurization as well as shed light on the development of superior MOF-based materials in the field of desulfurization.

石油是我们日常生活必不可少的能源。然而,原油中含有各种含硫化合物,燃烧后会形成硫氧化物,造成严重的环境问题。为了减少石油能源对环境的影响,燃料的脱硫是必要的。金属有机骨架(MOFs)是一类新兴的多孔材料,具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了MOFs在燃料脱硫中的应用。本文综述了mof及其衍生材料在氧化脱硫和吸附脱硫工艺中的应用。本文综述了mof在燃料脱硫方面的研究进展,并对mof基脱硫材料的发展进行了展望。
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引用次数: 26
Carbon Nanotubes in Biomedicine 碳纳米管在生物医学中的应用
IF 8.6 2区 化学 Q1 Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-01-14 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0278-8
Viviana Negri, Jesús Pacheco-Torres, Daniel Calle, Pilar López-Larrubia

Nowadays, biomaterials have become a crucial element in numerous biomedical, preclinical, and clinical applications. The use of nanoparticles entails a great potential in these fields mainly because of the high ratio of surface atoms that modify the physicochemical properties and increases the chemical reactivity. Among them, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a powerful tool to improve biomedical approaches in the management of numerous diseases. CNTs have an excellent ability to penetrate cell membranes, and the sp2 hybridization of all carbons enables their functionalization with almost every biomolecule or compound, allowing them to target cells and deliver drugs under the appropriate environmental stimuli. Besides, in the new promising field of artificial biomaterial generation, nanotubes are studied as the load in nanocomposite materials, improving their mechanical and electrical properties, or even for direct use as scaffolds in body tissue manufacturing. Nevertheless, despite their beneficial contributions, some major concerns need to be solved to boost the clinical development of CNTs, including poor solubility in water, low biodegradability and dispersivity, and toxicity problems associated with CNTs’ interaction with biomolecules in tissues and organs, including the possible effects in the proteome and genome. This review performs a wide literature analysis to present the main and latest advances in the optimal design and characterization of carbon nanotubes with biomedical applications, and their capacities in different areas of preclinical research.

如今,生物材料已成为众多生物医学,临床前和临床应用的关键因素。纳米颗粒的使用在这些领域具有很大的潜力,主要是因为其表面原子的高比例改变了物理化学性质并增加了化学反应活性。其中,碳纳米管(CNTs)已成为改善多种疾病管理的生物医学方法的有力工具。碳纳米管具有优异的穿透细胞膜的能力,所有碳的sp2杂化使其能够与几乎所有生物分子或化合物功能化,使其能够在适当的环境刺激下靶向细胞并递送药物。此外,纳米管作为纳米复合材料的载荷,改善其力学和电学性能,甚至直接用作人体组织制造的支架,是人工生物材料制造的新领域。然而,尽管它们有有益的贡献,但为了促进CNTs的临床发展,还需要解决一些主要问题,包括在水中的溶解度差、生物降解性和分散性低,以及CNTs与组织和器官中的生物分子相互作用相关的毒性问题,包括对蛋白质组和基因组的可能影响。这篇综述进行了广泛的文献分析,介绍了碳纳米管在生物医学应用的优化设计和表征方面的主要和最新进展,以及它们在不同临床前研究领域的能力。
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引用次数: 84
Insights into the Gas Adsorption Mechanisms in Metal–Organic Frameworks from Classical Molecular Simulations 金属-有机骨架气体吸附机理的经典分子模拟研究
IF 8.6 2区 化学 Q1 Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-01-13 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0276-x
Tony Pham, Brian Space

Classical molecular simulations can provide significant insights into the gas adsorption mechanisms and binding sites in various metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). These simulations involve assessing the interactions between the MOF and an adsorbate molecule by calculating the potential energy of the MOF–adsorbate system using a functional form that generally includes nonbonded interaction terms, such as the repulsion/dispersion and permanent electrostatic energies. Grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) is the most widely used classical method that is carried out to simulate gas adsorption and separation in MOFs and identify the favorable adsorbate binding sites. In this review, we provide an overview of the GCMC methods that are normally utilized to perform these simulations. We also describe how a typical force field is developed for the MOF, which is required to compute the classical potential energy of the system. Furthermore, we highlight some of the common analysis techniques that have been used to determine the locations of the preferential binding sites in these materials. We also review some of the early classical molecular simulation studies that have contributed to our working understanding of the gas adsorption mechanisms in MOFs. Finally, we show that the implementation of classical polarization for simulations in MOFs can be necessary for the accurate modeling of an adsorbate in these materials, particularly those that contain open-metal sites. In general, molecular simulations can provide a great complement to experimental studies by helping to rationalize the favorable MOF–adsorbate interactions and the mechanism of gas adsorption.

经典的分子模拟可以对各种金属有机框架(MOFs)的气体吸附机理和结合位点提供重要的见解。这些模拟包括评估MOF和吸附分子之间的相互作用,通过计算MOF -吸附体系的势能,使用通常包括非键相互作用项的功能形式,如排斥/色散和永久静电能量。大正则蒙特卡罗(GCMC)是目前应用最广泛的模拟气体在mof中的吸附和分离并确定有利吸附物结合位点的经典方法。在这篇综述中,我们概述了通常用于执行这些模拟的GCMC方法。我们还描述了如何为MOF建立一个典型的力场,这是计算系统经典势能所必需的。此外,我们强调了一些常用的分析技术,这些技术已被用来确定这些材料中优先结合位点的位置。我们还回顾了一些早期的经典分子模拟研究,这些研究有助于我们对mof中气体吸附机制的工作理解。最后,我们证明了在mof中实现经典极化模拟对于这些材料中吸附质的精确建模是必要的,特别是那些含有开放金属位点的材料。总的来说,分子模拟可以为实验研究提供很大的补充,有助于理顺mof -吸附物的有利相互作用和气体吸附机理。
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引用次数: 16
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Topics in Current Chemistry
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